English-Thai Dictionary

it

N ผู้ เล่น ที่ ต้อง ไล่ จับ ผู้ เล่น อื่น (เกม ของ เด็ก  phu-lan-ti-tong-lai-jab-phu-len-un

 

it

PRON มัน  man

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

IT

pron. [L. id. ] 1. A substitute or pronoun of the neuter gender, sometimes called demonstrative, and standing for any thing except males and females, "Keep thy heart with all diligence, for out of it are the issues of life. " Proverbs 4:23. Here it is the substitute for heart.
2. It is much used as the nominative case or word to verbs called impersonal; as it rains; it snows. In this case, there is no determinate thing to which it can be referred.
In other cases, it may be referred to matter, affair, or some other word. Is it come to this?
3. Very often, it is used to introduce a sentence, preceding a verb as a nominative, but referring to a clause or distinct member of the sentence. "It is well ascertained, that the figure of the earth is an oblate spheroid. " What is well ascertained?
The answer will show: the figure of the earth is an oblate spheroid; it [that ] is well ascertained. Here it represents the clause of the sentence, "the figure of the earth, " etc. If the order of the sentence is inverted, the use of it is superseded. The figure of the earth is an oblate spheroid; that is well ascertained.
It, like that, is often a substitute for a sentence or clause of a sentence.
4. It often begins a sentence, when a personal pronoun, or the name of a person, or a masculine noun follows. It is I: be not afraid. It was Judas who betrayed Christ. When a question is asked, it follows the verb; as, who was it that betrayed Christ?
5. It is used also for the state of a person or affair.
How is it with our general?
6. It is used after intransitive verbs very indefinitely and sometimes ludicrously, but rarely in an elevated style.
If Abraham brought all with him, it is not probable he meant to walk it back for his pleasure.
The Lacedemonians, at the straits of Thermopylae, when their arms failed them, fought it out with nails and teeth.
Whether the charmer sinner it, or saint it.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

IT

It, pron. Etym: [OE. it, hit, AS. hit; cf. D. het. sq. root181. See He. ]

 

Defn: The neuter pronoun of the third person, corresponding to the masculine pronoun he and the feminine she, and having the same plural (they, their of theirs, them ).

 

Note: The possessive form its is modern, being rarely found in the writings of Shakespeare and Milton, and not at all in the original King James's version of the Bible. During the transition from the regular his to the anomalous its, it was to some extent employed in the possessive without the case ending. See His, and He. In Dryden's time its had become quite established as the regular form. The day present hath ever inough to do with it owne grief. Genevan Test. Do, child, go to it grandam, child. Shak. It knighthood shall do worse. It shall fright all it friends with borrowing letters. B. Jonson.

 

Note: In the course of time, the nature of the neuter sign i in it, the form being found in but a few words, became misunderstood. Instead of being looked upon as an affix, it passed for part of the original word. Hence was formed from it the anomalous genitive it, superseding the Saxon his. Latham. The fruit tree yielding fruit after his (its ) kind. Gen. i. 11. It is used, --

 

1. As a substance for any noun of the neuter gender; as, here is the book, take it home.

 

2. As a demonstrative, especially at the beginning of a sentence, pointing to that which is about to be stated, named, or mentioned, or referring to that which apparent or well known; as, I saw it was John. It is I; be not afraid. Matt. xiv. 27. Peter heard that it was the Lord. John xxi. 7. Often, in such cases, as a substitute for a sentence or clause; as, it is thought he will come; it is wrong to do this.

 

3. As an indefinite nominative for a impersonal verb; as, it snows; it rains.

 

4. As a substitute for such general terms as, the state of affairs, the condition of things, and the like; as, how is it with the sick man Think on me when it shall be well with thee. Gen. xl. 14.

 

5. As an indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or after a substantive used humorously as a verb; as, to foot it (i. e., to walk ). The Lacedemonians, at the Straits of Thermopylæ, when their arms failed them, fought it out with nails and teeth. Dryden. Whether the charmer sinner it, or saint it, If folly grows romantic, I must paint it. Pope. Its self. See Itself.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

IT

IT |ˈˌaɪ ˈti | ▶abbreviation information technology.

