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English-Thai Dictionary

hard

ADJ(อากาศ  รุนแรง  หนัก  run-rang

 

hard

ADJ ที่ ต้อง ใช้ ความพยายาม มาก  ti-tong-chai-kwam-pa-ya-yam-mak

 

hard

ADJ ยาก  ลำบาก  yeak

 

hard

ADJ เต็มไปด้วย ปัญหา  tem-pai-duai-pan-ha

 

hard

ADJ เป็นจริง  แท้จริง  pen-jing

 

hard

ADJ แข็ง  firm rigid stiff soft yielding kang

 

hard

ADJ แข็งกระด้าง  ดุดัน  ไร้ เมตตา  kang-kra-dang

 

hard

ADV อย่าง ใช้ ความพยายาม มาก  อย่าง ทรหด  yang-chai-kwam-pa-ya-yam-mak

 

hard

ADV โดย แรง  อย่างแรง  forcefully strenuously vigorously gently doi-rang

 

hard

ADV โดย ใช้ สมาธิ  doi-chai-sa-ma-ti

 

hard cash

IDM เงินสด  ngen-sod

 

hard copy

N ข้อมูล จาก คอมพิวเตอร์ ที่ พิมพ์ ลง กระดาษ  printout kor-mun-jak-kom-pil-tor-ti-pim-long-kra-dad

 

hard core

N บุคคล ที่ เป็น แกนกลาง  หัวกะทิ  ผู้ ไม่ยอม ลง ให้ ใคร ง่ายๆ  buk-kon-ti-pen-kaen-klang

 

hard disk

N จานแม่เหล็ก เก็บข้อมูล ของ คอมพิวเตอร์  มี เนื้อที่ มากกว่า แผ่น แม่เหล็ก บันทึก ข้อมูล แบบบาง (floppy disk(คอมพิวเตอร์  ฮาร์ดดิสก์  jan-mae-lek-keb-kor-mun-kong-kom-pil-tor-me-nuea-ti-mak-kwa-paen-mae-lek-ban-tuek-komun-baeb-bang

 

hard drug

N ยาเสพติด ให้โทษ ที่ รุนแรง มาก  เช่น  เฮโรอีน  โคเคน  soft drug ya-seb-tid-hai-thod-ti-run-raeng-mak-chen-he-ro-in-ko-kenyaseptit hai thot thi runraeng mak chen hero-in khokhen

 

hard goods

N ครุภัณ ฑ์  ka-ra-pan

 

hard labor

N การ ให้ นักโทษ ทำงานหนัก (นอกเหนือจาก การ ถูกจำคุก  kan-hai-nak-thod-tam-ngan-nak

 

hard labour

N การ ให้ นักโทษ ทำงานหนัก (นอกเหนือจาก การ ถูกจำคุก  kan-hai-nak-thod-tam-ngan-nak

 

hard nut to crack

IDM คน หรือ สิ่ง ที่ ยาก จะ จัดการ (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  kon-rue-sing-ti-yak-ja-jad-kan

 

hard of hearing

IDM ไม่ ค่อย ได้ยิน  ได้ยิน ไม่ชัด  mai-koi-dai-yin

 

hard palate

N เพดานแข็ง (ภายใน ปาก  pea-dan-kang

 

hard pressed

ADJ ซึ่ง ประสบ กับ ความยากลำบาก  ซึ่ง ถูก กดขี่  ซึ่ง ถูก บังคับ  anguished wretched sueng-pra-sob-kab-kwam-yak-lam-bak

 

hard rock

N ดนตรี ร็อก ที่ มี จังหวะ ตี แบบ ง่ายๆ  หนักแน่น และ เสียงดัง  don-tri-rok-ti-me-jang-wa-ti-baeb-ngai-ngai-nak-naen-lae-siang-dang

 

hard sell

N การ ขายของ แบบ ยัดเยียด (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  soft sell kan-kai-kong-baeb-yad-yiad

 

hard sell

SL การ พยายาม ขาย หรือ โฆษณา สินค้า  kan-pa-ya-yam-kai-rue-ko-sa-na-sin-ka

 

hard to swallow

SL ไม่ อยาก เชื่อ  mai-yak-chuea

 

hard water

N น้ำกระด้าง  soft water nam-kra-dang

 

hard-and-fast rule

IDM กฎระเบียบ ที่ เคร่งครัด  kod-ra-biab-ti-kreng-krad

 

hard-bitten

ADJ แข็งแกร่ง จาก ประสบการณ์  แข็งแกร่ง จาก การต่อสู้ มา มาก  kaeng-kraeng-jak-pra-sob-kan

 

hard-boiled

ADJ(ไข่  ที่ ต้ม จน แข็ง  ti-tom-jon-kang

 

hard-fisted

A ที่ ตระหนี่ ขี้เหนียว  ที่ โหดเหี้ยม อำมหิต  hardfisted

 

hard-handed

A ที่ มี มือ ด้าน (จาก การ ทำงานหนัก  ที่ โหดร้าย 

 

hard-line

ADJ ที่ ยึดมั่น ใน หลักการ  ti-yued-man-nai-lak-kan

 

hard-nosed

ADJ ดื้อ (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  ดื้อรั้น  ไม่ยอม ง่ายๆ  stubborn tough unyielding due

 

hard-on

N การแข็งตัว ของ องคชาต 

 

hard-pressed

ADJ อัตคัด  ฝืดเคือง  ขัดสน  ad-ta-kad

 

hard-set

ADJ ยึดมั่น  มั่นคง  ซึ่ง อยู่ ใน ฐานะ ที่ ลำบาก  ดื้อรั้น  อดอยาก  yod-man

 

hard-shell

A ที่ มี เปลือก แข็ง  ที่ ดื้อรั้น  ที่ ไม่ ประ ณีประนอม  obstinate unyielding

 

hard-shell

ADJ ไม่ อ่อนข้อ  ไม่ ประนีประนอม  dogmatic uncompromising mai-on-kor

 

hard-spun

A ที่ ปั่น เข้ารูป แน่น ดี 

 

hardback

ADJ ที่ เป็น ปกแข็ง  ti-pen-pok-kaeng

 

hardback

N หนังสือปกแข็ง  hardcover nang-sue-pok-kaeng

 

hardboard

N ไม้อัด 

 

hardboiled

SL เย็นชา  ไร้ หัวใจ  ใจร้าย  yen-cha

 

hardcover

ADJ ที่ เป็น ปกแข็ง  ti-pen-pok-kaeng

 

hardcover

N หนังสือปกแข็ง  hardback nang-sue-pok-kaeng

 

harden

VT ทำให้ แข็ง  firm rigidify stiffen soften tam-hai-kang

 

harden

VT ทำให้ ใจแข็ง  ทำให้ ดุดัน ,ทำให้ ไร้ความรู้สึก สงสาร  ทำให้ อำมหิต  tam-hai-jai-kaeng

 

harden in

PHRV ดึง เชือก ไว้ (การ แล่น เรือ  ควบคุม เชือก  flatten in round in dueng-chueak-wai

 

harden off

PHRV(ต้นไม้  โต พอที่ จะ ปลูก ไว้ ข้างนอก  to-po-ti-ja-pluk-wai-kang-nok

 

harden to

PHRV ทนทาน ต่อ  ton-tan-tor

 

harden up

PHRV ดึง เชือก ไว้ (การ แล่น เรือ  ควบคุม เชือก  harden in dueng-chueak-wai

 

hardened

ADJ ซึ่ง แข็ง ขึ้น  ซึ่ง แน่น ขึ้น  sueng-kang-kuan

 

hardened

ADJ ซึ่ง ไม่มีความรู้ สึก  ซึ่ง ไร้ความรู้สึก สงสาร  callous hardhearted insensitive sensitive sueng-mai-me-kwam-ru-suek

 

hardener

N สารที่ ทำให้ แข็ง ขึ้น 

 

hardening

N การแข็งตัว  kan-kang-tua

 

hardhack

N ต้นไม้ พวก  Spiraea tomentosa

 

hardhead

N คนที่ ฉลาด สุขุม  คน ดื้อ หัวรั้น 

 

hardheaded

ADJ ดื้อรั้น  ดื้อ  หัวแข็ง  headstrong stubborn willful compliant easygoing due-ran

 

hardhearted

ADJ โหดร้าย  ไร้ ปรา ณี  callous pitiless unfeeling sensitive hod-rai

 

hardihood

N จิตใจ ที่ แข็งกล้า  ความเด็ดเดี่ยว  ความ แข็งแกร่ง  audacity boldness daring jid-jai-ti-kaeng-kla

 

hardiment

N จิตใจ ที่ กล้าแข็ง เด็ดเดี่ยว  ความ แข็งแกร่ง มี กำลังวังชา  hardihood

 

hardiness

N ความ แข็งแกร่ง  ความอดทน  ความกล้าหาญ  braveness courage daring coward craven kwam-kaeng-kraeng

 

hardline

ADJ ที่ ยึดมั่น ใน หลักการ  ti-yued-man-nai-lak-kan

 

hardly

ADV ด้วย ความยากลำบาก  ด้วย ความเจ็บปวด  duai-kwam-yak-lam-bak

 

hardly

ADV แทบจะ ไม่  เกือบจะ ไม่  เกือบ ไม่  barely scarcely greatly tab-ja-mai

 

hardness

N ความ กระด้าง (ของ น้ำ  kwam-kra-dang

 

hardness

N ความทนทาน  ความ แข็งแกร่ง ความ แข็งแกร่ง  kwam-ton-tan

 

hardness

N ความลำบาก  ความยากลำบาก  ความทรหด  kwam-lam-bak

 

hardness

N ความแข็ง  compactness firmness solidity kwam-kaeng

 

hardpan

N ชั้นดิน ที่ แข็ง 

 

hardship

N ความทุกข์ยาก  ความยากลำบาก  ความลำบาก  ความขาดแคลน  ความยากจน  adversity difficulty kwam-tuk-yak

 

hardtack

N ขนมปัง แข็ง ที่ เป็น เสบียง ของ ทหาร  pilot bread sea biscuit ship biscuit ka-nom-pang-kaeng-ti-pen-sa-biang-kong-tha-han

 

hardware

N อุปกรณ์ คอมพิวเตอร์  อุปกรณ์ อิ เล็ก โทร นิกส์  ฮาร์ดแวร์  u-pa-kon-kom-pil-tor

 

hardware

N เครื่องมือ ที่ ทำ ด้วย เหล็ก  เครื่องมือ ที่ ทำ ด้วย โลหะ  krueang-mue-ti-tam-duai-lek

 

hardwood

ADJ ซึ่ง ทำ จาก ไม้เนื้อแข็ง  sueng-tam-jak-mai-nuea-kaeng

 

hardwood

N ไม้เนื้อแข็ง  sueng tham chak mai nuea khaeng

 

hardworking

ADJ ขยัน  หมั่นเพียร  บากบั่น  พากเพียร  ตัวเป็นเกลียว  industrious laborious ka-yan

 

hardy

ADJ ทรหด  อดทน  robust vigorous ill sickly tor-la-hod

 

hardy

ADJ ใจกล้า  เด็ดเดี่ยว  jai-kar

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

HARD

a. 1. Firm; solid; compact; not easily penetrated, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.
2. Difficult; not easy to the intellect.
In which are some things hard to be understood. 2 Peter 3:16.
The hard causes they brought to Moses. Exodus 18:26.
3. Difficult of accomplishment; not easy to be done or executed. A hard task; a disease hard to cure.
Is any thing too hard for the Lord? Genesis 18:14.
4. Full of difficulties or obstacles; not easy to be traveled; as a hard way.
5. Painful; difficult; distressing.
Rachel travailed, and she had hard labor. Genesis 35:16.
6. Laborious; fatiguing; attended with difficulty or pain, or both; as hard work or labor; hard duty; hard service.
7. Oppressive; rigorous; severe; cruel; as hard bondage; a hard master. Exodus 1:14; Isaiah 14:3.
8. Unfeeling; insensible; not easily moved by pity; not susceptible of kindness, mercy or other tender affections; as a hard heart.
9. Severe; harsh; rough; abusive.
Have you given him any hard words of late?
1 . Unfavorable; unkind; implying blame of another; as hard thoughts.
11. Severe; rigorous; oppressive. The enemy was compelled to submit to hard terms. So we say, a hard bargain; hard conditions.
12. Unreasonable; unjust. It is hard to punish a man for speculative opinions. It is a hard case.
13. Severe; pinching with cold; rigorous; tempestuous; as a hard winter; hard weather.
14. Powerful; forcible; urging; pressing close on.
The stag was too hard for the horse.
The disputant was too hard for his antagonist.
15. Austere; rough; acid; sour; as liquors.
The cider is hard.
16. Harsh; stiff; forced; constrained; unnatural.
Others--make the figures harder than the marble itself.
His diction is hard, his figures too bold.
17. Not plentiful; not prosperous; pressing; distressing; as hard times, when markets are bad, and money of course scarce.
18. Avaricious; difficult in making bargains; close. Matthew 25:24.
19. Rough; of coarse features; as a hard face or countenance.
2 . Austere; severe; rigorous.
21. Rude; unpolished or unintelligible.
A people of hard language. Ezekiel 3:5-6.
22. Coarse; unpalatable or scanty; as hard fare.

 

HARD

adv. Close; near; as in the phrase, hard by. In this phrase, the word retains its original sense of pressed, or pressing. [L. pressus.]
1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; laboriously; earnestly; vehemently; importunately; as, to work hard for a living.
And pray'd so hard for mercy from the prince.
2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard.
3. Uneasily; vexatiously.
4. Closely; so as to raise difficulties.
The question is hard set.
5. Fast; nimbly; rapidly; vehemently; as, to run hard, that is, with pressure or urgency.
6. Violently; with great force; tempestuously; as, the wind blows hard, or it blows hard.
7. With violence; with a copious descent of water; as, it rains hard.
8. With force; as, to press hard.
Hard-a-lee, in seamen's language, an order to put the helm close to the lee side of the ship, to tack or keep her head to the wind; also, that situation of the helm.
Hard-a-weather, an order to put the helm close to the weather or windward side of the ship; also, that position of the helm.
Hard-a-port, an order to put the helm close to the larboard side of a ship.
Hard-a-starboard, an order to put the helm close to the starboard side of a ship.

 

HARD-BESETTING

a.Closely besetting or besieging.

 

HARDBOUND

a.Costive; fast or tight; as hardbound brains.

 

HARDEARNED

a.Earned with toil and difficulty.

 

HARDEN

v.t.h `ardn. To make hard or more hard; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden iron or steel; to harden clay. 1. To confirm in effrontery; to make impudent; as, to harden the face.
2. To make obstinate, unyielding or refractory; as, to harden the neck. Jeremiah 19:15.
3. To confirm in wickedness, opposition or enmity; to make obdurate.
Why then do ye harden your hearts, as Pharaoh and the Egyptians hardened their hearts? 1 Samuel 6:6.
So God is said to harden the heart, when he withdraws the influences of his spirit from men, and leaves them to pursue their own corrupt inclinations.
4. To make insensible or unfeeling; as, to harden one against impressions of pity or tenderness.
5. To make firm; to endure with constancy.
I would harden myself in sorrow. Job 6:1 .
6. To inure; to render firm or less liable to injury, by exposure or use; as, to harden to a climate or to labor.

 

HARDEN

v.i.h `ardn. To become hard or more hard; to acquire solidity or more compactness. Mortar hardens by drying. 1. To become unfeeling.
2. To become inured.
3. To indurate, as flesh.

 

HARDENED

pp. Made hard, or more hard or compact; made unfeeling; made obstinate; confirmed in error or vice.

 

HARDENER

n.He or that which makes hard, or more firm and compact.

 

HARDENING

ppr. Making hard or more compact; making obdurate or unfeeling; confirming; becoming more hard.

 

HARDENING

n.The giving a greater degree of hardness to bodies than they had before.

 

HARDFAVORED

a.Having coarse features; harsh of countenance.

 

HARDFAVOREDNESS

n.Coarseness of features.

 

HARDFEATURED

a.Having coarse features.

 

HARDFISTED

a.Close fisted; covetous.

 

HARDFOUGHT

a.Vigorously contested; as a hard-fought battle.

 

HARDGOTTEN

a.Obtained with difficulty.

 

HARDHANDED

a.Having hard hands, as a laborer.

 

HARDHEAD

n.Clash or collision of heads in contest.

 

HARDHEARTED

a.Cruel; pitiless; merciless; unfeeling; inhuman; inexorable.

 

HARDHEARTEDNESS

n.Want of feeling or tenderness; cruelty; inhumanity.

