be
AUX อยู่ เป็น คือ yu
BE
v.i. substantive, ppr. being; pp. been. [The sense is to stand, remain or be fixed; hence to continue. This verb is defective, and its defects are supplied by verbs from other roots, as, is, was, were, which have no radical connection with be. The case is the same with the substantive verb in most languages.] 1. To be fixed; to exist; to have a real state or existence, for a longer or shorter time. Let this mind be in you, which was in Christ Jesus. Philippians 2:5. To be, contents his natural desire. 2. To be made to be; to become. And they twain shall be one flesh. Matthew 19:5; Jeremiah 32:38. 3. To remain. Let the garment be as it was made. 4. To be present in a place. Where was I at the time? When will you be at my house? 5. To have a particular manner of being or happening; as, how is this affair? how was it? what were the circumstances? This verb is used as an auxiliary in forming the tenses of other verbs, and particularly in giving them the passive form; as, he has been disturbed. It forms, with the infinitive, a particular future tense, which often expresses duty, necessity or purpose; as, government is to be supported; we are to pay our just debts. Let be is to omit, or leave untouched; to let alone. Let be, said he, my prey.
a prefix, as in because, before, beset, bedeck, is the same word as by. It is common to the English, Saxon, Gothic, German, Dutch, Danish and Swedish languages. It occurs probably in the Russian, but is written po, as it is in possideo and a few other words in the Latin. It denotes nearness, closeness, about, or, at, from some root signifying to pass or to press. [See By. ] That this word is the Shemitic, used as a prefix, is certain, not only from its general applications, which may be seen by comparing the uses of the word, in the Heb. for instance, with those in the Saxon; but from its use in particular phrases, particularly in its use before the name of the Supreme being in swearing.
Be, v. i. [imp. Was; p. p. Been; p. pr. & vb. n. Being. ] Etym: [OE. been, beon, AS. beón to be, beóm I am; akin to OHG. bim, pim, G. bin, I am, Gael. & Ir. bu was, W. bod to be, Lith. bu-ti, O. Slav. by-ti, to be, L. fu-i I have been, fu-turus about to be, fo-re to be about to be, and perh to fieri to become, Gr. to be born, to be, Skr. bh to be. This verb is defective, and the parts lacking are supplied by verbs from other roots, is, was, which have no radical connection with be. The various forms, am, are, is, was, were, etc. , are considered grammatically as parts of the verb "to be ", which, with its conjugational forms, is often called the substantive verb. Future, Physic. ]
Be *. Etym: [AS. be, and in accented form bi, akin to OS. be and bi, OHG. bi, pi, and pi, MHG. be and bi, G. be and bei, Goth. bi, and perh. Gr. about (cf. AS. beseón to look about ). By, Amb-. ]
BE ▶abbreviation • Bachelor of Education. • Bachelor of Engineering. • bill of exchange. • Black English.
Be
Be ▶symbol the chemical element beryllium.
be |bē bi | ▶verb ( sing. present am |am |; are |är |; is |iz |; pl. present are; 1st and 3rd sing. past was |wəz, wäz |; 2nd sing. past and pl. past were |wər |; present subjunctive be ; past subjunctive were; present participle being |ˈbēiNG |; past participle been |bin | ) 1 (usu. there is /are ) exist: there are no easy answers | there once was a man | there must be something wrong | I think, therefore I am. • be present: there is a boy sitting on the step | there were no curtains around the showers | Are there any castles in this area? 2 [ with adverbial ] occur; take place: the exhibition will be in November | the opening event is on October 16 | that was before the war. • occupy a position in space: the Salvation Army store was on his left | she was not at the window. • stay in the same place or condition: she was here until about ten-thirty | he's a tough customer — let him be . • attend: the days when she was in school. • come; go; visit: he's from Missouri | I have just been to Thailand | the doctor's been here twice today. 3 [ as copular verb ] having the state, quality, identity, nature, role, etc. , specified: Amy was 91 | the floor was uneven | I want to be a teacher | father was not well | his hair's brown | it will be Christmas soon | “Be careful, ” Mr. Carter said. • cost: the tickets were $25. • amount to: one and one is two | two sixes are twelve. • represent: let A be a square matrix of order n. • signify: we were everything to each other. • consist of; constitute: the monastery was several three-story buildings. 4 informal say: when I got there, they were like “What are you doing here? ” ▶auxiliary verb 1 used with a present participle to form continuous tenses: they are coming | he had been reading | she will be waiting. 2 used with a past participle to form the passive mood: it was done | it is said | his book will be published. 