English-Thai Dictionary

to

ADV ไป ถึง  ถึง  ไป ยัง  จนถึง  ตรงกัน กับ  ให้  เพื่อ  pai-tuang

 

to

PREP ไป ถึง  ถึง  ไป ยัง  จนถึง  ตรงกัน กับ  ให้  เพื่อ  toward into on over until pai-tuang

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

TO

prep. 1. Noting motion towards a place; opposed to from, or placed after another word expressing motion towards. He is going to church.
2. Noting motion towards a state or condition. He is going to a trade; he is rising to wealth and honor.
3. Noting accord or adaptation; as an occupation suited to his taste; she has a husband to her mind.
4. Noting address or compellation, or the direction of a discourse. These remarks were addressed to a large audience.
To you, my noble lord of Westmoreland;
I pledge your grace.
5. Noting attention or application.
Go, buckle to the law.
Meditate upon these things; give yourself wholly to them. 1 Timothy 4:15.
6. Noting addition.
Add to your faith, virtue. 2 Peter 1:5.
Wisdom he has, and to his wisdom, courage.
7. Noting opposition. They engaged hand to hand.
8. Noting amount, rising to. They met us, to the number of three hundred.
9. Noting proportion; as, three is to nine as nine is to twenty seven. It is ten to one that you will offend by your officiousness.
1 . Noting possession or appropriation. We have a good seat; let us keep it to ourselves.
11. Noting perception; as a substance sweet to the taste; an event painful to the mind.
12. Noting the subject of an affirmation.
I have a king's oath to the contrary.
13. In comparison of.
All that they did was piety to this.
14. As far as.
Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten.
15. Noting intention.
--Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter.
[In this sense, for is now used. ]
16. After an adjective, noting the object; as deaf to the cries of distress; alive to the sufferings of the poor. He was attentive to the company or to the discourse.
17. Noting obligation; as duty to God and to our parents.
18. Noting enmity; as a dislike to spiritus liquors.
19. Towards; as, she stretched her arms to heaven.
2 . Noting effect or end. The prince was flattered to his ruin. He engaged in a war to this cost. Violent factions exist to the prejudice of the state.
Numbers were crowded to death.
21. To, as a sign of the infinitive, precedes the radical verb. Sometimes it is used instead of the ancient form, for to, noting purpose. David in his life time intended to build a temple. The legislature assembles annually to make and amend laws. The court will sit in February to try some important causes.
22. It precedes the radical verb after adjectives, noting the object; as ready to go; prompt to obey; quick to hear, but slow to censure.
23. It precedes the radical verb, noting the object.
The delay of our hopes teaches us to mortify our desires.
24. It precedes the radical verb, noting consequence.
I have done my utmost to lead my life so pleasantly as to forget my misfortunes.
25. It notes extent, degree or end. He languishes to death, even to death. The water rises to the highth of twenty feet. The line extends from one end to the other.
26. After the substantive verb, and with the radical verb, it denotes futurity. The construction, we are to meet at ten o'clock, every man at death is to receive the reward of his deeds, is a particular form of expressing future time.
27. After have, it denotes duty or necessity.
I have a debt to pay on Saturday.
28. To-day, to-night, to-morrow, are peculiar phrases derived from our ancestors. To in the two first, has the sense or force of this; this day, this night. In the last, it is equivalent to in or on; in or on the morrow. The words may be considered as compounds, to-day, to-night, to-morrow, and usually as adverbs. But sometimes they are used as nouns; as, to-day is ours.
To and from, backward and forward. In this phrase, to is adverbial.
To the face, in presence of; not in the absence of.
I withstood him face to face. Galatians 2:11.
To-morrow, to-morrow, and to-morrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day.
[Note. --In the foregoing explanation of to, it is to be considered that the definition given is not always the sense of to by itself, but the sense rather of the word preceding it, or connected with it, or of to in connection with other words. In general, to is used in the sense of moving towards a place, or towards an object, or it expresses direction towards a place, end, object or purpose. ]
To is often used adverbially to modify the sense of verbs; as, to come to; to heave to. The sense of such phrases is explained under the verbs respectively.
In popular phrases like the following, "I will not come; you shall to, or too, a genuine Saxon phrase, to denotes moreover, besides, L. insuper.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

