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ADJ ค้างชำระ  ค้าง จ่าย  khang-cham-ra

 

back

ADJ ซึ่ง ผ่าน มา แล้ว  sueng-phan-ma-laeo

 

back

ADJ ซึ่ง อยู่ ด้านหลัง  sueng-yu-dan-lang

 

back

ADV กลับคืน ไป ที่ เดิม (หรือ สภาพ เดิม  kab-khuen-pai-ti-doem

 

back

ADV ตอบกลับ  ตอบรับ  ตอบโต้  tob-klab

 

back

ADV ผ่าน มา  ผ่าน มา แล้ว  ใน อดีต  phan-ma

 

back

ADV หวนกลับ คืน มา  ย้อนกลับ  huan-klab-khuen-ma

 

back

ADV หันไป ข้างหลัง  han-pai-khang-lang

 

back

N กระดูกสันหลัง  rear kra-duk-san-lang

 

back

N กองหลัง  fullback halfback forward kong-lang

 

back

N พนักเก้าอี้  ที่ พิง  พนักพิง  pha-nak-kao-i

 

back

N ส่วนหลัง  ด้านหลัง  ส่วน ท้าย  ด้าน ท้าย  rear front fore san-lang

 

back

N หลัง (ส่วน ของ ร่างกาย  แผ่น หลัง  posterior rear front lang

 

back

VT ถอยหลัง  ถอย (รถ  reverse forward thil-lang

 

back

VT วางเดิมพัน  bet wang-doem-phan

 

back

VT สนับสนุน  หนุนหลัง  ผลักดัน  support sa-nab-sa-nun

 

back

VT หันหลัง พิง กัน  หันหลัง ชิด  han-lang-phing-kan

 

back

VT เขียน สลักหลัง  สลักหลัง (เช็ค  เขียน บันทึก กำกับ  khian-sa-lak-lang

 

back

VT เดินทาง กลับ  กลับมา  doen-thang-klab

 

back and forth

ADV ไปๆ  มาๆ  กลับไปกลับมา  to and fro pai-pai-ma-ma

 

back away

PHRV ถอยกลับ  หลีกทาง ให้  back off retreat from thoi-klab

 

back away

PHRV หลีกหนี  หนี  back off retreat from lik-ne

 

back bench

N ที่นั่ง แถว หลัง ที่ สำรอง ไว้ ให้ สมาชิก สามัญ ใน สภา ล่าง  front bench ti-nang-thaeol-lang-ti-sam-rong-wai-hai-sa-ma-chik-sa-man-nai-sa-pha-lang

 

back door

N ประตู หลังบ้าน  ประตู หลัง  postern pra-tu-lang-ban

 

back door

N วิธีการ ที่ ผิด กฏ หมาย  วิธี ลับ  underhand wi-ti-kan-ti-phid-kod-mai

 

back down

PHRV ยอมตาม  ยอม อ่อนข้อ ให้  ยอมจำนน  back off climb down yom-tam

 

back formation

N การสร้างคำ จาก คำ อื่น (เช่น  การ ตัด  suffix จาก คำ อื่น  kan sang-kham-jak-kham-uen

 

back in circulation

IDM เข้าสู่ สังคม อีก ครั้ง  khaol-su-sang-kom-eak-krang

 

back into

PHRV ถอย ไป ชน  toi-pai-chon

 

back issue

N สำเนา หนังสือพิมพ์ หรือ นิตยสาร จาก อดีต  back copy back member sam-nao-nang-sue-phim-rue-nid-ta-ya-san-jak-ar-did

 

back number

N หนังสือพิมพ์ /นิตยสาร ที่ เคย ตี พิมพ แล้วแต่ ยัง มีค่า อยู่  สำเนา หนังสือพิมพ์ หรือ นิตยสาร ฉบับ ที่ ออก ไป แล้ว  back issue nang-sue-phim-tab-nid-ta-ya-san-ti-khoei-ti-phim-pha-laeo-tae-yang-mee-kha-yu

 

back of the beyond

IDM สถานที่ ไกล ที่สุด  สถานที่ ที่ ไกล มาก  sa-tan-ti-klai-ti-sud

 

back off

PHRV หลีกหนี  ถอย ไป  หลบ ไป  back away retreat from lik-ne

 

back onto

PHRV หันหลัง ให้ กับ  han-lang-hai-kab

 

back out

PHRV กลับคำ  คืนคำ  klab-kam

 

back passage

N ประตู หลัง (คำ เลี่ยง พูดถึง รู ทวารหนัก  ช่อง ทวารหนัก  intestine rectum pra-tu-lang

