English-Thai Dictionary
natural
ADJ ธรรมดา เป็นปกติ normal usual customary unusual unexpected tam-ma-da
natural
ADJ เป็นธรรมชาติ ี เกี่ยวกับ ธรรมชาติ ตาม ธรรมชาติ intrinsic original essential true artificial unnatural pen-tam-ma-chad
natural child
N บุตร นอกกฎหมาย ลูกนอกกฎหมาย illegitimate offspring bud-nok-kod-mai
natural childbirth
N การคลอดบุตร แบบ ธรรมชาติ kan-koed-bud-beab-tam-ma-chad
natural gas
N ก๊าซธรรมชาติ
natural gas
N แก๊ซ ธรรมชาติ kas-tam-ma-chad
natural history
N การศึกษา เกี่ยวกับ กับ สิ่งมีชีวิต kan-suek-sa-kiao-kab-sing-me-che-wid
natural law
N กฎธรรมชาติ kod-tam-ma-chad
natural law
N กฎธรรมชาติ หลัก แห่ง ธรรมชาติ written law statue law kod-tam-ma-chad
natural resource
N ทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ sab-pa-ya-kon-tam-ma-chad
natural resources
N ทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ resources sab-pa-ya-kon-tam-ma-chad
natural science
N ศาสตร์ ที่ ศึกษา ธรรมชาติ เช่น สัตววิทยา พฤกษศาสตร์ ธร ณีวิทยา sad-ti-suek-sa-tang-tam-ma-chd
natural selection
N กระบวนการ ที่ สัตว์ หรือ พืช ปรับตัว เข้ากับ สภาพแวดล้อม kra-buan-kan-ti-sad-rue-phud-prab-kao-kab-sa-pab-wed-lom
natural wastage
N การ ลด จำนวน ผู้ทำงาน โดย ไม่ หา ผู้แทน ตำแหน่งว่าง attrition kan-lod-jam-nuan-phu-tam-nong-doi-mai-ha-kon-wang-ngan
natural-born
ADJ ซึ่ง มี มา แต่กำเนิด sueng-me-ma-tea-kam-noed
natural-born
SL เกิด มา พร้อม พรสวรรค์ koed-ma-prom-pon-sa-wan
naturalisation
N การแสดง สัญชาติ adoption acculturation kan-sa-dang-san-chad
naturalise
VI ปรับตัว ให้ เข้ากับ สภาพแวดล้อม prab-tua-hai-kao-kab-sa-pab-wed-lom
naturalise
VI แปลง สัญชาติ โอนสัญชาติ ให้ สัญชาติ ให้ สิทธิ การ เป็น พลเมือง citizenship acclimate accustom plang-san-chad
naturalise
VT ทำให้ ชิน กับ สภาพแวดล้อม ปรับตัว ให้ เข้ากับ สภาพแวดล้อม tam-hai-chin-kab-sa-pab-wed-lom
naturalise
VT ทำให้ เป็นธรรมชาติ ทำให้ เหมือน ธรรมชาติ tam-hai-pen-tam-ma-chad
naturalise
VT แปลง สัญชาติ โอนสัญชาติ ให้ สัญชาติ ให้ สิทธิ การ เป็น พลเมือง plang-san-chad
naturalism
N ธรรมชาตินิยม ลัทธิ ธรรมชาตินิยม verisimilitude realism tam-ma-chad-ni-yom
naturalist
N นัก ธรรมชาตินิยม คนที่ ศึกษา เรื่อง ของ พืช และ สัตว์ botanist zoologist nak-tam-ma-chad-ni-yom
naturalization
N การแสดง สัญชาติ adoption acculturation kan-sa-dang-san-chad
naturalize
VI ปรับตัว ให้ เข้ากับ สภาพแวดล้อม prab-tua-hai-kao-kab-sa-pab-wed-lom
naturalize
VI แปลง สัญชาติ โอนสัญชาติ ให้ สัญชาติ ให้ สิทธิ การ เป็น พลเมือง citizenship acclimate accustom plang-san-chad
naturalize
VT ทำให้ ชิน กับ สภาพแวดล้อม ปรับตัว ให้ เข้ากับ สภาพแวดล้อม tam-hai-chin-kab-sa-pab-wed-lom
naturalize
VT ทำให้ เป็นธรรมชาติ ทำให้ เหมือน ธรรมชาติ tam-hai-pen-tam-ma-chad
naturalize
VT แปลง สัญชาติ โอนสัญชาติ ให้ สัญชาติ ให้ สิทธิ การ เป็น พลเมือง plang-san-chad
naturally
ADV ตาม ธรรมชาติ โดยธรรมชาติ artlessly spontaneously candidly easily awkwardly clumsily yam-yam-ma-chad
naturally
ADV แน่นอน อย่าง ที่ คาด ไว้ absolutely certainly of course nea-non
naturally
ADV โดยกำเนิด doi-kam-noed
naturalness
N ความ เป็นธรรมชาติ ease realism kwam-pen-tam-ma-chad
Webster's 1828 Dictionary
NATURAL
a.[to be born or produced ] 1. Pertaining to nature; produced or effected by nature, or by the laws of growth, formation or motion impressed on bodies or beings by divine power. Thus we speak of the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color; natural beauty. In this sense, natural is opposed to artificial or acquired.
2. According to the stated course of things. Poverty and shame are the natural consequences of certain vices.
3. Not forced; not far fetched; such as is dictated by nature. The gestures of the orator are natural.
4. According to the life; as a natural representation of the face.
5. Consonant to nature.
Fire and warmth go together, and so seem to carry with them as natural an evidence as self-evident truths themselves.
6. Derived from nature, as opposed to habitual. The love of pleasure is natural; the love of study is usually habitual or acquired.
7. Discoverable by reason; not revealed; as natural religion.
8. Produced or coming in the ordinary course of things, or the progress or animals and vegetables; as a natural death; opposed to violent or premature.
9. Tender; affectionate by nature.
1 . Unaffected; unassumed; according to truth and reality.
What can be more natural than the circumstances of the behavior of those women who had lost heir husbands on this fatal day?
11. Illegitimate; born out of wedlock; as a natural son.
12. Native; vernacular; as ones natural language.
13. Derived from the study of the works or nature; as natural knowledge.
14. A natural note, in music, is that which is according to the usual order of the scale; opposed to flat and sharp notes, which are called artificial.
Natural history, in its most extensive sense, is the description of whatever is created, or of the whole universe, including the heavens and the earth, and all the productions of the earth. But more generally, natural history is limited to a description of the earth and its productions, including zoology, botany, geology, mineralogy, meteorology, etc.
Natural philosophy, the science of material natural bodies, of their properties, powers and motions. It is distinguished from intellectual and moral philosophy, which respect the mind or understanding of man and the qualities of actions. Natural philosophy comprehends mechanics, hydrostatics, optics, astronomy, chimistry, magnetism, eletricity, galvanism, etc.
NATURAL
n. 1. An idiot; one born without the usual powers of reason or understanding. This is probably elliptical for natural fool.
2. A native; an original inhabitant.
3. Gift of nature; natural quality.
NATURALISM
n.Mere state of nature.
NATURALIST
n.One that studies natural history and philosophy or physics; one that is versed in natural history or philosophy. It is more generally applied to one that is versed in natural history.
NATURALIZATION
n.[See Naturalize. ] The act of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen. Naturalization in Great Britain is only by act of parliament. In the United States, it is by act of Congress, vesting certain tribunals with the power.
NATURALIZE
v.t.[from natural, nature. ] 1. To confer on an alien the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen; to adopt foreigners into a nation or state, and place them in the condition of natural born subjects.
2. To make natural; to render easy and familiar by custom and habit; as, custom naturalizes labor or study.
3. To adapt; to make suitable; to acclimate; as, to naturalize one to a climate.
4. To receive or adopt as native, natural or vernacular; to make our own; as, to naturalize foreign words.
5. To accustom; to habituate; as, to naturalize the vine to a cold climate.
NATURALIZED
pp. Invested with the privileges of natives; rendered easy and familiar; adapted to a climate; acclimated; received as native.