TO

To (emphatic or alone, obscure or unemphatic ), prep. Etym: [AS. to; akin to OS. & OFries. to, D. toe, G. zu, OHG. zuo, zua, zo, Russ. do, Ir. & Gael. do, OL. -do, -du, as in endo, indu, in, Gr. Too, Tatoo a beat of drums. ]

 

1. The preposition to primarily indicates approach and arrival, motion made in the direction of a place or thing and attaining it, access; and also, motion or tendency without arrival; movement toward; -- opposed to Ant: from. "To Canterbury they wend. " Chaucer. Stay with us, go not to Wittenberg. Shak. So to the sylvan lodge They came, that like Pomona's arbor smiled. Milton. I'll to him again, ... He'll tell me all his purpose. She stretched her arms to heaven. Dryden.

 

2. Hence, it indicates motion, course, or tendency toward a time, a state or condition, an aim, or anything capable of being regarded as a limit to a tendency, movement, or action; as, he is going to a trade; he is rising to wealth and honor.

 

Note: Formerly, by omission of the verb denoting motion, to sometimes followed a form of be, with the sense of at, or in. "When the sun was [gone or declined ] to rest. " Chaucer.

 

3. In a very general way, and with innumerable varieties of application, to connects transitive verbs with their remoter or indirect object, and adjectives, nouns, and neuter or passive verbs with a following noun which limits their action. Its sphere verges upon that of for, but it contains less the idea of design or appropriation; as, these remarks were addressed to a large audience; let us keep this seat to ourselves; a substance sweet to the taste; an event painful to the mind; duty to God and to our parents; a dislike to spirituous liquor. Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter. B. Jonson. Whilst they, distilled Almost to jelly with the act of fear, Stand dumb and speak not to him. Shak. Add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge; and to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness; and to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity. 2 Pet. i. 5,6,7.I have a king's oath to the contrary. Shak. Numbers were crowded to death. Clarendon. Fate and the dooming gods are deaf to tears. Dryden. Go, buckle to the law. Dryden.

 

4. As sign of the infinitive, to had originally the use of last defined, governing the infinitive as a verbal noun, and connecting it as indirect object with a preceding verb or adjective; thus, ready to go, i.e., ready unto going; good to eat, i.e., good for eating; I do my utmost to lead my life pleasantly. But it has come to be the almost constant prefix to the infinitive, even in situations where it has no prepositional meaning, as where the infinitive is direct object or subject; thus, I love to learn, i.e., I love learning; to die for one's country is noble, i.e., the dying for one's country. Where the infinitive denotes the design or purpose, good usage formerly allowed the prefixing of for to the to; as, what went ye out for see (Matt. xi. 8 ).Then longen folk to go on pilgrimages, And palmers for to seeken strange stranders. Chaucer.

 

Note: Such usage is now obsolete or illiterate. In colloquial usage, to often stands for, and supplies, an infinitive already mentioned; thus, he commands me to go with him, but I do not wish to.

 

5. In many phrases, and in connection with many other words, to has a pregnant meaning, or is used elliptically. Thus, it denotes or implies: (a ) Extent; limit; degree of comprehension; inclusion as far as; as, they met us to the number of three hundred. We ready are to try our fortunes To the last man. Shak. Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten. Quant. Rev.

 

(b ) Effect; end; consequence; as, the prince was flattered to his ruin; he engaged in a war to his cost; violent factions exist to the prejudice of the state. (c ) Apposition; connection; antithesis; opposition; as, they engaged hand to hand. Now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face. 1 Cor. xiii. 12.

 

(d ) Accord; adaptation; as, an occupation to his taste; she has a husband to her mind. He to God's image, she to his was made. Dryden.

 

(e ) Comparison; as, three is to nine as nine is to twenty-seven; it is ten to one that you will offend him. All that they did was piety to this. B. Jonson.