 

HARDIHOOD

n.[See Hardy and Hood. ] Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; dauntless bravery; intrepidity. It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity.
Hardihead and hardiment, in the sense of hardihood, are obsolete.

 

HARDILY

adv. With great boldness; stoutly. 1. With hardship; not tenderly.

 

HARDINESS

n. 1. Boldness; firm courage; intrepidity; stoutness; bravery; applied to the mind, it is synonymous with hardihood.
2. Firmness of body derived from laborious exercises.
3. Hardship; fatigue.
4. Excess of confidence; assurance; effrontery.

 

HARD-LABORED

a.Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studies; as a hard-labored poem.

 

HARDLY

adv. [See Hard. ] With difficulty; with great labor. Recovering hardly what he lost before.
1. Scarcely; barely; almost not.
Hardly shall you find any one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good.
2. Not quite or wholly. The object is so distant we can hardly see it. The veal is hardly done. The writing is hardly completed.
3. Grudgingly, as an injury.
4. Severely; unfavorably; as, to think hardly of public measures.
5. Rigorously; oppressively. The prisoners were hardly used or treated.
6. Unwelcomely; harshly.
Such information comes very hardly and harshly to a grown man.
7. Coarsely; roughly; not softly.
Heaven was her canopy, bare earth her bed;
So hardly lodged.

 

HARD-MOUTHED

a.Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as a hard-mouthed horse.

 

HARDNESS

n.[See Hard. ] Firmness; close union of the component parts; compactness; solidity; the quality of bodies which resists impression; opposed to softness and fluidity. 1. Difficulty to be understood.
2. Difficulty to be executed or accomplished; as the hardness of an enterprise.
3. Scarcity; penury; difficulty of obtaining money; as the hardness of the times.
4. Obduracy; impenitence; confirmed state of wickedness; as hardness of heart.
5. Coarseness of features; harshness of look; as hardness of favor.
6. Severity of cold; rigor; as the hardness of winter.
7. Cruelty of temper; savageness; harshness.
The blame
May hang upon your hardness.
8. Stiffness; harshness; roughness; as the hardnesses of sculpture.
9. Closeness; niggardliness; stinginess.
1 . Hardship; severe labor, trials or sufferings.
Endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. 2 Timothy 2:3.

 

HARDNIBBED

a.Having a hard nib or point.

 

HARDOCK

n.Probably hoardock, dock with whitish leaves.

 

HARDS

n.The refuse or coarse part of flax; tow.

 

HARDSHIP

n.Toil; fatigue; severe labor or want; whatever oppresses the body. 1. Injury; oppression; injustice.

 

HARDVISAGED

a.Having coarse features; of a harsh countenance.

 

HARDWARE

n.Wares made of iron or other metal, as pots, kettles, saws, knives, etc.

 

HARDWAREMAN

n.A maker or seller of hardwares.

 

HARDY

a. 1. Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolute; intrepid.
Who is hardy enough to encounter contempt?
2. Strong; firm; compact.
An unwholesome blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric.
3. Confident; full of assurance; impudent; stubborn to excess.
4. Inured to fatigue; rendered firm by exercise, as a veteran soldier.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

HARD

Hard, a. [Compar. Harder; superl. Hardest.] Etym: [OE. heard, AS. heard; akin to OS. & D. heard, G. hart, OHG. harti, Icel. har, Dan. haard, Sw. hård, Goth. hardus, Gr. ,, strength, and also to E. -ard, as in coward, drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf. Skr. kratu strength, to do, make. Gf. Hardy. ]

 

1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.

 

2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard problem. The hard causes they brought unto Moses. Ex. xviii. 26. In which are some things hard to be understood. 2 Peter iii. 16.

 

3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure.

 

4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful. The stag was too hard for the horse. L'Estrange. A power which will be always too hard for them. Addison.

 

5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms. I never could drive a hard bargain. Burke.

 

6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character.

 

7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style. Figures harder than even the marble itself. Dryden.

 

8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider.

 

9. (Pron. ) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another; - said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished from the same letters in center, general, etc.

 

1 . Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard tone.

 

11. (Painting ) (a ) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. (b ) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade. Hard cancer, Hard case, etc. See under Cancer, Case, etc. -- Hard clam, or Hard-shelled clam (Zoöl.), the guahog. -- Hard coal, anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous or soft coal. -- Hard and fast. (Naut. ) See under Fast. -- Hard finish (Arch. ), a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering. -- Hard lines, hardship; difficult conditions. -- Hard money, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money. -- Hard oyster (Zoöl.), the northern native oyster. [Local, U. S.] - - Hard pan, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan. -- Hard rubber. See under Rubber. -- Hard solder. See under Solder. -- Hard water, water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness, 3.- Hard wood, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc. - In hard condition, in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles;-said of race horses.

 

Syn. -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See Solid, and Arduous.

 

HARD

Hard, adv. Etym: [OE. harde, AS. hearde.]

 

1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly. And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden. My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak.

 

2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard.

 

3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly. Shak.

 

4. So as to raise difficulties. " The guestion is hard set ". Sir T. Browne.

 

5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press, to blow, to rain hard; hence, rapidly; as, to run hard.

 

6. Close or near. Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii.7. Hard by, near by; close at hand; not far off. "Hard by a cottage chimney smokes." Milton. -- Hard pushed, Hard run, greatly pressed; as, he was hard pushed or hard run for time, money, etc. [Colloq. ] -- Hard up, closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources; as, hard up for amusements. [Slang ]

 

Note: Hard in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard! Hard alee! Hard aweather up! Hard is also often used in composition with a participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned; hard-working; hard- won.

 

HARD

HARD Hard, v. t.

 

Defn: To harden; to make hard. [Obs. ] Chaucer.

 

HARD

HARD Hard, n.

 

Defn: A ford or passage across a river or swamp.

 

HARDBAKE

HARDBAKE Hard "bake `, n.

 

Defn: A sweetmeat of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with almonds, and flavored with orange or lemon juice, etc. Thackeray.

 

HARDBEAM

HARDBEAM Hard "beam `, n. (Bot. )

 

Defn: A tree of the genus Carpinus, of compact, horny texture; hornbeam.

 

HARDEN

Hard "en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hardened; p. pr. & vb. n. Hardening. ]Etym: [OE. hardnen, hardenen.]

 

1. To make hard or harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden clay or iron.

 

2. To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with constancy; to strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm in wickedness or shame; to make unimpressionable. "Harden not your heart. " Ps. xcv. 8. I would harden myself in sorrow. Job vi. 1 .

 

HARDEN

HARDEN Hard "en, v. i.

 

1. To become hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more compactness; as, mortar hardens by drying. The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln ] has hardened into tradition. The Century.

 

2. To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a good or a bad sense. They, hardened more by what might most reclaim. Milton.

 

HARDENED

HARDENED Hard "ened, a.

 

Defn: Made hard, or compact; made unfeeling or callous; made obstinate or obdurate; confirmed in error or vice.

 

Syn. -- Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling; unsusceptible; insensible. See Obdurate.

 

HARDENER

HARDENER Hard "en *er, n.

 

Defn: One who, or that which, hardens; specif. , one who tempers tools.

 

HARDENING

HARDENING Hard "en *ing, n.

 

1. Making hard or harder.

 

2. That which hardens, as a material used for converting the surface of iron into steel.

 

HARDER

HARDER Har "der, n. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: A South African mullet, salted for food.

 

HARDERIAN

HARDERIAN Har *de "ri *an, a. (Anat. )

 

Defn: A term applied to a lachrymal gland on the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate.

 

HARD-FAVORED

HARD-FAVORED Hard "-fa `vored, a.

 

Defn: Hard-featured; ill-looking; as, Vulcan was hard-favored. Dryden.

 

HARDFAVOREDNESS

HARDFAVOREDNESS Hard "fa `vored *ness, n.

 

Defn: Coarseness of features.

 

HARD-FAVOREDNESS

HARD-FAVOREDNESS Hard "-fa `vored *ness, n.

 

Defn: Coarseness of features.

 

HARD-FEATURED

HARD-FEATURED Hard "-fea `tured, a

 

Defn: Having coarse, unattractive or stern features. Smollett.

 

HARDFERN

HARDFERN Hard "fern `, n. (Bot. )

 

Defn: A species of fern (Lomaria borealis ), growing in Europe and Northwestern America.

 

HARD-FISTED

HARD-FISTED Hard "-fist `ed, a.

 

1. Having hard or strong hands; as, a hard-fisted laborer.

 

2. Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly. Bp. Hall.

 

HARD-FOUGHT

Hard "-fought `, a. Vigorously

 

Defn: contested; as, a hard-fought battle.

 

HARD GRASS

HARD GRASS Hard " grass ` (. (Bot. )

 

Defn: A name given to several different grasses, especially to the Roltböllia incurvata, and to the species of Ægilops, from one of which it is contended that wheat has been derived.

 

HARDHACK

HARDHACK Hard "hack ` (, n. (Bot. )

 

Defn: A very astringent shrub (Spiræa tomentosa ), common in pastures. The Potentilla fruticosa in also called by this name.

 

HARD-HANDED

HARD-HANDED Hard "-hand `ed, a.

 

Defn: Having hard hands, as a manual laborer. Hard-handed men that work in Athens here. Shak.

 

HARDHEAD

HARDHEAD Hard "head `, n.

 

1. Clash or collision of heads in contest. Dryden.

 

2. (Zoöl.) (a ) The menhaden. See Menhaden. [Local, U.S.] (b ) Block's gurnard (Trigla gurnardus ) of Europe. (c ) A California salmon; the steelhead. (d ) The gray whale. See Gray whale, under Gray. (e ) A coarse American commercial sponge (Spongia dura ).

 

HARD-HEADED

HARD-HEADED Hard "-head `ed, a.

 

Defn: Having sound judgment; sagacious; shrewd. -- Hard "-head `ed *ness, n.

 

HARD-HEARTED

HARD-HEARTED Hard "-heart `ed, a.

 

Defn: Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless. -- Hard "-heart `ed *ness, n.

 

HARDIHEAD

HARDIHEAD Hard "i *head, n.

 

Defn: Hardihood. [Obs. ]

 

HARDIHOOD

Hard "i *hood, n. Etym: [Hardy + -hood. ]

 

Defn: Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence. A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth. It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity. Buckminster.

 

Syn. -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity; effrontery; impudence.

 

HARDILY

HARDILY Har "di *ly, adv.

 

1. Same as Hardly. [Obs. ] Chaucer.

 

2. Boldly; stoutly; resolutely. Wyclif.

 

HARDIMENT

Har "di *ment, n. Etym: [OF. hardement. See Hardy. ]

 

Defn: Hardihood; boldness; courage; energetic action. [Obs. ] Changing hardiment with great Glendower. Shak.

 

HARDINESS

HARDINESS Har "di *ness, n.

 

1. Capability of endurance.

 

2. Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance. Spenser. Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever Of hardiness is mother. Shak. They who were not yet grown to the hardiness of avowing the contempt of the king. Clarendon.

 

3. Hardship; fatigue. [Obs. ] Spenser.

 

HARDISH

HARDISH Hard "ish, a.

 

Defn: Somewhat hard.

 

HARD-LABORED

HARD-LABORED Hard "-la `bored, a.

 

Defn: Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studied. Swift.

 

HARDLY

Hard "ly, adv. Etym: [AS. heardlice. See Hand. ]

 

1. In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty. Recovering hardly what he lost before. Dryden.

 

2. Unwillingly; grudgingly. The House of Peers gave so hardly theiMilton.

 

3. Scarcely; barely; not guite; not wholly. Hardly shall you one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good. South.

 

4. Severely; harshly; roughly. He has in many things been hardly used. Swift.

 

5. Confidently; hardily. [Obs. ] Holland.

 

6. Certainly; surely; indeed. [Obs. ] Chaucer.

 

HARD-MOUTHED

HARD-MOUTHED Hard "-mouthed `, a.

 

Defn: Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as, a hard- mouthed horse.

 

HARDNESS

Hard "ness, n. Etym: [AS. heardness.]

 

1. The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively. The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory hardness. Sir W. Scott.

 

2. (Min. )

 

Defn: The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched; -measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes.

 

3. (Chem. )

 

Defn: The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit for washing purposes.

 

Note: This quality is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate, causing temporary hardness which can be removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing permanent hardness which can not be so removed, but may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.

 

HARDOCK

HARDOCK Har "dock, n. [Obs. ]

 

Defn: See Hordock.

 

HARDPAN

HARDPAN Hard "pan `, n.

 

Defn: The hard substratum. Same as Hard pan, under Hard, a.

 

HARDS

Hards, n. pl. Etym: [OE. herdes, AS. heordan; akin to G. hede. ]

 

Defn: The refuse or coarse part of fiax; tow.

 

HARD-SHELL

HARD-SHELL Hard "-shell `, a.

 

Defn: Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising; strict. [Collog., U.S.]

 

HARDSHIP

HARDSHIP Hard "ship, n.

 

Defn: That which is hard to hear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc. Swift.

 

HARDSPUN

HARDSPUN Hard "spun `, a.

 

Defn: Firmly twisted in spinning.

 

HARD STEEL

HARD STEEL Hard steel.

 

Defn: Steel hardened by the addition of other elements, as manganese, phosphorus, or (usually ) carbon.

 

HARD-TACK

HARD-TACK Hard "-tack `, n.

 

Defn: A name given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit or sea bread.

 

HARDTAIL

HARDTAIL Hard "tail `, n. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: See Jurel.

 

HARD-VISAGED

HARD-VISAGED Hard "-vis `aged, a.

 

Defn: Of a harsh or stern countenance; hard-featured. Burke.

 

HARDWARE

HARDWARE Hard "ware `, n.

 

Defn: Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like; ironmongery.

 

HARDWAREMAN

Hard "ware `man, n.; pl. Hardwaremen (.

 

Defn: One who makes, or deals in, hardware.

 

HARDY

Har "dy, a. [Compar. Hardier; superl. Hardiest.] Etym: [F.hardi, p. p.fr. OF. hardir to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. hertan to harden, G. härten. See Hard, a.]

 

1. Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolue; intrepid. Hap helpeth hardy man alway. Chaucer.

 

2. Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened; shameless.

 

3. Strong; firm; compact. [A ] blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric. South.

 

4. Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable of endurance; as, a hardy veteran; a hardy mariner.

 

5. Able to withstand the cold of winter.

 

Note: Plants which are hardy in Virginia may perish in New England. Half-hardy plants are those which are able to withstand mild winters or moderate frosts.

 

HARDY

HARDY Har "dy, n.

 

Defn: A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the hardy hole.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

hard

hard |härd hɑrd | adjective 1 solid, firm, and resistant to pressure; not easily broken, bent, or pierced: a hard mattress | ground frozen hard as a rock. (of a person ) not showing any signs of weakness; tough: the hard, tough, honest cop. (of information ) reliable, esp. because based on something true or substantiated: hard facts about the underclass are maddeningly elusive. (of a subject of study ) dealing with precise and verifiable facts: efforts to turn psychology into hard science. (of water ) containing mineral salts that make lathering difficult. (of prices of stock, commodities, etc. ) stable or firm in value. (of science fiction ) scientifically accurate rather than purely fantastic or whimsical: a hard SF novel. (of a consonant ) pronounced as c in cat or g in go . 2 requiring a great deal of endurance or effort: stooping over all day was hard work. putting a lot of energy into an activity: he'd been a hard worker all his life. difficult to bear; causing suffering: times were hard at the end of the war | he'd had a hard life. difficult to understand or solve: this is a really hard question | [ with infinitive ] : she found it hard to believe that he could be involved. not showing sympathy or affection; strict: my father is no longer the hard man he once was. (of a season or the weather ) severe: it's been a long, hard winter. harsh or unpleasant to the senses: the hard light of morning. (of wine ) harsh or sharp to the taste, esp. because of tannin. 3 done with a great deal of force or strength: a hard blow to the head. 4 potent, powerful, or intense, in particular: (of liquor ) strongly alcoholic; denoting distilled spirits rather than beer or wine. (of apple cider ) having alcoholic content from fermentation. (of a drug ) potent and addictive. denoting an extreme or dogmatic faction within a political party: the hard left. (of radiation ) highly penetrating. (of pornography ) highly obscene and explicit. adverb 1 with a great deal of effort: they work hard at school. with a great deal of force; violently: it was raining hard. 2 so as to be solid or firm: the mortar has set hard. 3 to the fullest extent possible: put the wheel hard over to starboard. PHRASES be hard on 1 treat or criticize (someone ) severely: you're being too hard on her. 2 be difficult for or unfair to: I think the war must have been hard on her. 3 be likely to hurt or damage: the monitor flickers, which is hard on the eyes. be hard put [ usu. with infinitive ] find it very difficult: you'll be hard put to find a better compromise. give someone a hard time informal deliberately make a situation difficult for someone. go hard with dated turn out to (someone's ) disadvantage: it would go hard with the poor. hard and fast (of a rule or a distinction made ) fixed and definitive: it is impossible to lay down any hard and fast rules. hard as nails see nail. hard at it informal busily working or occupied: they were hard at it with brooms and mops. hard by close to: he lived hard by the cathedral. hard done by Brit. harshly or unfairly treated: she would be justified in feeling hard done by. hard feelings [ usu. with negative ] feelings of resentment: there are no hard feelings, and we wish him well. hard going difficult to understand or enjoy: the studying is at times hard going. hard hit badly affected: hard hit by falling oil prices. a hard nut to crack see nut. hard of hearing not able to hear well. hard on (or upon ) close to; following soon after: we followed hard on their tracks. hard up informal short of money: I'm too hard up to buy fancy clothes. the hard way through suffering or learning from the unpleasant consequences of mistakes: his reputation was earned the hard way. play hard to get informal deliberately adopt an aloof or uninterested attitude, typically in order to make oneself more attractive or interesting. DERIVATIVES hard ish adjective ORIGIN Old English hard, heard, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hard and German hart .