NATURALIZING
ppr. Vesting with the rights of native subjects; making easy; acclimating; adopting.
NATURALLY
adv. 1. According to nature; by the force or impulse of nature; not by art or habit. We are naturally prone to evil.
2. According to nature; without affectation; with just representation; according to life.
3. According to the usual course of things; as, the effect or consequence naturally follows.
4. Spontaneously; without art or cultivation. Every plant must have grown naturally in some place or other.
NATURALNESS
n. 1. The state of being given or produced by nature; as the naturalness of desire.
2. Conformity to nature, or to truth and reality; not affectation; as the naturalness of the eyebrows.
NATURALS
n.plu. Among physicians, whatever belongs naturally to an animal; opposed to non-naturals. [It may perhaps be sometimes used in the singular. ]
Webster's 1913 Dictionary
NATURAL
Nat "u *ral, a. Etym: [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See Nature. ]
1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential; characteristic; not artifical, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; as, the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color. With strong natural sense, and rare force of will. Macaulay.
2. Conformed to the order, laws, or actual facts, of nature; consonant to the methods of nature; according to the stated course of things, or in accordance with the laws which govern events, feelings, etc. ; not exceptional or violent; legitimate; normal; regular; as, the natural consequence of crime; a natural death. What can be more natural than the circumstances in the behavior of those women who had lost their husbands on this fatal day Addison.
3. Having to do with existing system to things; dealing with, or derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and mind, as known by man; within the scope of human reason or experience; not supernatural; as, a natural law; natural science; history, theology. I call that natural religion which men might know. .. by the mere principles of reason, improved by consideration and experience, without the help of revelation. Bp. Wilkins.
4. Conformed to truth or reality; as: (a ) Springing from true sentiment; not artifical or exaggerated; -- said of action, delivery, etc. ; as, a natural gesture, tone, etc. (b ) Resembling the object imitated; true to nature; according to the life; -- said of anything copied or imitated; as, a portrait is natural.
5. Having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position; not unnatural in feelings. To leave his wife, to leave his babes,... He wants the natural touch. Shak.
6. Connected by the ties of consanguinity. "Natural friends." J. H. Newman.
7. Begotten without the sanction of law; born out of wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural child.
8. Of or pertaining to the lower or animal nature, as contrasted with the higher or moral powers, or that which is spiritual; being in a state of nature; unregenerate. The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God. 1 Cor. ii. 14.
9. (Math. )
Defn: Belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some system, in which the base is 1; -- said or certain functions or numbers; as, natural numbers, those commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, etc. , those taken in arcs whose radii are 1.
1 . (Mus. ) (a ) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in distinction from instrumental music. (b ) of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major. (c ) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but little from the original key. Moore (Encyc. of Music ). Natural day, the space of twenty-four hours. Chaucer. -- Natural fats, Natural gas, etc. See under Fat, Gas. etc. -- Natural Harmony (Mus. ), the harmony of the triad or common chord. -- Natural history, in its broadest sense, a history or description of nature as a whole, incuding the sciences of botany, zoölogy, geology, mineralogy, paleontology, chemistry, and physics. In recent usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of botany and zoölogy collectively, and sometimes to the science of zoology alone. -- Natural law, that instinctive sense of justice and of right and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated human law. -- Natural modulation (Mus. ), transition from one key to its relative keys. -- Natural order. (Nat. Hist. ) See under order. -- Natural person. (Law ) See under person, n. -- Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in general; in modern usage, that branch of physical science, commonly called physics, which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with mental and moral philosophy. -- Natural scale (Mus. ), a scale which is written without flats or sharps. Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales represented by the use of flats and sharps ) being equally natural with the so-called natural scale -- Natural science, natural history, in its broadest sense; -- used especially in contradistinction to mental or moral science. -- Natural selection (Biol.), a supposed operation of natural laws analogous, in its operation and results, to designed selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in the survival of the fittest. The theory of natural selection supposes that this has been brought about mainly by gradual changes of environment which have led to corresponding changes of structure, and that those forms which have become so modified as to be best adapted to the changed environment have tended to survive and leave similarly adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted have tended to die out though lack of fitness for the environment, thus resulting in the survival of the fittest. See Darwinism. -- Natural system (Bot. & Zoöl.), a classification based upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of the organisms, and by their embryology. It should be borne in mind that the natural system of botany is natural only in the constitution of its genera, tribes, orders, etc. , and in its grand divisions. Gray. -- Natural theology, or Natural religion, that part of theological science which treats of those evidences of the existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from revealed religion. See Quotation under Natural, a., 3. -- Natural vowel, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir, her, etc. ; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest open position of the mouth organs. See Neutral vowel, under Neutral and Guide to Pronunciation, § 17.
Syn. -- See Native.
NATURAL
NATURAL Nat "u *ral, n.
1. A native; an aboriginal. [Obs. ] Sir W. Raleigh.
2. pl.
Defn: Natural gifts, impulses, etc. [Obs. ] Fuller.
3. One born without the usual powers of reason or understanding; an idiot. "The minds of naturals. " Locke.
4. (Mus. )
Defn: A character [] used to contradict, or to remove the effect of, a sharp or flat which has preceded it, and to restore the unaltered note.
NATURALISM
Nat "u *ral *ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. naturalisme.]
1. A state of nature; conformity to nature.
2. (Metaph.)
Defn: The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in spiritual influences; also, any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature to a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by one intelligent will.
NATURALIST
Nat "u *ral *ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. naturaliste. ]
1. One versed in natural science; a student of natural history, esp. of the natural history of animals.
2. One who holds or maintains the doctrine of naturalism in religion. H. Bushnell.
NATURALISTIC
NATURALISTIC Nat `u *ral *is "tic, a.
1. Belonging to the doctrines of naturalism.
2. Closely resembling nature; realistic. "Naturalistic bit of pantomime. " W. D. Howells.
NATURALITY
Nat `u *ral "i *ty, n. Etym: [L. naturalitas: cf. F. naturalité.]
Defn: Nature; naturalness. [R.]
NATURALIZATION
Nat `u *ral *i *za "tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. naturalisation. ]
Defn: The act or process of naturalizing, esp. of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native or citizen; also, the state of being naturalized.
NATURALIZE
Nat "u *ral *ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Naturalized; p. pr. & vb. n.Naturalizing. ] Etym: [Cf. F. naturaliser. See Natural. ]
1. To make natural; as, custom naturalizes labor or study.
2. To confer the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen on; to make as if native; to adopt, as a foreigner into a nation or state, and place in the condition of a native subject.
3. To receive or adopt as native, natural, or vernacular; to make one's own; as, to naturalize foreign words.
4. To adapt; to accustom; to habituate; to acclimate; to cause to grow as under natural conditions. Its wearer suggested that pears and peaches might yet be naturalized in the New England climate. Hawthorne.
NATURALIZE
NATURALIZE Nat "u *ral *ize, v. i.
1. To become as if native.
2. To explain phenomena by natural agencies or laws, to the exclusion of the supernatural. Infected by this naturalizing tendency. H. Bushnell.
NATURALLY
NATURALLY Nat "u *ral *ly, adv.
Defn: In a natural manner or way; according to the usual course of things; spontaneously.
NATURALNESS
NATURALNESS Nat "u *ral *ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being natural; conformity to nature.
NATURAL STEEL
NATURAL STEEL Nat "u *ral steel.
Defn: Steel made by the direct refining of cast iron in a finery, or, as wootz, by a direct process from the ore.