 

(f ) Addition; union; accumulation. Wisdom he has, and to his wisdom, courage. Denham.

 

(g ) Accompaniment; as, she sang to his guitar; they danced to the music of a piano. Anon they move In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood Of flutes and soft recorders. Milton.

 

(h ) Character; condition of being; purpose subserved or office filled. [In this sense archaic ] "I have a king here to my flatterer. " Shak. Made his masters and others... to consider him to a little wonder. Walton.

 

Note: To in to-day, to-night, and to-morrow has the sense or force of for or on; for, or on, (this ) day, for, or on, (this ) night, for, or on, (the ) morrow. To-day, to-night, to-morrow may be considered as compounds, and usually as adverbs; but they are sometimes used as nouns; as, to-day is ours. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow; Creeps in this petty pace from day to day. Shak. To and again, to and fro. [R.] -- To and fro, forward and back. In this phrase, to is adverbial. There was great showing both to and fro. Chaucer. -- To-and-fro, a pacing backward and forward; as, to commence a to- and-fro. Tennyson. -- To the face, in front of; in behind; hence, in the presence of. -- To wit, to know; namely. See Wit, v. i.

 

Note: To, without an object expressed, is used adverbially; as, put to the door, i. e., put the door to its frame, close it; and in the nautical expressions, to heave to, to come to, meaning to a certain position. To, like on, is sometimes used as a command, forward, set to. "To, Achilles! to, Ajax! to! " Shak.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

to

to |to͞o tu tə | ▶preposition 1 expressing motion in the direction of (a particular location ): walking down to the mall | my first visit to Africa. • expressing location, typically in relation to a specified point of reference: forty miles to the south of the site | place the cursor to the left of the first word. • expressing a point reached at the end of a range or after a period of time: a drop in profits from $105 million to around $75 million | from 1938 to 1945. • (in telling the time ) before (the hour specified ): it's five to ten. • approaching or reaching (a particular condition ): Christopher's expression changed from amazement to joy | she was close to tears. • expressing the result of a process or action: smashed to smithereens. 2 identifying the person or thing affected: you were terribly unkind to her. • identifying the recipient or intended recipient of something: he wrote a heart-rending letter to the parents | I am deeply grateful to my parents. 3 identifying a particular relationship between one person and another: he is married to Jan's cousin | economic adviser to the president. • in various phrases indicating how something is related to something else (often followed by a noun without a determiner ): made to order | a prelude to disaster. • indicating a rate of return on something, e.g., the distance traveled in exchange for fuel used, or an exchange rate that can be obtained in one currency for another: it only does ten miles to the gallon. • (to the ) Mathematics indicating the power (exponent ) to which a number is raised: ten to the minus thirty-three. 4 indicating that two things are attached: he had left his bike chained to a fence | figurative : they are inextricably linked to this island. 5 concerning or likely to concern (something, esp. something abstract ): a threat to world peace | a reference to Psalm 22:18. 6 governing a phrase expressing someone's reaction to something: to her astonishment, he smiled. 7 used to introduce the second element in a comparison: it's nothing to what it once was. ▶infinitive marker 1 used with the base form of a verb to indicate that the verb is in the infinitive, in particular: • expressing purpose or intention: I set out to buy food | we tried to help | I am going to tell you a story. • expressing an outcome, result, or consequence: he was left to die | he managed to escape. • expressing a cause: I'm sorry to hear that. • indicating a desired or advisable action: I'd love to go to France this summer | we asked her to explain | the leaflet explains how to start a recycling program. • indicating a proposition that is known, believed, or reported about a specified person or thing: a house that people believed to be haunted. • (about to ) forming a future tense with reference to the immediate future: he was about to sing. • after a noun, indicating its function or purpose: a chair to sit on | something to eat. • after a phrase containing an ordinal number: the first person to arrive. 2 used without a verb following when the missing verb is clearly understood: he asked her to come but she said she didn't want to. ▶adverb so as to be closed or nearly closed: he pulled the door to behind him. ORIGIN Old English tō (adverb and preposition ); related to Dutch toe and German zu .