 

hardback

hard |back |ˈhɑːdbak | noun a book bound in stiff covers. PHRASES in hardback in an edition bound in stiff covers: the novel was first published in hardback in 1981.

 

hardback

hard back |ˈhärdˌbak ˈhɑrdˌbæk | adjective & noun another term for hardcover.

 

hardball

hard ball |ˈhärdˌbôl ˈhɑrdˌbɔl | noun baseball, esp. as contrasted with softball. informal uncompromising and ruthless methods or dealings, esp. in politics: the leadership played hardball to win the vote.

 

hard-bitten

hard-bit ten |hɑːrdˈbɪtn |(also hardbitten ) adjective tough and cynical: joining the hard-bitten reporting veterans at the presidential debate.

 

hardboard

hard board |ˈhärdˌbôrd ˈhɑrdˌbɔ (ə )rd | noun stiff board made of compressed and treated wood pulp.

 

hardbody

hard bod y |ˈhärdˌbädē ˈhɑrdbɑdi | noun ( pl. hardbodies ) informal a person with very toned or well-developed muscles: you're in the cockpit of a ragtop Testarossa with a tanned, blond hardbody at your side. DERIVATIVES hard bod ied adjective

 

hard-boiled

hard-boiled |ˈhɑrd ˈˌbɔɪld | adjective 1 (of an egg ) boiled until the white and the yolk are solid. 2 (of a person ) tough and cynical. denoting a tough, realistic style of detective fiction set in a world permeated by corruption and deceit: a hard-boiled thriller. DERIVATIVES hard-boil verb hard-boiled ( sense 1 )

 

hard case

hard case noun informal a tough or intractable person.

 

hard cash

hard cash |ˈhɑrd ˈˌkæʃ | noun negotiable coins and paper money as opposed to other forms of payment.

 

hard charger

hard charg er noun someone with an aggressive, domineering personality. (in car racing ) someone who gains a considerably better position during the course of a race.

 

hard cheese

hard cheese noun see cheese 1.

 

hard clam

hard clam noun another term for quahog.

 

hard coal

hard coal noun another term for anthracite.

 

hard-code

hard-code |hɑrd koʊd | verb [ with obj. ] Computing fix (data or parameters ) in a program in such a way that they cannot be altered without modifying the program.

 

hard-cooked

hard-cooked adjective another term for hard-boiled ( sense 1 ).

 

hard copy

hard cop y |ˈˌhɑrd ˈˌkɑpi | noun a printed version on paper of data held in a computer.

 

hard core

hard core |ˈhɑrd ˈˌkɔ (ə )r | noun the most active, committed, or doctrinaire members of a group or movement: there is always a hard core of trusty stalwarts | [ as modifier ] : a hard core following. popular music that is experimental in nature and typically characterized by high volume and aggressive presentation. pornography of an explicit kind: (as modifier hard-core ) : hard-core porn.

 

hard court

hard court noun a tennis court surfaced with asphalt or another hard material: [ as adj. ] : former national hard court champion.

 

hardcover

hard cov er |ˈhärdˌkəvər ˈhɑrdˌkəvər | adjective (of a book ) bound between rigid boards covered in cloth, paper, leather, or film: hardcover and paperback editions. noun a hardcover book. PHRASES in hardcover in a hardcover edition.

 

hard currency

hard cur ren cy |hɑrd ˈkərənsi | noun currency that is not likely to depreciate suddenly or to fluctuate greatly in value.

 

hard disk

hard disk |ˈhɑrd ˈˌdɪsk | noun Computing a rigid nonremovable magnetic disk with a large data storage capacity.

 

hard drive

hard drive |hɑrd draɪv | noun Computing a high-capacity, self-contained storage device containing a read-write mechanism plus one or more hard disks, inside a sealed unit. Also called hard disk drive.

 

hard-earned

hard-earned |ˈˌhɑrd ˈərnd | adjective having taken a great deal of effort to earn or acquire: my few hard-earned dollars mean a lot to my family.

 

Hardecanute

Hardecanute |ˈhɑːdɪkənjuːt | ( c. 1019 –1042 ), Danish king of Denmark 1028 –42 and England 1040 –42, son of King Canute and Emma, daughter of Richard I, Duke of Normandy. Hardecanute's absence in Denmark allowed Canute's illegitimate son Harold, who had been made Regent on Canute's death in 1035, to take the English throne in 1037. Hardecanute became king on Harold's death in 1040.

 

hard-edge

hard-edge adjective of or relating to a style of abstract painting characterized by geometric shapes with sharply defined edges and often in bright colors.

 

hard-edged

hard-edged adjective 1 having sharply defined edges. 2 having an intense, tough, or sharp quality: hard-edged urban films.

 

harden

hard en |ˈhärdn ˈhɑrdn | verb make or become hard or harder: [ no obj. ] : wait for the glue to harden | [ with obj. ] : bricks that seem to have been hardened by firing. make or become more severe and less sympathetic: [ with obj. ] : she hardened her heart. make or become tougher and more clearly defined: [ no obj. ] : suspicion hardened into certainty. [ no obj. ] (of prices of stocks, commodities, etc. ) rise and remain steady at a higher level. PHRASES hardening of the arteries another term for arteriosclerosis. PHRASAL VERBS harden something off inure a plant to cold by gradually increasing its exposure to it. DERIVATIVES hard en er noun

 

hardened

hard ened |ˈhärdnd ˈhɑrdnd | adjective 1 having become or been made hard or harder: hardened steel. strengthened or made secure against attack, esp. by nuclear weapons: the silos are hardened against air attack. 2 [ attrib. ] experienced in a particular job or activity and therefore not easily upset by its more unpleasant aspects: hardened police officers | [ in combination ] : a battle-hardened veteran. utterly fixed in a habit or way of life seen as bad: hardened criminals | a hardened liar.

 

hard error

hard er ror |ˈˌhɑrd ˈɛrər | noun Computing an error or hardware fault causing failure of a program or operating system, esp. one that gives no option of recovery.

 

hard fern

hard fern noun a European fern of heathy places, with long, narrow, leathery fronds consisting of a row of thin lobes on each side of the stem. [Blechnum spicant, family Blechnaceae. ]

 

hardgainer

hard gain er |ˈhärdˈgānər ˌhɑrdˈɡeɪnər | noun (in bodybuilding ) a person who does not find it easy to gain muscle through exercise.

 

hard hat

hard hat |ˈhɑrd ˌhæt | noun a rigid protective helmet, as worn by factory and building workers. informal a worker who wears a hard hat. informal a person with reactionary or conservative views.

 

hardhead

hard head |ˈhärdˌhed ˌhɑrdˈhɛd | noun (also hardhead catfish ) a marine catfish, the male of which incubates the eggs inside its mouth. It occurs along the Atlantic coast of North America. [Arius felis, family Ariidae. ]

 

hardheaded

hard head ed |ˈhärdˌhedid ˌhɑrdˈhɛdəd | adjective practical and realistic; not sentimental: as experienced and hardheaded a bunch of legislators as has ever entered Congress. DERIVATIVES hard head ed ly adverb, hard head ed ness noun

 

hardheads

hard heads |ˈhärdˌhedz ˈhɑrdhɛdz | plural noun [ treated as sing. ] another term for knapweed, esp. the black knapweed.

 

hard-hearted

hard-heart ed |ˈhɑrd ˈˌhɑrdəd | adjective incapable of being moved to pity or tenderness; unfeeling. DERIVATIVES hard-heart ed ly adverb, hard-heart ed ness noun

 

hard-hitting

hard-hit ting |ˈhɑrd ˈhɪdɪŋ | adjective 1 uncompromisingly direct and honest, esp. in revealing unpalatable facts: some of this season's more hard-hitting episodes deal with urban violence. 2 (of an athlete or athletes ) aggressive and physical: the game's grunting, hard-hitting defense.

 

Hardie, Keir

Har ¦die |ˈhɑːdi | (1856 –1915 ), Scottish Labour politician; full name James Keir Hardie. A miner before becoming an MP in 1892, he became the first leader of both the Independent Labour Party (1893 ) and the Labour Party (1906 ).

 

hardihood

har di hood |ˈhärdēˌho͝od ˈhɑrdiˌhʊd | noun dated boldness; daring.

 

hardiness

har di ness |ˈhärdēnis | noun the ability to endure difficult conditions: I applaud you on your hardiness.

 

Harding, Warren Gamaliel

Har ding, Warren Gamaliel |ˈhärdiNG ˈhɑrdɪŋ | (1865 –1923 ), 29th president of the US 1921 –23. A Republican, he served in the US Senate 1915 –21 before becoming president. His administration was marked by corruption and scandal, in particular, the Teapot Dome scandal, in which his secretary of the interior accepted money in return for leasing the Teapot Dome oil reserves in Wyoming to private oil producers. Harding died in office while on a trip to California.

 

hard labor

hard la bor noun heavy manual work as a punishment.

 

hard landing

hard land ing noun a clumsy or rough landing of an aircraft. an uncontrolled landing in which a spacecraft crashes onto the surface of a planet or moon and is destroyed.

 

hard line

hard line |ˈhɑrd ˈˌlaɪn | noun an uncompromising adherence to a firm policy: he is known to take a hard line on sentencing policy for murder. adjective (hard-line ) uncompromising; strict: a hard-line party activist.

 

hard-liner

hard-lin er |hɑːrdˈlaɪnər | noun a member of a group, typically a political group, who adheres uncompromisingly to a set of ideas or policies.

 

hard-luck story

hard-luck sto ry |hɑrd lək ˈstɔri | noun an account of one's problems intended to gain sympathy or help.

 

hardly

hard ly |ˈhärdlē ˈhɑrdli | adverb 1 scarcely (used to qualify a statement by saying that it is true to an insignificant degree ): the little house in which he lived was hardly bigger than a hut | a thing hardly bigger than a credit card | we hardly know each other. only a very short time before: the party had hardly started when the police arrived. only with great difficulty: she could hardly sit up | I nodded, hardly able to breath. no or not (suggesting surprise at or disagreement with a statement ): I hardly think so. 2 archaic harshly: the rule worked hardly. PHRASES hardly any almost no: they sold hardly any books. almost none: hardly any had previous convictions. hardly ever very rarely: we hardly ever see them. usage: 1 Words like hardly, scarcely, and rarely should not be used with negative constructions. Thus, it is correct to say I can hardly wait but incorrect to say I can't hardly wait. This is because adverbs like hardly are treated as if they were negatives, and it is a grammatical rule of standard English that double negatives are not acceptable. Words like hardly behave as negatives in other respects as well, as for example in combining with terms such as any or at all, which normally occur only where a negative is present (thus, standard usage is I've got hardly any money, but not I've got any money ). See also usage at double negative. 2 Hardly. .. than versus hardly. .. when: the conjunction than is best left to work with comparative adjectives and adverbs ( lovelier than; more quickly than ). Consider a construction such as Sheila had hardly recovered from the flu when she lost her beloved beagle: in speech, one might tend to use than as the complement to hardly, but in careful writing, since time is the point, the word to use is when. In a more formal context, however, the idea would be better conveyed: No sooner had Sheila recovered from the flu than she lost her beloved beagle. In this sentence, than does belong because it is the natural conjunction after the comparative adjective sooner. 3 As synonyms, hardly, barely, and scarcely are almost indistinguishable.

 

hardman

hard man |ˈhärdman ˈhɑrdmæn | noun ( pl. hardmen ) informal a tough, aggressive, or ruthless man.

 

hardness

hard ness |härdnis | noun the quality or condition of being hard: people complained about the hardness of the chairs | a lack of mental hardness.

 

hard-nosed

hard-nosed |ˈhɑrd ˈˌnoʊzd | adjective informal realistic and determined; tough-minded: the hard-nosed, tough approach.

 

hard nut

hard nut noun Brit. informal a tough, aggressive, or insensitive person.

 

hard-on

hard-on |ˈhɑr ˌdɑn | noun vulgar slang an erection of the penis.

 

hard pad

hard pad noun [ mass noun ] hardening of the pads of the feet, a symptom of distemper in dogs and other animals.

 

hard palate

hard pal ate noun the bony front part of the palate.

 

hardpan

hard pan |ˈhärdˌpan ˈhɑrdˌpæn | noun a hardened impervious layer, typically of clay, occurring in or below the soil and impairing drainage and plant growth.

 

hard-paste

hard-paste adjective denoting true porcelain made of fusible and infusible materials (usually kaolin and china stone ) fired at a high temperature. Developed in early medieval China, it was not made in Europe until the early 18th century.

 

hard power

hard pow er noun a coercive approach to international political relations, esp. one that involves the use of military power. Compare with soft power.

 

hard-pressed

hard-pressed |ˈhɑrd ˈˌprɛst | adjective 1 closely pursued: the hard-pressed French infantry. 2 burdened with urgent business: training centers are hard-pressed and insufficient in numbers. (also hard pressed ) in difficulties: creating jobs in the hard-pressed construction industry | [ with infinitive ] : many families will be hard pressed to support their elderly relations.

 

hard rock

hard rock |hɑrd rɑk | noun highly amplified rock music with a heavy beat.

 

hard roe

hard roe noun see roe 1.

 

hard sauce

hard sauce noun a sauce of butter and sugar, typically with brandy, rum, or vanilla added.

 

hardscape

hard scape |ˈhärdˌskāp ˈhɑrdskeɪp | noun the nonliving or man-made fixtures of a planned outdoor area: before you begin to implement your plan, consider the hardscape of your ornamental garden.

 

hardscaping

hard scap ing |ˈhärdˌskāpiNG ˈhɑrdˌskeɪpɪŋ | noun the placement of nonplant elements such as fences, walkways, paving, and lighting in a planned outdoor area.

 

hardscrabble

hard scrab ble |ˈhärdˌskrabəl ˌhɑrdˈskræbəl | adjective involving hard work and struggle: her uncle's hardscrabble peanut farm | it was a hardscrabble life in a one-bedroom housing project.

 

hard sell

hard sell |hɑrd sɛl | noun a policy or technique of aggressive salesmanship or advertising: they invited 1,000 participants and gave them the hard sell .

 

hard-shell

hard-shell adjective [ attrib. ] 1 having a hard shell or outer casing: hard-shell helmets. 2 rigid or uncompromising, esp. in fundamentalist religious belief: I am a hard-shell Baptist.

 

hard-shell clam

hard-shell clam noun another term for quahog.

 

hardship

hard ship |ˈhärdˌSHip ˈhɑrdˌʃɪp | noun severe suffering or privation: intolerable levels of hardship | the shared hardships of wartime.

 

hard shoulder

hard shoul |der noun Brit. a hardened strip alongside a motorway for stopping on in an emergency.

 

hardstanding

hard stand ing |ˈhärdˈstandiNG ˈhɑrdstændɪŋ | noun Brit. ground surfaced with a hard material for parking vehicles on.

 

hardstone

hard |stone noun [ mass noun ] precious or semi-precious stone used for intaglio, mosaic work, etc.

 

hard stuff

hard stuff noun (the hard stuff ) informal strong liquor.

 

hardtack

hard tack |ˈhärdˌtak ˈhɑrdtæk | noun hard dry bread or biscuit, esp. as rations for sailors.

 

hardtop

hard top |ˈhärdˌtäp ˈhɑrdˌtɑp | noun a motor vehicle with a rigid roof that in some cases is detachable. a roof of this type.

