English-Thai Dictionary

reduction

N การ ลดลง  decrease diminution lowering lessening kan-lod-long

 

reductional

ADJ ซึ่ง ลดลง  sueng-lod-long

 

reductionism

N ความ เชื่อ ว่า สิ่ง ที่ ซับซ้อน ถูก อธิบาย ได้ ด้วย ส่วนย่อยๆ ที่ ไม่ ซับซ้อน  kwam-chue-wa-siang-sab-son-ar-ti-bai-dai

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

REDUCTION

n.[L. reductio.] 1. The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; as the reduction of a body to powder; the reduction of things to order.
2. Diminution; as the reduction of the expenses of government; the reduction of the national debt.
3. Conquest; subjugation; as the reduction of a province to the power of a foreign nation.
4. In arithmetic, the bringing of numbers of different denominations into one denomination; as the reduction of pounds, ounces, pennyweights and grains to grains, or the reduction of grains to pounds; the reduction of days and hours to minutes, or of minutes to hours and days. The change of numbers of a higher denomination into a lower, as of pounds into pence or farthings, is called reduction descending; the change of numbers of a lower denomination into a higher, as of cents into dimes, dollars or eagles, is called reduction ascending. Hence the rule for bringing sums of different denominations into one denomination, is called reduction.
5. In algebra, reduction of equations is the clearing of them of all superfluous quantities, bringing them to their lowest terms and separating the known from the unknown, till the unknown quantity alone is found on one side, and the known ones of the other.
6. Reduction of a figure, men, etc. is the making of a copy of it on a smaller or larger scale, preserving the form and proportions.
7. In surgery, the operation of restoring a dislocated or fractured bone to its former place.
8. In metallurgy, the operation of bringing metallic substances which have been changed, or divested of their metallic form, into their natural and original state of metals. This is called also revivification.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

REDUCTION

Re *duc "tion (r *dk "shn ), n. Etym: [F. réduction, L. reductio. See Reduce. ]

 

1. The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; conversion to a given state or condition; diminution; conquest; as, the reduction of a body to powder; the reduction of things to order; the reduction of the expenses of government; the reduction of a rebellious province.

 

2. (Arith. & Alq.)

 

Defn: The act or process of reducing. See Reduce, v. t., 6. and To reduce an equation, To reduce an expression, under Reduce, v. t.

 

3. (Astron.) (a ) The correction of observations for known errors of instruments, etc. (b ) The preparation of the facts and measurements of observations in order to deduce a general result.

 

4. The process of making a copy of something, as a figure, design, or draught, on a smaller scale, preserving the proper proportions. Fairholt.

 

5. (Logic )

 

Defn: The bringing of a syllogism in one of the so-called imperfect modes into a mode in the first figure.

 

6. (Chem. & Metal. )

 

Defn: The act, process, or result of reducing; as, the reduction of iron from its ores; the reduction of aldehyde from alcohol.

 

7. (Med. )

 

Defn: The operation of restoring a dislocated or fractured part to its former place. Reduction ascending (Arith.), the operation of changing numbers of a lower into others of a higher denomination, as cents to dollars. -- Reduction descending (Arith.), the operation of changing numbers of a higher into others of a lower denomination, as dollars to cents.

 

Syn. -- Diminution; decrease; abatement; curtailment; subjugation; conquest; subjection.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

reduction

re duc tion |riˈdəkSHən rəˈdəkʃən | ▶noun 1 the action or fact of making a specified thing smaller or less in amount, degree, or size: talks on arms reduction | there had been a reduction in the number of casualties. • the amount by which something is made smaller, less, or lower in price: special reductions on knitwear. • the simplification of a subject or problem to a particular form in presentation or analysis: the reduction of classical genetics to molecular biology. • Mathematics the process of converting an amount from one denomination to a smaller one, or of bringing down a fraction to its lowest terms. • Biology the halving of the number of chromosomes per cell that occurs at one of the two anaphases of meiosis. 2 a thing that is made smaller or less in size or amount, in particular: • an arrangement of an orchestral score for piano or for a smaller group of performers. • a thick and concentrated liquid or sauce made by boiling. • a copy of a picture or photograph made on a smaller scale than the original. 3 the action of remedying a dislocation or fracture by returning the affected part of the body to its normal position. 4 Chemistry the process or result of reducing or being reduced. 5 Phonetics substitution of a sound that requires less muscular effort to articulate: the process of vowel reduction. ORIGIN late Middle English (denoting the action of bringing back ): from Old French, or from Latin reductio (n- ), from reducere ‘bring back, restore ’ (see reduce ). The sense development was broadly similar to that of reduce; sense 1 dates from the late 17th cent.

 

reduction gear

re duc tion gear ▶noun a system of gearwheels in which the driven shaft rotates more slowly than the driving shaft.