 

it

it |ɪt | ▶pronoun [ third person singular ] 1 used to refer to a thing previously mentioned or easily identified: a room with two beds in it | this approach is refreshing because it breaks down barriers. • referring to an animal or child of unspecified sex: she was holding the baby, cradling it and smiling into its face. • referring to a fact or situation previously mentioned, known, or happening: stop it, you're hurting me. 2 used to identify a person: it's me | it's a boy! 3 used in the normal subject position in statements about time, distance, or weather: it's half past five | it was two miles to the island | it is raining. 4 used in the normal subject or object position when a more specific subject or object is given later in the sentence: it is impossible to assess the problem | she found it interesting to learn about their strategy. 5 [ with clause ] used to emphasize a following part of a sentence: it is the child who is the victim. 6 the situation or circumstances; things in general: no one can stay here —it's too dangerous now | he would like to see you right away if it's convenient. 7 exactly what is needed or desired: they thought they were it | you've either got it or you haven't. 8 (usu. “it ”) informal sex appeal: he's still got “it. ” • sexual intercourse. 9 (usu. “it ”) (in children's games ) the player who has to catch the others. PHRASES at it see at 1. that's it 1 that is the main point or difficulty: “Is she going? ” “That's just it —she can't make up her mind. ” 2 that is enough or the end: okay, that's it, you've cried long enough. this is it 1 the expected event is about to happen: this is it —the big sale. 2 this is enough or the end: this is it, I'm going. 3 this is the main point or difficulty. ORIGIN Old English hit, neuter of he, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch het .

 

it

it 2 |ɪt | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Brit. informal, dated Italian vermouth: he poured a gin and it . ORIGIN 1930s: abbreviation.

 

Oxford Dictionary

IT

IT |ʌɪˈtiː | ▶abbreviation information technology.

 

it

it 1 |ɪt | ▶pronoun [ third person singular ] 1 used to refer to a thing previously mentioned or easily identified: a room with two beds in it | this approach is refreshing because it breaks down barriers. • referring to an animal or child of unspecified sex: she was holding the baby, cradling it and smiling into its face. • referring to a fact or situation previously mentioned, known, or happening: stop it, you're hurting me. 2 used to identify a person: it's me | it's a boy! 3 used in the normal subject position in statements about time, distance, or weather: it's half past five | it was two miles to the island | it's raining. 4 used in the normal subject or object position when a more specific subject or object is given later in the sentence: it is impossible to assess the problem | she found it interesting to learn about their strategy. 5 [ with clause ] used to emphasize a following part of a sentence: it is the child who is the victim. 6 the situation or circumstances; things in general: no one can stay here —it's too dangerous now | he would like to see you straight away if it's convenient. 7 exactly what is needed or desired: they thought they were it | you've either got it or you haven't. 8 (usu. ‘it ’) informal sexual intercourse or sex appeal. 9 (usu. ‘it ’) (in children's games ) the player who has to catch the others. PHRASES at it see at 1. that's it 1 that is the main point or difficulty: ‘Is she going? ’ ‘That's just it —she can't make up her mind. ’. 2 that is enough or the end: okay, that's it, you've cried long enough. this is it 1 the expected event is about to happen: this is it —the big sale. 2 this is enough or the end: this is it, I'm going. 3 this is the main point or difficulty. ORIGIN Old English hit, neuter of he, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch het .

 

it

it 2 |ɪt | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Brit. informal, dated Italian vermouth: he poured a gin and it . ORIGIN 1930s: abbreviation.

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

it

it pronoun USAGE it is I, it is me Generally, the nominative pronoun (here I ) is the complement of a linking verb ( this is she | it was he ). But it is me and it's me are fully acceptable, especially in informal contexts. In 1937, editor Walter Barnes wrote, “The facts surrounding the case of ‘It is me ’ are: 1. This expression is in accepted use in informal situations. 2. It is preferable to ‘It is I ’ whenever the speaker wishes to emphasize his own personal identity. It is so used and has been so used by dozens of reputable writers from Shakespeare to the present, including. .. Emerson, Meredith, and Stevenson. 3. So far as anyone knows, it has been in good colloquial use for three or four centuries, though for most of that time, the grammarians have been grumbling about it. 4. Many careful, sensitive speakers and writers employ both ‘It is me ’ and ‘It is I,’ depending on the desired shade of meaning. ” (“Stepchildren of the Mother Tongue, ” Review of Reviews; Mar. 1937.) Of course, those with even a smattering of French know that it's me answers nicely to c'est moi. Good writers have long found the English equivalent serviceable —e.g.: “But Silver. .. called out to know if that were me. ” (Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island; 1883.) In The Second Tree from the Corner (1954 ), E. B. White told an amusing story about the fear that so many writers have of making a mistake: “One time a newspaper sent us to a morgue to get a story on a woman whose body was being held for identification. A man believed to be her husband was brought in. Somebody pulled the sheet back; the man took one agonizing look, and cried, ‘My God, it's her! ’ When we reported this grim incident, the editor diligently changed it to ‘My God, it's she! ’ ” Similar problems arise in the third person, as in it is him. The editors of Newsweek approve the phrase it's him —e.g.: “Rostenkowski simply signed an expense-account voucher for stamps that Smith converted into cash. The first time he says he witnessed the alleged scheme, in 1989, ‘I was no doubt taken aback when I saw his [Rostenkowski's ] name on the [$2,000 ] voucher. I couldn't believe it was him. ’ Most Democrats on Capitol Hill still can't believe it's him. ” ( Newsweek; Aug. 2, 1993.).Usage notes show additional guidance on finer points of English usage. USAGE its, it's The possessive form of it is its; the contraction for it is is it's. But the two words are often confounded —e.g.: “Potter County was ordered by the state to do something about overcrowding in it's [read its ] system. ” ( Canyon News [TX ]; Jan. 13, 1994.) Confusion is just as much a problem in British English as it is in American English —e.g.: “But fear not because fashion does award it's [read its ] very own New Year's Honour's list of modern classics.” ( Independent [UK ]; Jan. 16, 2000.) Also, the possessive its should never be used —as it sometimes is —as a personal pronoun in place of his, her, or his or her. Usage notes show additional guidance on finer points of English usage.