 

Hardwar

Har dwar variant spelling of Haridwar.

 

hardware

hard ware |ˈhärdˌwe (ə )r ˈhɑrdˌwɛ (ə )r | noun tools, machinery, and other durable equipment: tanks and other military hardware. the machines, wiring, and other physical components of a computer or other electronic system. Compare with software. tools, implements, and other items used in home life and activities such as gardening.

 

hardwearing

hard wear ing |ˈhärdˌwe (ə )riNG ˈhɑrdˌwɛrɪŋ | adjective able to stand much wear: casual loafer shoe with hardwearing sole and heel.

 

hard wheat

hard wheat noun wheat of a variety having a hard grain rich in gluten.

 

hardwired

hard wired |härdˈwī (ə )d ˈhɑrdˌwaɪ (ə )rd | adjective Electronics involving or achieved by permanently connected circuits. informal genetically determined or compelled: fear is hardwired in our brain. DERIVATIVES hard wire verb, hard wir ing noun

 

hardwood

hard wood |ˈhärdˌwo͝od ˈhɑrdˌwʊd | noun 1 the wood from a broadleaved tree (such as oak, ash, or beech ) as distinguished from that of conifers. a tree producing such wood. 2 (in gardening ) mature growth on shrubs and other plants from which cuttings may be taken.

 

hard-working

hard-work ing |hɑrd ˈwərkɪŋ |(also hardworking ) adjective (of a person ) tending to work with energy and commitment; diligent.

 

hardy

har dy |ˈhärdē ˈhɑrdi | adjective ( hardier, hardiest ) robust; capable of enduring difficult conditions. (of a plant ) able to survive outside during winter. DERIVATIVES har di ly |-dəlē |adverb ORIGIN Middle English (in the sense bold, daring ): from Old French hardi, past participle of hardir become bold, of Germanic origin; related to hard .

 

Hardy, Oliver

Har dy, Oliver |ˈhärdē ˈhɑrdi | see Laurel and Hardy.

 

Hardy, Thomas

Har dy, Thomas |ˈhärdē ˈhɑrdi | (1840 –1928 ), English novelist and poet. Much of his work deals with the struggle against the indifferent force that inflicts the sufferings and ironies of life. Notable works: The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886 ), Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891 ), and Jude the Obscure (1896 ).

 

hardy annual

har dy an nu al noun an annual plant that may be sown in the open ground.

 

hardy perennial

har dy per en ni al noun 1 a perennial plant that can survive outside unprotected over the winter. 2 informal a thing that recurs continually or at regular intervals: political humor will always be among the hardy perennials of late-night TV.

 

Oxford Dictionary

hard

hard |hɑːd | adjective 1 solid, firm, and rigid; not easily broken, bent, or pierced: the slate broke on the hard floor | rub the varnish down when it's hard. (of a person ) not showing any signs of weakness; tough: only a handful are hard enough to join the SAS. (of prices of shares, commodities, etc. ) high and stable; firm. 2 done with a great deal of force or strength: a hard whack. 3 requiring a great deal of endurance or effort: airship-flying was pretty hard work | it's hard for drummers these days | [ with infinitive ] : she found it hard to believe that he could be involved. putting a lot of energy into an activity: he'd been a hard worker all his life | everyone has been hard at work. difficult to bear; causing suffering: times were hard at the end of the war | he'd had a hard life. difficult to understand or solve: this is a really hard question. not showing sympathy or affection; strict: he can be such a hard taskmaster. denoting an extreme or dogmatic faction within a political party: the hard left. (of a season or the weather ) severe: it's been a long, hard winter. harsh or unpleasant to the senses: the hard light of morning. (of wine ) harsh or sharp to the taste, especially because of tannin. 4 (of information ) reliable, especially because based on something true or substantiated: hard facts about the underclass are maddeningly elusive. (of a subject of study ) dealing with precise and verifiable facts: efforts to turn psychology into hard science. (of science fiction ) scientifically accurate rather than purely fantastic or whimsical: a hard SF novel. 5 very potent, powerful, or intense, in particular: strongly alcoholic; denoting a spirit rather than beer or wine. (of a drug ) potent and addictive. (of radiation ) highly penetrating. (of pornography ) highly obscene and explicit. 6 (of water ) containing mineral salts that make lathering difficult. 7 (of a consonant ) pronounced as a velar plosive (as c in cat, g in go ). adverb 1 with a great deal of effort: they work hard at school. with a great deal of force; violently: it was raining hard. 2 so as to be solid or firm: the mortar has set hard. 3 to the fullest extent possible: put the wheel hard over to starboard. noun Brit. a road leading down across a foreshore. PHRASES be hard on 1 treat or criticize (someone ) severely: you're being too hard on her. 2 be difficult for or unfair to: it was hard on her, because she had to walk nearly a mile out of her way. 3 be likely to hurt or damage: the monitor flickers, which is hard on the eyes. be hard put ( to it ) [ usu. with infinitive ] find it very difficult: you'll be hard put to find a better compromise. give someone a hard time informal deliberately make a situation difficult for someone. go hard with dated turn out to (someone's ) disadvantage: it would go hard with the poor. hard and fast (of a rule or a distinction made ) fixed and definitive: there are no hard and fast rules about that. hard as nails see nail. hard at it informal busily working or occupied: they were hard at it with brooms and mops. hard by close to: he lived hard by the cathedral. hard done by Brit. harshly or unfairly treated: she would be justified in feeling hard done by. hard feelings [ usu. with negative ] feelings of resentment: there are no hard feelings and we wish him well. hard going difficult to understand or enjoy: the studying is at times hard going. hard hit badly affected: Trinidad had been hard hit by falling oil prices. hard luck (or lines ) Brit. informal used to express sympathy or commiserations: ironic : if you don't like it then hard luck. a hard nut to crack see nut. hard of hearing not able to hear well. hard on (or upon ) close to; following soon after: hard on the heels of Wimbledon comes the Henley Regatta. hard up informal short of money: I'm too hard up to buy fancy clothes. the hard way through suffering or learning from the unpleasant consequences of mistakes: you're going to learn the hard way who you're up against. play hard to get informal deliberately adopt an aloof or uninterested attitude, typically in order to make oneself more attractive or interesting. put the hard word on Austral. /NZ informal ask a favour of (someone ), especially a sexual or financial one. put pressure on (someone ).DERIVATIVES hardish adjective ORIGIN Old English hard, heard, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hard and German hart .

 

hardback

hard |back |ˈhɑːdbak | noun a book bound in stiff covers. PHRASES in hardback in an edition bound in stiff covers: the novel was first published in hardback in 1981.

 

hardball

hard |ball |ˈhɑːdbɔːl | noun [ mass noun ] N. Amer. baseball, especially as contrasted with softball. informal uncompromising and ruthless methods or dealings: the leadership played hardball to win the vote.

 

hard-bitten

hard |bit ¦ten |hɑːdˈbɪt (ə )n | adjective tough and cynical: a hard-bitten war reporter.

 

hardboard

hard |board |ˈhɑːdbɔːd | noun [ mass noun ] stiff board made of compressed and treated wood pulp.

 

hardbody

hard |body noun informal a person with very toned or well-developed muscles. DERIVATIVES hardbodied adjective

 

hard-boiled

hard-boiled adjective 1 (of an egg ) boiled until the white and the yolk are solid. 2 (of a person ) tough and cynical. denoting a tough, realistic style of detective fiction: a hard-boiled thriller.

 

hard case

hard case noun informal 1 a tough or intractable person. 2 Austral. /NZ an amusing or eccentric person.

 

hard cash

hard cash noun [ mass noun ] negotiable coins and banknotes as opposed to other forms of payment.

 

hard charger

hard charg er noun someone with an aggressive, domineering personality. (in car racing ) someone who gains a considerably better position during the course of a race.

 

hard cheese

hard cheese noun see cheese 1.

 

hard clam

hard clam noun another term for quahog.

 

hard coal

hard coal noun another term for anthracite.

 

hard-code

hard-code verb [ with obj. ] Computing fix (data or parameters ) in a program in such a way that they cannot be altered without modifying the program.

 

hard-cooked

hard-cooked adjective North American term for hard-boiled.

 

hard copy

hard copy noun a printed version on paper of data held in a computer.

 

hard core

hard core noun 1 the most active, committed, or doctrinaire members of a group or movement: there is always a hard core of trusty stalwarts | [ as modifier ] : a hard-core following. 2 (usu. hardcore ) [ mass noun ] popular music that is experimental in nature and typically characterized by high volume and aggressive presentation. pornography of a very explicit kind: [ as modifier ] : hard-core porn. 3 [ mass noun ] Brit. broken bricks, rubble, or similar solid material used as a filling or foundation in building.

 

hard court

hard court noun a tennis court surfaced with asphalt or another hard material: [ as adj. ] : former national hard court champion.

 

hardcover

hard |cover |ˈhɑːdkʌvə | adjective & noun chiefly N. Amer. another term for hardback.

 

hard currency

hard cur |rency noun [ mass noun ] currency that is not likely to depreciate suddenly or to fluctuate greatly in value.

 

hard disk

hard disk noun Computing a rigid non-removable magnetic disk with a large data storage capacity.

 

hard doer

hard doer noun see doer.

 

hard drive

hard drive noun a disk drive used to read from and write to a hard disk.

 

hard-earned

hard-earned adjective having taken a great deal of effort to earn or acquire: her hard-earned money.

 

Hardecanute

Hardecanute |ˈhɑːdɪkənjuːt | ( c. 1019 –1042 ), Danish king of Denmark 1028 –42 and England 1040 –42, son of King Canute and Emma, daughter of Richard I, Duke of Normandy. Hardecanute's absence in Denmark allowed Canute's illegitimate son Harold, who had been made Regent on Canute's death in 1035, to take the English throne in 1037. Hardecanute became king on Harold's death in 1040.

 

hard-edge

hard-edge adjective of or relating to a style of abstract painting characterized by geometric shapes with sharply defined edges and often in bright colors.

 

hard-edged

hard-edged adjective 1 having sharply defined edges. 2 having an intense, tough, or sharp quality: hard-edged urban films.

 

harden

hard ¦en |ˈhɑːd (ə )n | verb make or become hard or harder: [ no obj. ] : wait for the glue to harden | [ with obj. ] : bricks which seem to have been hardened by firing. make or become more severe and less sympathetic: [ with obj. ] : she hardened her heart. make or become tougher and more clearly defined: [ no obj. ] : suspicion hardened into certainty | [ with obj. ] : this served only to harden the resolve of the island nations. [ no obj. ] (of prices of shares, commodities, etc. ) rise and remain steady at a higher level. PHRASES hardening of the arteries another term for arteriosclerosis. PHRASAL VERBS harden something off inure a plant to cold by gradually increasing its exposure to it. DERIVATIVES hardener noun

 

hardened

hard |ened |ˈhɑːdənd | adjective 1 having become or been made hard or harder: hardened steel. strengthened or made secure against attack, especially by nuclear weapons: the silos are hardened against air attack. 2 [ attrib. ] very experienced in a particular job or activity and therefore not easily upset by its more unpleasant aspects: hardened police officers | [ in combination ] : a battle-hardened veteran. utterly fixed in a habit or way of life seen as bad: hardened criminals | a hardened liar.

 

hard error

hard error noun Computing an error or hardware fault causing failure of a program or operating system, especially one that gives no option of recovery.

 

hard fern

hard fern noun a European fern of heathy places, which has long, narrow leathery fronds consisting of a row of thin lobes on each side of the stem. Blechnum spicant, family Blechnaceae.

 

hardgainer

hard |gain ¦er noun (in bodybuilding ) a person who does not find it easy to gain muscle through exercise.

 

hard hat

hard hat noun a rigid protective helmet, as worn by factory and building workers. informal a worker who wears a hard hat. N. Amer. informal a reactionary or conservative person.

 

hardhead

hard head |ˈhärdˌhed ˌhɑrdˈhɛd | noun (also hardhead catfish ) a marine catfish, the male of which incubates the eggs inside its mouth. It occurs along the Atlantic coast of North America. [Arius felis, family Ariidae. ]

 

hard-headed

hard-headed adjective practical and realistic; not sentimental: a hard-headed businessman. DERIVATIVES hard-headedly adverb, hard-headedness noun

 

hardheads

hardheads |ˈhɑːdhɛdz |(also hardhead |ˈhɑːdhɛd |) plural noun [ treated as sing. ] Brit. another term for knapweed.

 

hard-hearted

hard-hearted adjective incapable of being moved to pity or tenderness; unfeeling. DERIVATIVES hard-heartedly adverb, hard-heartedness noun

 

hard-hitting

hard-hitting adjective uncompromisingly direct and honest, especially in revealing unpalatable facts: a hard-hitting anti-fox-hunting poster.

 

Hardie, Keir

Har ¦die |ˈhɑːdi | (1856 –1915 ), Scottish Labour politician; full name James Keir Hardie. A miner before becoming an MP in 1892, he became the first leader of both the Independent Labour Party (1893 ) and the Labour Party (1906 ).

 

hardihood

hardi |hood |ˈhɑːdɪhʊd | noun [ mass noun ] dated boldness; daring.

 

hardiness

hardi |ness |ˈhɑːdɪnɪs | noun [ mass noun ] the ability to endure difficult conditions: I applaud you on your hardiness. the ability of a plant to survive outside during winter.

 

Harding, Warren

Hard |ing |ˈhɑːdɪŋ | (1865 –1923 ), American Republican statesman, 29th President of the US 1921 –3; full name Warren Gamaliel Harding.

 

hard labour

hard la ¦bour noun [ mass noun ] heavy manual work as a punishment.

 

hard landing

hard land |ing noun 1 an uncontrolled landing in which a spacecraft crashes on to the surface of a planet or moon and is destroyed. 2 the slowing down of economic growth at an unacceptable degree relative to inflation and unemployment.

 

hard line

hard line noun an uncompromising adherence to a firm policy: he is known to take a hard line on sentencing policy for murder. adjective uncompromising; strict: a hard-line party activist.

 

hardliner

hard |liner noun a member of a group, typically a political group, who adheres uncompromisingly to a set of ideas or policies.

 

hard-luck story

hard-luck story noun an account of one's problems intended to gain someone else's sympathy or help.

 

hardly

hard ¦ly |ˈhɑːdli | adverb 1 scarcely (used to qualify a statement by saying that it is true to an insignificant degree ): the little house in which he lived was hardly bigger than a hut | a thing hardly bigger than a credit card | we hardly know each other. only a very short time before: the party had hardly started when the police arrived. only with great difficulty: she could hardly sit up | I nodded, hardly able to breath. no or not (suggesting surprise at or disagreement with a statement ): I hardly think so. 2 archaic harshly: the rule worked hardly. PHRASES hardly any almost no: they sold hardly any books. almost none: hardly any had previous convictions. hardly ever very rarely: we hardly ever see them. usage: Words like hardly, scarcely, and rarely should not be used with negative constructions. Thus, it is correct to say I can hardly wait but incorrect to say I can't hardly wait. This is because adverbs like hardly are treated as if they were negatives, and it is a well-known grammatical rule of standard English that double negatives (i.e. in this case having hardly and not in the same clause ) are not acceptable. Words like hardly behave as negatives in other respects as well, as for example in combining with words like any or at all, which normally only occur where a negative is present (thus, standard usage is I've got hardly any money but not I've got any money ). See also usage at double negative .

 

hardman

hardman |ˈhɑːdman | noun ( pl. hardmen ) informal a tough, aggressive, or ruthless man.

 

hardness

hard |ness |ˈhɑːdnəs | noun [ mass noun ] the quality or condition of being hard: people complained about the hardness of the chairs | a lack of mental hardness.

 

hard-nosed

hard-nosed adjective informal realistic and determined; tough-minded: a hard-nosed businessman.

 

hard nut

hard nut noun Brit. informal a tough, aggressive, or insensitive person.

 

hard-on

hard-on noun vulgar slang an erection of the penis.

 

hard pad

hard pad noun [ mass noun ] hardening of the pads of the feet, a symptom of distemper in dogs and other animals.

 

hard palate

hard pal ¦ate noun the bony front part of the palate.

 

hardpan

hard |pan |ˈhɑːdpan | noun [ mass noun ] Geology a hardened impervious layer, typically of clay, occurring in or below the soil and impairing drainage and plant growth.

 

hard-paste

hard-paste adjective denoting true porcelain made of fusible and infusible materials (usually kaolin and china stone ) fired at a high temperature. Developed in early medieval China, it was not made in Europe until the early 18th century.

 

hard power

hard power noun [ mass noun ] a coercive approach to international political relations, especially one that involves the use of military power. Compare with soft power.

