English-Thai Dictionary
carbon
N คาร์บอน ธาตุ ทาง เคมีช นิดหนึ่ง มี สัญลักษณ์ C ka-bon
carbon copy
N สำเนา เอกสาร ที่ คัดลอก โดย การ ใช้ กระดาษ คาร์บอน CC(คำย่อ ของ carbon copy sam-nao-eak-ka-san-ti-khad-lok-doi-kan-chai-kra-dad-ka-bon
carbon dating
N การคำนวณ อายุ ของ วัตถุ เก่าแก่ โดย ดู จาก ปริมาณ คาร์บอน carbon-14 dating carbon-14 method radioactive dating kan-kam-nuan-ar-yu-kong-wad-tu-kao-kae-doi-du-jak-pa-ri-man-ka-bon
carbon dioxide
N ก๊าซคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ ก๊าซ ที่ เกิดขึ้น เมื่อ สัตว์ หรือ คน หายใจออก carbonic acid gas kad-ka-bon-dai-ook-sa
carbon monoxide
N คาร์บอน มอ นอก ซ์ ไซ ด์ ก๊าซช นิดหนึ่ง ไม่มี สี ไม่มี กลิ่น มีพิษ ต่อ ร่างกาย มี สัญลักษณ์ CO ka-bon-mon-nok-sai
carbon paper
N กระดาษ คาร์บอน ที่ ใช้ ใน การ คัดลอก เอกสาร carbon kra-dad-ka-bon-ti-chai-nai-kan-khad-lok-eak-ka-san
carbon14
N ธาตุ คาร์บอน กัมมันตภาพรังสี
carbonaceous
ADJ ที่ ประกอบด้วย คาร์บอน ti-pra-kob-duai-ka-bon
carbonado
N ชิ้น เนื้อที่ ใส่ เครื่องปรุง เพื่ อย่าง
carbonatation
N การ อิ่มตัว ของ คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์
carbonate
N ที่ เติม คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ เข้าไป ti-toem-kha-bon-dai-ok-sai-khao-pai
carbonate
N เกลือ ของ กรด คาร์บอน kluea-kong-krod-ka-bon
carbonated
ADJ ที่ มี ก๊าซคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ ti-me-kad-ka-bon-dai-ook-sai
carbonic
A เกี่ยวกับ คาร์บอน
carboniferous
A เกี่ยวกับ ยุค โบรา ณ
carbonise
VI เปลี่ยนเป็น คาร์บอน carbonize pian-pen-ka-bon
carbonise
VT ทำให้ เปลี่ยนเป็น คาร์บอน carbonize tham-hai-pian-pen-ka-bon
carbonization
N การ สร้าง คาร์บอน ออกจาก อินทรีย์ สาร การ กลั่น ของ ถ่านหิน
carbonize
VI เปลี่ยนเป็น คาร์บอน carbonise pian-pen-ka-bon
carbonize
VT ทำให้ เปลี่ยนเป็น คาร์บอน carbonise tham-hai-pian-pen-ka-bon
carbonyl
N สารประกอบ ของ คาร์บอน มอน ออกไซด์ กับ โลหะ
Webster's 1828 Dictionary
CARBON
n.Pure charcoal; a simple body, black, brittle, light and inodorous. It is usually the remains of some vegetable body, from which all its volatile matter has been expelled by heat. When crystalized, it forms the diamond; and by means of a galvanic apparatus, it is found to be capable of fusion.
CARBONACEOUS
a.Pertaining to charcoal. [See Carbonic. ]
CARBONADE, CARBONADO
n.In cookery, flesh, fowl or the like, cut across, seasoned and broiled on coals.
CARBONADE, CARBONADO
v.t.To cut or hack.
CARBONATE
v.t.In chimistry, a compound formed by the union of carbonic acid with a base; as the carbonate of lime; a carbonate of copper.
CARBONATED
a.Combined with carbon.
CARBONIC
a.Pertaining to carbon, or obtained from it. The carbonic acid is a saturated combination of carbon and oxygen. It has been called fixed air, aerial acid, mephitic gas, and cretaceous acid, or acid of chalk. It is found, in some places, in a state of gas; it exists in the atmosphere, and is disengaged from fermenting liquors, and from decomposing vegetable and animal substances. It is heavier than common air, and subsides into low places, vaults and wells.
CARBONIFEROUS
a.Producing carbon, or coal.
CARBONIZATION
n.The act or process of carbonizing.
CARBONIZE
v.t.To convert into carbon by combustion or the action of fire; to expel from wood or other substance all volatile matter.
CARBONIZED
pp. Converted into carbon or charcoal.
CARBONOHYDROUS
a.Composed of carbon and hydrogen.
CARBONOUS
a.Carbonous acid is carbon not fully saturated with oxygen.
CARBONCLE
n. 1. An anthrax; an inflammatory tumor, or painful gangrenous boil or ulcer.
2. A beautiful gem, of a deep red color, with a mixture of scarlet, called by the Greeks anthrax, found in the East Indies. It is foundpure, and adhering to a heavy ferruginous stone, of the emery kind. It is usually a quarter of an inch in length, and two-thirds of that in diameter, of an angular figure. When held up to the sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes exactly of the color of a burning coal.
The carbuncle of the ancients is supposed to have been a garnet.
3. In heraldry, a charge or bearing consisting of eight radii, four of which make a common cross, and the other four, a saltier.
