English-Thai Dictionary

refinement

N ความ ละเอียด ปรา ณี ต  civilization cultivation sophistication kwam-la-iad-pra-nid

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

REFINEMENT

n. 1. The act of purifying by separating from a substance all extraneous matter; a clearing from dross, dregs or recrement; as the refinement of metals or liquors.
2. The state of being pure.
The more bodies are of a kin to spirit in subtilty and refinement, the more diffusive are they.
3. Polish of language; elegance; purity.
From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the corruptions in our language have not equaled its refinements.
4. Polish of manners; elegance; nice observance of the civilities of social intercourse and of graceful decorum. Refinement of manners is often found in persons of corrupt morals.
5. Purity of taste; nice perception of beauty and propriety in literature and the arts.
6. Purity of mind and morals; nice perception and observance of rectitude in moral principles and practice.
7. Purity of heart; the state of the heart purified from sensual and evil affections. This refinement is the effect of christian principles.
8. Artificial practice; subtilty; as the refinements of cunning.
9. Affectation of nicety, or of elegant improvement; as the refinements of reasoning or philosophy.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

REFINEMENT

Re *fine "ment (r *fn "ment ), n. Etym: [Cf. F. raffinement. ]

 

1. The act of refining, or the state of being refined; as, the refinement or metals; refinement of ideas. The more bodies are of kin to spirit in subtilty and refinement, the more diffusive are they. Norris.From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the corruptions in our language have not equaled its refinements. Swift.

 

2. That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic. "The refinements of irregular cunning. " Rogers.

 

Syn. -- Purification; polish; politeness; gentility; elegance; cultivation; civilization.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

refinement

re fine ment |riˈfīnmənt rəˈfaɪnmənt | ▶noun the process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance: the refinement of uranium. • the improvement or clarification of something by the making of small changes: this gross figure needs considerable refinement | recent refinements to production techniques. • cultured elegance in behavior or manner: her carefully cultivated veneer of refinement. • sophisticated and superior good taste: the refinement of Hellenistic art.

 

Oxford Dictionary

refinement

re ¦fine |ment |rɪˈfʌɪnm (ə )nt | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance: the refinement of uranium. • the improvement or clarification of something by the making of small changes: this gross figure needs considerable refinement | [ count noun ] : recent refinements to production techniques. • cultured elegance in behaviour or manner: her carefully cultivated veneer of refinement. • sophisticated and superior good taste: the refinement of Hellenistic art.

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

refinement

refinement noun 1 the refinement of sugar: purification, refining, processing, treatment, treating. 2 all writing needs endless refinement: improvement, polishing, honing, fine-tuning, touching up, finishing off, revision, editing, reworking. 3 a woman of refinement: style, elegance, finesse, polish, sophistication, urbanity; politeness, grace, graciousness, good manners, good breeding, gentility; cultivation, taste, discrimination.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

refinement

refinement noun 1 the refinement of sugar: purification, refining, clarifying, clarification, cleansing, straining, sifting, filtering, filtration, rarefaction, distillation, concentration, processing, treatment, treating; technical rectification. ANTONYMS adulteration. 2 all programs have bugs and need endless refinement: improvement, perfection, polishing, honing, fine-tuning, touching up, revision, editing, copy-editing; completion, finishing, finishing off, the final /finishing touches, crowning, consummation; informal tweeking. 3 a woman who spoke with self-conscious refinement: style, elegance, finesse, polish, finish, sophistication, urbanity; civility, politeness, grace, graciousness, courtliness, good manners, good breeding, gentility; cultivation, culture, taste, discrimination; French politesse.

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

refinement

re f í ne ment 名詞 1 C 改良 [改善 ]箇所 [部品 ]; 改良版 .2 U (物 事の )改良 [改善 ].3 U (物質の )精製 [精錬 ].4 U (上流社会特有の )上品さ, 優雅さ .