English-Thai Dictionary
backward
ADJ กลับ สู่ อดีต กลับ สู่ สิ่ง ที่ผ่านมา retrograde regressive forward klab-su-ar-did
backward
ADJ ซึ่ง อยู่ ทาง ข้างหลัง ซึ่ง ไป ทาง ข้างหลัง seang-la cha
backward
ADJ ล่าช้า สมอง ช้า สติปัญญา ไม่ดี slow la-cha
backward
ADV ถอยกลับ ย้อนกลับ forward thoi-klab
backward
ADV ย้อนกลับ ทาง เดิม กลับ ไป ที่ เดิม yon-klab-thang-doem
backward
ADV อยู่ ทาง ข้างหลัง ไป ทาง ข้างหลัง rearward la cha
backwardly
ADV ย้อนกลับ yorn-klab
backwardness
N การ กลับไปกลับมา การ เดินทาง กลับไปกลับมา kan-klab-pai-klab-ma
backwards
ADV ถอยหลัง thoi-lang
Webster's 1828 Dictionary
BACKWARD, BACKWARDS
adv. [back and ward. See Ward. ] With the back in advance; as, to move backward. 2. Toward the back; as, to throw the arms backward; to move backwards and forwards.
3. On the back, or with the back downwards; as, to fall backward.
4. Toward past times or events; as to look backward on the history of man.
5. By way of reflection; reflexively.
6. From a better to a worse state; as, public affairs go backward.
7. In time past; as, let us look some ages backward.
8. Perversely; from a wrong end.
I never yet saw man but she would spell him backward.
9. Towards the beginning; in an order contrary to the natural order; as, to read backward.
1 . In a scriptural sense, to go or turn backward, is to rebel, apostatize, or relapse into sin, or idolatry. Isaiah 1:4.
11. Contrarily; in a contrary manner.
To be driven or turned backward, is to be defeated, or disappointed. Psalm 4 :14. turn judgment backward, is to pervert justice and laws. Isaiah 59:14.
BACKWARD
a.Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating. For wiser brutes are backward to be slaves. 2. Slow; sluggish; dilatory. The mind is backward to undergo the fatigue of weighing every argument.
3. Dull; not quick of apprehension; behind in progress; as a backward learner.
4. Late; behind in time; coming after something else, or after the usual time; as backward fruits; the season is backward.
BACKWARD
n.The things or state behind or past. In the dark backward or abysm of time. [Not proper, nor in use. ]
BACKWARDLY
adv. Unwillingly; reluctantly; adversely; perversely.
BACKWARDNESS
n.Unwillingness; reluctance, dilatoriness, or dullness in action. 2. A state of being behind in progress; slowness; tardiness; as the backwardness of the spring.
Webster's 1913 Dictionary
BACKWARD; BACKWARDS
Back "ward, Back "wards, adv. Etym: [Back, adv. + -ward. ]
1. With the back in advance or foremost; as, to ride backward.
2. Toward the back; toward the rear; as, to throw the arms backward.
3. On the back, or with the back downward. Thou wilt fall backward. Shak.
4. Toward, or in, past time or events; ago. Some reigns backward. Locke.
5. By way of reflection; reflexively. Sir J. Davies.
6. From a better to a worse state, as from honor to shame, from religion to sin. The work went backward. Dryden.
7. In a contrary or reverse manner, way, or direction; contrarily; as, to read backwards. We might have. .. beat them backward home. Shak.
BACKWARD
BACKWARD Back "ward, a.
1. Directed to the back or rear; as, backward glances.
2. Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; loath. For wiser brutes were backward to be slaves. Pope.
3. Not well advanced in learning; not quick of apprehension; dull; inapt; as, a backward child. "The backward learner. " South.
4. Late or behindhand; as, a backward season.
5. Not advanced in civilization; undeveloped; as, the country or region is in a backward state.
6. Already past or gone; bygone. [R.] And flies unconscious o'er each backward year. Byron.
BACKWARD
BACKWARD Back "ward, n.
Defn: The state behind or past. [Obs. ] In the dark backward and abysm of time. Shak.
BACKWARD
BACKWARD Back "ward, v. i.
Defn: To keep back; to hinder. [Obs. ]
BACKWARDATION
Back `war *da "tion, n. Etym: [Backward, v.i.+ -ation.] (Stock Exchange )
Defn: The seller's postponement of delivery of stock or shares, with the consent of the buyer, upon payment of a premium to the latter; -- also, the premium so paid. See Contango. Biddle.
BACKWARDLY
BACKWARDLY Back "ward *ly, adv.
1. Reluctantly; slowly; aversely. [Obs. ] Sir P. Sidney.
2. Perversely; ill. [Obs. ] And does he think so backwardly of me Shak.
BACKWARDNESS
BACKWARDNESS Back "ward *ness, n.
