English-Thai Dictionary
which
ADJ อัน ไหน สิ่ง ไหน an-nai
which
PRON สิ่ง ที่ อัน ที่ อัน ซึ่ง that sing-ti
whichever
ADJ ไม่ว่า อัน ไหน ก็ตาม ไม่ว่า สิ่ง ไหน ก็ตาม mai-wa-an-nai-kor-tam
whichever
PRON ไม่ว่า อัน ไหน ก็ตาม ไม่ว่า สิ่ง ไหน ก็ตาม mai-wa-an-nai-kor-tam
whichsoever
ADJ ไม่ว่า อัน ไหน ก็ตาม (คำ โบรา ณ ไม่ว่า สิ่ง ไหน ก็ตาม whichever mai-wa-an-nai-kor-tam
whichsoever
PRON ไม่ว่า อัน ไหน ก็ตาม (คำ โบรา ณ ไม่ว่า สิ่ง ไหน ก็ตาม whichever mai-wa-an-nai-kor-tam
Webster's 1828 Dictionary
WHICH
pron. relative or substitute. [I have not found this word in any other language. I think it may be from the root of quick. See What and Wight. ] 1. A word called a relative or pronoun relative, because it relates to another word or thing, usually to some word that precedes it in the sentence. I call it also a substitute, as it supplies the place of a noun, or of an adjective, or of a sentence or clause. 1. The garden which I cultivate, that is, the garden, which garden I cultivate. 2. We are bound to obey all the divine commands, which we cannot do without divine aid. Here which represents the words, obey the divine commands. 3. You declared him to be innocent, which he is not. Here which stands for innocent. In the foregoing uses, which is not used int eh masculine gender, that is, it does not in modern usage represent a person.
2. Which is much used in asking questions, for the purpose of obtaining the designation of a particular person or thing by the answer, and in this use, it is of the masculine as well as of the neuter gender. There are two or three things to be done; which shall I do first? Which man is it?
Which of you convinceth me of sin? John 8:46.
For which of those works do ye stone me? John 1 :32.
3. That which. Take which you will, that is, take any one of the whole.
The which, by the which. The use of the before which, is obsolete.
WHICHEVER, WHICHSOEVER
pron. Whether one or the other. Whichever road you take, it will conduct you to town.
Webster's 1913 Dictionary
WHICH
Which, pron. Etym: [OE. which, whilk, AS. hwilc, hwylc, hwelc, from the root of hwa who + lic body; hence properly, of what sort or kind; akin to OS. hwilik which, OFries. hwelik, D. welk, G. welch, OHG. welih, hwelih, Icel. hvilikr, Dan. & Sw. hvilken, Goth. hwileiks, hwleiks; cf. L. qualis. Who, and Like, a., and cf. Such. ]
1. Of what sort or kind; what; what a; who. [Obs. ] And which they weren and of what degree. Chaucer.
2. A interrogative pronoun, used both substantively and adjectively, and in direct and indirect questions, to ask for, or refer to, an individual person or thing among several of a class; as, which man is it which woman was it which is the house he asked which route he should take; which is best, to live or to die See the Note under What, pron. , 1. Which of you convinceth me of sin John viii. 46.
3. A relative pronoun, used esp. in referring to an antecedent noun or clause, but sometimes with reference to what is specified or implied in a sentence, or to a following noun or clause (generally involving a reference, however, to something which has preceded ). It is used in all numbers and genders, and was formerly used of persons. And when thou fail'st -- as God forbid the hour! --Must Edward fall, which peril heaven forfend! Shak. God. .. rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. Gen. ii. 2. Our Father, which art in heaven. Matt. vi. 9. The temple of God is holy, which temple ye are. 1 Cor. iii. 17.
4. A compound relative or indefinite pronoun, standing for any one which, whichever, that which, those which, the. .. which, and the like; as, take which you will.
Note: The which was formerly often used for which. The expressions which that, which as, were also sometimes used by way of emphasis. Do not they blaspheme that worthy name by the which ye are called James ii. 7.
Note: Which, referring to a series of preceding sentences, or members of a sentence, may have all joined to it adjectively. "All which, as a method of a proclamation, is very convenient. " Carlyle.
WHICHEVER; WHICHSOEVER
WHICHEVER; WHICHSOEVER Which *ev "er, Which `so *ev "er, pron. & a.
Defn: Whether one or another; whether one or the other; which; that one (of two or more ) which; as, whichever road you take, it will lead you to town.