 

back seat

N ที่นั่ง ด้านหลัง  ส่วนหลัง  rear ti-nang-dan-lang

 

back street

N ถนน ที่อยู่ ห่าง จาก ถนนใหญ่ (โดยเฉพาะ ถนน ใน ย่าน คนจน  alley lane thanon ti-yu-hang-jak-tha-non-yai

 

back talk

N คำพูด หยาบคาย  backchat insolence impudence kham-phud-yab-khai

 

back up

PHRV กั้น ขวาง  กีดขวาง  kan-kwang

 

back up

PHRV สนับสนุน  ช่วยเหลือ  sa-nab-sa-nun

 

back-ender

SL อุบัติเหตุ (รถชน ท้าย อีก คัน หนึ่ง  rear-ender aud-bad-ti-hed

 

back-seat driver

N ผู้ นั่ง หลัง รถ และ สอน การขับ รถ ที่ ไร้ประโยชน์ กับ คนขับ  phu-nang-lang-rod-lae-son-kan-khab-rod-ti-rai-pra-yod-kab-kon-khab

 

back-to-back

ADJ ที่ หันหลัง พิง กัน  ที่ หลัง ชนกัน  ti-han-lang-ping-kan

 

back-up

ADJ โดย สำรอง  โดย การ เก็บสำรอง ไว้  doi-sam-rong

 

backache

N อาการ ปวดหลัง  lumbago ar-kan-puad-lang

 

backbeat

N จังหวะ ดนตรี ที่ หนักแน่น  โดยเฉพาะ จังหวะ ร็อก  jang-wa-don-tri-ti-nak-naen-doi-cha-phol-jang-wa-rok

 

backbench

N ที่นั่ง ของ สมาชิกรัฐสภา (ที่ ไม่ใช่ รัฐมนตรี หรือ ตำแหน่ง สำคัญ  front bench ti-nang-khong-sa-ma-chik-rad-tha-sa-pha

 

backbend

N การ งอ ตัว ไป ข้างหลัง จน สอง มือ แตะ พื้น  kan-ngor-tua-pai-kang-lang-jon-song-mue-tae-puen

 

backbite

VT นินทา ลับหลัง  พูด ให้ร้าย  ลอบกัด  ทำลาย ชื่อเสียง  scandalize nin-tha-lab-lang

 

backbiter

N ผู้ ลอบกัด  poo-lorb-kad

 

backbiting

N การนินทา ลับหลัง  การ พูด ให้ร้าย  การ ลอบกัด  calumny slander kan-nin-tha-lab-lang

 

backboard

N กระดาน ด้านหลัง ห่วง ใน กีฬา บาส เก็ต บอล  board kra-dan-dan-lang-huang-nai-ki-la-bas-sa-ketd-bon

 

backbone

N กระดูกสันหลัง  สิ่ง ที่ เหมือน กระดูกสันหลัง  spine kra-duk-san-lang

 

backbone

N ความกล้า  ความตั้งใจ  ความเข้มแข็ง  firmness fortitude khwam-kla

 

backboned

A ที่ หนักแน่น  ti-nak-naen

 

backbreaking

ADJ เหนื่อย มาก  ต้อง ใช้ แรง มาก  exhausting onerous nueai-mak

 

backchat

N คำพูด หยาบคาย  back talk kham-phud-yab-khai

 

backcloth

N ฉากหลัง  ม่าน  ที่ กำบัง  ฉาก  backdrop chak-lang

 

backcomb

VT หวี ผม ย้อน ทาง (เพื่อ ช่วย ให้ผ มดู พอง หนา ขึ้น  แปรง ผม ย้อนกลับ  tease wi-phom-yon-thang

 

backdate

VT ลงวันที่ หลัง เช็ค หรือ เอกสาร อื่น (ระบุ วันก่อน วัน จริง  ลงวันที่ ก่อน วัน จริง (หลัง เช็ค หรือ เอกสาร อื่น  antedate long-wan-ti-lang-chek-rue-eak-ka-san-uen

 

backdoor

ADJ ผิด กฏ หมาย (ใช้ นำหน้า คำนาม เท่านั้น  ซึ่ง ใช้ วิถีทาง ลับ  underhand secret phid-kod-mai

 

backdown

N การ ยกเลิก ข้อเรียกร้อง  การเปลี่ยนแปลง ข้อเสนอ ดั้งเดิม  retraction kan-yok-loek-khol-riak-rong

