Webster's 1913 Dictionary
SPIRITUALISM
SPIRITUALISM Spir "it *u *al *ism, n.
1. The quality or state of being spiritual.
2. (Physiol.)
Defn: The doctrine, in opposition to the materialists, that all which exists is spirit, or soul -- that what is called the external world is either a succession of notions impressed on the mind by the Deity, as maintained by Berkeley, or else the mere educt of the mind itself, as taught by Fichte.
3. A belief that departed spirits hold intercourse with mortals by means of physical phenomena, as by rappng, or during abnormal mental states, as in trances, or the like, commonly manifested through a person of special susceptibility, called a medium; spiritism; the doctrines and practices of spiritualists. What is called spiritualism should, I think, be called a mental species of materialism. R. H. Hutton.
New American Oxford Dictionary
spiritualism
spir it u al ism |ˈspiriCHo͞oəˌlizəm ˈspɪrɪtʃ (əw )əˌlɪzəm | ▶noun 1 a system of belief or religious practice based on supposed communication with the spirits of the dead, esp. through mediums. 2 Philosophy the doctrine that the spirit exists as distinct from matter, or that spirit is the only reality. DERIVATIVES spir it u al ist noun, spir it u al is tic |ˌspiriCHo͞oəˈlistik |adjective
Oxford Dictionary
spiritualism
spir ¦itu ¦al |ism |ˈspɪrɪtʃʊəlɪz (ə )m, -tjʊəl -| ▶noun [ mass noun ] 1 a system of belief or religious practice based on supposed communication with the spirits of the dead, especially through mediums. 2 Philosophy the doctrine that the spirit exists as distinct from matter, or that spirit is the only reality. DERIVATIVES spiritualist noun, spiritualistic |-ˈlɪstɪk |adjective
Duden Dictionary
Spiritualismus
Spi ri tu a lis mus Substantiv, maskulin , der |Spiritual i smus |1 philosophische Richtung, die das Wirkliche als geistig oder als Erscheinungsform des Geistes ansieht 2 religiöse Haltung, die die Erfahrung des göttlichen Geistes, die unmittelbare geistige Verbindung des Menschen mit Gott in den Vordergrund stellt 3 veraltet Spiritismus
Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary
spiritualism
sp í r it u al ì sm 名詞 U 1 心霊主義 ; 降霊術 .2 〘哲 〙唯心論, 観念論 (↔materialism ).sp í r i tu al ist 名詞 C 1 心霊主義者 ; 降霊術者 .2 〘哲 〙唯心論者 .spir i tu al is tic /spɪ̀rɪtʃulɪ́stɪk /形容詞
The Wordsmith Dictionary