New American Oxford Dictionary
which
which |(h )wiCH (h )wɪtʃ | ▶interrogative pronoun & determiner asking for information specifying one or more people or things from a definite set: [ as pronoun ] : which are the best varieties of grapes for long keeping? | which of the suspects murdered him? | [ as determiner ] : which way is the wind blowing? ▶relative pronoun & determiner used referring to something previously mentioned when introducing a clause giving further information: [ as pronoun ] : a conference in Vienna, which ended on Friday | [ after prep. ] : it was a crisis for which he was totally unprepared | [ as determiner, after prep. ] : your claim ought to succeed, in which case the damages will be substantial. PHRASES which is which used when two or more people or things are difficult to distinguish from each other: there is no confusion as to which is which. ORIGIN Old English hwilc, from the Germanic bases of who and alike . usage: In US English, it is usually recommended that which be employed only for nonrestrictive (or nonessential ) clauses: the horse, which is in the paddock, is six years old (the which clause contains a nonessential fact, noted in passing; the horse would be six years old wherever it was ). A that clause is restrictive (or essential ), as it identifies a particular thing: the horse that is in the paddock is six years old (not any horse, but the one in the paddock ). See also usage at restrictive and that .
whichaway
which a way |ˈ (h )wiCHəˌwā ˈ (h )wɪtʃəˌweɪ | ▶adverb informal or dialect 1 in which direction? 2 how? in which way? ▶relative adverb however; in whatever way. PHRASES every whichaway in a disorderly fashion: books are skewed and lounge against one another every whichaway.
whichever
which ev er |ˌ (h )wiCHˈevər wɪtʃˈevər | ▶relative determiner & pronoun used to emphasize a lack of restriction in selecting one of a definite set of alternatives: [ as determiner ] : choose whichever brand you prefer | [ as pronoun ] : their pension should be increased annually in line with earnings or prices, whichever is the higher. • regardless of which: [ as determiner ] : they were in a position to intercept him whichever way he ran | [ as pronoun ] : whichever they choose, we must accept it.
whichsoever
which so ev er |ˌ (h )wiCHsōˈevər ˈˌ (h )wɪtʃsoʊˈɛvər | ▶determiner & pronoun archaic whichever: [ as pronoun ] : on any occasion whichsoever it be.
Oxford Dictionary
which
which |wɪtʃ | ▶interrogative pronoun & determiner asking for information specifying one or more people or things from a definite set: [ as pronoun ] : which are the best varieties of grapes for long keeping? | which of the suspects murdered him? | [ as determiner ] : which way is the wind blowing? ▶relative pronoun & determiner used referring to something previously mentioned when introducing a clause giving further information: [ as pronoun ] : a conference in Vienna which ended on Friday | [ after prep. ] : it was a crisis for which he was totally unprepared | [ as determiner, after prep. ] : your claim ought to succeed, in which case the damages will be substantial. PHRASES which is which used to convey that it is difficult to distinguish between two or more people or things: there is no confusion as to which is which. ORIGIN Old English hwilc, from the Germanic bases of who and alike . usage: On the differences between which and that in relative clauses, see usage at that .
whichaway
whichaway |ˈwɪtʃəwɛɪ |US informal or dialect ▶interrogative adverb 1 in which direction? 2 how? in which way? ▶relative adverb however; in whatever way. PHRASES every whichaway in a disorderly fashion: books are skewed and lounge against one another every whichaway.
whichever
which |ever |wɪtʃˈɛvə | ▶relative determiner & pronoun used to emphasize a lack of restriction in selecting one of a definite set of alternatives: [ as determiner ] : choose whichever brand you prefer | [ as pronoun ] : their pension should be increased annually in line with earnings or prices, whichever is the higher. • regardless of which: [ as determiner ] : they were in a position to intercept him whichever way he ran | [ as pronoun ] : whichever they choose, we must accept it.
whichsoever
which |so ¦ever |wɪtʃsəʊˈɛvə | ▶determiner & pronoun archaic whichever: [ as pronoun ] : on any occasion whichsoever it be.
Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary
which
which /(h )wɪtʃ |wɪtʃ / (! 一般にwhichで始まる疑問文は下降調となる ) 代名詞 〖単複両扱い 〗 (!所有格はof which, whose ) 【疑問詞 】 (!一般に疑問文では強勢を受けるが, 間接疑問文では受けない ) .1 〖疑問代名詞 〗(一定数のものの中から )どれ , どの人 [物, 事 ], (2つのうち )どちらのほう (!whichとwhatの使い分けについては →what 代名詞 1 語法 ) . a. 〖主語として 〗▸ Which is her coat, the red one or (the ) blue one? 赤い方と青い方のどっちが彼女のコートですか ▸ Tell me which of these sentences is grammatical .この中でどの文が文法的に正しいのか教えて (╳ what of theseとしない )▸ Which [What ] is the longest river in the world? 世界で一番長い川は何という川でしょう ▸ Which [Who ] is your favorite singer? 好きな歌手はだれなの ▸ “Which (of these ties ) goes best with my shirt? ” “This one, I think. ”「 (これらのネクタイの中で )どれが私のシャツと一番合いますか 」「これかな 」 (!whichの単複呼応はどれほどの数を想定しているかによる: “Which (of these shoes ) go best with my pants? ” “These, I think. ”「 (これらの靴の中で )どれが私のズボンと一番合いますか 」「これかな 」) b. 〖他動詞 の目的語 副詞句の一部として 〗▸ Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 紅茶とコーヒーではどちらがお好きですか ▸ I wonder which of us he wants to date .彼は私たちのうちのだれとデートしたいのかしら (╳ who of usとしない )▸ I'll let you choose which to buy .どれを買うかの選択は君に任せるよ ▸ She was either French or Italian ―I forget which .彼女はフランス人かイタリア人だったが, どっちかは忘れた ▸ Which way did they go? (複数ある選択肢の中で )彼らはどちら [どの方向 ]に行きましたか (!Where did they go? は漠然と方向 行き先を聞く ) ▸ Which CD (s ) [one (s )] do you want? どのCD [どれ ]が欲しいですか (!(1 )whichの後の 名詞 の単複はどれほどの数を想定しているかによる. (2 )文脈から明らかな場合, 具体的な 名詞 の代わりにはone (s )が用いられることがある ) ▸ He told me which company car he drives .彼はどこの会社の車を運転しているか教えてくれた (╳… where company car …としない )c. 〖前置詞 の目的語として 〗▸ There are lots of PCs here. Which are you most interested in? ここにはたくさんのパソコンがあります . 一番興味があるのはどれですか ▸ “Did you listen to that student? ” “To which ?” “To Billy. ”「あの学生の言い分を聞きましたか 」「どちらの 」「ビリーのですよ 」(╳Which to? としない )2 〖疑問形容詞 〗どちらの , どの (→what 代名詞 1 語法 )▸ Which bus goes to Ueno?上野行きのバスはどれですか ▸ Which airline do you usually fly? たいていどこの航空会社を利用しますか 【関係詞 】 (!一般に文の中で強勢は受けない ) .3 〖関係代名詞; 制限用法 〗…する (ところの ).語法 ①whichの先行詞は 「物 事 動物 」.②関係詞節内で主語, 目的語, 補語の働きをする .③⦅かたく ⦆を除いて目的格の場合は省略する方が普通 .④↓3a , b の用法ではwhichの代わりにthatも使用可能だが, thatの方が少し ⦅くだけて ⦆響き, 先行詞を制限する力も強い (→that 代名詞 6 ).⑤先行詞と冠詞については →the 冠詞 2 .⑥先行詞にthatやthoseを用いた形は ⦅古 ⦆に響くため今はwhatを用いる方が普通 ▸ I'll give you what [⦅古 ⦆that which , ⦅古 ⦆those which ] you need .君が必要とするものは私があげよう .a. 〖主語として 〗▸ I want a cellphone which is waterproof .防水の携帯電話が欲しい ▸ a building (which is ) shaped like a pyramid ピラミッドのような形のビル ▸ Nobody answered the phone (which was ) ringing on her desk .彼女の机で鳴っている電話にだれも出なかった (!以上2例のように2語以上からなる分詞句が続く場合, ⦅主に書 ⦆では “which +be ”は省略して簡潔に表現されることがある ) ▸ They wrote out a recipe from their country which is based on vegetables .彼らはお国の野菜を中心にした調理法を書き出した (!先行詞のrecipeとwhichが離れていることに注意 ) .b. 〖他動詞 の目的語として 〗▸ There are some problems (which ) I have to discuss with you .君と話し合わなければならない問題がある ▸ Did you go to the pub ―the one (which ) I mentioned last week? 