Webster's 1913 Dictionary
CARBON
Car "bon, n. Etym: [F. carbone, fr. L. carbo coal; cf, Skr. (Chem. )
Defn: An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite. Carbon compounds, Compounds of carbon (Chem. ), those compounds consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and plants, and hence called organic compounds, though their synthesis may be effected in many cases in the laboratory. The formation of the compounds of carbon is not dependent upon the life process. I. Remsen -Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide. (Chem. ) See under Carbonic. -- Carbon light (Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact. -- Carbon point (Elec.), a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away by the electric current, it shall contantly maintain its proper relation to the opposing point. -- Carbon tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in the autotype process of photography. Abney. -- Gas carbon, a compact variety of carbon obtained as an incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc.
CARBONACEOUS
CARBONACEOUS Car "bo *na `ceous, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.
CARBONADE; CARBONADO
Car "bo *nade, Car `bo *na "do, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonnade, It. carbonata, Sp. carbonada, from L. carbo coal. ] (Cookery )
Defn: Flesh, fowl, etc. , cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop. [Obs. ]
CARBONADO; CARBONADE
Car `bo *na "do, Car "bo *nade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonadoed; p. pr. &vb. n. Carbonadoing.]
1. To cut (meat ) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and broil. [Obs. ] A short-legged hen daintily carbonadoed. Bean. & Fl.
2. To cut or hack, as in fighting. [Obs. ] I'll so carbonado your shanks. Shak.
CARBONADO
Car `bo *na "do, n.; pl. Carbonadoes. Etym: [Pg. , carbonated. ] (Min. )
Defn: A black variety of diamond, found in Brazil, and used for diamond drills. It occurs in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely distinctly crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to porous.
CARBONARISM
CARBONARISM Car `bo *na "rism, n.
Defn: The principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari.
CARBONARO
Car `bo *na "ro, n.; pl. Carbonari. Etym: [It. , a coal man. ]
Defn: A member of a secret political association in Italy, organized in the early part of the nineteenth centry for the purpose of changing the government into a republic.
Note: The origin of the Carbonari is uncertain, but the society is said to have first met, in 18 8, among the charcoal burners of the mountains, whose phraseology they adopted.
CARBONATATION
Car `bon *a *ta "tion, n. Etym: [From Carbonate. ] (Sugar Making )
Defn: The saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas. Knight.
CARBONATE
Car "bon *ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonate. ] (Chem. )
Defn: A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc.
CARBONATED
CARBONATED Car "bon *a `ted, a.
Defn: Combined or impregnated with carbonic acid.
CARBONE
Car "bone, v. t. Etym: [See Carbonado. ]
Defn: To broil. [Obs. ] "We had a calf's head carboned ". Pepys.
CARBONIC
Car *bon "ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonique. See Carbon. ] (Chem. )
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic oxide. Carbonic acid (Chem. ), an acid H2CO3, not existing separately, which, combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. On common language the term is very generally applied to a compound of carbon and oxygen, CO2, more correctly called carbon dioxide. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in mines, and is hance called after damp; it is also know as choke damp, and mephilic air. Water will absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure, and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and the oxygen given out. -- Carbonic oxide (Chem. ), a colorless gas, CO, of a light odor, called more correctly carbon monoxide. It is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide.
CARBONIDE
CARBONIDE Car "bon *ide, n.
Defn: A carbide. [R.]
CARBONIFEROUS
Car `bon *if "er *ous, a. Etym: [Carbon + -ferous. ]
Defn: Producing or containing carbon or coal. Carboniferous age (Geol.), the age immediately following the Devonian, or Age of fishes, and characterized by the vegatation which formed the coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the Subcarboniferous, the Carboniferous, and Permian. See Age of acrogens, under Acrogen. -- Carboniferous formation (Geol.), the series of rocks (including sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of coal ) which make up the strata of the Carboniferous age or period. See the Diagram under Geology.
CARBONITE
CARBONITE Car "bon *ite, n. [Carbon + -ite.]
1.
Defn: An explosive consisting essentially of nitroglycerin, wood meal, and some nitrate, as that of sodium.
2. An explosive composed of nitrobenzene, saltpeter, sulphur, and kieselguhr.
CARBONIZATION
Car `bon *i *za "tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonisation.]
Defn: The act or process of carbonizing.
CARBONIZE
Car "bon *ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonized; p. pr. & vb. n.Carbonizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. carboniser. ]
1. To cover (an animal or vegatable substance ) into a residue of carbon by the action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char.
2. To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in making steel by cementation.
CARBONOMETER
Car `bon *om "e *ter, n. Etym: [Carbon + -meter. ]
Defn: An instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of carbon which is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its action on limewater or by other means.
CARBON PROCESS
CARBON PROCESS Car "bon process. (Photog. )
Defn: A printing process depending on the effect of light on bichromatized gelatin. Paper coated with a mixture of the gelatin and a pigment is called carbon paper or carbon tissue. This is exposed under a negative and the film is transferred from the paper to some other support and developed by washing (the unexposed portions being dissolved away ). If the process stops here it is called single transfer; if the image is afterward transferred in order to give an unreversed print, the method is called double transfer.
CARBON STEEL
CARBON STEEL Carbon steel.
Defn: Steel deriving its qualities from carbon chiefly, without the presence of other alloying elements; --opposed to alloy steel.
CARBON TRANSMITTER
CARBON TRANSMITTER Carbon transmitter.
Defn: A telephone transmitter in which a carbon contact is used.
CARBONYL
Car "bon *yl, n. Etym: [Carbon + -yl.] (Chem. )
Defn: The radical (CO )'\'b7, occuring, always combined, in many compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl chloride, etc.