New American Oxford Dictionary
natural
nat u ral |ˈnaCHərəl ˈnætʃ (ə )rəl | ▶adjective 1 existing in or caused by nature; not made or caused by humankind: carrots contain a natural antiseptic that fights bacteria | natural disasters such as earthquakes. • (of fabric ) having a color characteristic of the unbleached and undyed state; off-white. 2 of or in agreement with the character or makeup of, or circumstances surrounding, someone or something: sharks have no natural enemies. • [ attrib. ] (of a person ) born with a particular skill, quality, or ability: he was a natural entertainer. • (of a skill, quality, or ability ) coming instinctively to a person; innate: writing appears to demand muscular movements that are not natural to children. • (of a person or their behavior ) relaxed and unaffected; spontaneous: he replied with too much nonchalance to sound natural. • occurring as a matter of course and without debate; inevitable: Ken was a natural choice for coach. • [ attrib. ] (of law or justice ) based on innate moral sense; instinctively felt to be right and fair. See also natural law. • Bridge (of a bid ) straightforwardly reflecting one's holding of cards. Often contrasted with conventional or artificial. 3 [ attrib. ] (of a parent or child ) related by blood: such adopted children always knew who their natural parents were. • chiefly archaic illegitimate: the Baron left a natural son by his mistress. 4 Music (of a note ) not sharped or flatted: [ postpositive, in combination ] : the bassoon plays G-natural instead of A-flat. • (of a brass instrument ) having no valves and able to play only the notes of the harmonic series above a fundamental note. • of or relating to the notes and intervals of the harmonic series. 5 Christian Theology relating to earthly or unredeemed human or physical nature as distinct from the spiritual or supernatural realm. ▶noun 1 a person regarded as having an innate gift or talent for a particular task or activity: she was a natural for the sort of television work required of her. • a thing that is particularly suited for something: perky musical accompaniment would seem a natural for this series. 2 Music a sign (♮) denoting a natural note when a previous sign or the key signature would otherwise demand a sharp or a flat. • a natural note. • any of the longer keys on a keyboard instrument that are normally white. 3 a creamy beige color. 4 a hand of cards, throw of dice, or other result that wins immediately, in particular: • a hand of two cards making 21 in the first deal in blackjack and similar games. • a first throw of 7 or 11 at craps. 5 Fishing an insect or other small creature used as bait, rather than an artificial imitation. 6 archaic a person born with a learning disability. ▶adverb informal or dialect naturally: keep walking —just act natural. ORIGIN Middle English (in the sense ‘having a certain status by birth ’): from Old French, from Latin naturalis, from natura ‘birth, nature, quality ’ (see nature ).
natural-born
nat u ral-born |ˈnætʃ (ə )rəl ˈˌbɔrn | ▶adjective having a specified innate characteristic or ability: Glen was a natural-born sailor. • archaic having a position by birth.
natural childbirth
nat u ral child birth |ˈnætʃ (ə )rəl ˈtʃaɪl (d )ˌbərθ | ▶noun childbirth with minimal medical or technological intervention, usually involving special breathing and relaxation techniques.
natural classification
nat u ral clas si fi ca tion ▶noun a scientific classification according to features that are held to be objectively significant, rather than being selected for convenience.
natural family planning
nat u ral fam i ly plan ning ▶noun another term for rhythm method.
natural food
nat u ral food ▶noun food that has undergone a minimum of processing or treatment with preservatives.
natural frequency
nat u ral fre quen cy ▶noun Physics the frequency at which a system oscillates when not subjected to a continuous or repeated external force.
natural gas
nat u ral gas |ˌnætʃ (ə )rəl ˈɡæs | ▶noun flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground (often in association with petroleum ) and used as fuel.
natural history
nat u ral his to ry |ˌnætʃ (ə )rəl ˈhɪst (ə )ri | ▶noun 1 the scientific study of animals or plants, esp. as concerned with observation rather than experiment, and presented in popular rather than academic form. • the study of the whole natural world, including mineralogy and paleontology. 2 Medicine the usual course of development of a disease or condition, esp. in the absence of treatment: the natural history of cancerous tumors. DERIVATIVES nat u ral his to ri an noun
Natural History Museum
Natural History Museum a museum of zoological, botanical, palaeontological, and mineralogical items in South Kensington, London.
naturalism
nat u ral ism |ˈnaCHərəˌlizəm ˈnætʃ (ə )rəˌlɪzəm | ▶noun 1 (in art and literature ) a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail. The name “Naturalism ” was given to a 19th -century artistic and literary movement, influenced by contemporary ideas of science and society, that rejected the idealization of experience and adopted an objective and often uncompromisingly realistic approach to art. Notable figures include the novelist Zola and the painter Théodore Rousseau. 2 a philosophical viewpoint according to which everything arises from natural properties and causes, and supernatural or spiritual explanations are excluded or discounted. [translating French naturalisme. ] • (in moral philosophy ) the theory that ethical statements can be derived from nonethical ones. • another term for natural religion.
naturalist
nat u ral ist |ˈnaCHərəlist ˈnætʃ (ə )rələst | ▶noun 1 an expert in or student of natural history. 2 a person who practices naturalism in art or literature. • a person who adopts philosophical naturalism. ▶adjective another term for naturalistic.
naturalistic
nat u ral is tic |ˌnaCHərəˈlistik ˈˌnætʃ (ə )rəˈˌlɪstɪk | ▶adjective 1 derived from real life or nature, or imitating it very closely: verbatim records of children's speech in naturalistic settings. 2 based on the theory of naturalism in art or literature: naturalistic paintings of the city. • of or according to the philosophy of naturalism: phenomena once considered supernatural have yielded to naturalistic explanation. DERIVATIVES nat u ral is ti cal ly adverb
naturalize
nat u ral ize |ˈnaCHərəˌlīz ˈnætʃ (ə )rəˌlaɪz | ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 (often be /become naturalized ) admit (a foreigner ) to the citizenship of a country: he was born in a foreign country and had never been naturalized | (as adj. naturalized ) : a naturalized U.S. citizen born in Germany. • [ no obj. ] (of a foreigner ) be admitted to the citizenship of a country: the opportunity to naturalize as American. • alter (an adopted foreign word ) so that it conforms more closely to the phonology or orthography of the adopting language: the stoccafisso of Liguria was naturalized in Nice as stocoficada. 2 (usu. as adj. naturalized ) Biology establish (a plant or animal ) so that it lives wild in a region where it is not indigenous: native and naturalized species | black mustard has become naturalized in America. • (with reference to a cultivated plant ) establish or become established in a natural situation: [ with obj. ] : this species of crocus naturalizes itself very easily. 3 regard as or cause to appear natural: although women do more child care than men, feminists should beware of naturalizing that fact. • explain (a phenomenon ) in a naturalistic way. DERIVATIVES nat u ral i za tion |ˌnaCHərələˈzāSHən |noun ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from French naturaliser, from Old French natural (see natural ).
natural killer cell
nat u ral kill er cell ▶noun Medicine a lymphocyte able to bind to certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without the stimulation of antigens, and kill them by the insertion of granules containing perforin.
natural language
nat u ral lan guage |ˈnætʃ (ə )rəl ˈlæŋɡwɪʤ | ▶noun a language that has developed naturally in use (as contrasted with an artificial language or computer code ).
natural law
nat u ral law |ˈnætʃ (ə )rəl lɔ | ▶noun 1 a body of unchanging moral principles regarded as a basis for all human conduct. 2 an observable law relating to natural phenomena: the natural laws of perspective. • such laws collectively.
natural life
nat u ral life ▶noun the expected span of a person's life or a thing's existence under normal circumstances: a man sentenced to spend the rest of his natural life in prison.
natural logarithm
nat u ral log a rithm (abbr.: ln or log e ) ▶noun Mathematics a logarithm to the base e (2.71828 …).
naturally
nat u ral ly |ˈnaCHərəlē ˈnætʃ (ə )rəli | ▶adverb 1 in a natural manner, in particular: • in a normal manner; without distortion or exaggeration: act naturally. • as a natural result: one leads naturally into the other. • without special help or intervention: naturally curly hair. 2 [ sentence adverb ] as may be expected; of course: naturally, I hoped for the best.
natural magic
nat u ral mag ic ▶noun (in the Middle Ages ) magic practiced for beneficial purposes, involving the making of images, healing, and the use of herbs.
naturalness
nat u ral ness |ˈnaCHərəlnis ˈnætʃrəlnəs | ▶noun the quality or state of being natural.
natural numbers
nat u ral num bers ▶plural noun the positive integers (whole numbers ) 1, 2, 3, etc. , and sometimes zero as well.
natural philosophy
nat u ral phi los o phy ▶noun archaic natural science, esp. physical science. DERIVATIVES nat u ral phi los o pher noun
natural religion
nat u ral re li gion ▶noun religion, esp. deism, based on reason rather than divine revelation.
natural resources
nat u ral re sources ▶plural noun materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.
natural science
nat u ral sci ence |ˈˌnætʃ (ə )rəl ˈsaɪəns | ▶noun (usu. natural sciences ) a branch of science that deals with the physical world, e.g., physics, chemistry, geology, and biology. • the branch of knowledge that deals with the study of the physical world. DERIVATIVES nat u ral sci en tist noun
natural selection
nat u ral se lec tion |ˈnætʃ (ə )rəl səˈlɛkʃən | ▶noun Biology the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution. Compare with survival of the fittest (see survival ).
natural theology
nat u ral the ol o gy ▶noun theology or knowledge of God based on observed facts and experience apart from divine revelation.
natural virtue
nat u ral vir tue ▶noun any of the traditional chief moral virtues, esp. the cardinal virtues.
natural year
nat |ural year ▶noun the tropical or solar year. See year ( sense 1 ).