3 [ with infinitive ] used to indicate something due to happen: construction is to begin next summer | I was to meet him at 6:30. • used to express obligation or necessity: you are to follow these orders | they said I was to remain on board. • used to express possibility: these snakes are to be found in North America | she was nowhere to be seen. • used to hypothesize about something that might happen: if I were to lose | if I was to tell you, you'd think I was crazy | were she to cure me, what could I offer her? 4 archaic used with the past participle of intransitive verbs to form perfect tenses: I am returned | all humanity is fallen. PHRASES as /that was archaic as someone or something was previously called: General Dunstaple had married Miss Hughes that was. the be-all and end-all informal a feature of an activity or a way of life that is of greater importance than any other. be oneself act naturally, according to one's character and instincts. be that as it may see may 1. been there, done that see there. not be oneself not feel well. -to-be [ in combination ] of the future: my bride-to-be. PHRASAL VERBS be about see about. be off go away; leave: he was anxious to be off. ORIGIN Old English bēon, an irregular and defective verb, whose full conjugation derives from several originally distinct verbs. The forms am and is are from an Indo-European root shared by Latin sum and est. The forms was and were are from an Indo-European root meaning ‘remain. ’ The forms be and been are from an Indo-European root shared by Latin fui ‘I was, ’ fio ‘I become ’ and Greek phuein ‘bring forth, cause to grow. ’ The origin of are is uncertain. usage: For a discussion of whether it is correct to say that must be he at the door and it is I rather than that must be him at the door and it is me , see usage at personal pronoun .
BE ▶abbreviation • Bachelor of Education. • Bachelor of Engineering. • bill of exchange.
be |biː | ▶verb ( sing. present am |am, əm |; are |ɑː, ə |; is |ɪz |; pl. present are; 1st and 3rd sing. past was |wɒz, wəz |; 2nd sing. past and pl. past were |wəː, wə |; present subjunctive be; past subjunctive were; present participle being; past participle been |biːn, bɪn | ) 1 (usu. there is /are ) exist: there are no easy answers | there once was a man | there must be something wrong | I think, therefore I am. • be present: there were no curtains around the showers | are there any castles in this area? 2 [ with adverbial ] occur; take place: the exhibition will be in November | the opening event is on October 16 | that was before the war. • occupy a position in space: Salvation Street was on his left | she was not at the window. • stay in the same place or condition: he's a tough customer — let him be . • attend: I'm at school doing A levels. • come; go; visit: he's from Missouri | I have just been to Thailand | the doctor's been twice today. 3 [ as copular verb ] having the state, quality, identity, nature, role, etc. , specified: Amy was 91 | the floor was uneven | I want to be a teacher | father was not well | it will be Christmas soon | ‘Be careful, ’ Mr Carter said. • cost: the tickets were £25. • amount to: one and one is two. • represent: let A be a square matrix of order n. • signify: we were everything to each other. • consist of; constitute: the monastery was several three-storey buildings. 4 informal say: last time I saw her she was all ‘You need to quit smoking! ’. ▶auxiliary verb 1 used with a present participle to form continuous tenses: they are coming | he had been reading | she will be waiting. 2 used with a past participle to form the passive voice: it was done | it is said | his book will be published. 3 [ with infinitive ] used to indicate something that is due or destined to happen: construction is to begin next summer | his mum was never to see him win. • used to express obligation or necessity: you are to follow these orders | they said I was to remain on board. • used to express possibility: these snakes are to be found in North America | she was nowhere to be seen. • used to hypothesize about something that might happen: if I were to lose | if I was to tell you, you'd think I was mad. 4 archaic used with the past participle of intransitive verbs to form perfect tenses: I am returned. PHRASES as /that was as someone or something was previously called: former Sex Pistol John Lydon (Rotten, as was ). the be-all and end-all informal a feature of an activity or a way of life that is of greater importance than any other. be at informal be doing or trying to do: what are you at there? be away dialect leave or set out at once: I'm away to my work. be off [ often in imperative ] go away; leave: be off with you! be oneself act naturally, according to one's character and instincts. been (or been and gone ) and —— Brit. informal used to express surprise or annoyance at someone's actions: they've been and carted Mum off to hospital. been there, done that see there. be that as it may see may 1. not be oneself not feel in one's usual physical or mental state. -to-be [ in combination ] of the future: my bride-to-be. ORIGIN Old English bēon, an irregular and defective verb, whose full conjugation derives from several originally distinct verbs. The forms am and is are from an Indo-European root shared by Latin sum and est. The forms was and were are from an Indo-European root meaning ‘remain ’. The forms be and been are from an Indo-European root shared by Latin fui ‘I was ’, fio ‘I become ’, and Greek phuein ‘bring forth, cause to grow ’. The origin of are is uncertain. usage: For a discussion of whether it is correct to say that must be he at the door and it is I rather than that must be him at the door and it is me , see usage at personal pronoun .