 

Oxford Dictionary

to

to |tə; before a vowel tʊ; stressed tuː | ▶preposition 1 expressing motion in the direction of (a particular location ): walking down to the shops | my first visit to Africa. • expressing location, typically in relation to a specified point of reference: forty miles to the south of the site | place the cursor to the left of the first word. • expressing a point reached at the end of a range or after a period of time: a drop in profits from £105 m to around £75 m | from 1938 to 1945. • chiefly Brit. (in telling the time ) before (the hour specified ): it's five to ten. 2 approaching or reaching (a particular condition ): Christopher's expression changed from amazement to joy | she was close to tears. • expressing the result of a process or action: smashed to smithereens. • governing a phrase expressing someone's reaction to something: to her astonishment, he smiled. 3 identifying the person or thing affected by or receiving something: you were terribly unkind to her | they donated £400 to the hospice. 4 identifying a particular relationship between one person and another: he is married to his cousin Emma | he's economic adviser to the president. • used in various phrases to indicate how something is related to something else (often followed by a noun without a determiner ): made to order | a prelude to disaster. • indicating a rate of return on something, for example the distance travelled in exchange for fuel used: my car only does ten miles to the gallon. • (to the ) Mathematics indicating the power (exponent ) to which a number is raised: ten to the minus thirty-three. 5 indicating that two things are attached or linked: he had left his dog tied to a drainpipe | they are inextricably linked to this island. 6 concerning or likely to concern (something ): a threat to world peace | a reference to Psalm 22:18. 7 used to introduce the second element in a comparison: the club's nothing to what it once was. 8 placed before a debit entry in accounting. ▶infinitive marker 1 used with the base form of a verb to indicate that the verb is in the infinitive, in particular: • expressing purpose or intention: I set out to buy food | I am going to tell you a story. • expressing an outcome or result: she was left to die | I managed to escape. • expressing a cause: I'm sorry to hear that. • indicating a desired or advisable action: I'd love to go to France this summer | the leaflet explains how to start a course. • indicating a proposition that is known, believed, or reported about a specified person or thing: a house that people believed to be haunted. • (about to ) forming a future tense with reference to the immediate future: he was about to sing. • after a noun, indicating its function or purpose: a chair to sit on | something to eat. • after a phrase containing an ordinal number: the first person to arrive. 2 used without a verb following when the missing verb is clearly understood: he asked her to come but she said she didn't want to. ▶adverb so as to be closed or nearly closed: he pulled the door to behind him. ORIGIN Old English tō (adverb and preposition ), of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch toe and German zu .

 

Duden Dictionary

To

To Substantiv, feminin umgangssprachlich verhüllend , die Tö |T o |die To; Genitiv: der To, Plural: die Tos Toilette 2a

 

Tö

Tö Substantiv, feminin oder Substantiv, Neutrum umgangssprachlich verhüllend , die oder das To |T ö |die Tö; Genitiv: der Tö, Plural: die Tös oder das Tö; Genitiv: des Tös, Plural: die Tös Toilette 2a

 