 

hard-pressed

hard-pressed adjective 1 closely pursued: the hard-pressed French infantry. 2 burdened with urgent business: training centres are hard-pressed and insufficient in numbers. in difficulties: [ with infinitive ] : the staff were hard-pressed to give even basic care.

 

hard rock

hard rock noun [ mass noun ] highly amplified rock music with a heavy beat.

 

hard roe

hard roe noun see roe 1.

 

hard sauce

hard sauce noun [ mass noun ] a sauce of butter and sugar, typically with brandy, rum, or vanilla added.

 

hardscape

hardscape |ˈhɑːdskeɪp | noun [ mass noun ] chiefly US the man-made features used in landscape architecture, e.g. paths or walls, as contrasted with vegetation. DERIVATIVES hardscaping noun

 

hardscrabble

hard |scrab ¦ble |hɑːdˈskrabl | adjective N. Amer. involving hard work and struggle: a brutally hardscrabble life. ORIGIN early 19th cent.: originally as a noun in the sense place thought of as the epitome of barrenness .

 

hard sell

hard sell noun (often the hard sell ) a policy or technique of aggressive salesmanship or advertising: they invited 1,000 participants and gave them the hard sell .

 

hard-shell

hard-shell adjective [ attrib. ] 1 having a hard shell or outer casing: a hard-shell suitcase. 2 chiefly N. Amer. rigid or uncompromising.

 

hardshell clam

hard |shell clam noun another term for quahog.

 

hardship

hard |ship |ˈhɑːdʃɪp | noun [ mass noun ] severe suffering or privation: intolerable levels of hardship | [ count noun ] : the shared hardships of wartime.

 

hard shoulder

hard shoul |der noun Brit. a hardened strip alongside a motorway for stopping on in an emergency.

 

hardstanding

hard |stand ¦ing |ˈhɑːdstandɪŋ | noun [ mass noun ] Brit. ground surfaced with a hard material for parking vehicles on.

 

hardstone

hard |stone noun [ mass noun ] precious or semi-precious stone used for intaglio, mosaic work, etc.

 

hard stuff

hard stuff noun (the hard stuff ) informal strong alcoholic drink.

 

hard tack

hard tack noun [ mass noun ] archaic hard dry bread or biscuit, especially as rations for sailors or soldiers.

 

hardtop

hard |top |ˈhɑːdtɒp | noun 1 a motor vehicle with a rigid roof which in some cases is detachable. a rigid roof on a motor vehicle. 2 (also hardtop road ) Canadian a metalled road.

 

Hardwar

Hardwar variant spelling of Haridwar.

 

hardware

hard |ware |ˈhɑːdwɛː | noun [ mass noun ] 1 tools, machinery, and other durable equipment: high-tech military hardware. tools, implements, and other items used in home life and activities such as gardening. 2 the machines, wiring, and other physical components of a computer or other electronic system. Compare with software.

 

hard-wearing

hard-wearing adjective able to stand much wear: a hard-wearing fabric.

 

hard wheat

hard wheat noun [ mass noun ] wheat of a variety having a hard grain rich in gluten.

 

hardwired

hard-wired adjective Electronics involving or achieved by permanently connected circuits rather than software. informal genetically determined or compelled: fear is hardwired in our brain. DERIVATIVES hardwire verb, hardwiring noun

 

hardwood

hard |wood |ˈhɑːdwʊd | noun [ mass noun ] 1 the wood from a broadleaved tree (such as oak, ash, or beech ) as distinguished from that of conifers. [ count noun ] a broadleaved tree that produces hardwood. 2 (in gardening ) mature growth on shrubs and other plants.

 

hard-working

hard-working adjective (of a person ) tending to work with energy and commitment; diligent.

 

hardy

hardy |ˈhɑːdi | adjective ( hardier, hardiest ) capable of enduring difficult conditions; robust: a hardy breed of cattle. (of a plant ) able to survive outside during winter. DERIVATIVES hardily adverb ORIGIN Middle English (in the sense bold, daring ): from Old French hardi, past participle of hardir become bold , of Germanic origin; related to hard .

 

Hardy, Oliver

Hardy |ˈhɑːdi | see Laurel and Hardy.

 

Hardy, Thomas

Hardy |ˈhɑːdi | (1840 –1928 ), English novelist and poet. Much of his work deals with the struggle against the indifferent force that inflicts the sufferings and ironies of life. Notable novels: The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886 ), Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891 ), and Jude the Obscure (1896 ).

 

hardy annual

hardy an ¦nual noun an annual plant that may be sown in the open ground.

 

hardy perennial

hardy per |en ¦nial noun 1 a perennial plant which can survive in the open all year. 2 Brit. informal a thing that recurs continually or at regular intervals: quiz shows, those hardy perennials of TV and radio.

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

hard

hard adjective 1 hard ground: firm, solid, rigid, stiff, resistant, unbreakable, inflexible, impenetrable, unyielding, solidified, hardened, compact, compacted, dense, close-packed, compressed; steely, tough, strong, stony, rocklike, flinty, as hard as stone; frozen; literary adamantine. ANTONYMS soft. 2 hard physical work: arduous, strenuous, tiring, fatiguing, exhausting, wearying, back-breaking, grueling, heavy, laborious; difficult, taxing, exacting, testing, challenging, demanding, punishing, tough, formidable, onerous, rigorous, uphill, Herculean; informal murderous, killing, hellish; formal exigent; archaic toilsome. ANTONYMS easy. 3 hard workers: diligent, hard-working, industrious, sedulous, assiduous, conscientious, energetic, keen, enthusiastic, zealous, earnest, persevering, persistent, unflagging, untiring, indefatigable; studious. ANTONYMS lazy. 4 a hard problem: difficult, puzzling, perplexing, baffling, bewildering, mystifying, knotty, thorny, problematic, complicated, complex, intricate, involved; insoluble, unfathomable, impenetrable, incomprehensible, unanswerable. ANTONYMS simple. 5 times are hard: harsh, grim, difficult, bad, bleak, dire, tough, austere, unpleasant, uncomfortable, straitened, spartan; dark, distressing, painful, awful. ANTONYMS comfortable. 6 a hard taskmaster: strict, harsh, firm, severe, stern, tough, rigorous, demanding, exacting; callous, unkind, unsympathetic, cold, heartless, hard-hearted, unfeeling; intransigent, unbending, uncompromising, inflexible, implacable, stubborn, obdurate, unyielding, unrelenting, unsparing, grim, ruthless, merciless, pitiless, cruel; standing no nonsense, ruling with a rod of iron. ANTONYMS kind, easygoing. 7 a hard winter: bitterly cold, cold, bitter, harsh, severe, bleak, freezing, icy, icy-cold, arctic. ANTONYMS mild. 8 a hard blow: forceful, heavy, strong, sharp, smart, violent, powerful, vigorous, mighty, hefty, tremendous. ANTONYMS light, gentle. 9 hard facts: reliable, definite, true, confirmed, substantiated, undeniable, indisputable, unquestionable, verifiable. ANTONYMS unverified, questionable. 10 hard cider: alcoholic, strong, intoxicating, potent; formal spirituous. ANTONYMS nonalcoholic. 11 hard drugs: addictive, habit-forming; strong, harmful. adverb 1 George pushed the door hard: forcefully, forcibly, roughly, powerfully, strongly, heavily, sharply, vigorously, energetically, with all one's might, with might and main. ANTONYMS gently. 2 they worked hard: diligently, industriously, assiduously, conscientiously, sedulously, busily, enthusiastically, energetically, doggedly, steadily; informal like mad, like crazy. 3 this prosperity has been hard won: with difficulty, with effort, after a struggle, painfully, laboriously. ANTONYMS easily. 4 her death hit him hard: severely, badly, acutely, deeply, keenly, seriously, profoundly, gravely; formal grievously. ANTONYMS slightly. 5 it was raining hard: heavily, strongly, in torrents, in sheets; steadily; informal cats and dogs, buckets. ANTONYMS lightly. 6 my mother looked hard at me: closely, attentively, intently, critically, carefully, keenly, searchingly, earnestly, sharply. ANTONYMS casually. PHRASES hard and fast get used to it the curfew here is hard and fast: definite, fixed, set, strict, rigid, binding, clear-cut, cast-iron, ironclad; inflexible, immutable, unchangeable, incontestable. hard by close to, right by, beside, near (to ), nearby, not far from, a stone's throw from, on the doorstep of; informal within spitting distance of, [a hop, skip, and jump away from ]. hard feelings I had no idea that our separation had left him with such hard feelings: resentment, animosity, ill feeling, ill will, bitterness, bad blood, resentfulness, rancor, malice, acrimony, antagonism, antipathy, animus, friction, anger, hostility, hate, hatred. hard up informal this administration ignores the families that are hard up: poor, short of money, badly off, impoverished, impecunious, in reduced circumstances, unable to make ends meet; penniless, destitute, poverty-stricken; informal broke, strapped for cash, strapped.

 

hard-bitten

hard-bitten adjective a hard-bitten FBI agent: hardened, tough, cynical, unsentimental, hardheaded, case-hardened, as tough as nails; informal hard-nosed, hard-edged, hard-boiled. ANTONYMS sentimental.

 

hard-boiled

hard-boiled adjective informal See hard-bitten.

 

hard-core

hard-core adjective hard-core fans of the sport: diehard, staunch, dedicated, committed, steadfast, dyed-in-the-wool, long-standing; hardline, extreme, entrenched, radical, intransigent, uncompromising, rigid.

 

harden

harden verb 1 this glue will harden in four hours: solidify, set, congeal, clot, coagulate, stiffen, thicken, cake, cure, inspissate; freeze, crystallize; ossify, calcify, petrify. ANTONYMS liquefy. 2 their suffering had hardened them: toughen, desensitize, inure, case-harden, harden someone's heart; deaden, numb, benumb, anesthetize; brutalize. ANTONYMS soften.

 

hardened

hardened adjective 1 he was hardened to the violence he had seen: inured, desensitized, deadened; accustomed, habituated, acclimatized, used. 2 a hardened criminal: inveterate, seasoned, habitual, chronic, compulsive, confirmed, dyed-in-the-wool; incorrigible, incurable, irredeemable, unregenerate. WORD TOOLKIT See incorrigible . Word Toolkits illustrate the difference between close synonyms by means of words typically used with them.

 

hardheaded

hardheaded adjective a hardheaded jurist: unsentimental, practical, pragmatic, businesslike, realistic, sensible, rational, clear-thinking, coolheaded, down-to-earth, matter-of-fact, no-nonsense, with both feet on the ground; tough, hard-bitten; shrewd, astute, sharp, sharp-witted; informal hard-nosed, hard-edged, hard-boiled. ANTONYMS idealistic, sentimental.

 

hard-hearted

hard-hearted adjective he's not nearly as hard-hearted as he pretends to be: unfeeling, heartless, cold, hard, callous, unsympathetic, uncaring, unloving, unconcerned, indifferent, unmoved, unkind, uncharitable, unemotional, cold-hearted, cold-blooded, mean-spirited, stony-hearted, having a heart of stone, as hard as nails, cruel. ANTONYMS compassionate.

 

hard-hitting

hard-hitting adjective a hard-hitting ad campaign: uncompromising, blunt, forthright, frank, honest, direct, tough; critical, unsparing, strongly worded, straight-talking, pulling no punches, not mincing one's words, not beating around /about the bush.

 

hardiness

hardiness noun in New England, you should select plants for their hardiness: robustness, strength, toughness, ruggedness, sturdiness, resilience, stamina, vigor; healthiness, good health. ANTONYMS frailty.

 

hardline

hardline adjective his perceived links to hardline loyalists: uncompromising, strict, extreme, tough, diehard, immoderate, inflexible, intransigent, firm, intractable, unyielding, undeviating, unwavering, single-minded, not giving an inch; rare indurate. ANTONYMS moderate, flexible.

 

hardly

hardly adverb we hardly know each other: scarcely, barely, only just, slightly.

 

hard-nosed

hard-nosed adjective informal hard-nosed reporters: tough-minded, unsentimental, no-nonsense, hardheaded, hard-bitten, pragmatic, realistic, down-to-earth, practical, rational, shrewd, astute, businesslike; informal hard-boiled, hard-edged. ANTONYMS sentimental.

 

hard-pressed

hard-pressed adjective 1 the hard-pressed infantry: under attack, hotly pursued, harried. 2 the hard-pressed construction industry: in difficulties, under pressure, troubled, beleaguered, harassed, with one's back to /against the wall, in a tight corner, in a tight spot, between a rock and a hard place; overburdened, overworked, overloaded, stressed-out; informal up against it.

 

hardship

hardship noun by age six, she was a refugee and no stranger to hardship: privation, deprivation, destitution, poverty, austerity, penury, want, need, neediness, impecuniousness; misfortune, distress, suffering, affliction, trouble, pain, misery, wretchedness, tribulation, adversity, trials, trials and tribulations, dire straits; literary travails. ANTONYMS prosperity, ease.

 

hardware

hardware noun our garage became the receptacle for all his father's hardware: equipment, apparatus, gear, paraphernalia, tackle, kit, machinery; tools, articles, implements, instruments, appliances.

 

hard-working

hard-working adjective even the hard-working employees got stiffed at bonus time: diligent, industrious, conscientious, assiduous, sedulous, painstaking, persevering, unflagging, untiring, tireless, indefatigable, studious; keen, enthusiastic, zealous, busy, with one's shoulder to the wheel, with one's nose to the grindstone. ANTONYMS lazy.

 

hardy

hardy adjective our tiny frail baby has grown into a strapping hardy man: robust, healthy, fit, strong, sturdy, tough, rugged, hearty, lusty, vigorous, hale and hearty, fit as a fiddle, fighting fit, in fine fettle, in good health, in good condition; dated stalwart. ANTONYMS delicate.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