be verb 1 there was once a king: exist, have being, have existence; live, be alive, have life, breathe, draw breath, be extant. 2 the trial is tomorrow at half past one: occur, happen, take place, come about, arise, crop up, transpire, fall, materialize, ensue; literary come to pass, befall, betide. 3 the bed is over there: be situated, be located, be found, be present, be set, be positioned, be placed, be installed. 4 it has been like this for hours: remain, stay, last, continue, survive, endure, persist, prevail; wait, linger, hold on, hang on.
be verb 1 there was this boy who lived next door: exist, have being, have existence; live, be alive, have life, breathe, draw breath, be extant, be viable. 2 what theatres will there be for them to visit? be present, be around, be available, be near, be nearby, be at hand. 3 the trial is tomorrow: occur, happen, take place, come about, arise, crop up, transpire, fall, materialize, ensue; literary come to pass, befall, betide. 4 Pat was on the sofa in the living room: be situated, be located, be found, be present, be set, be positioned, be placed, be installed. 5 after she'd been there a couple of hours she ordered a drink: remain, stay, wait, linger; hold on, hang on; last, continue, survive, endure, persist, prevail, obtain. 6 I'm at college: attend, go to, be present, take part; frequent, haunt, patronize. 7 tickets are £15: cost, be priced at, sell for, be valued at, fetch, come to; informal set one back, go for. 8 one and one is two: amount to, come to, add up to, run to, number, make, total, equal, be equal to, be equivalent to, comprise, represent; Brit. tot up to.
Be Abkürzung Beryllium
BE Abkürzung Abkürzung für: Broteinheit
Bé
Bé Abkürzung Baumégrad
B e symbole Symbole chimique de béryllium.
be 1 nombre femenino Nombre de la letra b .También be alta y be larga . VÉASE ce por be; por hache o por be .
BE 〖 bioengineering 〗 →バイオテクノロジー
BE 〖 Kingdom of Belgium 〗ベルギー 。ISO の国 地域コードの一 。
Be 〖 beryllium 〗ベリリウムの元素記号 。
Bé 〖フランス Baumé 〗液体の比重の計量単位ボーメを表す記号 。
be /bi , ｟強 ｠biː / (! be動詞は3種類の異なる活用形が混在していたため, 現在のような複雑な活用形ができあがった ) 動詞 (!直説法現在単数は一人称am, 二人称are, 三人称is, 同複数形は各人称ともare; 直説法過去単数形は一 三人称was, 二人称were, 同複数形は各人称ともwere; 仮定法はすべての数 人称とも現在形be, 過去形were; 命令形 不定詞 (助動詞に従う時を含む )be; 現在分詞being; 過去分詞been ) .語法 beの変化形 1 古い二人称単数形として直説法現在形 (thou ) art; 直説法過去形 (thou ) wast [wert ]; 仮定法過去形 (thou ) wertがある .2 ｟くだけて /話 ｠では次の短縮形を用いることがある ▸ 'm (＝am ); 're (＝are ); 's (＝is ); aren't (＝are not ); isn't (＝is not ); wasn't (＝was not ); weren't (＝were not );▸ ｟俗 ｠ain't (＝am not , are not , is not ); ｟アイル スコット方言 ｠amn't (＝am not ).