Defn: The state of being backward.
New American Oxford Dictionary
backward
back ward |ˈbakwərd ˈbækwərd | ▶adjective 1 [ attrib. ] directed behind or to the rear: she left the room without a backward glance | a gradual backward movement. • looking toward the past, rather than being progressive; retrograde: he said the decision was a backward step. 2 (of a person ) having learning difficulties: a lively child but a bit backward. • having made less than normal progress: economically backward countries. ▶adverb (also backwards ) 1 (of a movement ) away from one's front; in the direction of one's back: he took a step backward | Harry suddenly fell backward into a somersault. • in reverse of the usual direction or order: counting backward | baseball caps turned backward. 2 toward or into the past: a loving look backward at his early life. • toward or into a worse state: a giant step backward for child-centered education. PHRASES backward and forward in both directions alternately; to and fro. bend (or lean ) over backward to do something informal make every effort, esp. to be fair or helpful: Jensen bent over backward to be fair. know something backward ( and forward ) be entirely familiar with something. DERIVATIVES back ward ly adverb, back ward ness noun ORIGIN Middle English: from earlier abackward, from aback . usage: In US English, the adverb form is sometimes spelled backwards ( the ladder fell backwards ), but the adjective is almost always backward ( a backward glance ). Directional words using the suffix -ward tend to have no s ending in US English, although backwards is more common than afterwards, towards, or forwards. The s ending often (but not always ) appears in the phrases backwards and forwards and bending over backwards. In British English, the spelling backwards is more common than backward .
backwardation
back ¦ward |ation |bakwəˈdeɪʃ (ə )n | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Stock Exchange, Brit. a situation in which the spot or cash price of a commodity is higher than the forward price. Often contrasted with contango. • a situation in which the offer price for stock is lower than the bid. • historical a percentage paid by a person selling stock for the right of delaying its delivery.
backward classes
backward classes ▶plural noun Indian the members of a caste or community who are recommended for special help in education and employment.
backward-compatible
back ward-com pat i ble (also backwards-compatible ) ▶adjective (of computer hardware or software ) able to be used with an older piece of hardware or software without special adaptation or modification. DERIVATIVES back ward com pat i bil i ty noun
backward-looking
backward-looking ▶adjective opposing progress and innovation; reactionary.
Oxford Dictionary
backward
back |ward |ˈbakwəd | ▶adjective 1 directed behind or to the rear: she left the room without a backward glance. • reverting to an inferior state; retrograde: the decision was a backward step. 2 having made less progress than is normal or expected: a backward agricultural country. • (of a person ) having learning difficulties. 3 [ with negative ] (backward in ) lacking the confidence to do (something ): he was not backward in displaying his talents. 4 Cricket (of a fielding position ) behind an imaginary line passing through the stumps at the batsman's end at right angles to the wicket. ▶adverb another word for backwards. DERIVATIVES backwardly adverb, backwardness noun ORIGIN Middle English: from earlier abackward, from aback . usage: In most adverbial uses backward and backwards are interchangeable: the car rolled slowly backward and the car rolled slowly backwards are both equally acceptable. In North American English backward tends to be preferred to backwards, while in British English it is the other way round. As an adjective, on the other hand, the standard form is backward rather than backwards: uses such as a backwards glance (as opposed to a backward glance ) are unusual.
backwardation
back ¦ward |ation |bakwəˈdeɪʃ (ə )n | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Stock Exchange, Brit. a situation in which the spot or cash price of a commodity is higher than the forward price. Often contrasted with contango. • a situation in which the offer price for stock is lower than the bid. • historical a percentage paid by a person selling stock for the right of delaying its delivery.
backward classes
backward classes ▶plural noun Indian the members of a caste or community who are recommended for special help in education and employment.
backward-looking
backward-looking ▶adjective opposing progress and innovation; reactionary.
backwards
backwards |ˈbakwədz |(also backward ) ▶adverb 1 (of a movement ) in the direction of one's back: Penny glanced backwards | he took a step backwards. 2 (of an object's motion ) back towards the starting point: the tape rolled backwards. 3 in reverse of the usual direction or order: count backwards from twenty to ten. • towards the past: the songs look backwards to long-ago battles. • towards or into a worse state: a step backwards for the economy. PHRASES backwards and forwards in both directions alternately; to and fro. bend (or fall or lean ) over backwards informal make every effort to achieve something, especially to be fair or helpful: we have bent over backwards to ensure a fair trial for the defendants. know something backwards be entirely familiar with something.
