English-Thai Dictionary

retrograde

ADJ ไม่ ก้าวหน้า  ซึ่ง เสื่อมถอย  ล้าหลัง  backward unprogressive mai-kao-na

 

retrograde

VI ถอยหลัง  reced slip back toi-lang

 

retrogradely

ADV อย่าง ถดถอย  yang-tod-toi

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

RETROGRADE

a.[L. retrogradior; retro, backwards, and gradior, to go. ] 1. Going or moving backwards.
2. In astronomy, apparently moving backward and contrary to the succession of the signs, as a planet.
3. Declining from a better to a worse state.

 

RETROGRADE

v.i.[L. retrogradior; retro and gradior, to go. ] To go or move backward.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

RETROGRADE

Re "tro *grade, a. Etym: [L. retrogradus, from retrogradi,retrogressus, to retrograde; retro back + gradi to step: cf. F. rétrograde. See Grade. ]

 

1. (Astron.)

 

Defn: Apparently moving backward, and contrary to the succession of the signs, that is, from east to west, as a planet. Hutton. And if he be in the west side in that condition, then is he retrograde. Chaucer.

 

2. Tending or moving backward; having a backward course; contrary; as, a retrograde motion; -- opposed to Ant: progressive. "Progressive and not retrograde. " Bacon. It is most retrograde to our desire. Shak.

 

3. Declining from a better to a worse state; as, a retrograde people; retrograde ideas, morals, etc. Bacon.

 

RETROGRADE

Re "tro *grade, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Retrograded; p. pr. & vb. n.Retrograding.] Etym: [L. retrogradare, retrogradi: cf. F. rétrograder. ]

 

1. To go in a retrograde direction; to move, or appear to move, backward, as a planet.

 

2. Hence, to decline from a better to a worse condition, as in morals or intelligence.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

retrograde

ret ro grade |ˈretrəˌgrād ˈrɛtrəˌɡreɪd | ▶adjective directed or moving backward: a retrograde flow. • reverting to an earlier and inferior condition: to go back on the progress that has been made would be a retrograde step. • (of the order of something ) reversed; inverse: the retrograde form of these inscriptions. • (of amnesia ) involving the period immediately preceding the causal event. • Geology (of a metamorphic change ) resulting from a decrease in temperature or pressure. • Astronomy & Astrology (of the apparent motion of a planet ) in a reverse direction from normal (from east to west ), resulting from the relative orbital progress of the earth and the planet. The opposite of prograde. • Astronomy (of the orbit or rotation of a planet or planetary satellite ) in a reverse direction from that normal in the solar system. ▶noun rare a degenerate person. ▶verb [ no obj. ] 1 archaic go back in position or time: our history must retrograde for the space of a few pages. • revert to an earlier and usually inferior condition: people cannot habitually trample on law and justice without retrograding toward barbarism. 2 Astronomy show retrogradation: all the planets will at some time appear to retrograde. DERIVATIVES ret ro grade ly adverb ( rare )ORIGIN late Middle English (as a term in astronomy ): from Latin retrogradus, from retro ‘backward ’ + gradus ‘step ’ (from gradi ‘to walk ’).

 

Oxford Dictionary

retrograde

retro |grade |ˈrɛtrəgreɪd | ▶adjective 1 directed or moving backwards: a retrograde flow. • Astronomy & Astrology (of the apparent motion of a planet ) in a reverse direction from normal (from east to west ), resulting from the relative orbital progress of the earth and the planet. The opposite of prograde. • Astronomy (of the orbit or rotation of a planet or planetary satellite ) in a reverse direction from that normal in the solar system. 2 reverting to an earlier and inferior condition: to go back on the progress that has been made would be a retrograde step. 3 (of the order of something ) reversed; inverse: the retrograde form of these inscriptions. 4 Geology (of a metamorphic change ) resulting from a decrease in temperature or pressure. ▶noun rare a degenerate person. ▶verb [ no obj. ] 1 archaic go back in position or time: our history must retrograde for the space of a few pages. • revert to an earlier and inferior condition. people cannot habitually trample on law and justice without retrograding toward barbarism. 2 Astronomy show retrograde motion. DERIVATIVES retrogradely adverb ORIGIN late Middle English (as a term in astronomy ): from Latin retrogradus, from retro ‘backwards ’ + gradus ‘step ’ (from gradi ‘to walk ’).

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

retrograde

retrograde adjective 1 a retrograde step: for the worse, regressive, negative, downhill, unwelcome. ANTONYMS positive, forward-looking. 2 retrograde motion: backward, backwards, reverse, rearward. ANTONYMS forward.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

retrograde

retrograde adjective 1 the closure of the factory is a retrograde step: for the worse, regressive, negative, downhill, unwelcome, unprogressive; worsening, deteriorating, degenerate, declining. ANTONYMS positive, forward-looking. 2 the retrograde motion of the planets: backward, backwards, reverse, rearward, directed backwards, retreating, retrogressive. ANTONYMS forward.

 

French Dictionary

rétrograde

rétrograde adj. adjectif 1 Qui va en sens inverse. : Un mouvement rétrograde. 2 figuré Qui rejette le progrès. : Une décision rétrograde. SYNONYME arriéré ; réactionnaire .

 

rétrograder

rétrograder v. tr. , intr. verbe transitif Faire reculer dans la hiérarchie. : Rétrograder un employé. verbe intransitif 1 Reculer, régresser. : Ils ont rétrogradé dans la hiérarchie. 2 automobile Changer de vitesse. : Avant de freiner, il faudrait rétrograder. aimer

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

retrograde

ret ro grade /rétrəɡrèɪd /形容詞 ｟かたく ｠1 後退する, 逆行する, 後ろ向きの ; 退却 [退去 ]する ; 〘天 〙〈惑星などが 〉逆行する ▸ a retrograde step 後退 2 退化する, 退歩する .動詞 自動詞 ｟かたく ｠1 後退する ; 〘天 〙逆行する .2 〈生物などが 〉退化する ; 衰退する .