 

Duden Dictionary

IT

IT Substantiv, feminin , die |a͜iˈtiː |die IT; Genitiv: der IT Abkürzung von englisch i nformation t echnology = Informationstechnologie

 

Sanseido Dictionary

IT

IT 〖 inclusive tour 〗包括旅行 。航空券のほかに ，宿泊 観光 食事などが設定されたパッケージ旅行 。割引運賃の種別の一 。

 

IT

IT 〖 information technology 〗情報技術 。情報通信技術からその応用利用場面まで広く使用され ，コンピューターやインターネットの進化と広がりで ，工学的技術から企業経営 ，人文 社会科学 ，コミュニケーションまでその応用範囲を広げている技術 手法を総称していう 。

 

IT

IT 〖 Republic of Italy 〗イタリア 。ISO の国 地域コードの一 。

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

IT

IT information technology ; intermediate technology .

 

it

it /ɪt / (!( (1 )人称代名詞 三人称 単数 中性 主格および目的格. (2 )一般に文の中で強勢を受けない )) 代名詞 (!所有格its; 複数形では主格they, 所有格their, 目的格them, 所有代名詞theirs ) 1 (既述あるいは話題に挙がっている物 動物などをさして )それ , それは [が ], それを [に ] (!日本語に訳さない場合も多い ) ▸ “What happened to your hand? ” “I cut it on some glass. ”「あなたの手どうしたの 」「ガラスで切りました 」 (!itはmy handに相当 ) ▸ She took off her ring and gave it to me .彼女は自分の指輪をはずして (それを )私にくれた ▸ Quick! It's getting away .(動物を見つけて )早く! 逃げてしまうわ ▸ “This [That ] is Jordan's, isn't it [╳this, ╳that ]?” “Yes, it [╳this, ╳that ] is. ”「これ [あれ ]はジョーダンのものですね 」「そうです 」 (!付加疑問文, yes-no疑問文の返答ではthis, that, nothing, anything, everythingなどの代わりにitを用いる ) ▸ What's the best way to start the conversation without it being awkward? ぎこちなくなることなく会話を始める最も良い方法は何ですか 類義 1 it と that, this 物理的 心理的に, that が遠くのものを, this が近くのものをさす指示代名詞なのに対して, it は一度話題に上ったものをさす人称代名詞 ▸ “What's that ?” “It's a cactus. ”「あれ [それ ]は何ですか 」「(それは )サボテンです 」2 it と one itは特定のものの代用形で, oneは不特定のものの代用形. 特定のものが複数のときはthey, them, 不特定のものが複数のときはsomeを用いる ▸ This is the pen [These are the pens ] I bought yesterday. I will give it [them ] to you .これは [これらは ]昨日買ったペンです . あなたにあげましょう ▸ I don't have a suitcase [T-shirts ]. I have to buy one [some ].私はスーツケース [Tシャツ ]を持っていません . 1つ [何枚か ]買わなくてはいけない 語法 非常にくだけた文脈では主語itが現れた後で具体的な名詞句が添えられることがある ▸ It is a beautiful place, Okinawa .きれいな所だよ, 沖縄は 2 (先行文の内容や既知あるいは現在進行中の事柄をさして )それは [を ]▸ If you decide to stop work, it will mean a big change in your lifestyle .仕事をやめる決意をすれば, あなたのライフスタイルに大きな変化をもたらすでしょう ▸ You'd better stop it before you break something .物を壊す前にやめなさい ▸ I last saw him about two weeks ago. What about it ?最近彼を見たのは約2週間前です . それがどうかしましたか ▸ I don't have time to call him. Can you do it [╳so ]?僕は彼に電話をする時間がないんだ . 電話しておいてくれるかい (!do itとdo soはともに動詞句の代用表現であるが, do itはその行為者が当該の文と先行文において同一または異なる場合の両方で用いられるのに対し, do soは双方が同一である場合に限られる ) ▸ If there's one fool for you, then Ì à m í t .もしあなたに夢中になる人が1人いるとすれば私がそれだ 類義 1 it と this, that a. 基本的用法 it, that, thisはいずれも既出の事柄にふれることができるが, it は最も中立な語で, 単に先行の内容を引き継ぐだけで特に焦点をあてることもなく強意的な響きはない . this と that はitより強意的で交換可能なことも多いが, thisは興味深い事実に焦点をあて身近なものとしてとらえ即時性を暗示し, 新しい話題が続くときや自分自身の観察 意見を述べる際に好まれる . 