hard

hard adjective 1 the ground was as hard as a rock: firm, solid, dense, rigid, stiff, resistant, unbreakable, inflexible, unpliable, impenetrable, unyielding, solidified, hardened, compact, compacted, steely, tough, strong, stony, rock-like, flinty, close-packed, compressed, as hard as iron, as hard as stone; frozen; rare adamantine, unmalleable, renitent. ANTONYMS soft. 2 it was hard physical work: arduous, strenuous, tiring, fatiguing, exhausting, wearying, back-breaking, gruelling, heavy, laborious; difficult, taxing, exacting, testing, challenging, demanding, punishing, tough, formidable, onerous, rigorous, uphill, Herculean; informal murderous, killing, hellish; Brit. informal knackering; rare toilsome, exigent. ANTONYMS easy. 3 hard workers: diligent, hard-working, industrious, sedulous, assiduous, conscientious, energetic, keen, enthusiastic, zealous, earnest, persevering, persistent, unflagging, untiring, indefatigable; studious. ANTONYMS lazy. 4 we have a hard problem to solve: difficult, puzzling, perplexing, baffling, bewildering, mystifying, knotty, thorny, ticklish, problematic, enigmatic, complicated, complex, intricate, involved, tangled, insoluble, unfathomable, impenetrable, incomprehensible, unanswerable; informal spiny, mind-bending; N. Amer. informal gnarly; rare insolvable, wildering. ANTONYMS simple. 5 times are hard and jobs are scarce: harsh, grim, difficult, bad, bleak, dire, tough, austere, unpleasant, disagreeable, uncomfortable, intolerable, unendurable, unbearable, insupportable; straitened, spartan, dark, severe, distressing, painful, awful. ANTONYMS comfortable; luxurious. 6 he can be such a hard taskmaster: strict, harsh, firm, severe, stern, tough, rigorous, demanding, exacting, unkind, unfriendly, unsympathetic, cold, heartless, hard-hearted, cold-hearted, unfeeling, intransigent, unbending, uncompromising, inflexible, intolerant, implacable, stubborn, obdurate, unyielding, unrelenting, unsparing, lacking compassion, grim, ruthless, merciless, oppressive, tyrannical, pitiless, callous, cruel, vicious, unjust, unfair; standing no nonsense, ruling with a rod of iron; informal hard-boiled; Austral. /NZ informal solid. ANTONYMS easy-going; kind. 7 a hard winter: bitterly cold, cold, bitter, harsh, severe, extreme, bleak, freezing, icy, icy-cold, arctic, polar, Siberian, glacial. ANTONYMS mild. 8 a hard blow to the head: forceful, heavy, strong, sharp, smart, violent, powerful, vigorous, mighty, hefty, tremendous. ANTONYMS light. 9 hard facts about the underclass are maddeningly elusive: reliable, definite, true, actual, confirmed, undeniable, indisputable, unquestionable, verifiable; plain, cold, bare, bold, harsh, unvarnished, unembellished. ANTONYMS unverified. 10 they do not touch hard liquor: alcoholic, strong, intoxicating, inebriating, stiff, potent, spirituous, vinous, intoxicant. ANTONYMS non-alcoholic; low-alcohol. 11 hard drugs: addictive, habit-forming, causing dependency; strong, harmful, narcotic. ANTONYMS soft. PHRASES hard and fast there are no hard-and-fast rules about this: definite, fixed, set, strict, rigid, binding, stringent, rigorous, clear-cut, cast-iron, established, inflexible, immutable, unalterable, invariable, unvarying, unchangeable, unchanging, incontestable, incontrovertible, uncompromising. ANTONYMS flexible. hard feelings I had no hard feelings about being fired: resentment, animosity, ill feeling, ill feelings, ill will, bitterness, bad blood, resentfulness, rancour, malice, acrimony, antagonism, antipathy, animus, friction, anger, hostility, hate, hatred. ANTONYMS goodwill. adverb 1 George pushed her hard away from him: forcefully, forcibly, fiercely, roughly, powerfully, strongly, strenuously, heavily, sharply, vigorously, intensely, energetically, with all one's might, with might and main, with vigour, with force, with great effort. ANTONYMS gently. 2 they work hard at school: diligently, industriously, assiduously, conscientiously, sedulously, busily, intensely, enthusiastically, energetically, earnestly, persistently, doggedly, steadily, indefatigably, untiringly, all out, with application, with perseverance; informal like mad, like crazy, like billy-o. ANTONYMS lackadaisically. 3 this prosperity has been hard won: with difficulty, with effort, after a struggle, painfully, arduously, laboriously. ANTONYMS easily. 4 her death hit him hard: severely, badly, intensely, harshly, acutely, deeply, keenly, seriously, profoundly, violently, forcefully, grievously, gravely. ANTONYMS slightly. 5 it was raining hard: heavily, strongly, intensely, in torrents, in sheets, cats and dogs; steadily; Brit. informal buckets, bucketloads, stair rods; N. Amer. informal pitchforks. ANTONYMS lightly. 6 my mother looked hard at me: closely, attentively, intently, critically, carefully, keenly, searchingly, earnestly, sharply, scrutinizingly. ANTONYMS casually. PHRASES hard by a little shop, hard by the St Paul Hotel: close to, right by, close by, beside, near, near to, nearby, not far from, a short distance from, a step away from, a stone's throw from, on the doorstep of, in the vicinity of, in the neighbourhood of, round the corner from, within easy reach of, adjacent to; informal within spitting distance of, within sniffing distance of, {a hop, skip, and a jump away from }. ANTONYMS far from. hard on /upon his banishment followed hard on the quarrel: soon after, hard on the heels of, quickly after, promptly after, shortly after, immediately after, directly after, straight after, right after, a short time after, without delay after. ANTONYMS long after. hard up informal I'm too hard up to buy fancy clothes: poor, short of money, short of cash, impoverished, impecunious, in financial difficulties, financially embarrassed, financially distressed, in reduced circumstances, in straitened circumstances, unable to make ends meet; penniless, moneyless, destitute, poverty-stricken, bankrupt, in the red, without a sou, without means of support; informal broke, stony broke, flat broke, bust, on one's beam-ends; Brit. informal skint, cleaned out, strapped for cash, on one's uppers, not having two pennies /farthings to rub together, in Queer Street, without a shot in one's locker, without a brass farthing; N. Amer. informal stone broke, without a red cent. ANTONYMS rich. WORD LINKS hard sclero- related prefix, as in sclerosis, scleroderma Word Links sections supply words that are related to the headword but do not normally appear in a thesaurus because they are not actual synonyms.

 

hard-bitten

hard-bitten adjective a hard-bitten war reporter: hardened, tough, cynical, hard-headed, callous, as hard as nails, unsentimental, lacking sentiment, world-weary, case-hardened, toughened by experience; informal hard-nosed, hard-boiled, as tough as old boots; rare indurate, indurated. ANTONYMS sentimental.

 

hard-boiled

hard-boiled adjective informal a hard-boiled undercover agent: cynical, tough, hardened, hard-bitten, hard-headed, callous, as hard as nails, unsentimental, lacking sentiment, world-weary, case-hardened, toughened by experience; informal hard-nosed, as tough as old boots; rare indurate, indurated. ANTONYMS sentimental.

 

hard-core

hard-core adjective a hard-core following: diehard, staunch, dedicated, committed, steadfast, hard-line, dyed-in-the-wool, long-standing; extreme, entrenched, radical, intransigent, uncompromising, rigid; informal deep-dyed. ANTONYMS moderate.

 

harden

harden verb 1 this glue will harden in four hours: solidify, set, become hard, become solid, congeal, clot, coagulate, stiffen, thicken, cake, freeze, bake, crystallize; strengthen, reinforce; technical anneal, vulcanize, ossify, petrify; rare indurate, inspissate, gelatinize. ANTONYMS liquefy. 2 their suffering had hardened them: toughen, desensitize, inure, make insensitive, make tough, make unfeeling, case-harden, harden someone's heart; deaden, numb, benumb, anaesthetize; brutalize, make callous; rare indurate. ANTONYMS soften.

 

hardened

hardened adjective 1 he was hardened to the violence he had seen and inflicted: inured, desensitized, deadened, accustomed, habituated, acclimatized, used; coarsened; rare indurate. ANTONYMS unaccustomed. 2 a hardened criminal: inveterate, seasoned, habitual, chronic, compulsive, confirmed, accustomed, dyed-in-the-wool; through and through; incorrigible, incurable, irredeemable, impenitent, unreformable, unregenerate, reprobate, obdurate, shameless. ANTONYMS infrequent. 3 the silos are hardened against air attack: strengthened, fortified, reinforced, toughened, thickened; literary girded; rare embastioned. ANTONYMS unfortified. WORD TOOLKIT hardened See incorrigible . Word Toolkits illustrate the difference between close synonyms by means of words typically used with them.

 

hard-headed

hard-headed adjective a hard-headed businessman: unsentimental, practical, pragmatic, businesslike, realistic, sensible, rational, tough, clear-thinking, cool-headed, hard-bitten, down-to-earth, matter-of-fact, no-nonsense, with one's /both feet on the ground; shrewd, astute, sharp, sharp-witted; informal hard-nosed, hard-boiled. ANTONYMS idealistic.

 

hard-hearted

hard-hearted adjective only the most hard-hearted man would not have offered comfort: unfeeling, heartless, cold, hard, unsympathetic, uncaring, unloving, unconcerned, indifferent, intolerant, unmoved, unkind, uncharitable, unemotional, stony, cold-hearted, cold-blooded, lacking compassion, mean-spirited, without sentiment, stony-hearted, with a heart of stone, hard as nails; cruel, brutal, callous, savage, inhuman, merciless, pitiless. ANTONYMS compassionate.

 

hard-hitting

hard-hitting adjective the campaign against speeding included a hard-hitting television advertisement: uncompromising, blunt, forthright, frank, honest, direct, tough; critical, condemnatory, unsparing, strongly worded, straight-talking, all out, pulling no punches, no holds barred, not mincing one's words, not beating about the bush; informal upfront, straight from the shoulder. ANTONYMS mild.

 

hardihood

hardihood noun dated the soldiers showed great hardihood and endurance. See bravery.

 

hardiness

hardiness noun this breed is renowned for its hardiness: robustness, healthiness, strength, toughness, vigour, ruggedness, sturdiness, resilience, stamina, good health. ANTONYMS frailty.

 

hard-line

hard-line adjective a hard-line nationalist: uncompromising, strict, diehard, extreme, tough, inflexible, immoderate, intransigent, intractable, unyielding, undeviating, unwavering, single-minded, not giving an inch; rare indurate. ANTONYMS moderate.

 

hardly

hardly adverb 1 we hardly know each other | Dad had hardly got a word out before she cut him off: scarcely, barely, only just, not much, faintly, narrowly, slightly, rarely, little; by a very small margin, by the narrowest of margins, by the skin of one's teeth, by a hair's breadth, by a nose; almost not, not quite; informal by a whisker. ANTONYMS fully. 2 she could hardly sit up straight: only with difficulty, barely, scarcely, only with effort, only just, almost not; Brit. informal at a push. ANTONYMS easily.

 

hardness

hardness noun 1 the hardness of the ground: firmness, solidity, stiffness, rigidity, denseness, inflexibility, inelasticity, resistance. ANTONYMS softness. 2 there was a core of calculating hardness to this man: hard-heartedness, heartlessness, cold-heartedness, lack of compassion, lack of feeling, lack of sentiment, callousness, unkindness, flintiness, steeliness; harshness, severity, strictness, sternness, toughness. ANTONYMS compassion, kindness.

 

hard-nosed

hard-nosed adjective informal hard-nosed businessmen: tough-minded, unsentimental, down-to-earth, no-nonsense, hard-headed, hard-bitten, pragmatic, clear-thinking, realistic, practical, rational, shrewd, astute, businesslike; informal hard-boiled. ANTONYMS sentimental.

 

hard-pressed

hard-pressed adjective 1 the hard-pressed French infantry: under attack, closely pursued, hotly pursued, harried, hounded. 2 organizations that are hard-pressed financially: in difficulties, under pressure, under stress, troubled, beleaguered, harassed, with one's back to the wall, with one's back up against the wall, in a tight corner, in a tight spot, between a rock and a hard place; busy, overburdened, overworked, overloaded, overtaxed, rushed off one's feet; N. Amer. at the end of one's rope; informal pushed, up against it. ANTONYMS untroubled.

 

hardship

hardship noun the world depression caused severe hardship: privation, deprivation, destitution, poverty, austerity, penury, want, need, neediness, beggary, impecuniousness, impecuniosity, financial distress; misfortune, distress, suffering, affliction, trouble, pain, misery, wretchedness, tribulation, adversity, disaster, ruin, ruination, calamity; trials, trials and tribulations, dire straits; informal hassle; literary travails. ANTONYMS prosperity; ease.

 

hardware

hardware noun tanks and other military hardware: equipment, apparatus, gear, paraphernalia, tackle, kit, machinery; tools, articles, implements, instruments, appliances, gadgets; informal stuff, things; Brit. informal clubber, gubbins; rare equipage.

 

hard-wearing

hard-wearing adjective a hard-wearing fabric: durable, strong, tough, resilient, lasting, solid, stout, rugged, long-lasting, made to last, well made, wear-resistant, heavy-duty, strongly made; rare infrangible. ANTONYMS delicate; flimsy.

 

hard-working

hard-working adjective loyal and hard-working employees: diligent, industrious, conscientious, assiduous, sedulous, painstaking, persevering, unflagging, untiring, tireless, indefatigable, studious; energetic, keen, enthusiastic, zealous, busy, with one's shoulder to the wheel, with one's nose to the grindstone; archaic laborious. ANTONYMS lazy. CHOOSE THE RIGHT WORD hard-working, diligent, industrious Hard-working is the most general term but is typically applied to people in paid work (you can search for an honest, hard-working mechanic in your area ). Diligent describes a careful, conscientious person (such as a pupil, teacher, parent, or student ) or their actions (such as research, enquiries, practice, or a search ). A diligent person typically works hard from a sense of duty or dedication (she had been diligent about her piano lessons | skilled and diligent nursing staff ). industrious conveys an impression of worthiness (she wanted energetic, industrious people around her ), being commonly used alongside energetic, loyal, sober, or obedient. These notes show fine distinctions in meaning between closely related synonyms to help you find the best word.

 

hardy

hardy adjective a couple of hardy outdoor types | hardy trees and shrubs: robust, healthy, fit, strong, sturdy, tough, rugged, hearty, lusty, vigorous, hale and hearty, fit as a fiddle, fighting fit, in fine fettle, in good health, in good condition; Brit. in rude health; dated stalwart. ANTONYMS delicate; tender.

 

Duden Dictionary

Hardangerarbeit

Har dan ger ar beit Substantiv, feminin , die |H a rdangerarbeit |die Hardangerarbeit; Genitiv: der Hardangerarbeit, Plural: die Hardangerarbeiten nach der norwegischen Landschaft Hardanger Durchbruchstickerei in grobem Gewebe mit quadratischer Musterung

 

Hardangerfiedel

Har dan ger fie del Substantiv, feminin , die |H a rdangerfiedel |die Hardangerfiedel; Genitiv: der Hardangerfiedel, Plural: die Hardangerfiedeln volkstümliches norwegisches Streichinstrument mit vier Griff- und vier Resonanzsaiten

 

Hardbop

Hard bop , Hard Bop Substantiv, maskulin , der Hard Bop |H a rdbop H a rd Bop ˈhɑːdbɔp ˈhɑːdbɔp |der Hardbop; Genitiv: des Hardbop [s ], Plural: die Hardbops der Hard Bop; Genitiv: des Hard Bop [s ], Hard Bops englisch hardbop, gebildet nach Bebop , zu: hard = hart (zu Beginn der 1950er -Jahre entstandener ) Jazzstil, der stilistisch eine Fortsetzung, gleichzeitig jedoch eine Glättung und zum Teil Vereinfachung des Bebop darstellt

 

Hardcopy

Hard co py , Hard Co py Substantiv, feminin EDV , die Hard Copy |ˈhaːɐ̯tkɔpi ˈhaːɐ̯tkɔpi |die Hardcopy; Genitiv: der Hardcopy, Plural: die Hardcopys die Hard Copy; Genitiv: der Hard Copy, Hard Copys englisch, eigentlich = feste (im Sinne von »gegenständliche «) Kopie Ausdruck 1b von im Computer gespeicherten Daten oder Texten über einen Drucker 2 oder Plotter (im Unterschied zur Softcopy )

 

Hardcore

Hard core Substantiv, maskulin , der |ˈhaːɐ̯tkɔː |der Hardcore; Genitiv: des Hardcores, Plural: die Hardcores 1 englisch hard core = harter Kern Physik [vermuteter ] harter innerer Kern von Elementarteilchen Hardcore sein salopp hart, mühevoll, nicht leicht zu bewältigen sein 2 Kurzwort für: Hardcoreporno

 

Hardcorefilm

Hard core film Substantiv, maskulin , der Hardcoreporno

 

Hardcoreporno

Hard core por no Substantiv, maskulin , der pornografischer Film, in dem geschlechtliche Vorgänge zum Teil in Großaufnahme und mit genauen physischen Details gezeigt werden Kurzform: Hardcore 2

 

Hardcourt

Hard court , Hard Court Substantiv, maskulin Tennis , der Hard Court |H a rdcourt H a rd Court …kɔːt …kɔːt |der Hardcourt; Genitiv: des Hardcourts, Plural: die Hardcourts der Hard Court; Genitiv: des Hard Courts, Hard Courts englisch Hartplatz

 

Hardcover

Hard co ver Substantiv, Neutrum Verlagswesen , das |ˈhaːɐ̯tkavɐ |das Hardcover; Genitiv: des Hardcovers, Plural: die Hardcovers englisch, aus: hard = hart, fest und Cover Buch mit festem Einbanddeckel

 

Hardcovereinband

Hard co ver ein band , Hard co ver-Ein band Substantiv, maskulin Buchwesen , der Hardcover-Einband fester Einbanddeckel bei Büchern

 

Harddisk

Hard disk , Hard Disk Substantiv, feminin EDV , die Hard Disk |H a rddisk H a rd Disk |die Harddisk; Genitiv: der Harddisk, Plural: die Harddisks die Hard Disk; Genitiv: der Hard Disk, Hard Disks englisch englische Bezeichnung für: Festplatte

 

Harddrink

Hard drink , Hard Drink Substantiv, maskulin , der Hard Drink |H a rddrink H a rd Drink |der Harddrink; Genitiv: des Harddrinks, Plural: die Harddrinks der Hard Drink; Genitiv: des Hard Drinks, Hard Drinks englisch aus: hard = stark (wirkend ) und Drink hochprozentiges alkoholisches Getränk

 

Hard Drug

Hard Drug Substantiv, feminin Jargon , die |ˈhaːɐ̯t ˈdrag |die Hard Drug; Genitiv: der Hard Drug, Hard Drugs englisch, eigentlich = harte Droge Rauschgift, das süchtig macht z. B. Heroin

 

Harde

Har de Substantiv, feminin , die |H a rde |die Harde; Genitiv: der Harde, Plural: die Harden früher in Schleswig-Holstein Verwaltungsbezirk von mehreren Dörfern oder Höfen

 

Hardedge

Hard edge Substantiv, feminin Kunstwissenschaft , die |ˈhaːɐ̯t |ɛd͜ʃ |die Hardedge; Genitiv: der Hardedge englisch hard-edge (painting ), aus: hard edge = harte Kante (und painting = Malerei )Richtung in der modernen Malerei, die klare geometrische Formen und kontrastreiche Farben verwendet