Oxford Dictionary
natural
nat |ural |ˈnatʃ (ə )r (ə )l | ▶adjective 1 existing in or derived from nature; not made or caused by humankind: carrots contain a natural antiseptic | natural disasters such as earthquakes. • having had a minimum of processing or preservative treatment: natural food | our nutritional products are completely natural. • (of fabric ) having a colour characteristic of the unbleached and undyed state; off-white. 2 in accordance with the nature of, or circumstances surrounding, someone or something: sharks have no natural enemies. • [ attrib. ] (of a person ) having an innate skill or quality: he was a natural entertainer. • (of a skill or quality ) coming instinctively to a person; innate: Laura's natural adaptability enabled her to settle quickly. • (of a person or their behaviour ) relaxed and unaffected; spontaneous: he replied with just a little too much nonchalance to sound natural. • entirely to be expected: Ken was a natural choice for chairman. • [ attrib. ] (of law or justice ) felt instinctively to be morally right and fair. 3 [ attrib. ] (of a parent or child ) related by blood. • chiefly archaic (of a child ) illegitimate. 4 Music (of a note ) not sharp or flat: the bassoon plays G natural instead of A flat. • (of a brass instrument ) having no valves and able to play only the notes of the harmonic series above a fundamental note. • relating to the notes and intervals of the harmonic series. 5 Christian Theology relating to earthly human or physical nature as distinct from the spiritual or supernatural realm. 6 Bridge (of a bid ) straightforwardly reflecting one's holding of cards. Often contrasted with conventional or artificial. ▶noun 1 a person having an innate talent for a particular task or activity: she was a natural for television work. 2 Music a sign (♮) denoting a natural note when a previous sign or the key signature would otherwise demand a sharp or a flat. • a natural note. • any of the longer, lower keys on a keyboard instrument that are normally white. 3 [ mass noun ] an off-white colour. 4 a hand of cards, throw of dice, or other result which wins immediately, in particular: • a hand of two cards making 21 in the first deal in blackjack and similar games. • a first throw of 7 or 11 at craps. 5 Fishing an insect or other small creature used as bait, rather than an artificial imitation. 6 archaic a person born with a learning disability. ▶adverb informal or dialect naturally: keep walking —just act natural. ORIGIN Middle English (in the sense ‘having a certain status by birth ’): from Old French, from Latin naturalis, from natura ‘birth, nature, quality ’ (see nature ).
natural-born
natural-born ▶adjective having a specified innate characteristic or ability: Glen was a natural-born sailor. • archaic having a particular position by birth: a natural-born citizen.
natural childbirth
nat |ural child |birth ▶noun [ mass noun ] childbirth with minimal medical or technological intervention, usually involving special breathing and relaxation techniques.
natural classification
nat |ural clas ¦si ¦fi |ca ¦tion ▶noun a scientific classification according to features which are held to be objectively significant, rather than being selected for convenience.
natural food
nat u ral food ▶noun food that has undergone a minimum of processing or treatment with preservatives.
natural frequency
nat |ural fre |quency ▶noun Physics the frequency at which a system oscillates when not subjected to a continuous or repeated external force.
natural gas
nat |ural gas ▶noun [ mass noun ] flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground (often in association with petroleum ) and used as fuel.
natural history
nat |ural his |tory ▶noun [ mass noun ] 1 the scientific study of animals or plants, especially as concerned with observation rather than experiment, and presented in popular form. • the study of the whole natural world, including mineralogy and palaeontology. • natural phenomena which are the subject of scientific observation: the area has an abundance of wildlife and natural history. 2 Medicine the usual course of development of a disease or condition, especially in the absence of treatment. DERIVATIVES natural historian noun
Natural History Museum
Natural History Museum a museum of zoological, botanical, palaeontological, and mineralogical items in South Kensington, London.
naturalism
nat ¦ur ¦al |ism |ˈnatʃ (ə )rəlɪz (ə )m | ▶noun [ mass noun ] 1 (in art and literature ) a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail. The name ‘Naturalism ’ was given to a 19th -century artistic and literary movement, influenced by contemporary ideas of science and society, which rejected the idealization of experience and adopted an objective and often uncompromisingly realistic approach to art. Notable figures include the novelist Zola and the painter Courbet. 2 the philosophical belief that everything arises from natural properties and causes, and supernatural or spiritual explanations are excluded or discounted. 3 (in moral philosophy ) the theory that ethical statements can be derived from non-ethical ones.
naturalist
nat ¦ur ¦al |ist |ˈnatʃ (ə )rəlɪst | ▶noun 1 an expert in or student of natural history. 2 a person who practises naturalism in art or literature. • a person who adopts philosophical naturalism. ▶adjective another term for naturalistic.
naturalistic
nat ¦ur ¦al |is ¦tic |natʃ (ə )rəˈlɪstɪk | ▶adjective 1 derived from or closely imitating real life or nature: a naturalistic rock garden. 2 based on the theory of naturalism in art or literature: naturalistic paintings of the city. • of or according to the philosophy of naturalism. DERIVATIVES naturalistically adverb
naturalize
naturalize |ˈnatʃ (ə )rəlʌɪz |(also naturalise ) ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 admit (a foreigner ) to the citizenship of a country: he was born in a foreign country and had never been naturalized | (as adj. naturalized ) : a naturalized US citizen born in Germany. • [ no obj. ] (of a foreigner ) be admitted to the citizenship of a country. 2 (usu. as adj. naturalized ) Biology establish (a plant or animal ) so that it lives wild in a region where it is not indigenous: native and naturalized species | black mustard has become naturalized in Britain and America. • (with reference to a cultivated plant ) establish or become established in a natural situation: [ with obj. ] : this species of crocus naturalizes itself very easily. 3 alter (an adopted foreign word ) so that it conforms more closely to the phonology or orthography of the adopting language. 4 regard as or cause to appear natural: although women do more childcare than men, feminists should beware of naturalizing that fact. • explain (a phenomenon ) in a naturalistic way. DERIVATIVES naturalization |-ˈzeɪʃ (ə )n |noun ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from French naturaliser, from Old French natural (see natural ).
natural killer cell
nat |ural kill ¦er cell ▶noun Medicine a lymphocyte able to bind to certain tumour cells and virus-infected cells without the stimulation of antigens, and kill them by the insertion of granules containing perforin.
natural language
nat |ural lan |guage ▶noun a language that has developed naturally in use (as contrasted with an artificial language or computer code ).
natural law
nat |ural law ▶noun 1 [ mass noun ] a body of unchanging moral principles regarded as a basis for all human conduct. 2 an observable law relating to natural phenomena: the natural laws of perspective. • [ mass noun ] observable laws collectively.
natural life
nat |ural life ▶noun the expected span of a person's life or a thing's existence under normal circumstances: the natural life of a hen is seven years.
natural logarithm
natural logarithm (abbrev.: ln or log e ) ▶noun Mathematics a logarithm to the base e (2.71828 …).