Sanseido Dictionary

TO

TO 〖 Kingdom of Tonga 〗トンガ 。ISO の国 地域コードの一 。

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

to

to /(子音の前で ) tə, (母音の前で ) tu , ｟強 ｠tuː / (! got [ought, used, want ] to では時に1つの /t /が省かれる ) 前置詞 【方向 】(→into 類義 )1 〖運動の方向 〗…へ , …の方へ (向かって )(↔from ; →at 5 類義 )▸ I walked to the bus stop .僕はバス停へ歩いていった (!toだと通例バス停に到着したことを意味するが, towardはバス停の方向に向かったことのみを示す; →toward 前置詞 1a ) ▸ He is on his way to the office .彼はオフィスに向かう途中です ▸ a trip to Canada カナダへの旅行 ▸ They have no place to go (to ) (!｟コーパス ｠ ｟くだけて ｠ではtoは省略される ) 2 〖方角 方向 〗…の方向に ▸ Place the fork to the left of the plate and the knife to the right .フォークは皿の左側に, ナイフは右側に置きなさい ▸ The park is about 200 meters to the south of Victoria .その公園はビクトリアの南, 約200メートルの所だ 【到達点 】(→until 類義 (2 ))3 〖運動 〗…まで (届いて ), …に達するまで ▸ The river runs down to the sea .その川は海まで流れている ▸ drag a file to the Recycle Bin 〘コンピュ 〙ファイルをゴミ箱までドラッグする 4 〖状態の変化 結果 〗…に , …へ , …になるまで ▸ She is close to tears .彼女は今にも泣きそうだ ▸ The glass smashed to pieces .そのグラスは粉々に砕けた ▸ The man was shot to death .その男は撃ち殺された ▸ The tone of his voice changed to threatening .彼の声色は脅しへと変わった 【目的 】5 〖目的 意図 〗…のために ▸ go to bed 眠る ▸ invite him to dinner 夕食に彼を招待する ▸ rush to the rescue of the victims 犠牲者の救助に急ぐ 【限界 範囲 】(→until 類義 (2 ))6 a. 〖数量の範囲 〗 «…から » …まで , …に至るまで «from » ▸ There are 20 to 30 CDs in the case .ケースには2, 30枚のCDがある ▸ children up to age 12 12歳までの子供 ▸ play all kinds of sports from table tennis to wrestling 卓球からレスリングに至るまであらゆるスポーツをする (!しばしばfromとtoの要素が同じ語になる:read the book from cover to cover 最初から最後までその本を読む; →from 前置詞 1 語法 ) .b. 〖期間 時間の範囲 〗 «…から » …まで «from » ; …の始まるまでに; 〈時刻が 〉(…分 )前 ▸ from Monday to Saturday 月曜から土曜まで (!｟コーパス ｠通例土曜を含むが, 含むことを明確に示すには ｟主に米 ｠では通例toの代わりにthrough Saturday, ｟英 ｠では時にto Saturday inclusiveとする ) ▸ work from 9 to 5 9時から5時まで働く (!from句を省く場合, ╳work to 5とせず, work until [up to ] 5とする ) ▸ ten minutes to midnight 深夜12時の10分前 ▸ It's only two weeks to Christmas クリスマスまであとわずか2週間です ▸ It's five (minutes ) to nine .9時5分前です (!toの代わりに ｟主に米 ｠before, ｟米 くだけて ｠ofなども使われる ) 7 〖限度 限界 〗…まで , …の限りにおいて ▸ be accurate to the inch 1インチも狂わず正確だ ▸ to some [a certain ] extent ある程度までは ▸ To my knowledge , he is still single .私の知る限りでは彼はまだ独身だ 【対象 】8 a. 〖動作の対象 〗…に対して , …に , …へ ▸ Please talk to me about your future .君の将来について私に話してください ▸ I gave a scarf to my mother .私は母にスカーフをあげた (≒I gave my mother a scarf. ) (!give, lend, bringなどの 動詞 の間接目的語を示す; →give 他動詞 1 語法 , for 前置詞 1 b ) ▸ Who did you send the fax to ?≒｟かたく ｠To whom did you send the fax? 君はだれにファックスを送りましたか ▸ a memorial to those who died 死者への追悼式 b. 