一方, thatは焦点をぼかして心理的距離を置き, それで話題が終わるときやほかの人の観察 意見を述べる際に好まれ, 否定的態度を暗示することもある ▸ She's about ninety. She had somebody knocking at the door shouting “Fire! Fire! ” and it was just a trick to get her out of the house .彼女はほぼ90歳 . 彼女の家の玄関を 「火事だ火事だ 」とノックする者がいたんだがそれはまさに彼女を家からおびき出そうとするわなだった (!itの代わりにthisを用いると重大なことととらえ親身になった言い方, thatを用いるとささいな他人事ととらえる言い方 ) ▸ “Thank you so much! ” “It's nothing. ”「どうもありがとうございます 」「たいしたことはありません 」 (!It's nothing. はお礼 ほめ言葉 謝罪などに対する謙遜を表す; That's nothing. では 「そんなことはたいしたことではない 」と相手をけなす言い方 ) b. どの名詞句をさすか 指し示すべき名詞句が複数ある場合, 一般に, itは議論の中心となる名詞句を, thisとthatは最後に導入された新しい名詞句に言及する ▸ We keep the copy machine in the lounge. It is mainly used by the students .休憩室にはコピー機が備えてあります . それ (＝コピー機 )は主に学生が使っています (!This [That ] is …では 「これ [それ ](＝休憩室 )は主に学生が使っています 」の意 ) 2 do it, do that と do so a. ｟コーパス ｠基本的な傾向 do it [that ]は積極的に禁止 許可 意志 必要性について述べる場合に, do soはややかたい言い方で, 命令 助言などにただ従う場合や消極的あるいは二次的で何気ない行為について述べるときに好まれる ▸ You can't do that [it ].君はそんなことをしてはいけない (!thatの方が強意的 ) ▸ I do what I want to do. Tell me I can't do something and I'll do it [that ].私は自分のやりたいことをやっている . 私が何かができないなんて言ってみろ, やってやるさ ▸ Business and tourism are growing rapidly and they will continue to do so .商業活動や観光事業が急速に成長しており, これからも成長が続くだろう ▸ Ricky invited me to visit his family, and I did so .リッキーが私を家族に会わせようと招待してくれたのでそうした b. 動詞 do it [that, so ]は主に動作動詞に対応し, be, seem, feel, fall ; hate, know, like, lose, love, remember, own, think, wantなど無意志の行為や状態を表す 動詞 には通例対応しない ▸ I think Jim is married. I did [╳did so, ╳did it, ╳did that ]when we first met .ジムは結婚していると思う . 最初に会ったとき思った 3 a. ｟話 ｠(聞き手や話し手がまだ知らない人 物をさして )それは …だ (!(1 )だれ [何 ]なのか明らかにするときに用い, ほかの 代名詞 は用いない; ↓第2 , 4例 . (2 )日本語に訳さない場合が多い ) ▸ Who was it that called just now? 今電話をしてきたのはだれなの ▸ “Who's that over there? ” “It's [╳She's ] Natsuko.”「向こうにいるあの人はだれですか 」「奈津子さんです 」 (!具体的な人名が先行文で問われている場合には人称代名詞を用いる:“Who's Mr. Smith? ” “He's my fiance. ” 「スミスさんってだれ 」「私の婚約者よ 」) ▸ “Who is it ?” “It's me [｟かたく ｠I ].”(ドア越しや電話で )「どなたですか 」「私です 」 (!文法的には主格を従えるのが正しいがきわめて ｟かたく ｠響く ) ▸ Hello. It's [╳I'm ] Kenji Tanaka .(電話で )もしもし田中賢司です ▸ Oh look, it's Dave .あっ見て, デイヴよ b. (特に性別が不明の赤ん坊 動物をさして )その子 , それ ▸ “I heard Mary's had her baby. ” “Great! Is it a boy or a girl? ”「メリーに赤ちゃんが生まれたそうよ 」「すごいわ, 男の子? 女の子? 」▸ Maybe it's a fierce dog .たぶんそいつはどう猛な犬だ (!性別がわかっていても愛着のない動物にはitを用いることもある ) 4 〖形式主語 〗語法 人主語と形式主語 英語では最も伝えたい意味上の焦点となる要素や長くなる要素は文末に置かれる傾向がある. that節やto不定詞句はそれに従って後置され, 主語の位置には形式主語itを置く. 一般的に人を主語とした文より客観的でかたい言い方となり, 間接的で丁寧に響くことが多い .a. 〖it is ＋ 形容詞 /名詞 ＋ (for A ) to do /(that )節 〗 (!｟くだけて ｠ではthatは省略されることがある ) ▸ It is difficult (for him ) to use this cell phone .この携帯を使うのは (彼にとって )難しい (!