naturally
nat ¦ur |al ¦ly |ˈnatʃ (ə )rəli | ▶adverb 1 without special intervention; in a natural manner: [ as submodifier ] : naturally curly hair. • in a normal manner; without exaggeration or effort: act naturally. • [ as submodifier ] by nature: a naturally bright pupil. • as a logical result: one leads naturally into the other. 2 [ sentence adverb ] as may be expected: naturally, I hoped for the best. PHRASES come naturally (of an action or skill ) be easily accomplished, without the need for teaching or practice: for some people creative writing may come naturally.
natural magic
nat |ural magic ▶noun [ mass noun ] (in the Middle Ages ) magic practised for beneficial purposes, involving the making of images, healing, and the use of herbs.
naturalness
nat ¦ur ¦al |ness |ˈnatʃ (ə )r (ə )lnəs, ˈnatʃ (ə )rəlnəs | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the quality or state of being natural: she demonstrates an ease and naturalness that many actors try hard to project.
natural numbers
nat |ural num ¦bers ▶plural noun the positive integers (whole numbers ) 1, 2, 3, etc. , and sometimes zero as well.
natural philosophy
nat |ural phil |oso ¦phy ▶noun [ mass noun ] archaic natural science, especially physical science. DERIVATIVES natural philosopher noun
natural religion
nat |ural re |li ¦gion ▶noun [ mass noun ] religion based on reason rather than divine revelation, especially deism.
natural resources
nat |ural re |sources ▶plural noun materials or substances occurring in nature which can be exploited for economic gain.
natural science
nat |ural sci |ence ▶noun (usu. natural sciences ) a branch of science which deals with the physical world, e.g. physics, chemistry, geology, biology. • [ mass noun ] the branch of knowledge which deals with the study of the physical world.
natural selection
nat |ural se ¦lec |tion ▶noun [ mass noun ] Biology the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin, and it is now regarded as be the main process that brings about evolution. Compare with survival of the fittest (see survival ).
natural theology
nat |ural the |ology ▶noun [ mass noun ] theology or knowledge of God based on observed facts and experience apart from divine revelation.
natural virtues
nat |ural vir |tues ▶plural noun the traditional chief moral virtues of justice, prudence, temperance, and fortitude. Often contrasted with theological virtues.
natural wastage
nat |ural wast ¦age ▶noun Brit. see wastage ( sense 2 ).
natural year
nat |ural year ▶noun the tropical or solar year. See year ( sense 1 ).
American Oxford Thesaurus
natural
natural adjective 1 a natural occurrence: normal, ordinary, everyday, usual, regular, common, commonplace, typical, routine, standard, established, customary, accustomed, habitual. ANTONYMS abnormal, exceptional. 2 natural produce: unprocessed, organic, pure, wholesome, unrefined, pesticide-free, additive-free. ANTONYMS artificial, refined. 3 Alex is a natural leader: born, naturally gifted, untaught. 4 his natural instincts: innate, inborn, inherent, native, instinctive, intuitive; hereditary, inherited, inbred, congenital, connate. ANTONYMS acquired. 5 she seemed very natural: unaffected, spontaneous, uninhibited, relaxed, unselfconscious, genuine, open, artless, guileless, ingenuous, unpretentious, without airs. ANTONYMS self-conscious, false, affected. 6 it was quite natural to think that: reasonable, logical, understandable, (only ) to be expected, predictable. ANTONYMS unreasonable.
naturalist
naturalist noun the wildlife preserve employs a team of naturalists from around the world: natural historian, life scientist, wildlife expert; biologist, botanist, zoologist, ornithologist, entomologist, ecologist.
naturalistic
naturalistic adjective her sculptures are so naturalistic they seem to breathe: realistic, real-life, true-to-life, lifelike, graphic, representational, faithful, photographic. ANTONYMS abstract.
naturalize
naturalize verb 1 he was naturalized in 1950: grant citizenship to, make a citizen, enfranchise, give a passport to. 2 they naturalized new species of grass and wildflowers: establish, introduce, acclimatize, domesticate; acclimate.
naturally
naturally adverb 1 he's naturally shy: by nature, by character, inherently, innately, congenitally. 2 try to act naturally: normally, in a natural manner /way, unaffectedly, spontaneously, genuinely, unpretentiously; informal natural. ANTONYMS self-consciously. 3 naturally, they wanted everything kept quiet: of course, as might be expected, needless to say; obviously, clearly, it goes without saying. ANTONYMS surprisingly. WORD NOTE naturally Writers generally hope that their sentences smoothly interlock, and that any reader's eyes pass swiftly down the page without effort. To assist in creating this frictionless continuity, we sometimes turn to words like naturally or phrases like of course, in fact, and that said. These usually appear at the start of a sentence, simultaneously announcing new material while subtly or overtly harking back to earlier content. The occasional use of these locutions to promote continuity is fine, but all too often they merely signal slack writing. In themselves such words don't actually carry any meaning; they are simply syntactic grace notes —and employed too often they grow into verbal tics. As much as possible, cast out these fawning connectives and make your thinking the dynamic that sweeps the reader along. Prefer concision to clutter, the meaningful to the vacuous. — MD Conversational, opinionated, and idiomatic, these Word Notes are an opportunity to see a working writer's perspective on a particular word or usage.
Oxford Thesaurus
natural
natural adjective 1 a natural occurrence: normal, ordinary, everyday, usual, regular, common, commonplace, typical, routine, standard, established, customary, accustomed, habitual, run-of-the-mill, stock, unexceptional. ANTONYMS abnormal, unnatural, exceptional. 2 her policy of using fresh, natural produce: unprocessed, organic, pure, wholesome, unrefined, pesticide-free, chemical-free, additive-free, unbleached, unmixed, real, plain, virgin, crude, raw. ANTONYMS artificial, refined. 3 Alex is a natural leader: born, naturally gifted, untaught. 4 his natural instincts: innate, inborn, inherent, native, native-born, intrinsic, instinctive, instinctual, intuitive, natural-born, ingrained, built-in; gut; hereditary, inherited, inbred, congenital; rare connate, connatural. ANTONYMS acquired. 5 she's very natural | the conversation was natural and easy: unaffected, spontaneous, uninhibited, straightforward, relaxed, unselfconscious, genuine, open, artless, guileless, ingenuous, unsophisticated, unpretentious, without airs, easy; unstudied, unforced, uncontrived, unmannered, unstilted, unconstrained. ANTONYMS affected, false; stilted, strained; awkward, self-conscious. 6 it was quite natural for him to think she admired him: reasonable, logical, understandable, unsurprising, expected, (only ) to be expected, predictable; inevitable. ANTONYMS unreasonable. 7 his natural son: illegitimate, born out of wedlock; informal, dated born on the wrong side of the blanket; archaic bastard, misbegotten, baseborn, spurious; rare adulterine. ANTONYMS legitimate.
naturalist
naturalist noun natural historian, life scientist, wildlife expert; biologist, botanist, zoologist, ornithologist, entomologist, ecologist, conservationist, environmentalist, preservationist; birdwatcher; N. Amer. birder; informal twitcher. EASILY CONFUSED WORDS naturalist or naturist? Unwary naturalists might be embarrassed to come across naturists when they were looking for specimens. Despite their similar spelling, the two words have quite different meanings: a naturalist is someone interested in or knowledgeable about natural history, while naturist is a less common term for nudist. These notes clear up confusion between similar-looking pairs.
naturalistic
naturalistic adjective naturalistic painting | a naturalistic drama: realistic, real-life, true-to-life, lifelike, vivid, graphic, representational, photographic; factual; French vérité; informal kitchen-sink, warts and all; rare verisimilar, veristic. ANTONYMS abstract.
naturalize
naturalize verb 1 he emigrated to London before the Second World War and was naturalized in 1950: grant citizenship to, make a citizen, endow with the rights of citizenship, confer citizenship on, give a passport to, enfranchise; rare endenizen, denizen, citizenize. 2 coriander has been naturalized in southern Britain: establish, introduce, acclimatize, domesticate; N. Amer. acclimate. 3 he saw myth as the process by which ideology is naturalized: assimilate, absorb, incorporate, adopt, accept, take in, homogenize; rare acculturate.
naturally
naturally adverb 1 he's naturally shy: by nature, by character, inherently, innately, congenitally, instinctively. 2 try and act naturally: normally, in a natural manner /way, unaffectedly, spontaneously, genuinely, artlessly, unpretentiously; informal natural. ANTONYMS awkwardly, self-consciously, pretentiously. 3 naturally, they wanted everything kept quiet: of course, as might be expected, as you /one would expect, needless to say, not unexpectedly, as was anticipated, as a matter of course; obviously, clearly, it goes without saying; informal natch. ANTONYMS surprisingly.
naturalness
naturalness noun she was different —she'd lost a certain naturalness: unselfconsciousness, lack of affectation, spontaneity, spontaneousness, lack of inhibition, straightforwardness, genuineness, openness, ingenuousness, simplicity, lack of sophistication, unpretentiousness, lack of pretension. ANTONYMS affectation, awkwardness, self-consciousness, pretentiousness.