 

backdrop

N ฉากหลัง  ม่าน ด้านหลัง  blackcloth chak-lang

 

backed

A ที่ ได้รับ การ สนับสนุน  tee-dai-rab-kan-sa-nab-sa-noon

 

backer

N พรรคพวก  ผู้สนับสนุน  sponsor benefactor phak-phuak

 

backfire

VI ส่งผล ตรงกันข้าม กับ ที่ตั้ง ใจ เอา ไว้  boomerang song-phon-trong-kan-kham-kab-ti-tang-jai-aol-wai

 

backformation

N การสร้างคำ โดย ทิ้ง อักษร หลัง  kan-sang-kam-doi-ting-ak-sorn-lang

 

backgammon

N เกม ใน ร่ม แบบ หนึ่ง (ผู้ เล่น  2 คน  เกม แบค แกม มอ น  board game kem-nai-rom-baeb-nueng

 

background

N ฉากหลัง  ม่าน  พื้น หลัง ภาพ  chak-lang

 

background

N ภูมิหลัง  เบื้องหลัง  เบื้องหน้าเบื้องหลัง  หลังฉาก  ความเป็นมา  ประวัติ  พื้นเพ  upbringing phum-lang

 

backgrounding

N ส่วน ภูมิหลัง  suan-poom-lang

 

backhand

N การเขียน คัดลายมือ ที่ เอน ไป ทางซ้าย  การ คัดลายมือ ที่ หันไป ทางซ้าย  kan-khian-khad-lai-mue-ti-en-pai-thang-sai

 

backhand

N ท่า ตี โดย หันหลัง มือ ออก นอก ตัว  การ ตี ลูกบอล ทาง ตรงข้าม กับ มือ ที่ ถือ ไม้ ตี  forehand tha-ti-doi-han-lang-mue-ook-nok-tua

 

backhand

VT กลับ หลังมือ ตี  klab-lang-mue-ti

 

backhanded

ADJ พลิก มือ กลับ  กลับ ทิศทาง  phlik-mue-klab

 

backhanded

ADJ อ้อมค้อม  ลังเล  อิดเอื้อน  ambiguous om-khom

 

backhandedness

N การพลิก มือ กลับ ทิศทาง  kan-plig-mue-klab-tid-tang

 

backhander

SL เงินสินบน  เงิน ใต้โต๊ะ  ngen-sin-bon

 

backhoe

N รถขุด หรือ รถ เจาะ  rod-khud-rue-rod-jor

 

backing

N ของ ที่ บุ หรือ รอง สิ่งของ อื่น  khong-ti-bu-rue-rong-sing-kong-uen

 

backing

N ความช่วยเหลือ  การ สนับสนุน  encouragement subsidy khwam-chuai-luea

 

backing

N ผู้ ช่วยเหลือ  ผู้สนับสนุน  phu-chuai-luea

 

backlash

N การ สะท้อน กลับ อย่างรุนแรง  การ กระตุก  ปฏิกิริยา รุนแรง ฉับพลัน  backfire kan-sa-ton-klab-yang-run-raeng

 

backlash

N ปฏิกิริยา ที่ รุนแรง และไม่ เอื้อประโยชน์ (ทาง ด้าน การพัฒนา ของ สังคม และ การเมือง  revolt pa-ti-ki-ri-ya-ti-run-raeng-lae-mai-uea-pra-yod

 

backless

ADJ(ชุด  ที่ ไม่มี ผ้า ด้านหลัง (ของ สตรี (ชุด  เปลือย หลัง  ti-mai-mee-pha-dan-lang

 

backlight

N แสง ที่ ส่อง จาก ด้านหลัง ใน การถ่ายภาพ  saeng-ti-song-jak-dan-lang-nai kan thaiphap

 

backlight

VT ทำให้ สว่าง จาก ด้านหลัง  tham-hai-sa-wang-jak-dan-lang

 

backlog

N งาน คั่งค้าง  งา นที่ ยัง ทำ ไม่เสร็จ  accumulation reserve ngan-khang-khang

 

backlog

N ท่อน ไม้ใหญ่ สำหรับ เล่น แคมป์ ไฟ  thon-mai-ya-i sam-rab-len-khaem-fai

 

backlog

VT เก็บ รวบรวม ไว้  ้ สำรอง ไว้  reserve keb-ruab-ruam-wai

 

backpack

N กระเป๋าสะพาย หลัง  เป้ สะพาย หลัง  rucksack kra-pao-sa-phai-lang

 

backpacker

N ผู้ ใส่ กระเป๋าสะพาย หลัง  phu-sai-kra-pao-sa-phai-lang

 

backpedal

VI กลับ คำสัญญา  เปลี่ยนใจ  ถอน  เปลี่ยน  backtrack klab-kham-san-ya

 