〖影響の及ぶ対象 〗…に対する ; …に及ぶ ▸ a danger to the public 民衆に及ぶ危険 ▸ What happened to your eyes?その目どうしたの ▸ The police officer was very unkind to us .その警官は私たちにとても不親切だった 9 〖判断 評価の主体 〗〈人 〉にとって , …の意見では ▸ To me, it seems like a waste of time .私が思うにそれは時間のむだのようだ ▸ The game was so important to Martin .その試合はマーティンにとってはとても重要だった ▸ It doesn't matter to me .僕にはそんなことどうでもいい 10 〖to A's B 〗A 〈人が 〉Bしたことには (!Bは感情を示す 名詞 ) ▸ To my surprise , she apologized .僕はびっくりしたが, 彼女は謝った ▸ To his great delight, she accepted his offer of marriage .彼が大いに喜んだことに, 彼女は結婚の申し込みを承諾した 【付属 一致 】11 a. 〖付属 〗…に属する [雇われている ]; …に合う ▸ a handle [key ] to the door ドアの取っ手 [かぎ ]▸ an advisor to the President 社長の指南役 b. 〖付加 接触 〗…に , …に付けて ; …に加えて ▸ attach a document to a message メッセージに書類を添付する ▸ dance cheek to cheek ほおを寄せ合って踊る ▸ Add a little salt to the boiling water .｟レシピ ｠沸騰したお湯に塩を少々加えます 12 〖一致 〗…に合わせて ; …と同時に ; …に応じて ▸ tap to the rhythm リズムに合わせて拍子をとる ▸ He woke up to the sound of laughter .彼は笑い声で目が覚めた ▸ Spicy food isn't really to my liking .辛い食べ物は僕の好みとは合わない 【対応 対比 対立 】13 〖対応関係 〗…に対しての ; …への ▸ the password to the computer そのコンピュータのパスワード ▸ reply to a question by e-mail 質問にメールで答える ▸ What do you say to this? これについてどう思いますか ▸ There's nothing [not much ] to it .ただそれだけのことだ (!強調の表現; That's all (there is to it ). ともいう ) 14 a. 〖対比 比較 〗…よりも , …と比べて (→different コーパスの窓 ); (確率を示して )…対 …▸ I prefer tea to coffee .私はコーヒーより紅茶が好きだ ▸ We lost by 89 points to 94 .89対94点で我々は負けた (!…対 …でスコアのみを示す場合に, 2-3 のようにen -dash (→dash 名詞 4 )または ｟くだけた書 ｠ではハイフン (-)(→hyphen )を用いる ) ▸ His singing voice is nothing to what it used to be .彼の歌声は以前と比較すればまるでだめだ b. 〖割合 〗｟主に話 ｠…に対して , …につき (per )▸ The car gets [｟主に英 ｠does ] about 35 miles to the gallon .1ガロンあたりその車は35マイル走行する ▸ 120 yen to the dollar 1ドルに対し120円 15 〖対立 〗…に対して , …に面して , …の前 [後, 横 ]に ▸ stand face to face [back to back ]向かい [背中 ]合わせに立つ ▸ have a seat next to him 彼の隣に座る 【不定詞を作って 】語法 to不定詞について 1 このtoは 「…へ 」という方向を示す 前置詞 が本来の意味を失い, 単に不定詞の記号となったもの .2 不定詞には次のような形がある . 単純形 完了形 能動 to do to have done 受動 to be done to have been done 進行 to be doing to have been doing 3 not, neverなどの否定語はtoの直前に置く (→not 3 語法 (1 ))▸ I told him not to go there .私は彼にそこに行くなと言った .4 意味上の主語を示す場合は 「for [of ]＋名詞 」をtoの前に置く (→for 18 , of 1 15 ).5 強調や文意を明確にするため, 時にto doの間に 副詞 が入ることがあるが, 通例その 副詞 は不定詞を修飾する ▸ They agreed to fully support his idea .彼らは彼の考えを全面的に支持することに合意した 16 〖名詞的用法 〗a. 〖目的語として 〗…することを ▸ I want to play soccer .僕はサッカーをやりたい ▸ Remember to turn off the TV before going to bed .寝る前にテレビのスイッチを切るのを忘れないでね ▸ I've decided not to leave .私は行かないことに決めた b. 〖形式主語 目的語のitを受ける 〗…することは [を ] (!itは後続のto不定詞の代わりであり, 訳さない ) ▸ It is easy to use a computer .