(1 ) to do に現れる 他動詞 の目的語を主語にしてThis cell phone is difficult (for him ) to use. のような言い換えが可能だが, より主観的な言い方 (↓語法 (1 )(c )). (2 )╳It is difficult that he uses … としない; ↓語法 (1 )(b ). (3 )To use this cell phone is difficult (for him ). より普通 ) ▸ It is possible (that ) John will pass the exam .ジョンが試験に合格する可能性はある (!im )possibleの場合, that節とto do で意味が異なることに注意: It is possible for John to pass the exam. ジョンが試験に合格することは可能だ ) ▸ It is important that he (｟主に英 ｠should ) know [knows ] the facts. ≒It is important for him to know the facts .彼が事実を知っておくことが重要だ (!For him to know the facts is important. より普通; ↓語法 (3 )) ▸ It is strange that Billy is [should be ] late for school. ≒It is strange for Billy to be late for school .ビリーが学校に遅刻するなんておかしい (╳Billy is strange to be … としない; ↓語法 (4 ))▸ It's time (that ) you went to bed .寝る時間だ (!仮定法を使って寝るべき時間を過ぎてしまったことを暗示する; It's time for you to go to bed. ではちょうどその時間であることを暗示 ) ▸ It is a pity (that ) we should be able to do nothing for her .私どもが彼女のために何もしてやれないのは遺憾です ▸ It was unnatural the way he kept his feelings in check .彼の感情の抑え方は不自然であった (!the wayが接続詞的に用いられ, 続くこともある ) 語法 ①it is ＋形容詞 /名詞 ＋(for A ) to do a. for Aはto do の意味上の主語で 「Aが 」の意味になる場合と, 形容詞 と結びついて 「Aにとって 」の意味になる場合がある . 休止を置くとすれば, 前者は (for A ) to do の前, 後者はto do の前 . どちらの意味かは文脈で判断されるが, difficult, hard, easy, toughのように後者の意味が優勢なものもある . くわしくは各項目を参照 .b. この構文で用いられる主な 形容詞 名詞 (! ここに挙げるのは通例it is ＋形容詞 /名詞 ＋that節で言い換え不可能なもののみ ): agreeable, cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy , enjoyable, free, hard (＝difficult ), hopeless, pointless, safe, useful, useless ; matter .c. 一部の 形容詞 はto do に現れる 他動詞 の目的語を主語にして言い換え可能: agreeable, amusing, boring, difficult, easy, hard, impossible , nice, tough .②it is ＋形容詞 /名詞 ＋that ＋ 直説法 形容詞 は真実 知識に関するもの. 通例it is ＋形容詞 ＋(for A ) to do で言い換え可能だが, to do を伴う場合, 意味上の主語を表すfor Aを伴うのは比較的 ｟まれ ｠で, that節を用いる方が普通. この構文で用いられる主な 形容詞 名詞 : apparent, certain, clear , common, enough, evident, good, great, implicit, (im )possible , (un )likely , lovely, (un )lucky, nice, obvious , plain, (un )true , well-known; idea .③it is ＋形容詞 /名詞 ＋that ＋A (｟主に英 ｠should ) do /直説法 形容詞 は必要性 重要性などに関するもの. that節中は ｟主に米 ｠では通例 動詞 の原形 (仮定法現在 ), ｟主に英 かたく ｠ではshould do (→should 7 ), ｟くだけて ｠では直説法が好まれる. 通例it is ＋形容詞 ＋(for A ) to do で言い換え可能. この構文で用いられる主な 形容詞 名詞 については →should 助動詞 7 語法 .④it is ＋形容詞 /名詞 ＋that ＋ 直説法 /A should do a. that節中のshouldは驚きなどの強い感情を表すが, 事実を客観的に述べるときは直説法を用いる . ｟米 ｠ではshouldの代わりに推量を表すwouldが用いられることもある . ただし 助動詞 なしの原形は ｟まれ ｠. 通例it is ＋形容詞 ＋(for A ) to do で言い換え可能 . この構文で用いられる主な 形容詞 名詞 については →should 助動詞 9 語法 .b. この構文のthat節はif節と交換可能 ▸ It will be strange if you don't feel that way .君がそのように感じないとしたらおかしいだろう b. 〖it is ＋形容詞 ＋(of A ) to do 〗 (!(1 ) to do の行動を基準に人の性質を評価する; 文脈から明らかな場合of Aが省略されることがある. (2 ) to do の代わりにdoingが用いられることがある; ↓h ) ▸ It was stupid (of me ) to forget my keys .かぎを忘れるとはばかだった (!