Duden Dictionary
natural
na tu ral Adjektiv selten |natur a l | naturell
Naturalabgaben
Na tu ral ab ga ben Pluralwort , die |Natur a labgaben |Pluraletantum Abgaben in Form von Naturalien anstelle von Geld
Naturalbezüge
Na tu ral be zü ge Pluralwort , die |Natur a lbezüge |Pluraletantum Bezüge in Form von Naturalien
Naturaleinkommen
Na tu ral ein kom men Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Natur a leinkommen |
Naturalien
Na tu ra li en Pluralwort , die |Natur a lien |Pluraletantum lateinisch naturalia, Neutrum Plural von: naturalis = zur Natur gehörig, natürlich landwirtschaftliche Produkte, Rohstoffe, die als Zahlungsmittel oder zum Tauschen verwendet werden er nimmt lieber Naturalien statt Geld | in Naturalien bezahlen
Naturaliensammlung
Na tu ra li en samm lung Substantiv, feminin , die |Natur a liensammlung |naturwissenschaftliche Sammlung 3a
Naturalisation
Na tu ra li sa ti on Substantiv, feminin , die |Naturalisati o n |französisch naturalisation 1 Einbürgerung 2 das Naturalisieren 3
naturalisieren
na tu ra li sie ren schwaches Verb |naturalis ie ren |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « französisch naturaliser 1 einbürgern 1 2 Biologie einbürgern 2 3 selten naturgetreu präparieren z. B. die Tierköpfe bei Fellen
Naturalisierung
Na tu ra li sie rung Substantiv, feminin , die |Naturalis ie rung | Naturalisation
Naturalismus
Na tu ra lis mus Substantiv, maskulin , der |Natural i smus |der Naturalismus; Genitiv: des Naturalismus, Plural: die Naturalismen französisch naturalisme 1 a ohne Plural (besonders in Literatur und Kunst ) Wirklichkeitstreue, -nähe in der Darstellung b naturalistisches Element [in einem Kunstwerk ]2 ohne Plural europäischer Kunststil zu Ende des 19. und am Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts, der eine möglichst naturgetreue Darstellung der Wirklichkeit (besonders auch des Hässlichen und des Elends ) erstrebte und auf jegliche Stilisierung verzichtete 3 philosophische Weltanschauung, nach der alles aus der Natur und diese allein aus sich selbst erklärbar ist
Naturalist
Na tu ra list Substantiv, maskulin , der |Natural i st |französisch naturaliste Vertreter des Naturalismus 2
Naturalistik
Na tu ra lis tik Substantiv, feminin , die |Natural i stik |die Naturalistik; Genitiv: der Naturalistik Naturalismus 1a
Naturalistin
Na tu ra lis tin Substantiv, feminin , die |Natural i stin |die Naturalistin; Genitiv: der Naturalistin, Plural: die Naturalistinnen weibliche Form zu Naturalist
naturalistisch
na tu ra lis tisch Adjektiv |natural i stisch |1 bildungssprachlich (von künstlerischen Darstellungen ) wirklichkeitsnah, naturgetreu naturalistisch gemalte Tiere 2 den Naturalismus 2 betreffend, ihm entsprechend der naturalistische Roman
Naturallohn
Na tu ral lohn Substantiv, maskulin , der |Natur a llohn | vgl. Naturalbezüge
Naturalobligation
Na tu ral ob li ga ti on Substantiv, feminin , die |Natur a lobligation |die Naturalobligation; Genitiv: der Naturalobligation, Plural: die Naturalobligationen nicht [mehr ] einklagbarer Rechtsanspruch z. B. Spiel-, Wettschuld, verjährte Forderung
Naturalregister
Na tu ral re gis ter Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Natur a lregister |das Naturalregister; Genitiv: des Naturalregisters, Plural: die Naturalregister in der landwirtschaftlichen Buchführung das Buch zur Eintragung der Hofvorräte und des Viehstandes
Naturalrestitution
Na tu ral re s ti tu ti on , Na tu ral re sti tu ti on Substantiv, feminin Rechtssprache , die |Natur a lrestitution |Grundsatz, nach dem geleisteter Schadenersatz den ursprünglichen Zustand wiederherstellen soll
Naturalwirtschaft
Na tu ral wirt schaft Substantiv, feminin , die |Natur a lwirtschaft |Wirtschaftsform, bei der nur Waren gegen Waren getauscht werden
French Dictionary
naturalisation
naturalisation n. f. nom féminin 1 Action d ’accorder à un immigrant la nationalité d ’un pays. 2 écologie Acclimatation durable d ’une espèce introduite dans une région, qui la rend capable de se reproduire et de se maintenir comme partie intégrante de la faune ou de la flore indigènes (GDT ).
naturaliser
naturaliser v. tr. verbe transitif 1 Conférer à un immigrant la naturalisation. Note Sémantique Ne pas confondre avec le verbe nationaliser, transférer à l ’État la propriété d ’une entreprise privée. 2 écologie Acclimater durablement une espèce de la faune ou de la flore dans une région. 3 Conserver un animal par taxidermie, de manière à lui garder une apparence naturelle. : Naturaliser un cerf de Virginie. aimer
naturaliste
naturaliste adj. et n. m. et f. adjectif et nom masculin et féminin Se dit d ’une personne qui étudie les plantes, les minéraux, les animaux. : Le Cercle des jeunes naturalistes. nom masculin et féminin Taxidermiste.