backwards-compatible
backwards-compatible (also backward-compatible ) ▶adjective (of computer hardware or software ) able to be used with an older piece of hardware or software without special adaptation or modification. DERIVATIVES backwards compatibility noun
American Oxford Thesaurus
backward
backward adjective 1 a backward look: rearward, to /toward the rear, to /toward the back, behind one, reverse. ANTONYMS forward. 2 the decision was a backward step: retrograde, retrogressive, regressive, for the worse, in the wrong direction, downhill, negative. ANTONYMS progressive. 3 an economically backward country: underdeveloped, undeveloped; primitive, unsophisticated, benighted. ANTONYMS advanced, sophisticated. 4 he was not backward in displaying his talents: hesitant, reticent, reluctant; shy, diffident, bashful, timid; unwilling, afraid, loath, averse. ANTONYMS bold, confident. ▶adverb (also backwards ) 1 Penny glanced backward: toward the rear, rearward, behind one. ANTONYMS forward. 2 count backward from twenty to ten: in reverse, in reverse order; informal ass-backward, bass-ackward. ANTONYMS forward. USAGE backward, backwards In British English, the spelling backwards is more common than backward. In American English, the adverb form is sometimes spelled backwards (the ladder fell backwards ), but the adjective is almost always backward (a backward glance ). Directional words using the suffix -ward tend to have no s ending in American English, although backwards is more common than afterwards, towards, or forwards. The s ending often (but not always ) appears in the phrases backwards and forwards and bending over backwards. Usage notes show additional guidance on finer points of English usage.
Oxford Thesaurus
backward
backward adjective 1 a backward look | a backward movement: reverse; to /towards the rear, rearward, to /towards the back; behind one. ANTONYMS forward. 2 the decision was a backward step: retrograde, retrogressive, regressive, unprogressive, for the worse, in the wrong direction, downhill, negative. ANTONYMS progressive, forward-looking. 3 an economically backward country: underdeveloped, undeveloped, unsophisticated; primitive, benighted. ANTONYMS advanced, sophisticated. 4 he was not backward in displaying his talents: reticent about, hesitant about, reluctant to, unwilling to, afraid to, loath to, averse to; shy about, diffident about, unconfident about, bashful about, timid about, coy about; informal backward in coming forward. ANTONYMS confident, bold. ▶adverb the car rolled slowly backward. See backwards. WORD LINKS backward retro- related prefix, as in retrograde, retrocede Word Links sections supply words that are related to the headword but do not normally appear in a thesaurus because they are not actual synonyms.
backwards
backwards adverb 1 Penny glanced backwards | he took a step backwards: towards the rear, rearwards, backward, behind one. ANTONYMS forwards. 2 count backwards from twenty to ten: in reverse, from the highest to lowest, in reverse order. 3 his campaign is going backwards : deteriorate, decline, degenerate, worsen, get worse; informal go downhill, take a nosedive, go to pot, go to the dogs, hit the skids, go down the toilet, go down the tubes. ANTONYMS improve.
Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary
backward
back ward /bǽkwə r d / (! 強勢は第1音節 ) 副詞 比較なし (!｟主に英 ｠backwards ) 1 後ろへ , 後方へ (↔forward )▸ fall [walk ] backward 後ろへ倒れる [あとずさりする ].2 逆に , 逆さに ; 後ろ前に ▸ count backward from ten 10から逆に数える ▸ with a cap on backward 帽子を前後逆にかぶって 3 悪化 [退化 ]して ▸ The law represents a step backward .その法律は悪い方に向かっていることを示している .4 過去にさかのぼって .b à ckward (s ) and f ó rward (s )前後に, 行きつ戻りつ .b è nd [l è an ] over b á ckward (s ) to do (人を助けたり喜ばせたりするのに )懸命に努力する, 無理をして …する .kn ò w A b á ckward (s ) (and f ó rward (s ))A 〈物 事 〉を知りつくしている .形容詞 1 比較なし 〖通例 名詞 の前で 〗〈動作 視線などが 〉後ろ (へ )の, 後ろ向きの (↔forward )▸ without a backward glance 振り向きもしないで ▸ take a backward step 後退する (!しばしば比喩的にも用いる ) 2 〈国 社会などが 〉進歩 [発展 ]の遅い (→developing ); ｟やや古 けなして ｠〈子供などが 〉物覚えの悪い .3 «…する点で » 内気な, 気後れのする «in » .～̀ compatib í lity 〘コンピュ 〙下位互換性 .～ly 副詞 ～ness 名詞 U 後進性 ; 気後れ, しりごみ .
backward-looking
b à ckward-l ó oking 形容詞 ｟非難して ｠〈考え 行動などが 〉時代遅れの ; 回顧的な (↔forward-looking ).
backwards
b á ck w à rds 副詞 ｟主に英 ｠＝backward .
The Wordsmith Dictionary