(1 ) 人を主語にしたI was stupid to forget my keys. より客観的で, 遠回しな言い方. (2 ) ofの代わりにforを用いると行為に対する判断を表す: It's probably just stupid for me to work there. 私がそこで働くのはたぶん本当にばかなことなのでしょうね ) ▸ “Thanks for coming. ” “It was nice of [╳for ] you to invite me. ”「来てくれてありがとう 」「お招きいただきありがとうございます 」▸ How kind of you to say that .そう言ってくださってありがとうございます (!感嘆文では通例it isが省略される ) ▸ It seemed rude to agree .同意するのは失礼なように思えた 語法 ①of Aは 形容詞 と結びつき, 休止を置くとすればto do の前 .②｟コーパス ｠この構文で用いられる主な 形容詞 : absurd, annoying, bold, boring, brave, careless, clever, considerate, crazy, cruel, decent, (dis )honest, (un )fair, foolish, generous, good (＝kind 1 ), gracious, great, greedy, (un )kind , mad, nice (＝kind 1 ), (im )polite, right, rude, (un )selfish, silly, strange, stupid, sweet (＝kind 1 ), thoughtful, typical, trying, (un )wise, wicked, wonderful, wrong .c. 〖it ＋自動詞 ＋ that節 /wh節 〗▸ It doesn't matter to me that someone else sees it [which team wins ].ほかの人がそれを見ても [どちらのチームが勝とうが ]私には関係ない d. 〖it ＋他動詞 ＋名詞 ＋ to do /that節 〗▸ It doesn't interest me to have revenge .リベンジすることに興味はない ▸ I wonder if it bothers him that I said that .それを言ったことが彼を悩ますだろうか ▸ It 's never entered his head the thought of marrying you .あなたと結婚しようなんて一度も彼は考えたことはなかった (!名詞句が続くこともある ) e. ｟かたく ｠〖it is ＋過分 ＋ that節 〗▸ It is said that time heals all wounds .時間はすべての傷を癒 （いや ）すと言われている (≒They say that …) (!情報源を明らかにする必要がないときに用いる; ╳It is told that … としない ) ▸ It was thought that his health was suffering .彼の健康状態は芳しくないと考えられた 語法 ｟コーパス ｠この構文で用いられる主な 動詞 : accept, agree, anticipate, announce, argue, assume , believe , claim, conclude, decide , determine, disclose, discover, estimate , expect, find , hope , hypothesize, learn, point out, propose, recommend, report, reveal, rumor, say , suggest, think , understand .f. 〖it is ＋過分 ＋ to do 〗 (!この構文で用いられる主な 動詞 はdecide, agree, propose, determineなど ) ▸ It was decided to cut the budget another $10 million .予算をさらに1千万ドル削減することが決まった (!toの前にby句を置いて不定詞の意味上の主語を表すことが可能だが, その場合はthat節の方が普通 ) g. 〖it is ＋形容詞 ＋wh節 〗▸ It's amazing how young he is .彼の若さには驚かされる ▸ It was unclear who received the donations .だれが寄付を受け取ったかははっきりしなかった ▸ It's obvious why she's famous .彼女がなぜ有名なのかは明らかだ 語法 ｟コーパス ｠この構文で用いられる主な 形容詞 : amazing , apparent, curious, doubtful, funny, interesting, obvious, plain, strange, (un )certain, (un )clear , unsure, unknown .h. ｟くだけて ｠〖it is ＋形容詞 /名詞 ＋doing 〗 (!do ingは過去や進行中の内容をさす ) ▸ It's a waste of time [no good, no use ] complaining .不満を言っても時間のむだだ (!no good, no useではto doも用いられるがdoingの方が普通 ) ▸ It was great [good, wonderful, nice ] working with my father .父と仕事ができてすばらしかった ▸ It is interesting being a woman [growing up ].