backpedal

VT ถีบจักรยาน ให้ ช้า ลง  ถีบก ลับหลัง  pedal thib-jak-kra-yan-hai-cha-long

 

backrest

N พนักพิง  ที่ พิง  พนักเก้าอี้  พนักพิง  rest pha-nak-phing

 

backroom

N ห้องประชุม ผู้มีอำนาจ เบื้องหลัง  hong-pra-chum-phu-mee-am-nad-bueang-lang

 

backsaw

N เลื่อย ขนาดเล็ก  เลื่อย  saw lueai-kha-nad-lek

 

backscratching

N การ ให้ ความช่วยเหลือ กลับ (มัก ไป ใน ทาง ผิดกฎหมาย  kan-hai-khwam-chuai-luea-klab

 

backset

N การ พบ อุปสรรค  kan-pob-ub-pa-sak

 

backside

N ก้น (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  บั้นท้าย  bottom buttocks kon

 

backside

N ด้านหลัง  ข้างหลัง  ส่วนหลัง  behind front dan-lang

 

backsight

N การ มอง หลัง  kan-mong-lang

 

backslap

VI ส่งเสียง พึงพอใจ มาก  แสดง ความพอใจ อย่างยิ่ง  be jovial song-siang-phueng-phol-jai-mak

 

backslap

VT ส่งเสียง พึงพอใจ มาก  แสดง ความพอใจ อย่างยิ่ง  song-siang-phueng-phol-jai-mak

 

backslapping

ADJ อย่าง ความพึงพอใจ มาก  hearty yang-khwam-phueng-phol-jai-mak

 

backslash

N เครื่องหมาย (มัก ใช้ ทาง คอมพิวเตอร์  khrueang-mai

 

backslide

VT ความผิดพลาด ที่ เกิดขึ้น หลัง พยายาม เปลี่ยนแปลง พฤติกรรม  relapse khwam-phid-phlad-ti-koed-khuen-lang-pha-ya-yam-plian-plaeng-pharued-ti-kam

 

backsliding

N การ เสื่อมถอย  kan-sueam-thoi

 

backspace

N เคาะ กลับ หรือ ไป ข้างหน้า (เครื่องคอมพิวเตอร์ /เครื่องพิมพ์ดีด  khor-klap-rue-pai-khang-na

 

backspin

N การ หมุน กลับ  kan-mun-klab

 

backstage

ADJ ซึ่ง อยู่ หลัง เวที  ซึ่ง อยู่ หลังฉาก  behind-the-scenes sueng-yu-lang-we-ti

 

backstage

ADJ ซึ่ง เป็นความลับ  ซึ่ง ไม่ เป็นที่เปิดเผย  covert sueng-pen-khwam-lab

 

backstage

ADV อยู่ (หรือ ไป  หลัง เวที  อยู่ (หรือ ไป  หลังฉาก  ถอย ไป อยู่ หลังฉาก  offstage yu

 

backstage

ADV เกี่ยวกับ ชิ วิต ส่วนตัว  เกี่ยวกับ เรื่องลับๆ  kiao-kab-chi-wid-suan-tua

 

backstair

A อ้อม  orm

 

backstairs

ADJ ที่ เป็นความลับ  ti-pen-khwam-lab

 

backstairs

N บันได ส่วนตัว (มัก อยู่ ด้านหลัง สำหรับ คนรับใช้  ban-dai-suan-tua

 

backstay

N เครื่อง ค้ำจุน  krueang-kam-joon

 

backstitch

N การ เย็บ ด้นถอยหลัง  chain stitch kan-yeb-don-thoi-lang

 

backstreet

ADJ(การ ทำผิดกฎหมาย  ที่ เกิดขึ้น ใน ที่ลับ  squalid ti-koed-khuen-nai-ti-lab

 

backstreet

N ถนน ที่อยู่ ห่าง จาก ถนนใหญ่ (โดยเฉพาะ ถนน ย่าน คนจน  side street tha-non-ti-yu-hang-jak-tha-non-yai

 

backstreet

N ถน นที่ แยกจาก ถนน หลัก  lane tha-non-ti-yu-hang-jak-tha-non-rak

 

backstretch

N ลู่ วิ่ง ทางตรง  lu-wing-thang-trong

 

backstroke

N ท่า ว่ายน้ำ แบบ ตีกรรเชียง  ท่า ว่ายน้ำ แบบ หงายหลัง  ta-wai-nam-baeb-ti-kan-chiang