Note: Though denoted by a formula identical with that of carbon monoxide, it is chemically distinct, as carbon seems to be divalent in carbon monoxide, but tetravalent in carbonyl compounds. Carbonyl chloride (Chem. ), a colorless gas, COCl2, of offensive odor, and easily condensable to liquid. It is formed from chlorine and carbon monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been called phosgene gas; -- called also carbon oxychloride.
New American Oxford Dictionary
carbon
car bon |ˈkärbən ˈkɑrbən | ▶noun 1 the chemical element of atomic number 6, a nonmetal that has two main forms (diamond and graphite ) and that also occurs in impure form in charcoal, soot, and coal. (Symbol: C ) • [ usu. as modifier ] carbon fiber: a bike with a carbon frame. • a rod of carbon in an arc lamp. • a piece of carbon paper or a carbon copy. 2 carbon dioxide or other gaseous carbon compounds released into the atmosphere, associated with climate change: the level of carbon in the atmosphere has been consistently rising | [ as modifier ] : fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions continued to rise. Compounds of carbon (organic compounds ) form the physical basis of all living organisms. Carbon atoms are able to link with each other and with other atoms to form chains and rings, and an infinite variety of carbon compounds exist. DERIVATIVES car bon less adjective ORIGIN late 18th cent.: from French carbone, from Latin carbo, carbon- ‘coal, charcoal. ’ word trends: No longer just a simple noun for a chemical element, carbon is now most commonly used as shorthand for carbon dioxide or other carbon compounds released into the atmosphere and associated with climate change. It was first recorded in this sense in 1977, in the phrase carbon emissions, which is still the second most common compound noun containing carbon in the Oxford English Corpus, after carbon dioxide itself. Other common compounds reflect concerns over the impact of humans on the environment, with carbon tax, carbon footprint, carbon credit, and carbon trading all frequently seen. Concern is also shifting from limiting the release of carbon to managing its levels in the atmosphere, as seen from the verbs regularly paired with the word — store is now twice as common as release, with sequester, absorb, and capture all close behind.
carbon-12
car bon-12 ▶noun the most common natural carbon isotope, of mass 12. It is the basis for the accepted scale of atomic mass units.
carbon-14
car bon-14 ▶noun a long-lived naturally occurring radioactive carbon isotope of mass 14, used in carbon dating and as a tracer in biochemistry.
carbonaceous
car bo na ceous |ˌkärbəˈnāSHəs ˌkɑrbəˈneɪʃəs | ▶adjective (chiefly of rocks or sediments ) consisting of or containing carbon or its compounds.
carbonado
car bo na do |ˌkärbəˈnādō, -ˈnädō ˌkɑrbəˈneɪdoʊ | ▶noun ( pl. carbonados ) a dark opaque diamond, used in abrasives and cutting tools. Compare with bort. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from Portuguese.
carbonara
car bo na ra |ˌkärbəˈnärə, -ˈnarə kɑːrbəˈnɑːrə | ▶adjective denoting a pasta sauce made with bacon or ham, egg, and cream: [ postpositive ] : spaghetti carbonara. ORIGIN Italian, literally ‘charcoal kiln, ’ perhaps influenced by carbonata, a dish of charcoal-grilled salt pork.
carbonate
car bo nate ▶ |ˈkärbənət, -ˌnāt ˈkɑrbənət |noun Chemistry a salt of the anion CO 3 2 −, typically formed by reaction of carbon dioxide with bases. ▶verb |ˈkärbəˌnāt ˈkɑrbəˌneɪt | [ with obj. ] dissolve carbon dioxide in (a liquid ). • Chemistry convert into a carbonate, typically by reaction with carbon dioxide. DERIVATIVES car bo na tion |ˌkärbəˈnāSHən |noun
carbonated
car bo nat ed |ˈkärbənātid ˈkɑrbəneɪtɪd | ▶adjective (of a soft drink ) effervescent on account of containing dissolved carbon dioxide.
carbonatite
carbonatite |kɑːˈbɒnətʌɪt | ▶noun Geology a lava or other igneous rock composed chiefly of carbonates rather than silicates.
carbon black
car bon black ▶noun a fine carbon powder used as a pigment, made by burning hydrocarbons in insufficient air.
carbon capture and storage
car bon cap ture and stor age ▶noun the process of trapping carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels or any other chemical or biological process and storing it in such a way that it is unable to affect the atmosphere.
carbon copy
car bon cop y |ˈkɑrbən ˌkɑpi | ▶noun a copy of written or typed material made with carbon paper. • a person or thing identical or very similar to another: Karl was a carbon copy of his father.
carbon credit
car bon cred it ▶noun a permit that allows a country or organization to produce a certain amount of carbon emissions and that can be traded if the full allowance is not used.
carbon cycle
car bon cy cle |ˈkɑrbən ˌsaɪkəl | ▶noun 1 Biochemistry the series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, chiefly involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels. 2 Astronomy the cycle of thermonuclear reactions believed to occur in stars, in which carbon nuclei are repeatedly formed and broken down in the conversion of hydrogen into helium.