女性である [大人になっていく ]ことはおもしろい 語法 1 ｟コーパス ｠この構文で用いられる主な 形容詞 名詞 : better, best, brave, careless, cheap, clever, dangerous, difficult, easy, essential, foolish, (no )good, great, hard, helpful, (dis )honest, hopeless, interesting, lovely, (un )lucky, nice, pointless, rude, stupid, useful, useless, (un )wise, wonderful, worth (while )および ↑4a 語法 (4 )に属する 形容詞 名詞 ; fun .2 do ingの意味上の主語を表すため前に所有格 目的格の名詞句が置かれることがある: It is funny his [｟くだけて ｠him ] going without saying good-bye. 彼がさよならも言わずに行ってしまうなんて変だ .5 〖形式目的語 〗 (!後に続くto do , that節, do ingなどを受ける; ↑4 冒頭の 語法 ) a. 〖主語 ＋動詞 ＋ it ＋形容詞 /名詞 ＋ to do /that節 /wh節 /doing 〗 (!この構文で用いられる 動詞 はfind, make, think, consider, believeなど ) ▸ We thought it better to keep quiet about the matter .その件については黙っている方が良いと私たちは思った ▸ make it clear that ……ということを明らかにする ▸ I consider it very important how I spend the rest of my life .余生をどう送るかということは非常に大切だと考えている ▸ Don't you find it scary going there alone? そこに1人で行くのは怖くないですか b. 〖主語 ＋動詞 ＋ it ＋ when節 /if節 〗 (!この構文で用いられる 動詞 はappreciate, hate, like, love, enjoy, stand, preferなど ) ▸ I'd appreciate it if you'd work with us .我々と一緒に働いてくださるとありがたいのですが ▸ I liked it when I was there .私はそこにいることが好きだった c. 〖主語 ＋動詞 ＋ it ＋ to ＋名詞 ＋ to do /that節 〗 (!この構文で用いられる 動詞 はowe, leaveなど ) ▸ We owe it to our parents to keep ourselves healthy .健康を保つことは親に対する私たちの義務である ▸ They leave it to the investor to assume the risk .彼らはリスクを負うかどうかは投資者に任せている d. 〖主語 ＋動詞 (＋前置詞 ) ＋ it ＋ that節 〗▸ I took it (that ) the incident meant the ruin of us .私はその事件で我々もおしまいだと思った ▸ Rumor has it (that ) there will be a change in the Cabinet .内閣改造があるだろうといううわさだ ▸ See to it that these towels are replaced .これらのタオルが交換されるよう取り計らいなさい (!to itは省略可 ) 6 〖it ＋動詞 ＋ that節 〗 (!非人称動詞seem, appear, turn out, look, follow, prove, happen, chanceなどの主語として ) ▸ It seems that they'll be arriving tomorrow .彼らは明日到着するようだ (!it seems [appears ]は挿入節として文中 文尾でも用いられる; →believe 他動詞 2b 語法 ) ▸ They, it appears, will be getting married .彼らは結婚するようだ ▸ It looks as if everyone is still sleeping .みんなまだ眠っているようだ (!(1 )as if節が続くこともある. (2 )｟話 ｠ではitが省略される場合がある; 第1例も同様 ) 7 〖天候状態 日付 時間 距離 気温 明暗 音 干満潮などを述べる文の主語として 〗 (!しばしばbe動詞と共に用いる; 日本語には訳さない ) ▸ It's a rainy day today .今日は雨降りだ ▸ It's my birthday tomorrow .明日は私の誕生日です ▸ It's been ｟主に米 ｠ [It's ｟主に英 ｠] two years since I saw him last .彼を最後に見かけてから2年がたつ (≒Two years have passed since …)▸ It's nearly two-thirty .ほぼ2時半だ ▸ It's ten meters from my desk to the coffee machine .私の机からコーヒーの自動販売機まで10メートルだ ▸ It was cold last night .昨夜は寒かった ▸ It feels hot in here .この中は暑く感じる ▸ It is getting dark .だんだん暗くなってきた ▸ It's so noisy [smoky ] in here .ここはすごくうるさい [煙たい ]▸ It's low tide right now .ちょうど今干潮だ 8 〖漠然と状況 状態をさして 〗 (!日本語には訳さない ) ▸ If it's okay, let's meet tomorrow .大丈夫なら明日会いましょう ▸ She hates it here .彼女はここが嫌いだ ▸ How's it going? お元気ですか, 調子はどうだい 9 〖it is … (that ) [who ] …〗 (!