 

Hard-Edge-Malerei

Hard-Edge-Ma le rei , Hard edge-Ma le rei Hard edge ma le rei Substantiv, feminin Kunstwissenschaft , die Hardedge-Malerei Hardedgemalerei |ˈhaːɐ̯t |ɛd͜ʃ … ˈhaːɐ̯t |ɛd͜ʃ …ˈhaːɐ̯t |ɛd͜ʃ …|ohne Plural ohne Plural ohne Plural englisch hard-edge painting, aus: hard edge = harte Kante Richtung in der modernen Malerei, die klare geometrische Formen und kontrastreiche Farben verwendet

 

Hardesvogt

Har des vogt Substantiv, maskulin früher , der |H a rdesvogt |Amtsvorsteher einer Harde

 

Hardi

Har di , Har dy Eigenname Hardy |H a rdi H a rdy di |männlicher Vorname

 

Hardliner

Hard li ner Substantiv, maskulin , der |ˈhaːɐ̯tla͜inɐ |der Hardliner; Genitiv: des Hardliners, Plural: die Hardliner englisch hard-liner, zu: hard = hart und line = Linie 8 Vertreter eines harten [politischen ] Kurses die wenigen Hardliner wurden überstimmt

 

Hardlinerin

Hard li ne rin Substantiv, feminin , die die Hardlinerin; Genitiv: der Hardlinerin, Plural: die Hardlinerinnen weibliche Form zu Hardliner

 

Hardrock

Hard rock , Hard Rock Substantiv, maskulin , der Hard Rock |H a rdrock H a rd Rock |der Hardrock; Genitiv: des Hardrock [s ] der Hard Rock; Genitiv: des Hard Rock [s ] englisch, eigentlich = harter Rock Stilrichtung der Rockmusik, für die sehr einfache harmonische und rhythmische Struktur sowie extreme Lautstärke typisch sind

 

Hardselling

Hard sel ling , Hard Sel ling Substantiv, Neutrum Wirtschaft , das Hard Selling |ˈhaːɐ̯tsɛlɪŋ ˈhaːɐ̯tsɛlɪŋ |das Hardselling; Genitiv: des Hardselling [s ] das Hard Selling; Genitiv: des Hard Selling [s ] Anwendung von aggressiven Verkaufsmethoden

 

Hard Skill

Hard Skill Substantiv, maskulin oder Substantiv, Neutrum Wirtschaft , der oder das |H a rd Skill auch ˈ- ˈskɪl |der oder das Hard Skill; Genitiv: des Hard Skills, Hard Skills englisch hard skills (Plural ), aus: hard = fest, gesichert und skills = Fähigkeiten rein fachliche Qualifikation

 

Hard Stuff

Hard Stuff , Hard stuff Substantiv, maskulin Jargon , der Hardstuff |ˈhaːɐ̯t ˈstaf ˈhaːɐ̯tstaf ˈhaːɐ̯t ˈstaf ˈhaːɐ̯tstaf |der Hard Stuff; Genitiv: des Hard Stuffs, Hard Stuffs der Hardstuff; Genitiv: des Hardstuffs, Plural: die Hardstuffs englisch hard stuff, eigentlich = harter Stoff starkes Rauschgift z. B. Heroin, LSD

 

Hardt

Hardt Substantiv, feminin , die |H a rdt |die Hardt; Genitiv: der Hardt Teil der Schwäbischen Alb

 

Hardtop

Hard top Substantiv, Neutrum oder Substantiv, maskulin , das oder der |H a rdtop |das oder der Hardtop; Genitiv: des Hardtops, Plural: die Hardtops englisch hard-top, aus: hard = fest und top = Verdeck 1 abnehmbares Dach von Sportwagen 2 Sportwagen mit einem abnehmbaren Dach

 

Hardware

Hard ware Substantiv, feminin , die |ˈhaːɐ̯twɛːɐ̯ |die Hardware; Genitiv: der Hardware, Plural: die Hardwares englisch hardware, eigentlich = harte Ware (im Unterschied zur Software ) Gesamtheit der technisch-physikalischen Teile einer Datenverarbeitungsanlage

 

Hardwarehersteller

Hard ware her stel ler Substantiv, maskulin , der |H a rdwarehersteller |Unternehmen, das sich mit der Herstellung von Hardware befasst

 

Hardwareherstellerin

Hard ware her stel le rin Substantiv, feminin , die |H a rdwareherstellerin |weibliche Form zu Hardwarehersteller

 

Hard Word

Hard Word , Hard word Substantiv, Neutrum Sprachwissenschaft , das Hardword |ˈhaːɐ̯t ˈwəːd ˈhaːɐ̯twəːd ˈhaːɐ̯t ˈwəːd ˈhaːɐ̯twəːd |das Hard Word; Genitiv: des Hard Words, Hard Words das Hardword; Genitiv: des Hardwords, Plural: die Hardwords englisch ; »schwieriges Wort «Wort, das aus dem einheimischen, angestammten Wortschatz nicht abgeleitet werden kann und deshalb schwerer erlernbar ist und dem Gedächtnis eher entfällt (z. B. englisch Mund »mouth «, mündlich »oral «)

 

Hardybremse

Har dy brem se Substantiv, feminin , die |H a rdybremse di |die Hardybremse; Genitiv: der Hardybremse, Plural: die Hardybremsen nach dem englischen Ingenieur J. G. Hardy Saugluftbremse für Eisenbahnfahrzeuge

 

French Dictionary

hardes

hardes n. f. pl. nom féminin pluriel Guenilles, vieux vêtements. Note Technique Ce nom est vieilli.

 

hardi

hardi , ie adj. adjectif Audacieux. : Un sauteur hardi. SYNONYME brave ; courageux ; intrépide .

 

hardiesse

hardiesse n. f. nom féminin littéraire Bravoure, courage. : Ces chevaliers ont combattu avec hardiesse. SYNONYME audace ; intrépidité .

 

hardiment

hardiment adv. adverbe 1 Courageusement. : Ils plongèrent hardiment dans l ’eau profonde. 2 Impudemment. : Elle lui répondit un peu hardiment. SYNONYME à la légère .

 

hardware

hardware FORME FAUTIVE Anglicisme pour matériel (informatique ).

 

Spanish Dictionary

hardcore

hardcore nombre masculino 1 Estilo musical surgido en Estados Unidos de América en la década de 1980 como derivación del punk y que se caracteriza por su presentación agresiva, su ritmo tremendamente acelerado, su sonido sucio y la potencia y energía con que se ejecutan las canciones .2 adjetivo De este estilo musical o relacionado con él :disco hardcore; estética hardcore .Es invariable en número .3 nombre masculino Género de cine pornográfico en que las escenas de sexo no son simuladas sino reales .4 adjetivo De este género cinematográfico o relacionado con él :pornografía hardcore .Se pronuncia aproximadamente ‘járcor ’.

 

hardware

hardware nombre masculino Conjunto de elementos físicos o materiales que constituyen una computadora o un sistema informático .ETIMOLOGÍA Préstamo del inglés hardware , compuesto por hard ‘duro ’ y ware , elemento que entra en la formación de muchos términos ingleses con el valor de utensilio, artículos ’. El término fue creado en los años cincuenta por ingenieros informáticos junto a software (V.).Se pronuncia aproximadamente ‘járgüer ’.

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

hard

hard /hɑː r d /〖「 (物が )かたい 」>「困難な 」きびしい 」〗(動 )harden, (名 )hardship 形容詞 er ; est 1 (曲げたり壊れたりしにくく )かたい , 堅固な (soft ) (!肉が 「かたい [柔らかい ]」はtough [tender ]) ▸ a hard bed かたいベッド The plaster will get [go ] hard in a minute .石膏 (せつこう )はすぐに固まるだろう (!get, goは 「〈状態 〉になる 」の意 ) I'd like two eggs, sunny-side up and over hard .目玉焼きを2つ, かための両面焼きでお願いします .2 a. 〈事 物が 〉 «人には /…することが » 難しい , 困難な , わかりにくい «for /to do » (easy ) (!toughと同様にdifficultよりくだけた語で ⦅話 ⦆で好まれる ) ; be hard (for A ) to do 〈事 物が 〉(A 〈人 〉にとって [Aが ])…しにくい ▸ a hard question for me to answer 私には答えにくい難しい質問 .b. it is hard (for A ) to do (A 〈人 〉にとって [Aが ])…するのは難しい (!(1 )コーパス for Aを伴うのは文脈から推定できない場合に限られ1割程度; 構文については easy 1 , for 18 . (2 )╳it is hard that … の構文では用いない; it 代名詞 4a ) It's hard to believe we met for the first time yesterday .我々がきのう初めて会ったばかりだなんて信じがたい ▸ “Will the bank give you a loan? ” “It's hard to say [tell ].”「銀行はお金を貸してくれるの 」「何とも言えないな 」It is hard to get this kind of job now .今この種の職を得るのは困難だ (≒This kind of job is hard to get now. ; easy 1a 語法 (1 ))▸ I find it hard to be [being ] away from family .家族と別れて暮らすのは難しいと思う (!to doの代わりにdoingを従えるのはきわめて まれ ; easy 1b 語法 (2 )) It's hard for me to imagine life without the Internet .インターネットがない生活なんて想像しがたい (!(1 )╳I am hard to imagine … としない. (2 )コーパス しばしばI can't doの控えめ表現として用いられるため, forの後はmeが25 \%を占める ) .3 通例 名詞 の前で 〗(精神的 肉体的に )骨の折れる , 大変な 仕事 日など 〉; 勤勉な 労働者 〉(diligent )(heavy コーパスの窓 )▸ Dreams are possible through a lot of hard work .夢というのは並々ならぬ努力によって実現可能となる What's the hardest thing about being a parent? 親として一番大変なことは何ですか I've had a hard day .大変な1日だった ▸ a hard worker 働き者, がんばり屋 .4 生活 期間などが 〉【人にとって 】困難な , 苦しい , つらい (tough ) «on » (easy )▸ I had a hard time getting up in the morning [with my homework ].朝起きるの [宿題 ]には苦労した (!前者の場合 ╳I had a hard time to get … としない ) My father had a hard life .父は苦しい生活 [つらい人生 ]を送った .5 動作 運動などが 〉力をこめた , 強力 [強烈 ](heavy コーパスの窓 ); 〈人 (の行動 )が 〉 (量 程度の点で )甚だしい She gave his face a hard slap .彼女は彼の顔に強烈な平手打ちを一発見舞った ▸ a hard drinker 大酒飲み (!コーパス heavyの方が普通 ) .6 〈人 表情 声などが 〉冷酷な , 無情な , 冷たい ; 厳しい , 厳格 [頑固 ]give A a hard stare Aをにらみつける .7 ⦅英話 ⦆〈人が 〉恐れを知らない, (けんかが )強い ; こわもての Don't go up against him he's really hard .彼には逆らうな . とてもタフなやつだ .8 名詞 の前で 〗証拠 事実 情報などが 〉厳然たる , 動かしがたい , 信頼できる be based on hard evidence [facts ]厳然たる証拠 [事実 ]に基づいている .9 〈季節などが 〉 (寒さ 暑さの点で )きびしい , 荒れた (mild ); 〈雨 霜などが 〉 (量 強さの点で )ひどい ▸ a hard winter 厳冬 There will be a hard frost in northern areas tonight .今夜北部ではひどい霜が降 (お )りるでしょう .10 a. ⦅くだけて ⦆名詞 の前で 〗(アルコール度の )強い 〈酒 〉(soft ; hard liquor [stuff ]).b. 名詞 の前で 〗中毒 [習慣 ]性の , 強い ; 違法な 〈麻薬など 〉(soft ).c. 〈ワインが 〉渋味が強い (soft ).d. 物理 〈放射線が 〉透過力の高い .e. 〈ポルノが 〉わいせつ度が高い (soft ).11 〈水が 〉硬質の (soft ).12 (比較なし )音声 硬音の (soft ) 〘cが /k /, gが /ɡ /と発音される場合など 〙.13 〈音が 〉耳ざわりな ; 〈色などが 〉どぎつい , けばけばしい ; ⦅主に文 否定的に ⦆〈光 明るさなどが 〉ぎらぎらした, まぶしい .14 〘商 〙硬貨の ; (小切手 クレジットカードではなく )現金の .15 〘商 〙通貨 市価が 〉強気の , 高値安定の (soft ).16 a. 〈取引などが 〉妥協のない , 一歩も譲らない drive [strike ] a hard bargain (強硬に交渉して )有利な取引 [取り決め ]を結ぶ .b. 〈人などが 〉極端な ; 猛烈な , 過度の .17 〈考え方が 〉感情に流されない , 現実的な .18 ミサイル (配備地 )が 〉地下にある .be h rd at it ⦅くだけて ⦆ «…のことで » ひどく忙しい, 忙しく働いて [やって ]いる «on » .be h rd at w rk 1 be hard at it .2 «…の /…する » 仕事に余念がない [一生懸命取り組んでいる ] «on /do ing » .be h rd on A 1 〈人が 〉A 〈人 〉につらく当たる, Aを冷酷に扱う The judge wasn't too hard on him as it was his first offence .初犯だったので裁判官は彼に対してどちらかといえば寛大だった .2 〈物 事が 〉A 〈人 〉に耐え難い, 不公平である ; A 〈人 〉にとって問題になる It's hard on people who don't get a good education .それでは良い教育を受けられない人々にとって不公平である .3 A 〈人 〉に悪影響を与える ; 〈物 事が 〉A 〈物 〉をすぐ痛める, だめにする Jogging can be very hard on the knees .ジョギングをするとひざを痛めやすい .(be ) h rd to t ke [sw llow ]〈事が 〉我慢ならない, 信じられない, 受け入れがたい .(be ) h rd p 1 〈人が 〉あまりお金がない, (経済的に )困っている .2 «…がなくて » 困っている «for » .g h rd 〖通例It goes 【人にとって 】ひどい [不幸な, 耐えがたい ]ことになる «for, with » .h rd and f st 〖通例否定文で 〗〈規則などが 〉厳格な, 動かない .h rd g ing 〈事が 〉 (努力が必要で )難しい, 骨の折れる ; 退屈な .the h rd w y ⦅くだけて ⦆〖副詞的に 〗苦労して, 嫌な思いをして ; 苦い経験から 〈学ぶ 達成するなど 〉; 失敗して ; やっと 〈勝つなど 〉She learned the hard way that she should always lock her car .彼女は痛い目にあって, 車はいつもロックしておくべきということを学んだ .副詞 er ; est (!形容詞 hardの 副詞 は同形のhardで, hardlyは 「ほとんど ない (scarcely )」の意味の 副詞 であることに注意 ) 1 一生懸命に , 骨を折って , 苦労して , 必死に ; やっと , かろうじて study [try, fight ] hard 一生懸命勉強する [努力する, 戦う ]He needs to work harder .彼はもっと身を入れて働くことが必要だ (表現 )swallow hard (緊張して )ぐっとつばを飲み込む .表現 「がんばれ 」とwork harder (Please ) work harder . (もっときちんと仕事をしろ )は現在満足に仕事をしていないことを暗示するので, 「がんばれ 」と励まして勤勉を勧めるときは状況に応じて以下のような表現を使うとよい Hang in there .(踏みとどまって )しっかりやれ Carry on .(そのまま )続けて You've been doing a good job .なかなかよくやっているよ Way to go .⦅米 ⦆その調子 .2 強く , 力をこめて , 激しく なぐる 押すなど 〉hit [kick ] a ball hard ボールを強く打つ [ける ].3 一心に , 注意深く 見る 聞くなど 〉We listened hard but could hear nothing .一心に耳を傾けたが何も聞こえなかった think (long and ) hard 熟慮する .4 (程度 量の点で )ひどく , たくさん , 激しく 〈雨 雪が降るなど 〉; 大いに, 大声で 笑う 泣き叫ぶなど 〉It snowed hard all night .一晩中雪が激しく降った laugh hard 大笑いする .5 急角度で turn hard left [right ]急角度に左折 [右折 ]する .6 固く , しっかりと , 固めて The road surface was frozen hard .路面はかちんかちんに凍っていた .be [feel ] h rd d ne b ⦅英 くだけて ⦆不当 [不公平 ]な扱いを受けている [受けていると感じる ].be h rd h t be h t h rd ひどい影響 [痛手, 打撃 ]を受ける .be h rd on A Aに近い (nearly )It 's hard on twelve noon .そろそろ正午近い .be h rd pr ssed [p shed ] to do be h rd p t (まれ to it ) to do ⦅くだけて ⦆…するのにひどく困る [苦労する ](hard-pressed ).Don't w rk too h rd .1 副詞 1 .2 (別れ際のあいさつとして )無理しないように .h rd and f st しっかりと 〈結ぶなど 〉.h rd b (A )⦅英 古 ⦆(Aの )すぐ近くに [を ].h rd on [⦅よりかたく ⦆upon ] A ⦅英 かたく Aのすぐ後に, 直後に .t ke A h rd ⦅くだけて ⦆A 〈悪い知らせなど 〉にひどく落胆する ; Aを深刻に受け止める (!Aはしばしばit ) .名詞 ⦅英 ⦆1 C (砂地ではなくかたい地面の )荷揚げ場 ; 前浜 (の道路 ).2 ⦅俗 ⦆hard labor .~́ ss ⦅卑 ⦆〖通例単数形で 〗(扱いにくい )頑固者 .~̀ c ndy ⦅米 ⦆ハードキャンディ (⦅英 ⦆boiled sweets ).~̀ c se 1 強情な [御しにくい ]人 .2 ⦅豪 ⦆変わった人 .~̀ c sh (紙幣に対して )硬貨 ; (小切手 クレジットカードなどに対して )現金 .~̀ c der ⦅米 ⦆リンゴ酒 (⦅英 ⦆cider ).~̀ c al 無煙炭 .~̀ c py 〘コンピュ 〙ハードコピー 〘ディスクなどへの出力に対し, 紙に印字した出力 〙.~̀ c re 1 ⦅英 ⦆(運動 団体などの )中核グループ ; 〖単数形で 〗行動 [信念 ]を変えないグループ .2 ⦅英 ⦆(基礎工事などの )砕石, 底石 .~́ c urt (テニスの )ハードコート 〘芝のコートに対して, アスファルトのコートなど 〙.~̀ c rrency (国際的信頼のある )国際 [優良 ]通貨 (soft currency ); ⦅話 ⦆現金 .~̀ d sk 〘コンピュ 〙ハードディスク .~̀ dr nk hard liquor .~́ dr nking 深酒 .~̀ dr ve 〘コンピュ 〙ハードドライブ 〘ハードディスクの入った周辺機器 〙.~̀ dr gs 〖複数扱い 〗(違法の )強い麻薬 〘ヘロイン コカインなど 〙.~̀ f elings 1 (ある出来事をきっかけに起こる ) «…に対する » 怒り, わだかまり «toward » .2 ⦅話 ⦆No .悪気で言ったんじゃありません, 悪く思わないで .~́ h t 1 (作業員用の )保護ヘルメット, 保安帽 ; (保安帽をかぶった )作業員 Hard Hat Area 掲示 保安帽着用区域 .2 頭の固い愛国者 ; 〖形容詞的に 〗保守反動的な .~̀ l bor (囚人の )重労働 .~̀ l nding (ロケットなどの )硬着陸 .~̀ l ft 1 〖a 急角度に曲がる左折 .2 the 極左派 .~̀ l ne 1 強硬路線 (成句 take a hard line ).2 ⦅英 ⦆s 〗不運, 苦境 .~̀ l quor ⦅主に米 ⦆(ウイスキーなどの )強い酒, 蒸留酒 〘アルコール度22.5度以上 〙 (!コーパス strong liquorより普通 ) .~̀ m ney ⦅米 ⦆硬貨 ; hard currency .~̀ n ws (重大事件などの )かたいニュース .~̀ n t 1 ⦅くだけて ⦆(肉体的 精神的に )強い人, 頑健な人 .2 〖a to crackで 〗扱いにくい人 [物 ].~̀ p ck (車などで踏み固められた )圧雪 .~̀ p late 硬口蓋 こうがい .~̀ p rn [porn graphy ]過激なポルノ雑誌 [映画 ], ハードポルノ .~̀ r ght 1 〖a 急角度に曲がる右折 .2 the 極右派 .~̀ r ck ハードロック .~̀ r bber 硬質ゴム .~̀ s uce ハードソース 〘プリンなどにかけるバターと砂糖と香味を混ぜたクリーム状のソース 〙.~̀ s ll 1 強力な売り込み, 押売り (soft sell ).2 売るのが難しい物, 売れない商品 ; ⦅米 ⦆受け入れがたい物 [考え ].3 なかなか買おうとしない人 .~̀ sh ulder ⦅主に英 ⦆〖単数形で 〗(高速道路などの故障車避難用 )硬路肩 (⦅米 ⦆shoulder ).~́ st ff ⦅俗 おどけて ⦆the 強い酒 ; 違法な麻薬 .~̀ w ter 硬水 .~̀ w rd 1 難解な言葉 .2 きつい [怒りの ]言葉 .ness 名詞