Carbondale
Car bon dale |ˈkärbənˌdāl ˈkɑrbəndeɪl | a city in south central Illinois, a coal center and home to Southern Illinois University; pop. 26,231 (est. 2008 ).
carbon dating
car bon dat ing |ˈkɑrbən ˌdeɪdɪŋ | ▶noun the determination of the age of an organic object from the relative proportions of the carbon isotopes carbon-12 and carbon-14 that it contains. The ratio between them changes as radioactive carbon-14 decays and is not replaced by exchange with the atmosphere.
carbon dioxide
car bon di ox ide |ˈˌkɑrbən daɪˈɑksaɪd | ▶noun a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 percent ) and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis. [Chem. formula: CO 2. ]
carbon disulfide
car bon di sul fide ▶noun a colorless toxic flammable liquid used as a solvent, esp. for rubber and sulfur, and in the manufacture of viscose rayon, cellophane, and carbon tetrachloride. [Chem. formula: CS 2. ]
carbon fiber
car bon fi ber ▶noun a material consisting of thin, strong crystalline filaments of carbon, used as a strengthening material, esp. in resins and ceramics: [ as modifier ] : a carbon-fiber chassis.
carbon fixation
car ¦bon fix |ation ▶noun [ mass noun ] Biology the incorporation of carbon into organic compounds by living organisms, chiefly by photosynthesis in green plants.
carbon footprint
car bon foot print |ˌkɑːrbənˈfʊtprɪnt | ▶noun the amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, etc. word trends: See footprint .
carbonic
car bon ic |kärˈbänik kɑrˈbɑnɪk | ▶adjective of or relating to carbon or its compounds, esp. carbon dioxide.
carbonic acid
car bon ic ac id |kɑrˈbɑnɪk ˈæsəd | ▶noun Chemistry a very weak acid formed in solution when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. [Chem. formula: H 2 CO 3. ]
carbonic acid gas
car bon ic ac id gas ▶noun archaic term for carbon dioxide.
carbonic anhydrase
car bon ic an hy drase |anˈhīˌdrās, -ˌdrāz kɑrˌbɑnɪk ænˈhaɪdreɪs | ▶noun Biochemistry an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of dissolved bicarbonates and carbon dioxide.
Carboniferous
Car bon if er ous |ˌkärbəˈnifərəs ˌkɑrbəˈnɪfərəs | ▶adjective Geology of, relating to, or denoting the fifth period of the Paleozoic era, between the Devonian and Permian periods. • ( the Carboniferous ) [ as noun ] the Carboniferous period or the system of rocks deposited during it. The Carboniferous lasted from about 360 million to 286 million years ago. This period is subdivided into two periods, the Older Carboniferous, or Mississippian Period (about 360 -320 million years ago ), and the Younger Carboniferous, or Pennsylvanian Period (about 320 -286 million years ago ). During this time the first reptiles and seed-bearing plants appeared, and there were extensive coral reefs and coal-forming swamp forests.
carbonium ion
car bo ni um i on |kärˈbōnēəm kɑrˌboʊniəm ˈaɪən | ▶noun Chemistry an organic cation in which the positive charge is located on a carbon atom. ORIGIN early 20th cent.: carbonium from carbo- ‘carbon, ’ on the pattern of ammonium .
carbonize
car bon ize |ˈkärbəˌnīz ˈkɑrbəˌnaɪz | ▶verb [ with obj. ] convert into carbon, typically by heating or burning, or during fossilization: the steak was carbonized on the outside. • (usu. as adj. carbonized ) coat with carbon. DERIVATIVES car bon i za tion |ˌkärbənəˈzāSHən |noun
carbon monoxide
car bon mon ox ide |ˈˌkɑrbən məˈnɑksaɪd | ▶noun a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of carbon. [Chem. formula: CO. ]
carbonnade
car bon nade |ˌkärbəˈnäd ˈkɑrbənɑd | ▶noun a rich beef stew made with onions and beer. ORIGIN mid 17th cent. (denoting a piece of meat or fish cooked on hot coals ): from French, from Latin carbo, carbon- ‘coal, charcoal. ’
carbon-neutral
car bon-neu tral |ˌkɑːrbəˈnuːtrəl | ▶adjective making no net release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, esp. through offsetting emissions by planting trees.
carbon offsetting
car bon off set ting |ˌkɑːrbənˈɔːfsetɪŋ | ▶noun the counteracting of carbon dioxide emissions with an equivalent reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
carbon paper
car bon pa per |ˈkɑrbən ˌpeɪpər | ▶noun thin paper coated with carbon or another pigmented substance, used for making copies of written or typed documents.
carbon process
car bon proc ess ▶noun a method of making photographic prints that uses a pigment, esp. carbon, contained in a sensitized tissue of gelatin.
carbon sequestration
car bon se ques tra tion ▶noun a natural or artificial process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and held in solid or liquid form.
carbon sink
car bon sink ▶noun Ecology a forest, ocean, or other natural environment viewed in terms of its ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
carbon steel
car bon steel ▶noun steel in which the main alloying element is carbon, and whose properties are chiefly dependent on the percentage of carbon present.
carbon tax
car bon tax ▶noun a tax on fossil fuels, esp. those used by motor vehicles, intended to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.
carbon tetrachloride
car bon tet ra chlo ride |ˌtetrəˈklôrˌīd ˌkɑrbən ˌtɛtrəˈklɔraɪd | ▶noun Chemistry a colorless toxic volatile liquid used as a solvent, esp. for fats and oils. [Chem. formula: CCl 4. ]
carbon trading
car bon trad ing ▶noun another term for emissions trading.
carbonyl
car bon yl |ˈkärbəˌnil ˈkɑrbənɪl | ▶noun [ as modifier ] Chemistry of or denoting the divalent radical =C =O, present in such organic compounds as aldehydes, ketones, amides, and esters, and in organic acids as part of the carboxyl group: carbonyl compounds. • a coordination compound in which one or more carbon monoxide molecules are bonded as neutral ligands to a central metal atom: nickel carbonyl.
carbonyl chloride
car bon yl chlo ride ▶noun another term for phosgene.
