spadework

N งาน จัดเตรียม ขั้นต้น  ngan-jad-triam-kan-ton

spadework

spade work |ˈspādˌwərk ˈspeɪdˌwərk | ▶noun routine or difficult preparatory work.

spadework

spade |work |ˈspeɪdwəːk | ▶noun [ mass noun ] hard or routine preparatory work.

spadework

spadework noun the politicians coming along have benefited from the spadework done for them: preliminary work, preparations, planning, groundwork, foundations, homework, preliminaries, provision, preparatory measures; hard work, donkey work, labour, drudgery, slog, toil, hard labour, sweated labour, hack work, chores, exertion; informal grind, sweat, elbow grease; Brit. informal graft; archaic travail, moil.

spadework

sp á de w ò rk 名詞 U 1 (退屈な )下準備 ; (骨の折れる )準備作業 .2 鋤仕事 .