例のパブ行ってみたかい, 先週話したパブだけど c. ⦅かたく ⦆〖前置詞 の目的語として 〗 (!「前置詞 +which 」の形の場合はwhichを省略せず, thatとも交換不可能 ) ▸ Here is the car about which I told you .ここに私がお話しした車があります (≒⦅よりくだけて ⦆Here is the car (which [that ]) I told you about .)(╳… about that I told you. としない )▸ look for a place in which to live 住居を探す (≒⦅よりくだけて ⦆… a place to live in ) (!「前置詞 +which to do 」は ⦅ややかたく ⦆で, 「名詞 +to do +前置詞 」の方が普通; ╳… which to live inとしない ) 語法 連結度の高い句動詞や成句の一部を構成している 前置詞 や 副詞 のみをwhichの前に出すことは一般に避けられる ▸ That was the moment (which [that ]) I had looked forward to .それは私が楽しみにしていた瞬間だった (!… the moment to which I had looked forward. は避けられる ) .d. 〖whoseに相当するof whichで 〗 (!この形は文体上ぎこちなく感じられる場合が多い ) ▸ Last year I stayed in a village the name of which I've forgotten [of which I've forgotten the name ].去年名前は忘れたがある村に滞在した (≒⦅よりくだけて ⦆… a village (that [which ]) I've forgotten the name of .≒⦅よりくだけて ⦆… a village whose name I've forgotten .)▸ The house of which the roof [⦅よりくだけて ⦆whose roof ] is red is mine .その屋根が赤色の家が私の家です (!⦅話 ⦆ではThe house with a red roof is mine. のように言うことも多い ) 語法 of whichとwhoseは両者とも ⦅話 ⦆ではきわめて ⦅まれ ⦆. 一般に ⦅書 ⦆ではwhoseの方が使用頻度が高い. ただし, 学術書などではof whichもwhoseとほぼ同頻度で見られる .e. ⦅まれ ⦆〖補語として 〗 (!先行詞は普通 “the +(形容詞 +)名詞 ”の形を取る; 先行詞が人を表すものの場合は, 人そのものではなくその性格, 地位, 職業名などをさすことに重点がある; →that 代名詞 6 c ) ▸ Sue is the efficient secretary which [╳who ] her predecessor was not .スーは前任者と違って有能な秘書である f. ⦅くだけて ⦆〖後続の従属節中の要素として 〗 (!しばしばsaid, know, feel, hope, wishなどの従属節中で ) ▸ This is the picture (which [that ]) you said (that ) you wanted .これは君が欲しいと言っていた写真です (!saidに続く従属節の始まりを示すthatは通例省略される; ↓語法 ) .語法 whichが主格の場合, 従属節の始まりを示すthatは原則省略される ▸ This is the picture (which [that ]) you said was taken in our office .これはこの事務所で撮られたと君が言っていた写真だ (╳ …you said that …としない )4 〖関係代名詞; 非制限用法 〗(付加的な説明を付け加えて )そして [すると ]それは [を ]; しかしそれは [を ].語法 ①文体と句読法 3 の制限用法より ⦅かたく ⦆響く. ⦅書 ⦆で多く用いられ, 通例関係詞節の前 (後 )にコンマ, 時にダッシュ (―)や括弧を置く. ⦅話 ⦆では関係詞節の前 (後 )に短い休止が置かれる. その他は 3 冒頭の ⦅語法 ⦆(1 ), (2 )と同じ .②省略など 目的格の場合でも省略はできない. また, 主格 目的格いずれの場合もwhichの代わりにthatを用いることはできない .a. 〖主語として 〗▸ His house, which is across the road from ours, was broken into yesterday .彼の家は, 通りを隔てたお向かいだが, きのうどろぼうに入られた ▸ He lives in London, which is a thirteen-hour flight from here .彼はロンドンに住んでいるのだが, ロンドンはここから飛行機で13時間ほどだ (!固有名詞が先行詞のときは, 通例非制限用法 ) b. 〖他動詞 の目的語として 〗▸ She poured me a glass of beer, which I swallowed in one gulp .彼女はビールをついでくれたが, 私は一気にそれを飲み干した c. 〖前置詞 の目的語として 〗▸ His hobby is fishing, on which he spends most of his spare time .彼の趣味は釣りだが, 余暇の大半をそれに費やしている (≒⦅よりくだけて ⦆…, which he … time on )▸ I usually use convenience stores, many of which operate 24 hours a day .私はたいていコンビニを利用しますが, その多くが24時間営業です (↓コーパスの窓 )コーパスの窓 of +関係代名詞 of which, of whom, of whoseは非制限用法でsome, one, both, many, most, each, none, least, part, neither, two, half, much, fewなど数量 割合にかかわる語と用いられる. ほとんどの場合, 「of +関係代名詞 」の前に置かれるが, 非常にかたい文脈では後に置かれることがある ▸ We have four broad choices, of which one is probably untenable .