疑問文に対する答えなど, be動詞で文が終わるときには短縮形は用いない ▸ “Are you a student? ” “Yes, I am [╳I'm ].”「あなたは学生ですか 」「はい, そうです 」3 仮定法現在形beは次の場合に用いられる. a. 提案 要求 必要性などを表す 動詞 形容詞 に続くthat節において (→should 7 )▸ We insisted that Mary be chosen as our leader .私たちはメリーが指導者に選ばれるべきだと主張した b. 古い慣用的表現において (↓成句 ).4 仮定法過去形wereは次の場合に用いられる. a. 条件節において ▸ If I were [Were I ] a teacher, I wouldn't scold students .もし私が教師なら, 生徒をしかることはしないだろう b. wishに続く (that )節で ▸ I wish I were young .私が若かったらいいのになあ 自動詞 【連結 】1 a. 〖名称 状態 性質など 〗〖be C 〗〈人 物 事が 〉Cである , Cだ [です ]; Cになる (→get 自動詞 2 類義 ) (!(1 )Cには 名詞 形容詞 前置詞 過分 前置詞句のほか, to不定詞 動名 that節 wh句 節などがくる. (2 )通例is beingなどの進行形にはしないが, 一時的な性質を表す場合には可能; ↓助動詞 1 ｟語法 ｠. (3 )「Cになる 」の意は 助動詞 の後や不定詞で好まれる ) ▸ “What's that? ” “(It's ) a pair of earrings.”「あれは何ですか 」「イヤリングです 」▸ John has been very quiet .ジョンはとてもおとなしくしている ▸ I will be thirteen years old next month .私は来月で13歳になります (!｟コーパス ｠年齢を言う場合I will become …は ｟まれ ｠) ▸ Three and three is [are ] six .3たす3は6 ▸ School is over .学校は終わった (!isは 「終わっている 」現在の状態をさす ) ▸ He wants to be a musician .彼は音楽家になりたいと思っている (!｟コーパス ｠He wants to become …より圧倒的に普通 ) ▸ He 's from Peru .彼はペルー出身です (≒He comes from Peru. )▸ This knife is silver .このナイフは銀製です (≒This knife is made of silver. )▸ Be careful !注意しろ (!(1 )命令形は自制可能で非状態的性質を表す 形容詞 が続く時に可能; ╳Be tall [rich ]. などとしない. (2 )強意の場合前にdoを伴うことがある: Do be careful. 本当に気をつけなさい ) ▸ It must have been very difficult .それは難しかったに違いない (!推量の 助動詞 と完了形で過去の内容を表す ) ▸ The best way is to plan carefully .慎重な計画が最善の方法です ▸ All you have to do is (to ) sleep well .君はぐっすり眠りさえすればよい (!toを省略するのは ｟くだけて ｠; ╳… is sleeping well. としない ) ▸ My hobby is reading [｟まれ ｠ to read ] mysteries .私の趣味はミステリーを読むことです ▸ The trouble is (that ) I never have time .困ったことに時間がありません (!｟くだけて ｠ではthatをしばしば省略 ) ▸ This is why I was late .こういうわけで遅刻しました (!thisは前述の内容をさす ) ▸ Our boss is a king .私たちの上司は王様です (!隠喩表現; 「王様のようです 」という直喩はOur boss is like a king. となる ) ▸ A promise is a promise .約束は約束だ (から守らなければならない ) (!主語と補語に同一の 名詞 を用いる修辞的技巧 ) 表現 コーパス 名詞 ＋ is to do /doing 名詞 ＋ is to do [do ing ] (名詞 は …することだ )の型で用いられる主な名詞は以下のとおり. 未来に関わる内容はto do , 現在 過去に関わる内容は do ingを従える傾向がある. ｟くだけて ｠ではtoを省略することがある ▸ the [one's ] aim is «to do », the alternative is «to do », the answer is «to do, do ing », the challenge is «to do », the first [second ] is «to do », one's [the ] goal is «to do », one's hobby is «do ing , ｟まれ ｠to do », the idea is «to do », one's intention is «to do », one's [the ] job is «to do, do ing », the key is «to do, do ing », one's mission is «to do », the object is «to do », one's objective is «to do », one's orders are «to do », the plan is «to do », the point is «to do, do ing », the problem is «to do, do ing », the purpose is «to do », the secret is «to do, do ing », the solution is «to do », the thing is «to do, do ing », the trick is «to do, do ing ».b. 