Spanish Dictionary
natural
natural adjetivo 1 De la naturaleza, relacionado con ella o producido por ella sin la intervención del hombre :el patrimonio natural de una región; el agua forma cuevas naturales en la roca caliza; el impresionante acantilado constituye una verdadera muralla natural .2 Que forma parte de la naturaleza de algo y es propio y característico de ello :la tendencia natural del pergamino a curvarse; la dureza y la frialdad son naturales en el cristal .SINÓNIMO normal .3 Que es predecible, lógico o razonable :me parece natural que venga a visitarte si estás enfermo; el embarazo era aceptable para la mujer como la consecuencia natural de su casamiento .SINÓNIMO normal .4 Que puede ser explicado según las leyes de la naturaleza :muerte natural; el crecimiento natural de una población se basa en la diferencia entre nacimientos y muertes .5 Que es biológico pero no se reconoce en disposiciones legales :madre natural .6 Que es tal y como se produce en la naturaleza, sin alteración o transformación por parte del hombre :seda natural; bronceado natural; piña natural; esta mermelada es natural: no tiene conservantes ni colorantes .ANTÓNIMO artificial .7 [cosa ] Que imita con acierto lo que ya hay en la naturaleza :se ha teñido el pelo de un color caoba muy natural; estas flores de tela son muy naturales .8 [café ] Que se ha tostado sin elementos añadidos y tiene un aroma intenso y un sabor suave :se mezcla el café en una proporción de 20 gramos de café torrefacto por cada 100 gramos de natural .9 [persona ] Que se comporta o actúa con naturalidad o espontaneidad :has salido muy natural en esta foto .10 Que implica naturalidad y espontaneidad :una sonrisa muy natural .11 [derecho, ley, religión ] Que no ha sido promulgado o establecido por el ser humano sino que se inspira en la naturaleza :es un hecho aceptado de forma prácticamente unánime que estamos obligados a considerar nuestra libertad como un derecho natural .ANTÓNIMO positivo .12 adjetivo /nombre común [persona ] Que ha nacido en el lugar que se especifica :los naturales de Madrid se denominan “madrileños ”; a finales de siglo trabaja en León el arquitecto Antonio Gaudí, natural de Reus (Tarragona ).13 nombre masculino Manera de ser o de comportarse una persona :tiene un natural bondadoso y tranquilo .SINÓNIMO carácter, temperamento .14 adjetivo mús [nota ] Que no es modificado por sostenidos ni bemoles :sucesión de notas naturales en una progresión de Telemann .15 nombre masculino taur Pase dado con la mano izquierda y sin ayuda del estoque en el que el toro sale por el mismo lado por donde lo ha llamado el torero, es decir, por el de la mano que lleva la muleta :el torero prolongó la floja embestida del animal y hasta consiguió, cuando se echó la muleta a la zurda, algún natural de bello trazo .También pase natural .16 adverbio Se utiliza, especialmente en respuestas o réplicas, para expresar que algo ocurre o es como se esperaba y que, dadas ciertas circunstancias que se consideran, no se concibe otra posibilidad distinta a esta :―En este momento no me queda más remedio que aceptar el trabajo. ―Natural .SINÓNIMO naturalmente .al natural i Sin elaboración ni artificios, tal y como es en realidad :en Costa Rica no hemos tenido oportunidad de oírle al natural; algunas personas están más atractivas al natural que con tanto maquillaje .ii [alimento ] Que está en su jugo, no tiene condimentos ni componentes artificiales y no ha sido sometido a elaboración o transformación especial :mejillones al natural; hay conservas de tomate al natural, pelado y triturado .del natural Se aplica a la ejecución de una obra de arte e indica que se hace copiando directamente de un modelo real :copiar del natural; pintaron paisajes del natural con tonos claros y luminosos; la primera etapa de Velázquez técnicamente se caracteriza por una pincelada espesa, el dominio del natural . VÉASE año natural; calor natural; ciencias naturales; día natural; fibra natural; frontera natural; gas natural; hijo natural; historia natural; imán natural; logaritmo natural; luz natural; medicina natural; muerte natural; número natural; orden natural; parque natural; pase natural; selección natural; tamaño natural; trompa natural . ETIMOLOGÍA Préstamo (s. xii ) del latín naturalis ‘de nacimiento ’, ‘natural ’. De la familia etimológica de nacer (V.).
naturaleza
naturaleza nombre femenino 1 Conjunto de las cosas que existen en el mundo o que se producen o modifican sin intervención del ser humano :fenómenos de la naturaleza; ciencias de la naturaleza; el ser humano hereda un enorme patrimonio de bienes que no encuentra dados por la naturaleza, sino elaborados por sus antecesores .2 Principio creador y organizador de todo lo que existe :las inescrutables fuerzas de la naturaleza; gracias a la madre naturaleza y a la bien probada fertilidad de las plantas y de los animales en tierras de América, los colonos peruanos libraron sus haciendas de la perdición; la naturaleza nos reserva a todos, grandes o chicos, extensiones inconmensurables de tierras ignotas .3 Conjunto de los constituyentes geográficos de la Tierra (el campo, los bosques, las montañas, los ríos, las aguas, etc. ):amar la naturaleza; leyes para la conservación de la naturaleza; te vendrán muy bien unos días de contacto con la naturaleza .4 Conjunto de características propias y definitorias de un ser o una cosa :naturaleza divina; naturaleza humana; la naturaleza del clima mediterráneo; un fenómeno de naturaleza desconocida; el autor aborda las normas que regulan el procedimiento para la devolución de ingresos indebidos de naturaleza tributaria; la continencia se encuentra siempre en la naturaleza ‘(physis )’ individual .5 Complexión o constitución física de una persona :tuvo desde niño una naturaleza débil y enfermiza .6 Carácter o temperamento de una persona o un animal :la naturaleza feroz del león; una persona de naturaleza violenta .7 Circunstancia de ser una persona de un país o una ciudad determinados :en el certificado deberá constar la naturaleza, la filiación y otros datos del titular .naturaleza muerta Obra pictórica que representa animales muertos, frutas, flores u otros seres inanimados :la alacena entreabierta con libros y jarrones en su interior es precursora de la pintura de naturalezas muertas y bodegones del siglo xvii; sus naturalezas muertas son muy realistas .por naturaleza Por la manera natural de ser de la persona o la cosa de que se trata :nadie es, por naturaleza, violento; Aristóteles afirma que el amigo es deseable por naturaleza; el rock es rebelde y escandaloso por naturaleza . VÉASE carta de naturaleza . ETIMOLOGÍA Derivado de natural (V.). De la familia etimológica de nacer (V.).
naturalidad
naturalidad nombre femenino Cualidad de natural, espontáneo o sencillo en la manera de ser o de comportarse :la naturalidad escénica de un actor; hablaba con naturalidad; se contoneaba sobre unos altísimos tacones que llevaba con asombrosa naturalidad .
naturalismo
naturalismo nombre masculino 1 Movimiento literario que surgió a finales del siglo xix en Francia por oposición al romanticismo y que se caracteriza por su carácter metódico determinista y por reflejar con mucho realismo en sus obras la parte más cruda y desagradable de la realidad :el máximo representante del naturalismo fue Émile Zola .2 Tendencia de las artes plásticas que trata de reflejar la realidad sin idealización ni dramatización :el naturalismo con que trata a sus personajes y el estudio minucioso que hace de sus rasgos nos sitúan en una concepción muy distinta a la de la pintura galante .3 filos Doctrina filosófica que tiende a no admitir nada fuera de la naturaleza, y por consiguiente a explicar las cosas únicamente por leyes naturales sin recurrir a la intervención de un principio sobrenatural o trascendente .
naturalista
naturalista adjetivo 1 Del naturalismo (movimiento literario, tendencia artística o doctrina filosófica ) o relacionado con él :una novela naturalista .2 adjetivo /nombre común [persona ] Que es seguidor del naturalismo (movimiento literario, tendencia artística o doctrina filosófica ):un escritor naturalista; los filósofos naturalistas .3 nombre común [persona ] Que se dedica al estudio de las ciencias naturales .
naturalización
naturalización nombre femenino Acción de naturalizar o naturalizarse .
naturalizado, -da
naturalizado, -da nombre masculino y femenino Persona que ha obtenido su naturalización :el Gobierno embargó los bienes de los naturalizados .
naturalizar
naturalizar verbo transitivo 1 Conceder a un extranjero los mismos derechos y privilegios de los que gozan las personas nacidas en el país .SINÓNIMO nacionalizar .2 Introducir en un país costumbres o palabras que son características de otro y adoptarlas como propias o naturales .3 Introducir en un país plantas o especies animales procedentes de otro adaptándolas a las nuevas condiciones de vida .SINÓNIMO aclimatar .4 Proporcionar un aspecto natural o de naturalidad :ante una cámara, la función primordial del maquillaje es la de naturalizar un rostro bajo los focos .5 naturalizarse verbo pronominal Adquirir [una persona ] los mismos derechos y privilegios de los que gozan los ciudadanos nativos en su país :los españoles pueden naturalizarse en los países iberoamericanos que tienen concertados tratados de doble nacionalidad con el Estado español .SINÓNIMO nacionalizarse . Conjugación [4 ] como realizar .
naturalmente
naturalmente adverbio 1 Indica que algo ocurre o es como se esperaba y que, dadas ciertas circunstancias que se consideran, no se concibe otra posibilidad distinta a esta :yo, naturalmente, me alegré mucho por ti; naturalmente, puedes contar conmigo; naturalmente, Juan no se quiso quedar en casa, porque le encantan las fiestas .2 Aplicado al comportamiento de las personas, con naturalidad y de un modo espontáneo :en las reuniones de sociedad, debes hablar naturalmente; delante de él, no consigo comportarme naturalmente; eres naturalmente paciente, y por eso me caes bien .¡naturalmente! interjección Se utiliza, especialmente en respuestas o réplicas, para expresar que algo ocurre o es como se esperaba y que, dadas ciertas circunstancias que se consideran, no se concibe otra posibilidad distinta a esta :―Después de que me tocara la lotería, me compré una moto nueva. ―¡Naturalmente! SINÓNIMO natural .
Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary
natural
nat u ral /nǽtʃ (ə )r (ə )l /→nature (副 )naturally 形容詞 more ～; most ～1 自然な , 論理的に当然の, もっともな ; 〖it is natural (for A ) to do /｟主に英 ｠that A should do 〗(Aが )…するのは […ということは ]当然だ (!｟コーパス ｠(1 )｟主に米 ｠ではthat節中に直説法やwouldが用いられることが多い; →it 代名詞 4a . (2 ) shouldの有無については →should 9 語法 ) ▸ Our marriage is a natural progression of love .私たちの結婚は愛の自然な成り行きによるものだ ▸ die of natural causes ≒die a natural death 自然死する ▸ a perfectly natural reaction きわめて自然な反応 ▸ a natural choice for the next president 次期社長となる当然の人物 ▸ It's only natural for you to be nervous before a large audience. ≒It's only natural that you are [｟主に英 ｠should be, ｟主に米 ｠would be ] nervous …｟話 ｠君が大勢の聴衆を前に緊張するのはきわめて当然だ (!強調にはquite, perfectly, veryなども用いられる ) 2 比較なし 〖名詞 の前で 〗自然の [による ], 天然の, 自然界の ▸ the natural world [beauty, environment ]自然界 [美, 環境 ]▸ natural disasters 天災 ▸ natural substances 天然物質 ▸ the natural processes of forests for clearing the air 大気を浄化する森林の自然作用 3 比較なし 〖名詞 の前で 〗自然のままの , 未加工の (↔artificial )▸ animals living in their natural habitat [state ]自然のままの生息地に [自然本来の姿で ]暮らす動物 ▸ natural color [fiber ]天然色 [繊維 ]4 比較なし 〈気質 習性などが 〉 «…に » 生まれつきの , 生来の, 先天的な «to » ; 〖通例 名詞 の前で 〗天賦の 〈能力 〉, 天賦の才のある ▸ have a natural talent [ability ] for music ≒be a natural musician 音楽に対する天賦の才能がある ▸ a lion's natural instinct to hunt ライオンの生まれもった狩猟本能 5 〈態度 人などが 〉いつもどおりの, 気取らない, 飾らない ▸ a natural look 自然な表情 6 比較なし 〖名詞 の前で 〗(養父母 養子に対して )実の, 生みの ▸ one's natural parents 実の親 7 現実 (世界 )に照らした [則した ], 実在する (↔supernatural ).8 比較なし 〖名詞 の後で 〗〘楽 〙〈音調が 〉 (シャープ フラットなどのつかない )本位の ; 変位記号から元に戻った .9 〈人 物が 〉生き写しの, 実物そっくりな .10 ｟古 ｠〖名詞 の前で 〗私生の, 庶出の (illegitimate )▸ a natural child 私生児 c ò me n á tural to A ＝come naturally to A .名詞 C 1 ｟話 ｠〖通例a ～〗【仕事などに 】天賦の才能のある人 ; ぴったりの人 [物 ] «for , at » ▸ You are a natural for this job .君はこの仕事に適任だ 2 〘楽 〙a. 本位音 .b. 本位記号, ナチュラル 〘♮〙.c. (ピアノ オルガンなどの )白鍵 （はつけん ）.3 (トランプ さいころ賭博 （とばく ）で )すぐに勝ちとなる手 [目 ].4 ｟古 ｠(先天的 )知的障害者 .～̀ ch í ldbirth 自然分娩 （ぶんべん ）.～̀ c ú re 自然療法 .～̀ é nemy 〘生物 〙天敵 .～̀ f ó od 自然食品 .～̀ f ó rces 自然力 .～̀ g á s 天然ガス .～̀ hist ó rian 博物学者 .～̀ h í story 博物学 〘植物学 動物学 鉱物学などの総称 〙.～̀ l á nguage (人工言語に対する )自然言語 (↔artificial language ).～̀ l á w 1 〘哲 〙自然法 〘人間の行いの根幹をなす不変的な道徳原理 〙.2 自然法則 .～̀ l í fe 寿命, 天寿 .～̀ p é rson 〘法 〙自然人 .～̀ phen ó mena 自然現象 .～̀ phil ó sopher ｟古 ｠自然科学者 .～̀ phil ó sophy ｟古 ｠自然科学 〘特に物理学 〙.～̀ rel í gion (神の啓示ではなく理性に基づく )自然宗教 .～̀ res ó urces 〖複数扱い 〗天然資源 .～̀ sc á le 自然音階 .～̀ sc í ence 自然科学 .～̀ sel é ction 〘生物 〙自然淘汰 （とうた ）.～̀ ur á nium 天然ウラン .～̀ w á stage ｟主に英 ｠(退職や未補充による )雇用者数の自然減 (｟主に米 ｠attrition ).～̀ y é ar ＝solar year .～ness 名詞 U 自然らしさ, 飾り気のないこと .
natural-born
n à tural-b ó rn 形容詞 〖名詞 の前で 〗生まれながらの (才能を持った ).
naturalism
n á t u ral ì sm 名詞 U 1 〘文芸 哲 〙自然主義 .2 自然主義 [本能 ]的行動 .
naturalist
n á t u ral ist 名詞 C 1 (特に野外研究を主とする )植物 [動物 ]学者 ; 博物学者 .2 〘文芸 哲 〙自然主義者 .形容詞 ＝naturalistic .
naturalistic
nat u ral is tic /næ̀tʃ (ə )rəlɪ́stɪk /形容詞 1 (特に文芸などで )自然主義の, 写実的な .2 (如実に )自然を模した .3 博物学の [的な ].n à t u ral í s ti cal ly 副詞
naturalization
n à t u ral i z á tion 名詞 U 1 (外国人の )帰化 ; (動植物の )移植, 帰化 ; (環境などへの )順化, 順応 .2 (外国の言葉 習慣などの )移入 .
naturalize
nat u ral ize /nǽtʃ (ə )rəlàɪz /動詞 他動詞 1 〖通例be ～d 〗〈外国人が 〉 «…に /…として » 帰化する, 市民権を得る «in /as » ▸ be naturalized in Japan [as a Japanese ]日本に帰化する 2 〖通例be ～d 〗 «…に » 〈外国の言葉 習慣などが 〉移入する, 同化する ; 〈動植物が 〉帰化する, 移植される «in » .3 …を自然に一致させる ; 〘哲 〙〈現象など 〉を自然の摂理に基づき説明する, 自然なものとみなす .自動詞 〈人 植物が 〉帰化 [順化, 順応 ]する .
naturalized
n á t u ral ì zed 形容詞 比較なし 〖名詞 の前で 〗帰化した, 市民権を得た .
naturally
nat u ral ly /nǽtʃ (ə )r (ə )li /→nature (形 )natural 副詞 比較なし /4 はmore ～; most ～1 a. 〖文修飾; 主に文頭で 〗予想されるように , 当然 (ながら ) (!自分の主張を強調する場合と, 自分の主張と対立する意見を譲歩として述べる場合がある; →actually 読解のポイント ) ; 〖動詞 の後で 〗当然 (!論理的な結果として 「当然 」の意 ) ▸ Naturally (enough ), the earthquake caused a lot of damage .予想される通り, その地震は大きな損害をもたらした b. ｟話 ｠もちろん (!yesと答える代わりに ) ▸ “Did you go? ” “Naturally . ”「行ったかい 」「もちろん 」2 天然に, 自然に, ひとりでに ▸ That chemical occurs naturally in fruit .その化学物質は果物の中で自然発生する ▸ die naturally 自然死する 3 〖形容詞 の前で 〗生まれつき, 生来 ▸ naturally curly hair 生まれつきのちぢれ毛, 天然パーマ 4 自然に, リラックスして, いつも通りに ▸ behave as naturally as possible できる限り自然にふるまう c ò me n á turally to A 〈事が 〉A 〈人 〉にとってたやすい ▸ A scientific way of thinking came naturally to him .彼にとって科学的な考え方はごく自然なものだった
The Wordsmith Dictionary