コンピュータを使うのは簡単だ ▸ He found it impossible to continue the research .彼はその研究を続けるのは無理だと気づいた c. 〖be動詞の補語として 〗…すること, …である (→be 自動詞 1a 表現 )▸ Her ambition was to become an actress .彼女の野望は女優になることであった ▸ All you need is (to ) click here .必要なことはここをクリックするだけです (!この形の文では ｟くだけて ｠でしばしばtoを省略する; to clickの代わりにclickingとしない ) ▸ Another solution is for the government to get involved .もう1つの解決策は, 政府が介入することである (!for …はto不定詞の意味上の主語 ) .d. ｟比較的まれ ｠〖主語として 〗…することは (!動名 の方が普通 ) ▸ To know is one thing, and to do is (quite ) another .知っていることと実行することは (全く )別のことだ 17 〖形容詞的用法 〗 (!直前の 名詞 を修飾する ) a. 〖名詞 が不定詞の意味上の目的語 〗…する (ための ), …すべき ▸ Do you have a book to read on the train? 電車の中で何か読む本はありますか ▸ Do you have anything to write with? 何か筆記用具を持っていますか (!anythingは 前置詞 withの意味上の目的語 ) ▸ Here's something to remember me by .これは私のことを忘れないための記念品よ (!somethingは 前置詞 byの意味上の目的語 ) .b. 〖名詞 が不定詞の意味上の主語 〗…する (ための ), …すべき ▸ There was no one to help me .僕を助けてくれる者はだれもいなかった ▸ Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon .ニール アームストロングは月面を歩いた最初の人だった ▸ something not to be missed 見逃してはならないもの c. 〖名詞 の内容説明 〗…(する )という ▸ a decision to study abroad 留学するという決意 ▸ I didn't have a chance to meet him .彼に会う機会はなかった (!同種の 名詞 はtime, need, plan, effort, tendencyなど ) d. ｟かたく ｠〖前置詞 +関係代名詞 +to do 〗…する (!直前の 名詞 を修飾; この形では必ず 前置詞 が先頭に来る ) ▸ a nice place in which to live 暮らすのにすてきな場所 ▸ information on which to base a decision 決定のより所となる情報 .18 〖副詞的用法 〗a. 〖目的 〗…するために , …しに (→so 1 as to do 類義 (3 ))▸ I went to the shop to buy some eggs .私は卵をいくつか買いに店に行った ▸ What did you do to win the gold medal? 金メダルを取るためどんなことをしましたか ▸ Take care not to catch (a ) cold .かぜをひかないように気をつけて (↓作文のポイント )｟作文のポイント ｠会議に遅れないようタクシーに乗った .× I took a taxi not to be late for the meeting .○ I took a taxi so as not to be late for the meeting .❢通例not to doだけで 「…しないように 」という否定の目的は表せない (→so 1 as to do 類義 (3 )).b. 〖感情の原因 〗…して , …とは (!感情を表す 形容詞 などと共に ) ▸ I'm very pleased to meet you .お会いできてとてもうれしいです ▸ He was disappointed to find that the car was an expensive purchase .その車は高価な買い物だと気づいて彼はがっかりした ｟作文のポイント ｠私のネクタイを見て彼女は笑い出した .× She started laughing to see my tie .○ She started laughing when she saw my tie .❢toは感情の原因は表せるが, 行為の原因は表せない .c. 〖判断の根拠 〗…するとは , …するなんて ▸ You must be crazy to believe everything he said .彼が言ったことをすべて信じるなんてぜったい頭がどうかしてるよ ▸ How kind of you to say so! そう言ってくれてどうもありがとう .d. 〖結果 〗(結局 )…する , …となる ▸ I rushed to the post office only to find that it had already closed .｟かたく ｠郵便局まで急いで行ったが, すでに閉まっていた ▸ She'll grow up to be a great singer .彼女は偉大な歌手に育つだろう e. 〖条件 〗(もし )…すれば (!