〖時 状況など 〗〖it be C 〗〈時 事などが 〉Cである , Cだ [です ] (!Cは 名詞 形容詞 ; itは天候など周囲の状況を漠然とさしたり, 特定の意味を持たず形式的に主語の位置に置かれる; 後者の場合にはto不定詞, that節, wh節, 動名 がCに後続する ) ▸ “What time is it ?” “It's ten to five. ”「今何時ですか 」「5時10分前です 」▸ (It's ) nice weather, isn't it ?いい天気ですね (!付加疑問文については →not 副詞 1 d ) ▸ It's been a long day .長い1日だった ▸ It is important for you to know [that you know ] the fact .君が事実を知っていることが大事だ (!形式主語itを伴う構文のくわしい用法については, it 代名詞 4 およびCとして現れるそれぞれの語を参照 ) ▸ It was Tom that [who ] broke the window .窓ガラスを割ったのはトムだった (!強調構文; →it 9 ) c. ｟話 非標準 ｠〖直接話法; be (all )〗…と言う (→say 他動詞 1 a 語法 )▸ I'd be going, “So I'll leave, ” and he'd be , “No, I'll leave, ” and I'm going, “Well all right, you leave, ” and he'll be all , “Well, I'm not leaving, you leave! ”「じゃあ私が出て行くよ 」と私が言えば 「いや, 私が出て行くよ 」と彼なら言うだろうね, それで 「よし, いいだろう, 君が出て行け 」と私が言うと 「いや, 私は出て行かない, 君が出て行け 」と応ずるだろうね (!goの用法に注意 →go 1 他動詞 2 b ) 【存在 】2 〖be ＋副詞 〗 (!副詞 は場所 時の表現 ) a. 〈人 物が 〉いる, ある ▸ Mary is in her room .メリーは自分の部屋にいます ▸ He'll be here by 6 .彼は6時までにはここに来るでしょう (≒He will arrive here by 6.)▸ The school is only five minutes away .学校はほんの5分ほど行ったところにあります ▸ In the garden was an old bench .その庭には古いベンチがあった (!場所の副詞 (句 )が文頭にくると主語とbeが倒置される ) ▸ Here we are .さあ着きましたよ (!主語が 代名詞 の場合は倒置されない ) ▸ Stop teasing your brother. Let him be !弟をからかうのはやめて, 放っておきなさい 語法 不定の主語と存在のbe ①存在を表す際, a, someなどを伴う不定の 名詞 が主語となる場合には通例 (noを伴う場合には常に )there構文を用いる ▸ There is a man in the room .部屋に男が1人いる (!A man is in the room. は不自然 ) .これは, 文の先頭位置には聞き手がすでに知っている情報が, 文末に近い位置には新しい情報が置かれる傾向があることと関係する. 不定名詞句は一般的に新情報であるため, 話し手はthere構文を用いることによってなるべく文の後ろの方に置こうとする. 逆に, theを含む定名詞句は旧情報であるので, there構文には現れない ▸ The man is in the room. その男は部屋にいる (╳ There is the man in the room. としない ).②there構文のくわしい用法については →there 1a 語法 .b. 〈事が 〉起こる , 行われる ▸ My vacation is in July .私の休暇は7月です ▸ Where will the party be ?パーティはどこで行われますか c. 〖have been ＋ 副詞 〗〖経験 〗〈人が 〉(…に )行ったことがある (!副詞 は到達点を表す ) ; 〖完了 〗(…に )行って (帰って )来たところだ (!副詞 は到達点 場所を表す ) ; 〖継続 〗(…に )住んで [滞在して ]いる , (…で )働いて [待って ]いる (!副詞 は場所 継続などを表す ) ▸ I have been to Italy once .私はイタリアに1度行ったことがある (!have gone to Aとの違いは →go 1 自動詞 3 ) ▸ Has the doctor been yet? ｟英 ｠医者はもう来ましたか (≒｟米 ｠Has the doctor come yet? )▸ I have been to a party [in the bathroom ].パーティ [トイレ ]に行ってきたところだ ▸ “How long have you been in Paris? ” “I've been here since April [for two months ].”「パリに来られてどのくらいになりますか 」「4月からです [2か月ほどになります ]」d. 〖to不定詞 /助動詞 の後で 〗〈人が 〉(…に )行く , (…を )訪ねる, 訪問する (!