Oxford Dictionary
carbon
car ¦bon |ˈkɑːb (ə )n | ▶noun 1 [ mass noun ] the chemical element of atomic number 6, a non-metal which has two main forms (diamond and graphite ) and which also occurs in impure form in charcoal, soot, and coal. (Symbol: C ) • [ usu. as modifier ] carbon fibre: a bike with a carbon frame. • [ count noun ] a rod of carbon in an arc lamp. • [ count noun ] a piece of carbon paper or a carbon copy. 2 carbon dioxide or other gaseous carbon compounds released into the atmosphere, associated with climate change: the level of carbon in the atmosphere has been consistently rising | [ as modifier ] : fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions continued to rise. Compounds of carbon (organic compounds ) form the physical basis of all living organisms. Carbon atoms are able to link with each other and with other atoms to form chains and rings, and an infinite variety of carbon compounds exist. DERIVATIVES carbonless adjective ORIGIN late 18th cent.: from French carbone, from Latin carbo, carbon- ‘coal, charcoal ’. word trends: No longer just a simple noun for a chemical element, carbon is now most commonly used as shorthand for carbon dioxide or other carbon compounds released into the atmosphere and associated with climate change. It was first used in this sense in 1977, in the phrase carbon emissions, which is still the second most common compound noun containing carbon in the Oxford English Corpus, after carbon dioxide itself. Other common compounds reflect concerns over the impact of humans on the environment, with carbon tax, carbon footprint, carbon credit, and carbon trading all frequently seen. Concern is also shifting from limiting the release of carbon to managing its levels in the atmosphere, as seen from the verbs regularly paired with the word — store is now twice as common as release, with sequester, absorb, and capture all close behind.
carbon-12
carbon-12 ▶noun [ mass noun ] the commonest natural carbon isotope, of mass 12. It is the basis for the accepted scale of atomic mass units.
carbon-14
carbon-14 ▶noun [ mass noun ] a long-lived naturally occurring radioactive carbon isotope of mass 14, used in carbon dating and as a tracer in biochemistry.
carbonaceous
car ¦bon |aceous |ˌkɑːbəˈneɪʃəs | ▶adjective (chiefly of rocks or sediments ) consisting of or containing carbon or its compounds.
carbonado
carbonado |ˌkɑːbəˈneɪdəʊ | ▶noun ( pl. carbonados ) a dark opaque diamond, used in abrasives and cutting tools. Also called black diamond. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from Portuguese.
carbonara
carbonara |ˌkɑːbəˈnɑːrə | ▶adjective denoting a pasta sauce made with bacon or ham, egg, and cream: [ postpositive ] : spaghetti carbonara. ORIGIN Italian, literally ‘charcoal kiln ’, perhaps influenced by carbonata, a dish of charcoal-grilled salt pork.
carbonate
carbonate |ˈkɑːbəneɪt | ▶noun a salt of the anion CO 3 2 −, typically formed by reaction of carbon dioxide with bases. ▶verb [ with obj. ] dissolve carbon dioxide in (a liquid ). • Chemistry convert into a carbonate, typically by reaction with carbon dioxide. DERIVATIVES carbonation noun
carbonated
carbonated |ˈkɑːbəneɪtɪd | ▶adjective (of a soft drink ) effervescent on account of containing dissolved carbon dioxide.
carbonatite
carbonatite |kɑːˈbɒnətʌɪt | ▶noun Geology a lava or other igneous rock composed chiefly of carbonates rather than silicates.
carbon black
car ¦bon black ▶noun [ mass noun ] a fine carbon powder used as a pigment, made by burning hydrocarbons in insufficient air.
carbon capture and storage
carbon capture and storage ▶noun [ mass noun ] the process of trapping carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels or other chemical or biological process and storing it in such a way that it is unable to affect the atmosphere.
carbon copy
car ¦bon copy ▶noun a copy of written or typed material made with carbon paper. • a person or thing identical or very similar to another: the children were carbon copies of their father.
carbon credit
car ¦bon credit ▶noun a permit which allows a country or organization to produce a certain amount of carbon emissions and which can be traded if the full allowance is not used.
carbon cycle
car ¦bon cycle ▶noun 1 the series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels. 2 Astronomy the cycle of thermonuclear reactions believed to occur in stars, in which carbon nuclei are repeatedly formed and broken down in the conversion of hydrogen into helium.
Carbondale
Car bon dale |ˈkärbənˌdāl ˈkɑrbəndeɪl | a city in south central Illinois, a coal center and home to Southern Illinois University; pop. 26,231 (est. 2008 ).
carbon dating
car ¦bon dat ¦ing ▶noun [ mass noun ] the determination of the age of an organic object from the relative proportions of the carbon isotopes carbon-12 and carbon-14 that it contains. The ratio between them changes as radioactive carbon-14 decays and is not replaced by exchange with the atmosphere.
carbon dioxide
car ¦bon di |ox ¦ide ▶noun [ mass noun ] a colourless, odourless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 per cent ) and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis. ●Chem. formula: CO 2.
carbon disulphide
car ¦bon di |sul ¦phide ▶noun [ mass noun ] a colourless toxic flammable liquid used as a solvent, especially for rubber and sulphur. ●Chem. formula: CS 2.
carbon fibre
car ¦bon fibre ▶noun [ mass noun ] a material consisting of thin, strong crystalline filaments of carbon, used as a strengthening material, especially in resins and ceramics: [ as modifier ] : a carbon-fibre brake disc.
carbon fixation
car ¦bon fix |ation ▶noun [ mass noun ] Biology the incorporation of carbon into organic compounds by living organisms, chiefly by photosynthesis in green plants.
carbon footprint
car ¦bon foot |print |ˌkɑːbənˈfʊtprɪnt | ▶noun the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual, organization, or community.
carbonic
carbonic |kɑːˈbɒnɪk | ▶adjective relating to carbon or its compounds, especially carbon dioxide.
carbonic acid
car |bon ¦ic acid |kɑːbɒnɪkˈasɪd | ▶noun [ mass noun ] a very weak acid formed in solution when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. ●Chem. formula: H 2 CO 3.
carbonic acid gas
car |bon ¦ic acid gas ▶noun archaic term for carbon dioxide.
carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase |anˈhʌɪdreɪz | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Biochemistry an enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of dissolved bicarbonates and carbon dioxide.
