English-Thai Dictionary

perfunctory

ADJ ที่ ทำ เป็นประจำ จน เคยชิน เลย ไม่ใส่ใจ  careless negligent thoughtles careful ti-tam-pen-pra-jam-prow-koi-chin-lea-mai-sai-jai

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

PERFUNCTORY

a.[supra. ] Slight; careless; negligent. 1. Done only for the sake of getting rid of the duty.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

PERFUNCTORY

Per *func "to *ry, a. Etym: [L. perfunctorius, fr. perfunctus dispatched, p.p. of perfungi to discharge, dispatch; per (see Per ) + fungi to perform. See Function. ]

 

1. Done merely to get rid of a duty; performed mechanically and as a thing of rote; done in a careless and superficial manner; characterized by indifference; as, perfunctory admonitions. Macaulay.

 

2. Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless; careless. "Perfunctory in his devotions." Sharp.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

perfunctory

per func to ry |pərˈfəNGktərē pərˈfəŋ (k )t (ə )ri | ▶adjective (of an action or gesture ) carried out with a minimum of effort or reflection: he gave a perfunctory nod. DERIVATIVES per func to ri ly |-ˈfəNGktərəlē |adverb, per func to ri ness |-rēnis |noun ORIGIN late 16th cent.: from late Latin perfunctorius ‘careless, ’ from Latin perfunct- ‘done with, discharged, ’ from the verb perfungi.

 

Oxford Dictionary

perfunctory

perfunctory |pəˈfʌŋ (k )t (ə )ri | ▶adjective (of an action ) carried out without real interest, feeling, or effort: he gave a perfunctory nod. DERIVATIVES perfunctorily adverb, perfunctoriness noun ORIGIN late 16th cent.: from late Latin perfunctorius ‘careless ’, from Latin perfunct- ‘done with, discharged ’, from the verb perfungi.

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

perfunctory

perfunctory adjective a perfunctory review: cursory, desultory, quick, brief, hasty, hurried, rapid, fleeting, token, casual, superficial, careless, halfhearted, sketchy, mechanical, automatic, routine, offhand, inattentive. ANTONYMS careful, thorough.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

perfunctory

perfunctory adjective the guards gave a perfunctory look up and down the carriage: cursory, desultory; quick, brief, hasty, hurried, rapid, passing, fleeting, summary; token, casual, superficial, uninterested, careless, half-hearted, unthinking, sketchy, mechanical, automatic, routine, offhand, indifferent, inattentive; dismissive. ANTONYMS careful, thorough.

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

perfunctory

per func to ry /pə r fʌ́ŋ (k )t (ə )ri /形容詞 ｟かたく ｠〖通例 名詞 の前で 〗1 いいかげんな, 形式的な, 通り一遍の 〈行為など 〉.2 やる気 [熱意 ]のない, うわべだけの 〈人 〉.per f ú nc to ri ly 副詞