(1 ) 強調構文; 文の中で強調したい主語 目的語 副詞表現などの要素をit isとthat [who ]の間にはさんで強調する. (2 ) 主語を強調する場合はwho (人 ), that (人 物 事 ), 目的語 副詞 (句 [節 ])を強調する場合はthatを用いる. (3 ) 物 事や副詞 (句 [節 ])を強調する場合, thatは省略されることがある ) ▸ It is Jeff who [that ] revealed the secret .その秘密を漏らしたのは (ほかのだれでもない )ジェフです (!｟コーパス ｠人を強調する場合はwhoの方が普通 ) ▸ It wasn't Larry who [that , ｟かたく ｠whom ] Ally phoned last night .アリーが昨夜電話したのはラリーではなかった ▸ It was because of my carelessness [because I was careless ] (that ) I lost my key .私がかぎをなくしたのは (ほかでもない )自分が不注意だったからです ▸ It was in Paris [May ] (that ) he died .彼が亡くなったのは (ほかの場所 [時 ]ではなく )パリ [5月 ]でした (!それぞれthatの代わりにwhere [when ]とは通例しない ) 語法 1 人称代名詞の格 強調される要素が人称代名詞主語である場合, ｟かたく ｠では主格 ＋who, ｟くだけて ｠では目的格 ＋thatの形が用いられる. また本来, 後続節の 動詞 は強調される名詞 (句 )に呼応するが, それが目的格人称代名詞である場合は三人称単数の呼応を示す. 例えばI am [You are ] wrong. の主語を強調すると次のようになる ▸ It is I who am [you who are ] wrong .｟かたく ｠悪いのは僕 [君 ]だ ▸ It's me [you ] that's wrong .｟くだけて ｠悪いのはおれ [お前 ]だ (!両者のような形を避けるために文体的に中立的なI 'm the one [person ] who's wrong. が用いられることもある ) 2 強調できない要素 この構文では間接目的語, be動詞の補語の 名詞 , 一部の副詞句 (→recently 1 語法 (2 )), 動詞句 (↓表現 )は強調される要素となることができない ▸ ╳It is Mary that I gave the dictionary . (!It's Mary (that ) I gave the dictionary to. や It's to Mary that I gave the dictionary. は可能 ) ▸ ╳It is a teacher that my father is .3 省略 ｟くだけて ｠ではしばしばthat [who ] ＋ be動詞が省略されることがある ▸ I'm glad it's you (that is ) calling .電話してきてくれているのが君でうれしいよ (!do ingは進行中の状況を表す ) ▸ It's me (that is ) to clear this mess up .この散らかっているのをきれいにするのは私だ (!to do は未来の状況を表すが ｟まれ ｠) .表現 文の要素を強調する表現 ｟話 ｠では強調したい要素に強勢を置くことで比較的簡単に強調したい意図を示すことができるが, ｟書 ｠では構文に工夫を凝らす必要がある ▸ What drove us crazy was the noise .我々をいらつかせたのはその騒音だ (≒It was the noise that drove us crazy. )▸ What she should have done was (｟かたく ｠to ) take a shower .彼女がやるべき事はシャワーを浴びることだった (!動詞 を強調していることに注意 ) ▸ Into the house John ran .家の中にジョンは走っていった (!into the houseを文頭に移動させることで場所に注目させたうえで, 結果的に文末となったranにも焦点をあてることができる ) 10 ｟話 ｠〖動詞 前置詞 の目的語として; 漠然と状況などをさして 〗 (!日本語には訳さない ) ▸ I've had it .もううんざりだ ▸ John footed [walked ] it all the way .ジョンは行程全部を歩いた ▸ He had a rough time of it .彼はひどい目にあった 11 ｟主に黒人 ｠ (!there構文でthereの代わりに用いる ) ▸ It's no one around here .この辺りにはだれもいない It's n ó t (j ù st [s ì mply ]) that …(ただ )…というわけではない ▸ It's not that I'm not busy. But I could make time .私は忙しくないというわけではなくて, 時間をつくろうと思えばつくることができるということだ 名詞 U 1 ｟話 ｠大切な事 ; まさにそのもの (the thing ); 理想 (の人 [物 ]); 極致, 最高点 (acme ); 重要人物 ; 〖時に “it ”〗(鬼ごっこの )鬼 .2 ｟俗 ｠(必要とされる )能力, 資質 ▸ He's not a bad player, but he hasn't quite got it for a team of their level .彼は悪い選手ではないが, そのレベルのチームに必要な能力を備えているとは言えない 3 ｟俗 遠回しに ｠〖時に “it ”〗セックス, あれ ; ｟やや古 ｠性的魅力 ▸ Have you ever done it with a girl, Mark? 女の子とやったことはあるのかい, マーク Th á t's it .→that 代名詞 .th ì nk one is í t ｟くだけて ｠自分を偉いと思っている .～́ g ì rl リッチでかわいい有名人 .

 

It

It .Italian ; Italy .