Carboniferous
Carboniferous |ˌkɑːbəˈnɪf (ə )rəs | ▶adjective Geology relating to or denoting the fifth period of the Palaeozoic era, between the Devonian and Permian periods. • [ as noun ] ( the Carboniferous ) the Carboniferous period or the system of rocks deposited during it. The Carboniferous lasted from about 363 to 290 million years ago. During this time the first reptiles and seed-bearing plants appeared, and there were extensive coral reefs and coal-forming swamp forests.
carbonium ion
carbonium ion |kɑːˈbəʊnɪəm | ▶noun Chemistry an organic cation in which the positive charge is located on a carbon atom. ORIGIN early 20th cent.: carbonium from carbo- ‘carbon ’, on the pattern of ammonium .
carbonize
carbonize |ˈkɑːbənʌɪz |(also carbonise ) ▶verb convert or be converted into carbon, typically by heating or burning or during fossilization: [ with obj. ] : the steak was carbonized on the outside. • (usu. as adj. carbonized ) coat with carbon. DERIVATIVES carbonization |-ˈzeɪʃ (ə )n |noun
carbon monoxide
car ¦bon mon |ox ¦ide ▶noun [ mass noun ] a colourless, odourless toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of carbon. ●Chem. formula: CO.
carbonnade
carbonnade |ˌkɑːbəˈnɑːd, -ˈneɪd | ▶noun a rich beef stew made with onions and beer. ORIGIN mid 17th cent. (denoting a piece of meat or fish cooked on hot coals ): from French, from Latin carbo, -onis ‘coal, charcoal ’.
carbon-neutral
carbon-neutral ▶adjective making or resulting in no net release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, especially as a result of carbon offsetting.
carbon offsetting
car ¦bon off |set ¦ting |ˌkɑːbənˈɒfsɛtɪŋ | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the counteracting of carbon dioxide emissions with an equivalent reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
carbon paper
car ¦bon paper ▶noun [ mass noun ] thin paper coated with carbon or another pigmented substance, used for making a second impression of a document as it is being written or typed.
carbon process
car bon proc ess ▶noun a method of making photographic prints that uses a pigment, esp. carbon, contained in a sensitized tissue of gelatin.
carbon sequestration
carbon sequestration ▶noun [ mass noun ] a natural or artificial process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and held in solid or liquid form.
carbon sink
car ¦bon sink ▶noun Ecology a forest, ocean, or other natural environment viewed in terms of its ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
carbon steel
car ¦bon steel ▶noun [ mass noun ] steel in which the main alloying element is carbon.
carbon tax
car ¦bon tax ▶noun a tax on fossil fuels, especially those used by motor vehicles, intended to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.
carbon tetrachloride
car ¦bon tetra |chlor ¦ide ▶noun [ mass noun ] a colourless toxic volatile liquid used as a solvent, especially for fats and oils. ●Chem. formula: CCl 4.
carbon trading
car ¦bon trad ¦ing ▶noun another term for emissions trading.
carbonyl
carbonyl |ˈkɑːbənʌɪl, -nɪl | ▶noun [ as modifier ] Chemistry of or denoting the divalent radical =C =O, present in such organic compounds as aldehydes, ketones, amides, and esters, and in organic acids as part of the carboxyl group: carbonyl compounds. • [ count noun ] a coordination compound in which one or more carbon monoxide molecules are bonded as neutral ligands to a central metal atom: nickel carbonyl.
carbonyl chloride
car |bonyl chlor |ide ▶noun another term for phosgene.
Duden Dictionary
Carbon
Car bon Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Carb o n |das Carbon; Genitiv: des Carbons gekürzt aus Carboneum 1 Carboneum, Kohlenstoff 2 mit Fasern aus Kohlenstoff verstärkter, leichter Kunststoff
Carbonado
Car bo na do , der Karbonado |Carbon a do |
Carbonsäure
Car bon säu re Substantiv, feminin fachsprachlich Chemie , die Karbonsäure |Carb o nsäure |Säure, die eine bestimmte organische Gruppe mit einem leicht abzuspaltenden Wasserstoffatom enthält
Carbonyl
Car bo nyl Substantiv, Neutrum Chemie , das |Carbon y l |das Carbonyl; Genitiv: des Carbonyls, Plural: die Carbonyle lateinisch ; griechisch jede flüssige oder feste anorganische Verbindung, die Kohlenoxid und ein Metall in chemischer Bindung enthält
Carbonylgruppe
Car bo nyl grup pe Substantiv, feminin , die |Carbon y lgruppe |die Carbonylgruppe; Genitiv: der Carbonylgruppe, Plural: die Carbonylgruppen zweiwertige CO-Gruppe, besonders reaktionsfähige Atomgruppe z. B. der Ketone
French Dictionary
carbonate
carbonate n. m. nom masculin Sel de l ’acide carbonique.
carbone
carbone n. m. nom masculin Symbole C (s ’écrit sans point ). Corps simple non métallique. : Le diamant est du carbone à l ’état pur. LOCUTION Papier carbone. Papier permettant d ’obtenir des doubles. : Des papiers carbone, des carbones. Note Orthographique carbo n e, un seul n comme dans tous les dérivés.
carbonique
carbonique adj. adjectif Gaz carbonique (CO 2 ). Gaz résultant de la combinaison du carbone et de l ’oxygène.
carboniser
carboniser v. tr. verbe transitif 1 Brûler, réduire en charbon. : Des meubles carbonisés. 2 figuré Cuire trop. : Le poulet est carbonisé: encore une étourderie de Momo! aimer
carbonnade
carbonnade ou carbonade n. f. nom féminin Viande grillée sur des charbons. LOCUTION Carbonnade flamande. Ragoût de bœuf mouillé à la bière et cuit à l ’étouffée.