通例 副詞 は到達点を表す ) ▸ I'm planning to be in Chicago next week .来週シカゴに行く予定だ ▸ I'll be there in 20 minutes .20分ほどしたらそちらに行くよ .3 ｟主に文 かたく ｠〈神 人 物が 〉存在する , ある, いる (exist ); 〈人が 〉生存する (live ) (!短縮形にしない ) ▸ God is .神は存在する ▸ I think, therefore, I am .｟引用 ｠われ思う, ゆえにわれ在り ｟哲学者デカルトの言葉 ｠▸ To be or not to be , that is the question .｟引用 ｠生きるべきか, 死ぬべきか, それが問題だ 〘Shakespeare作 Hamlet より 〙助動詞 【進行形 】1 〖～ doing 〗a. 〈人 物 事が 〉…している (ところだ ) (!現在分詞と結びついて発話の時点で実際に起こっていることや一時的な習慣を表す; そのほかにいくつかの特別な用法がある ) ▸ Mary is writing a letter now .メリーは今手紙を書いている ▸ She 's learning to swim this summer .彼女はこの夏水泳を習っている ▸ I was studying when you came .君が来た時私は勉強をしていた (!過去進行形は過去の一時的状況を表し, 時に背景の状況を示すために用いられる ) ▸ I'll be playing tennis on Saturday afternoon .土曜の午後はテニスをしているでしょう (!未来における一時的状況を表す ) ▸ She 's always complaining .彼女はいつも不平ばかり言っている (!alwaysなどの 副詞 を伴って, 相手に対するいらだち 非難などを表す ) ▸ I 'm wondering if you could help us .私たちを手伝っていただけないでしょうか (!丁寧で控えめな依頼を表す; 過去進行形を用いてI was wondering … とするとより丁寧になる; →wonder 他動詞 2 語法 ) ▸ Where have you been hiding ?(今まで )どこに隠れていたの 語法 進行形の用法 ①直説法現在形が永続的な状態 習慣を表すのに対し, 現在進行形は一時的な状況を表す ▸ I live in Tokyo .私は東京に住んでいます (!永続的 ) ▸ I 'm living in Tokyo .私は (今のところ )東京に住んでいます (!一時的 ) .②以下の 動詞 は通例進行形では用いられない. a. 状態 関係を表す 動詞 :be, belong, consist, contain, cost, depend, deserve, have, matter, own, remain, resembleなど .b. 知覚 感情 思考を表す 動詞 :believe, doubt, forget, hate, imagine, know, like, love, mean, refuse, see, smell, sound, suppose, taste, understand, want, wishなど .③通例進行形で用いられない 動詞 も, 次のような場合には進行形になる. a. 一時的な状態が意図される場合 ▸ She is being honest .彼女は (今は )正直にふるまっている .b. 主語の意図的な行為を表す場合 ▸ I 'm tasting the soup .スープの味見をしています .c. 状態の変化が表される場合 ▸ He is resembling his father more and more these days .彼は最近父親にますます似てきている .b. 〈人 物 事が 〉…する予定である , …するつもりである (!(1 )予定を表す進行形はその出来事の準備を少なくとも心理的にすでに始めて進行途中であることを暗示し, 通例近い未来を表す.(2 )通例発着 往来を表す 動詞 と共に用いられるが, 未来を表す副詞 (句 )を伴う場合にはそれ以外の 動詞 とも共起する ) ▸ She is arriving this afternoon .彼女は今日の午後到着する予定です ▸ I will be seeing him again in a few days .2, 3日のうちに彼にまた会うことになってます (!will be doingは出来事が主語の意志と無関係に起こることを含意する; I will see him … は主語の意図 約束を表す ) 【受動態 】2 〖～ done 〗〈人 物 事が 〉…される ; …されている (!他動詞の 過分 と結びついて受け身の動作または状態を表す ) ▸ The temple was damaged by the earthquake .その寺院は地震により損傷を受けた ▸ The singer is known to everyone .その歌手はみんなに知られている ▸ His car is still being repaired .彼の車はまだ修理中だ (!進行形の受動態 ) ▸ This rice has been cooked too long .この米は長く炊きすぎた (!完了形の受動態 ) 語法 受動態の用法 1 「自動詞 ＋前置詞 」からなる句動詞の中には, 他動詞と同じように受け身にできるものがある ▸ I was laughed at by my friends .私は友人たちに笑われた ▸ The problem should be talked about a lot .その問題は大いに議論されるべきだ 2 過分 が次の条件を満たす場合, be done は 「連結の be ＋形容詞化した 過分 」と見なされる. a. very, quite, rather, so, tooなどの程度を表す 副詞 によって修飾される ▸ I was very surprised to hear that .