我々には4つの広い選択肢があるが, そのうちの1つはおそらく支持できないであろう .d. 〖whoseに相当するof whichで 〗(↑3 d 語法 )▸ We have to introduce a new system, the aim of which is to lower taxes .我々は新しい制度を導入せねばならないが, その目的は減税である e. 〖先行する節 (の一部 )またはその内容をさす 〗 (!この用法はwhat, that, howにはない ) ▸ The company went bankrupt, which is not surprising .その会社は倒産したが, 別に驚くにはあたらない (≒⦅よりくだけて ⦆… and this is …) (!先行詞は直前の節全体 ) ▸ Jim said he could speak Chinese, which was untrue .ジムは中国語が話せると言ったが, それはうそだった (!先行詞はhe … Chineseの部分 ) 語法 先行詞から独立して用いられるwhich …先行文の内容を受けるwhich …が主節から独立することがあり, ⦅話 ⦆ ⦅書 ⦆いずれでも用いられる. 頻度の高い型としてはWhich means …, Which brings me [us ] (back ) to …, Which leads (me [us ]) to …, Which reminds me … などがある ▸ “The dog's lungs were clear. ” “Which means that the dog was dead before the fire started? ”「犬の肺はきれいだった 」「ということは犬は出火前に死んでいたということ?」f. 〖主格補語として 〗 (!用法は 3 e と同じ ) ▸ Her mother was a renowned writer, which [╳who ] she is not .母親は高名な作家であったが, 彼女はそうではない ▸ Ed was rumored to be rich, which he was not .エドは金持ちといううわさであったが, 実際はそうではなかった (!形容詞 richが先行詞 ) 5 〖関係代名詞; 先行詞を含む用法で, 名詞節を導く 〗どちらでも …するもの (whichever ) (!関係詞節内にはlike, please (好む )などの 動詞 が用いられる ) ▸ Take which you prefer .どちらでも好きな方を取りなさい 6 ⦅ややかたく ⦆〖関係形容詞; 非制限用法 〗そして [しかし ]その … (!「前置詞 +which +名詞 (case, point, timeなど )」の形で用いるのが一般的 ) ▸ The injury should start to heal in a few days, in which case he could be playing again next month .彼のけがは数日で治るはずだ . そしてその場合は [そうなれば ]彼は来月には試合に出られるだろう (!In which case … のように主節から独立することもある ) Wh ì ch is wh í ch? どっちがどっちか (!物 人に用いる ) .
whichever
which ev er /(h )wɪtʃévə r / (! 一般に文の中で強勢を受ける ).) 形容詞 比較なし 1 〖関係形容詞 〗(…する )どちらの [どの ]…でも ▸ You can watch whichever program you prefer .どれでも好きな番組を見ていいよ ▸ You will be able to meet whichever variations occur in the race .君はレースで起こるどんな変化にも対応できる 2 〖譲歩節で 〗どちらの …が [を ]…しようとも (↓代名詞 2 )▸ Whichever way you look at it, we are in a critical situation .どこから見ても我々は危機的状況にある ▸ Whichever foods you get iron from, your body will manage it efficiently .どの食品から鉄分をとろうと, 体はそれを効率的に処理するであろう 代名詞 1 〖関係代名詞 〗(…する )どちらでも ▸ You can have whichever you like .君が好きな方をどちらでも取っていいよ 2 〖関係代名詞; 譲歩節で 〗どちらが [を ]…しようとも ▸ Whichever you (may ) choose, make sure that it is a good one .きみがどちらを選ぶにせよ, それがいいものであることをしっかり確かめなさい (≒⦅よりくだけて ⦆No matter which you choose, …) (!時にwhichever節中にmayやmightを使って不確実性を強調する; →whatever 代名詞 2 ) ▸ Are you going in or coming out? Whichever , just move! 入るの, 出るの?どっちでもいいけど, どいてよ (!⦅話 ⦆ではwhicheverの後が省略されることがある ) 3 ⦅主に英話 ⦆〖疑問代名詞 〗(驚き いらだちなどを表して )いったいどちらが [を ] (!(1 )whichの強調形; この用法ではwhich everが正しいとする人もいる. (2 )⦅米 ⦆では ⦅やや古 ⦆に響くことがある ) ▸ Whichever do you want to buy? いったいどちらを買いたいの 4 ⦅話 ⦆〖単独で 〗(相手の質問 言葉に無関心であることを表して )どちらでも (かまわない ), いずれにせよ ▸ “Are you a movie star or a character actor? ” “Whichever . Let's talk about it tomorrow. ”「あなたは映画スターですか, それとも性格俳優ですか 」「どちらでも, その話は明日にしましょう 」.
whichsoever
wh ì ch so é ver 形容詞 代名詞 ⦅古 ⦆=whichever .