Spanish Dictionary
carbón
carbón nombre masculino 1 Sustancia sólida, ligera, negra y combustible, que resulta de la destilación o de la combustión incompleta de la leña o de otros cuerpos orgánicos .carbón mineral o carbón de piedra Carbón fósil, duro, bituminoso, de color oscuro o negro, formado en épocas geológicas pasadas por la descomposición parcial de materias vegetales, fuera del acceso del aire y bajo la acción de la humedad, y en muchos casos de un aumento de presión y temperatura :el carbón recibe distintos nombres según su clase: turba, lignito, antracita y hulla .carbón vegetal o carbón de leña Carbón que se obtiene por combustión incompleta de la madera .2 Ascua, trozo de carbón después de apagado :llevaba unos carbones en el braserillo .3 Carboncillo (barrita para dibujar ).se acabó el carbón Cuba Expresión que se usa para manifestar que se da por acabada una actividad, un hecho, un discurso, etc . VÉASE papel carbón .
carbonada
carbonada nombre femenino 1 Cantidad grande de carbón que se echa de una vez en un horno, caldera, etc .2 Carne cocida, picada y asada .3 Dulce elaborado con leche y huevo fritos en manteca (grasa de cerdo ).4 ASur Comida guisada que se prepara a base de carne cortada en pequeños trozos, mazorcas de maíz tierno, zapallo y papas :Angelito, prepara una carbonada y papas fritas, que viene la peonada del casco de la estancia .
carbonado, -da
carbonado, -da adjetivo Que contiene carbono :sustancias carbonadas; compuestos carbonados; esqueletos carbonados .
carbonara
carbonara nombre femenino Salsa hecha con nata o crema de leche líquidas, trozos de tocino o jamón, huevo y especias .a la carbonara [pasta ] Que está condimentado con salsa carbonara :espaguetis a la carbonara .
carbonario, -ria
carbonario, -ria adjetivo 1 Del carbonarismo o relacionado con esta asociación :en España se formó una asociación carbonaria de carácter republicano en 1858 .2 adjetivo /nombre masculino y femenino Que es miembro de esta asociación .
carbonarismo
carbonarismo nombre masculino Asociación política secreta, de ideología liberal y burguesa, que actuó especialmente en Italia y en Francia a principios del siglo xix :el carbonarismo nació en el reino de Nápoles como una derivación de la masonería .
carbonatación
carbonatación nombre femenino Acción por la que una sustancia se transforma en carbonato .
carbonatado, -da
carbonatado, -da adjetivo [roca ] Que está formado esencialmente por carbonatos :la caliza o la dolomía son rocas carbonatadas .
carbonatar
carbonatar verbo transitivo Combinar una sustancia con ácido carbónico o saturarla de este ácido .
carbonato
carbonato nombre masculino quím Sal formada por combinación del ácido carbónico y una base :carbonato de calcio; carbonato de sodio; los carbonatos metálicos abundan en la naturaleza, pues son los constituyentes de numerosos minerales, como la malaquita, la calcita, etc. ; los carbonatos alcalinos, los de calcio y los de magnesio se emplean en metalurgia y en cerámica .
carboncillo
carboncillo nombre masculino 1 Barrita de madera carbonizada que sirve para dibujar .SINÓNIMO carbón .2 Dibujo hecho con esta barrita .3 Técnica de dibujo con carboncillo .
carbonear
carbonear verbo transitivo 1 Hacer carbón, especialmente quemando leña .2 Cargar carbón [un buque ] para transportarlo o para su propio consumo .
carboneo
carboneo nombre masculino Acción de carbonear :a través del carboneo, los bosques se han ido quemando para proporcionar el calor necesario en los hogares y en las industrias de la región .
carbonera
carbonera nombre femenino 1 Lugar donde se guarda el carbón :a veces, en las antiguas casas, los desvanes hacían de carboneras .2 Pila de leña cubierta de arcilla y dispuesta a manera de horno para hacer carbón :en la ascensión por los peñascos se observan asentamientos de antiguas carboneras con forma circular, aseguradas por un bancal semicircular de piedras calizas .3 Seta comestible con el sombrero de color variable y las láminas y el pie blancos .
carbonería
carbonería nombre femenino Tienda o puesto donde se vende carbón .
carbonero, -ra
carbonero, -ra adjetivo 1 Del carbón o relacionado con él :explotación carbonera; industria carbonera; puerto carbonero .2 nombre masculino y femenino Persona que tiene por oficio elaborar o vender carbón .3 nombre masculino Pájaro cantor de unos 14 cm de longitud, cuyo plumaje es verdoso en el dorso, gris en las alas, amarillo con una franja vertical negra en el vientre y negro en la cabeza, con las mejillas blancas; tiene las alas cortas y el pico rechoncho :los carboneros nunca están quietos, volando constantemente de árbol en árbol y columpiándose de las ramas como acróbatas .También paro carbonero .SINÓNIMO monje .4 Pez marino parecido al bacalao, de color pardo verdoso y gran tamaño .