 

reductionism

re duc tion ism |riˈdəkSHəˌnizəm rəˈdəkʃəˌnɪzəm | ▶noun often derogatory the practice of analyzing and describing a complex phenomenon in terms of phenomena that are held to represent a simpler or more fundamental level, esp. when this is said to provide a sufficient explanation. DERIVATIVES re duc tion ist noun & adjective, re duc tion is tic |riˌdəkSHəˈnistik |adjective

 

Oxford Dictionary

reduction

re |duc ¦tion |rɪˈdʌkʃ (ə )n | ▶noun [ mass noun ] 1 the action or fact of making something smaller or less in amount, degree, or size: talks on arms reduction | [ count noun ] : there had been a reduction in the number of casualties. • [ count noun ] the amount by which something is made smaller, less, or lower in price: special reductions on knitwear. • the simplification of a subject or problem to a particular form in presentation or analysis: the reduction of classical genetics to molecular biology. • Mathematics the process of converting an amount from one denomination to a smaller one, or of bringing down a fraction to its lowest terms. • Biology the halving of the number of chromosomes per cell that occurs at one of the two anaphases of meiosis. 2 [ count noun ] a thing that is made smaller or less in size or amount, in particular: • an arrangement of an orchestral score for piano or for a smaller group of performers. • a thick and concentrated liquid or sauce made by boiling. • a copy of a picture or photograph made on a smaller scale than the original. 3 the action of remedying a dislocation or fracture by returning the affected part of the body to its normal position. 4 Chemistry the process or result of reducing or being reduced. 5 Phonetics substitution of a sound which requires less muscular effort to articulate: the process of vowel reduction. ORIGIN late Middle English (denoting the action of bringing back ): from Old French, or from Latin reductio (n- ), from reducere ‘bring back, restore ’ (see reduce ). The sense development was broadly similar to that of reduce; sense 1 dates from the late 17th cent.

 

reduction gear

re |duc ¦tion gear ▶noun a system of gearwheels in which the driven shaft rotates more slowly than the driving shaft.

 

reductionism

re |duc ¦tion |ism |rɪˈdʌkʃ (ə )nɪz (ə )m | ▶noun [ mass noun ] often derogatory the practice of analysing and describing a complex phenomenon in terms of its simple or fundamental constituents, especially when this is said to provide a sufficient explanation. DERIVATIVES reductionist noun & adjective, reductionistic |-ˈnɪstɪk |adjective

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

reduction

reduction noun 1 a reduction in pollution: lessening, lowering, decrease, diminution, fade-out. 2 a staff reduction: cutback, cut, downsizing, scaling down, trimming, pruning, axing, chopping. 3 a reduction in inflationary pressure: easing, lightening, moderation, alleviation. 4 a reduction in status: demotion, downgrading, lowering. 5 substantial reductions: discount, markdown, deduction, cut, price cut.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

reduction

reduction noun 1 a reduction in pollution: lessening, lowering, decrease, diminution, minimizing. ANTONYMS increase, enlargement. 2 the closure of those offices led to a reduction in staff: depletion, cut, cutting, cutback, scaling down, trimming, slimming (down ), pruning, axing, chopping, curtailment, limiting. 3 there will be some reduction in the pressure to keep costs down: easing, lightening, moderation, dilution, mitigation, commuting, qualification, alleviation, relaxation, abatement. 4 a reduction in status: demotion, downgrading, lowering; abasement, humbling, demeaning, belittling, humiliation, bringing low. ANTONYMS promotion. 5 substantial reductions on children's clothes: discount, markdown, deduction, (price ) cut, pullback, concession, allowance; informal slash. ANTONYMS increase.

 

French Dictionary

réduction

réduction n. f. nom féminin 1 Action de diminuer. : La réduction des dépenses. SYNONYME compression ; diminution . 2 Terme général qui désigne une diminution accordée sur un prix. : Une réduction de 50 \% sur les prix courants. Note Sémantique Ne pas confondre avec les noms suivants: • escompte, réduction de prix accordée en raison de l ’acquittement d ’une dette avant son échéance; • rabais, diminution accordée sur un prix, particulièrement en raison d ’un niveau de qualité inférieur, d ’un défaut de conformité, pour une fin de série, etc. ; • remise (quantitative ), diminution de prix accordée à un client important en fonction des quantités achetées en un lot.

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

reduction

re duc tion /rɪdʌ́kʃ (ə )n /→reduce 名詞 複 ～s /-z /1 U 〖具体例では 可算 〗【形 数 量などの 】減少 , 縮小 ; (価格などの )割引 , 値下げ ; (費用 人員などの )削減 «in , on » ▸ an arms reduction treaty 軍備削減 [軍縮 ]条約 ▸ tax reduction 減税 ▸ a 20 percent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions 二酸化炭素排出量の20 ％削減 .2 U (写真 地図などの )縮小 ; C 縮図 , 縮写 (版 )(↔enlargement ).3 U C 陥落 , 征服 ; 格下げ ; 零落 , 衰微 .4 U C 〘生物 〙減数分裂 (meiosis ).5 U C 〘数 〙約分 , 通分 , 換算 .6 U C 〘化 〙還元 (法 ).7 U C 〘医 〙整復 (法 ) 〘ずれた骨などを正常に戻すこと 〙; (手術による乳房の )縮小 .8 U 〘天 〙(観測誤差の )修正 .9 U 変形 .red ù ction to abs ú rdity 〘論 〙背理法, 間接証明 .～́ g è ar 〘機 〙減速装置 .～ì sm 名詞 U 〘哲 〙還元主義 .～ist 名詞 C 形容詞 還元主義者 (の ).