動詞 は通例seeかhear ) ▸ To hear him talk, you'd think he had spent all his life in Manhattan .彼が話すのを聞けば, (だれだって )彼がこれまでずっとマンハッタンで暮らしてきたと思うだろう (!不定詞の主語は主節の主語と同じ; ≒If you heard him talk, …) .f. 〖程度 〗…するには ; …するほど ; …するのに (!too, enoughなどと共に ) ▸ It is too cold to swim .泳ぐには寒すぎる ▸ He is not old enough to go to school alone .彼は一人で学校に通うにはまだ幼い g. 〖be ＋形容詞 ＋to do 〗 (!それぞれの 形容詞 の解説を参照 ) ▸ That team is sure to win .あのチームがきっと勝つ ▸ This is not likely to happen again .これは再び起こりそうにない ▸ They were quick to respond .彼らはすばやく反応した .h. 〖独立不定詞 〗…すれば (!それぞれの 動詞 の項の成句を参照 ) ▸ To tell the truth , I'm not sure where I left it .実を言うと, 僕はそれをどこに忘れたかよくわからないんだ ▸ to begin with まず第一に ▸ I can speak German, not to mention English .英語は言うに及ばず, ドイツ語も話せる 【その他 】19 〖自動詞 ＋to do 〗…するようで ; …であって (!seem, appear, proveなどの 動詞 と共に; be to do については →be 助動詞 3 ) ▸ The test appeared to be successful .その試験は成功したようだった ▸ There didn't seem to be any problems .何も問題はなさそうだった 語法 完了形不定詞 1 seem, appear, be saidなどに続く完了形不定詞は, それらの述語動詞で示されるよりも以前の事柄を示す ▸ I'm sorry to have kept you waiting .お待たせしてすみません ▸ They seem to have gone to school .彼らは学校へ行ってしまったようだ 2 hope, mean, expect, intend, wishなどの 動詞 の過去形に続く完了形不定詞は, 実現しなかった意図 期待 願望を示す ▸ We hoped to have joined in the party .パーティに参加しようと思っていたのだが (行けなかった )20 〖他動詞 ＋A to do 〗Aに [が ]…する [である ]ことを ▸ My mother asked me to clean the room .母は私に部屋を掃除するように言った ▸ I'd like you to come with me .私と一緒に来ていただきたい ▸ Many people consider milk to be the ideal drink .多くの人は牛乳を理想的な飲み物だと考えている 21 〖wh- ＋to do 〗…(すれば )いいのか , …すべきか , …のやり方 ▸ I don't know what to do next .次に何をしたらいいのかわかりません (≒… what I should do next. )▸ This map shows you how to get there .この地図はそこへの行き方を示している ▸ You have to decide whether to tell it to your parents .それを両親に言うかどうか決める必要がある .22 〖代不定詞 〗 (!不定詞句の反復を避けtoだけを残す ) ▸ “Would you like to drink? ” “I'd love to .”｢お飲み物はいかがですか ｣｢喜んで ｣ (!to ＝to drink ) ▸ She went there alone, though her parents told her not to .彼女は, 両親がそうするなと言ったのにもかかわらず, 1人でそこへ行った (!否定形はnot to ) 23 〖助動詞 相当表現を作って 〗(→be go ing to (go 1 7 ), be to (be 助動詞 3 ), have to , ought to , used to ).24 〖予定 〗…する予定の 〈人 〉; ｟報道 ｠…する予定だ ▸ a bride to be (じきに )花嫁となる人 ▸ China to cut back forces 中国, 兵力削減へ (!新聞の見出しで ) 副詞 /tuː /比較なし 1 (戸などが )閉まって, 閉じて, 止まって (!必ずしも完全に閉じることを意味しない ) ▸ pull the window to 窓を閉める ▸ The door swung to .ドアはバタンと閉まった .2 意識が戻って, 正気に ▸ I slowly came to .私はだんだん意識が戻ってきた ▸ We managed to bring him to .我々はなんとか彼の意識を取り戻した .3 活動 [仕事 ]を始めて ▸ He set to with a shoe brush .｟やや古 ｠彼はブラシを持ってせっせと靴を磨き始めた .4 (…分 )前で (! 何時か明白な場合に ) ; 前方に .t ò and fr ó あちこち, 行ったり来たり ; 前後 [左右 ]に ▸ She was running to and fro across the yard .彼女は庭をあちこち走り回っていた .