carbónico, -ca
carbónico, -ca adjetivo 1 De carbono o que lo contiene :gas carbónico .2 quím [ácido ] Que procede de la combinación del dióxido de carbono con el agua y no existe en estado puro . VÉASE agua carbónica; anhídrido carbónico; papel carbónico .
carbonífero, -ra
carbonífero, -ra adjetivo 1 [terreno ] Que contiene carbón mineral :se desarrollaron regiones industriales importantes sobre las cuencas carboníferas .2 adjetivo /nombre masculino geol [período geológico ] Que es el quinto de la era paleozoica o primaria, sigue al período devónico y precede al período pérmico; se extiende desde hace unos 345 millones de años hasta hace unos 280 millones de años :durante el carbonífero aparecieron los primeros reptiles, evolucionados a partir de anfibios anteriores; en el carbonífero se formaron grandes depósitos de carbón .3 adjetivo geol De este período geológico o que tiene relación con él :sedimentos carboníferos; en los bosques carboníferos abundaban los helechos .
carbonilla
carbonilla nombre femenino Carbón muy pequeño que queda como residuo cuando el carbón grueso se mueve o se quema .
carbonilo
carbonilo nombre masculino quím Radical orgánico constituido por un átomo de carbono y otro de oxígeno .
carbonización
carbonización nombre femenino Acción de carbonizar .
carbonizar
carbonizar verbo transitivo 1 Reducir a carbón un cuerpo orgánico, quemándolo fuera del contacto con el aire :cuando estas sustancias se calientan por encima de una determinada temperatura, se carbonizan .2 Quemar una cosa hasta convertirla casi en carbón, especialmente una comida . Conjugación [4 ] como realizar .
carbono
carbono nombre masculino Elemento químico de número atómico 6, masa atómica 12,01 y símbolo C; es un no metal sólido que es el componente fundamental de los compuestos orgánicos y tiene la propiedad de enlazarse con otros átomos de carbono y otras sustancias para formar un número casi infinito de compuestos; en la naturaleza se presenta en tres formas: diamante, grafito y carbono amorfo o carbón; en cada una de estas formas tiene muchas aplicaciones industriales .carbono 14 Isótopo radiactivo del carbono que se usa como trazador en la investigación bioquímica y en la técnica de la datación, que permite estimar la edad de los fósiles y otras materias orgánicas .ciclo del carbono Paso cíclico del carbono del aire a las plantas que lo absorben, de estas a los animales que las ingieren y de nuevo al aire por la descomposición de los animales . VÉASE dióxido de carbono; hidrato de carbono .
carbonoso, -sa
carbonoso, -sa adjetivo 1 Que contiene carbón :roca carbonosa; residuo sólido carbonoso .2 adjetivo Que es parecido al carbón .
Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary
carbon
car bon /kɑ́ː r bən /〖語源は 「炭 」〗名詞 複 ～s /-z /1 U 〘化 〙炭素 〘非金属元素; ｟記号 ｠C 〙.2 U C カーボン紙 (carbon paper ); C (カーボン紙による )写し (carbon copy ; ｟略 ｠cc ).3 C 〘電 〙(電池やアーク灯用の )炭素棒 [板 ].～́ bl à ck カーボンブラック 〘炭素の微粒子; 顔料 タイヤ補強などに用いる 〙.～̀ c ó py 1 ↑2 .2 生き写し, うり二つ .3 (電子メールの )カーボンコピー (｟略 ｠cc ) 〘同じメールを複数の相手に送信する設定 〙.～́ c ỳ cle 〘生態 物理 〙炭素循環 [サイクル ].～̀ d á ting 〘考古 〙放射性炭素による年代測定 .～̀ di ó xide 〘化 〙二酸化炭素 ; 炭酸ガス (｟記号 ｠CO 2 ).～̀ em í ssions 炭酸ガス放出 .～̀ f í ber 炭素繊維, カーボンファイバー .～̀ 14 [fourt é en ]炭素14 〘放射性炭素; ｟記号 ｠14 C 〙.～̀ mon ó xide 〘化 〙一酸化炭素 (｟記号 ｠CO ).～́ s ì nk 炭素吸収源 ; 大森林地帯 .～̀ st é el 炭素鋼 .～́ t à x 炭素税 〘二酸化炭素排出企業にかかる税 〙.～̀ t è trachl ó ride 〘化 〙四塩化炭素 〘消火器 駆虫剤などに用いる 〙.
carbonate
car bon ate /kɑ́ː r bənèɪt, -nət /名詞 C U 〘化 〙炭酸塩 ; 炭酸 …▸ calcium carbonate 炭酸カルシウム 動詞 /kɑ́ː r bənèɪt /他動詞 1 〈飲み物 〉に炭酸ガスを含ませる, …を炭酸ガスで飽和させる .2 …を炭酸塩化する .c à r bon á tion 名詞
carbonated
c á r bon à t ed /-ɪd /形容詞 〈飲み物が 〉炭酸で飽和された .～̀ dr í nk 炭酸飲料 .
carboniferous
car bon if er ous /kɑ̀ː r bənɪ́f (ə )rəs /形容詞 1 石炭を含む, 石炭の .2 〖C- 〗〘地 〙石炭紀の .名詞 〖the C- 〗〘地 〙石炭紀 〘古生代の第5紀 〙.
carbonize
c á r bon ì ze 動詞 他動詞 …を炭化する ; …に炭素を塗る .
The Wordsmith Dictionary