私はそれを聞いてとても驚いた .b. 比較変化が可能 ▸ I am more interested in football than in baseball .私は野球よりもサッカーに興味がある .3 動作を表す受動態は be の代わりに get によっても表される (→get 自動詞 3a 語法 )▸ The band got paid nothing .そのバンドは一銭も払ってもらえなかった .【不定詞と共に 】3 〖be to do 〗 (!不定詞と結びついてこれから [その時から ]行われる 起こることについて述べる; 単に 「…することである 」の意味で用いられる連結のbe ＋to doとの違いに注意; ↑動詞 1 a ) . a. 〖予定 〗｟かたく ｠〈人などが 〉…する予定である , …することになっている , …するはずである (!公式の予定 約束などで好まれる ) ▸ He is to arrive tomorrow morning .彼は明日の朝到着するはずです ▸ She was to have left next day .彼女は次の日に出発する予定だったのだが (!完了不定詞は過去に実現しなかった予定を表す; She was to leave … では実現したかどうか不明 ) ▸ There's to be a summit meeting next month .来月首脳会議が行われる予定だ ▸ The best is yet to come .まだ最善の状態には達していない ▸ Parliament to Dissolve ｟報道 ｠国会が解散へ (!新聞の見出しではbeが省略される ) b. 〖義務 指示 〗｟かたく ｠〈人などが 〉…すべきである , …しなければならない (!(1 )公式の義務 指示などで好まれる. (2 )否定文は禁止を表す ) ▸ You are to tell me of any problems .何か問題があれば私に言いなさい (≒Tell me of any problems.)▸ I don't know what's to be done .私は何をすべきかわかりません ▸ No one is to be out in the street without permission .許可なしに道路へ出てはいけない (!否定文は禁止を表す ) c. 〖意図 〗〖条件節で 〗〈人などが 〉…したい , …するつもりである ▸ Keep my advice in mind if you are to get promoted .昇進したいのなら私の助言を心に留めておきなさい (≒ ｟かたく ｠…in order to get promoted )d. 〖可能 〗〖通例否定文 条件節で 〗…できる (!通例受け身形不定詞と共に ) ▸ The boy was nowhere to be found .その少年はどこにも見あたらなかった (≒We couldn't find the boy anywhere. )e. 〖運命 〗｟文 ｠〖通例過去形で 〗…する運命だ , その後 …することとなる ▸ I know he didn't like being dropped, but it was to teach him a lesson .彼がはずされたくなかったというのはわかるが, それは後に彼にとって教訓となった ▸ They were to live happily ever after .それから彼らはずっと幸せに暮らしましたとさ (!おとぎ話の最後に来る決まり文句 ) f. 〖目的 〗〈物が 〉…するためのものである ▸ His e-mail was to call a meeting .彼の電子メールは会議を招集するためのものだった 4 ｟かたく ｠〖if A were to do 〗もし仮にA 〈人 物 事 〉が …するようなことがあれば (!仮定法で仮の話の前提に用いられ, 実現の可能性の度合いには関係ない; shouldとの違いについては →if 接続詞 5 a 類義 ) ▸ If you were [｟かたく 文 ｠Were you ] to die tomorrow, what would you do? もし明日死ぬとしたら, あなたは何をしますか 【完了形 】5 ｟古 ｠〖～ done 〗…した , …している (!come, rise, fall, growなどの, 移動や状態変化を表す 動詞 の過去分詞と結びついて完了形を作る; 現在ではbe gone, be done, be finished以外はhave ＋過去分詞で表すのが普通 ) ▸ His memory was gone .彼は記憶をなくした ▸ Be gone !行け, 行ってしまえ ▸ You'll get it back just as soon as I'm done .終わったらすぐ返すよ ▸ Your job is finished .君の仕事は終わった b è it é ver so …たとえどんなに …であっても ▸ Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home .どんなに粗末であっても, わが家にまさるところはない (≒However humble it may be, …)B è it s ó! ＝so be it (→so 1 副詞 ).if n é ed be 必要あらば .if so b é that もしそうならば .… th à t í s [w á s; is to b é, shall b é ]現在 [もと; 将来 ]の …▸ Mrs. Evans, Miss White that was エバンス夫人, すなわちもとのホワイト嬢
The Wordsmith Dictionary
The Wordsmith Dictionary