 

hard-and-fast

h rd-and-f st 形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗厳格な, 動かせない 〈規則など 〉; 正確な 〈情報など 〉.

 

hardback

h rd b ck 形容詞 名詞 hardcover .

 

hardball

h rd b ll 名詞 U ⦅米 ⦆(ソフトボールに対して )野球 .pl y h rdball ⦅米 くだけて ⦆強硬手段をとる .

 

hard-bitten

h rd-b tten 形容詞 ⦅非難して ⦆〈人が 〉非情な, 頑強な, 冷酷な ; 不屈の ; 強情な ; 現実的な .

 

hardboard

h rd b ard 名詞 U ハードボード, 硬質繊維板 .

 

hard-boiled

h rd-b iled 形容詞 1 〈卵が 〉固ゆでの (soft-boiled ).2 ⦅くだけて ⦆〈人が 〉感傷的でない, 感情を表さない ; 〈文体などが 〉ハードボイルドの, 感情を抑えた ; 現実的な ; 皮肉な .

 

hardbound

h rd b und 形容詞 hardcover .

 

hard-charging

h rd-ch rging 形容詞 出世志向の強い, 野心を抱いた .

 

hard-core

h rd-c re 形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗1 頑固な, 妥協しない, 筋金入りの 〈人 〉.2 露骨な, あけすけな 〈性描写など 〉.~̀ p rn [porn graphy ]ハードコアポルノ .

 

hardcover

h rd c ver 形容詞 名詞 C ⦅主に米 ⦆堅表紙の (本 )(hardback )(paperback )in hardcover ハードカバーで .

 

hard-drinking

h rd-dr nking 形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗大酒飲みの, 酒豪の .

 

hard-earned

h rd- arned 形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗苦労して得た [手に入れた ].

 

hard-edged

h rd- dged 形容詞 猛烈な, 鋭い .

 

harden

hard en /hɑ́ː r d (ə )n /hard 動詞 s /-z /; ed /-d /; ing 他動詞 1 〈人 物が 〉〈物 〉をかたくする , 固める (up )(soften )harden clay 粘土を固める .2 〈体など 〉を強くする , 鍛える .3 〈人 事が 〉 «…に対して » 〈人 (の心 )〉非情 [冷酷 , 頑固 ]にする «against , to , toward » The mother hardened her heart against her son .その母親は息子に対して心を鬼にした .自動詞 1 〈物が 〉かたくなる , 固まる , かたくなって [固まって ] «…に » なる «into » .2 態度 心などが 〉 «…に対して » 頑固 [冷酷 ]になる «toward » .3 〈顔 (の表情 )態度が 〉かたくなる , こわばる .4 〈人が 〉耐えられるようになる .5 〈体が 〉強くなる .6 決心 信念 証拠などが 〉固まる .7 物価 経済状況などが 〉堅調になる , 落ち着く .h rden ff 〈苗木などが 〉戸外の寒気に徐々に慣れる .h rden A ff [ff A ]A 〈苗木など 〉を戸外の寒気に徐々に慣れさせる .

 

hardened

h rd ened 形容詞 1 (経験を積んで )筋金入りの, 非情な ; «…に » 慣れっこになった «to, toward » ▸ a hardened criminal 常習犯 .2 かたくなった, 強化された .3 常連の .

 

hardheaded

h rd h ad ed /-ɪd /形容詞 抜け目のない, 現実的な, 冷静な ; 計算高い ; ⦅主に米 ⦆石頭の, 頑固な, 融通のきかない .ly 副詞 ness 名詞

 

hardhearted

h rd h art ed /-ɪd /形容詞 ⦅非難して ⦆〈人 態度などが 〉無情な, 冷酷な, 無慈悲な .ly 副詞 ness 名詞

 

hard-hitting

h rd-h tting 形容詞 ⦅満足して ⦆通例 名詞 の前で 〗力強い, 積極的な, 効果的な 〈記事など 〉; 痛烈な 〈批判など 〉.

 

hardiness

har di ness /hɑ́ː r dinəs /名詞 U 耐久力, 頑強さ .

 

Harding

Har ding /hɑ́ː r dɪŋ /名詞 ハーディング 〘Warren Gamaliel / ɡəméɪliəl /, 1865 --1923; 米国第29代大統領 (1921 --23 )〙.

 

hard(-)line

h rd (-)l ne 形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗強硬路線の, 妥協しない .

 

hardliner

h rd l ner 名詞 C 通例 s 〗(政党などの )強硬派, 強硬論者 .

 

hard-luck

h rd-l ck 形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗多くの災難に見舞われる, 運に見放された 〈人 地域など 〉.~́ st ry ⦅くだけて ⦆悲しい身の上話, 苦労話 ; お涙ちょうだいの物語 .

 

hardly

hard ly /hɑ́ː r dli /〖語源は 「きびしく 」; 否定の意味は16世紀から 〗副詞 比較なし 1 〖通例any, ever, at allなどを伴って 〗ほとんど ない ; can, be able toを伴って 〗満足に …できない (!行為の困難さを表す ) ▸ I was so shocked that I could [⦅非標準 ⦆could not ] hardly even speak .ショックのあまリ口もきけなかった ▸ I only met her yesterday. I hardly know her .彼女のことは昨日会ったばかりでろくに知らない James Bond hardly needs [needs hardly ] any introduction at all .ジェームズ ボンドについては紹介するまでもない There's hardly anything to do, is [╳isn't ] there? することがほとんどないですよね (!hardlyは否定語なので付加疑問は肯定形 ) She went out with [╳without ] hardly a word of apology .彼女はろくに謝罪もせずに出て行った They looked incredibly young; hardly any older, in fact, than most of the kids .彼らは信じられないくらい幼く見えた, 実際にはその子供たちのほとんどとほぼ同じ年なのに .語法 hardlyの位置 1 第3, 4, 5例のようにhardlyが直後のany +名詞 , anything, およびa +名詞 などを修飾するときを除き, be動詞 最初の 助動詞 の直後, 本動詞の前に置かれる .2 Hardly when [before ]の成句を除き, Hardly have I ever seen such a sight. のような倒置は まれ .コーパスの窓 hardlyとscarcely, barely 1 いずれの語も肯定と否定の境目の事態をさし 「ほとんど ない 」という意味で重なりあうことが多い. 特にhardlyとscarcelyはほぼ交換可能だが, hardlyのほうがはるかに頻度が高い. barelyはHe barely escaped. (彼はかろうじて逃れた )のように肯定的意味合いでも用いられる .2 それぞれの語が典型的に結合する語には差が見られる. a. hardlyとの結びつきが強く, scarcely, barelyとの結合は ⦅比較的まれ ⦆な語 surprising, can wait, likely .b. hardlyとの結合が大半を占めるがscarcely時にはbarelyとの結合も見られる語 any, any-, ever, at all, worth .c. hardly, barelyとの結びつきが強い語 move, know, see, hear, afford .d. barelyとの結びつきが強い語 visible, audible, conscious, perceptible, alive; half, threeなどの数 .2 (しばしば不賛成を表して )とうてい ない , どう見ても … ない (certainly not )It is hardly surprising that he failed .彼が失敗したのも別に不思議ではない This is hardly the place to talk about business .こんなところじゃ仕事の話などできやしないよ I'm eighteen hardly a child .私は18歳で, もう子供なんかじゃない .3 ⦅話 ⦆(相手の発言を否定して )違いますよ ▸ “Is it like a game to you? ” “Well, hardly .”「あなたにはゲームみたいなものですか 」「違いますとも 」.h rdly a d y goes b without [when ] …ほとんど毎日 …する, …しない日はほとんどない Hardly a day went by without thinking of her .彼女のことを考えずに日が暮れることはまずなかった .h rdly ver めったに しない We hardly ever spoke face to face .私たちはめったに面と向かって話したことはなかった (!文頭にくるとその後は倒置 ) .h rdly l ss ほとんど等しく .h rdly [sc rcely ] … wh n [bef re, ⦅くだけて ⦆th n ] ……するとすぐ, …するかしないうちに (!主節の 動詞 は過去完了形, when節の 動詞 は過去形; thanは no sooner than … 構文との混交から使われるようになったが, 避けたほうがよい ) ▸ I had hardly gone to bed when [before ] someone knocked at the door.⦅かたい書 ⦆Hardly had I gone to bed when 寝ようとしたとたんだれかがドアをノックした .

 

hardness

hard ness /hɑ́ː r dnəs /名詞 U 1 かたいこと, かたさ .2 (鉱物 金属 水などの )硬度 .3 困難さ, つらさ, 苛酷さ .4 無情, 冷淡 .5 頑固 .6 強健 .

 

hard-nosed

h rd-n sed 形容詞 ⦅くだけて ⦆通例 名詞 の前で 〗鼻っ柱の強い (hard-bitten ); 情に流されない, 現実的な, 事務的な, ビジネスライクな ; 手がたい .

 

hard-of-hearing

h rd-of-h aring 形容詞 難聴の (deaf ).

 

hard-on

h rd- n 名詞 C ⦅卑 ⦆(ペニスの )勃起 ぼっき .

 

hard-pressed

h rd-pr ssed /-t /形容詞 1 (時間 金などに )せっぱつまって, 苦境の .2 〈人などが 〉 «…するのが » 困難で «to do » The airline would be hard-pressed to make a profit .その航空会社は利益を上げるのは難しいだろう .

 

hardscrabble

h rd scr bble 形容詞 懸命に働いても収入が少ない, 割に合わない, 報われない .

 

hard-sell

h rd-s ll 形容詞 強引に売る ; 押し売り商法の .

 

hardship

hard ship /hɑ́ː r dʃɪ̀p /hard (厳しい )ship (状態 ); hard 名詞 s /-s /C U (金銭の欠乏などによる )苦難 , 苦労 , 困窮 suffer economic hardships 経済的困窮にあえぐ .

 

hardtack

h rd t ck 名詞 U ⦅やや古 ⦆堅パン 〘もと軍や船の糧食 〙.

 

hard-top

h rd-t p 名詞 C ハードトップ (車 ) 〘側窓にセンターピラーのない鋼板屋根の乗用車 〙.

 

hardware

hard ware /hɑ́ː r dwèə r /hard (かたい )ware (陶器 )〗名詞 U 〖集合的に 〗1 ハードウェア (!コンピュータ 宇宙ロケットなど機械装置 機器の総称; software ) .2 (家庭で使われる )金物類 , 金属製品 ; 〖形容詞的に 〗金物の .3 (主に軍隊の )武器類 , 兵器類 戦車 航空機 ミサイルなど 〙.4 ⦅くだけて ⦆ウイスキー .5 (事業などの )物的部分 機械 建物など 〙.~́ d aler [st re ]金物店 .

 

hardwearing

h rd w aring 形容詞 ⦅英 ⦆衣服 靴などが 〉長持ちする, 丈夫な (⦅米 ⦆longwearing ).

 

hardwood

h rd w od 名詞 1 U 堅材, 硬材 〘カシ ブナ トネリコ サクラ チーク マホガニーなど 〙(softwood ); 〖形容詞的に 〗堅材 [硬材 ](製 )の hardwood floors 堅材製の床 .2 C (堅材 硬材のとれる )広葉樹 .

 

hardworking

h rd w rking 形容詞 勤勉な, 仕事熱心な, よく働く [勉強する ]▸ a hardworking teacher 勤勉な教師 .

 

hardy

har dy /hɑ́ː r di /形容詞 1 〈人 動物が 〉頑丈な, 丈夫な, 苦難に耐えられる ▸ a hardy traveler たくましい旅行者 .2 〈植物などが 〉屋外で越冬できる, 耐寒性の .3 〈スポーツなどが 〉かなりの体力 [忍耐力 ]を要求する .4 勇敢な ; 大胆な, 向こう見ずの ; ずうずうしい .~̀ nnual 1 耐寒性1年生植物 .2 ⦅英 ⦆周期的に現れる話題 .~̀ per nnial 1 耐寒性多年生植物 .2 ⦅英 ⦆たびたび蒸し返される話 .