 

backstroke

VI ว่ายน้ำ ท่า กรรเชียง  wai-nam-ta-kan-chiang

 

backswing

N การ หมุน แขน กลับ ก่อน ตี ลูก (กีฬา  kan-mun-khaen-klab-kon-ti-luk

 

backsword

N ดาบ ไม้  ดาบ คม เดียว  dab-mai

 

backtrack

VI กลับคำ  เปลี่ยนท่าที  recant back-pedal klab-kham

 

backtrack

VI ย้อนรอย  ย้อนกลับ ทาง เก่า  regress retrace yon-roi

 

backup

ADJ สำรอง  sam-rong

 

backup

N สนับสนุน  ตัวแทน  ผู้สนับสนุน  ผู้ช่วย  reinforcement support sa-nab-sa-nun

 

backward

ADJ กลับ สู่ อดีต  กลับ สู่ สิ่ง ที่ผ่านมา  retrograde regressive forward klab-su-ar-did

 

backward

ADJ ซึ่ง อยู่ ทาง ข้างหลัง  ซึ่ง ไป ทาง ข้างหลัง  seang-la cha

 

backward

ADJ ล่าช้า  สมอง ช้า  สติปัญญา ไม่ดี  slow la-cha

 

backward

ADV ถอยกลับ  ย้อนกลับ  forward thoi-klab

 

backward

ADV ย้อนกลับ ทาง เดิม  กลับ ไป ที่ เดิม  yon-klab-thang-doem

 

backward

ADV อยู่ ทาง ข้างหลัง  ไป ทาง ข้างหลัง  rearward la cha

 

backwardly

ADV ย้อนกลับ  yorn-klab

 

backwardness

N การ กลับไปกลับมา  การ เดินทาง กลับไปกลับมา  kan-klab-pai-klab-ma

 

backwards

ADV ถอยหลัง  thoi-lang

 

backwash

ADJ คลื่น ที่ ไหล กลับมา กระทบ ฝั่ง (หลังจาก กระแทก ฝั่ง แล้ว  swash wave khluen-ti-lai-klab-ma-kra-thob-fang

 

backwater

N น้ำนิ่ง  stagnant water nam-ning

 

backwater

N บรรยากาศ ที่ ซึมเซา  สถานที่ ซึมเซา  rus in urbe seclusion ban-ya-kad-ti-suem-sao

 

backwater

N สาขา ของ แม่น้ำ ที่ แยก ออกมา  sa-kha-khong-mae-nam-ti-yaek-ook-ma

 

backwoods

N สถานที่ ห่างไกล  บริเวณ ห่างไกล  ชนบท  hinterland bush sa-than-ti-hang-klai

 

backwoodsman

N คนที่ อาศัย อยู่ ใน บริเวณ ห่างไกล  คนชนบท  countryman kon-ti-ar-sai-yu-nai-bo-ri-wen-hang-klai

 

backyard

N สวน หลังบ้าน  สวน หลังบ้าน  พื้นที่ หลังบ้าน  yard courtyard suan-lang-ban

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

BACK

n. 1. The upper part of an animal, particularly of a quadruped, whose back is a ridge. In human beings, the hinder part of the body.
2. The outward or convex part of the hand, opposed to the inner, concave part, or palm.
3. As the back of man is the part on the side opposite to the face; hence the part opposed to the front; as the back of a book and of a chimney, or the back of a house.
4. The part opposite to or most remote from that which fronts the speaker or actor, or the part out of sight; as the back of an isle, of a wood, of a village.
5. As the back is the strongest part of an animal, and as the back is behind in motion; hence the thick and strong part of a cutting tool; as the back of a knife, or of a saw.
6. The place behind or nearest the back; as, on the back of a hill or of a village.
7. The outer part of the body, or the whole body; a part for the whole; as, he has not clothes to his back.
8. To turn the back on one, is to forsake, or neglect him.
9. To turn the back to one, to acknowledge to be superior.
1 . To turn the back, is to depart, or to leave the care or cognizance of; to remove or be absent.
11. Behind the back, is in secret, or when one is absent.
12. To cast behind the back, in scripture, is to forget and forgive, Isaiah 38:17; or to treat with contempt. Ezekiel 23:35; Nehemiah 9:26.
13. To plow the back, is to oppress and persecute. Psalm 129:3.
14. To bow the back, is to submit to oppression. Romans 11:1 .

 

BACK

adv. To the place from which one came; as, to go back is to return. 2. In a figurative sense, to a former state, condition or station; as, he cannot go back from his engagements.
3. Behind; not advancing; not coming or bringing forward; as, to keep back a part; to keep one's selfback.
4. Towards times or things past; as, to look back on former ages.
5. Again; in return; as, give back the money.
6. To go or come back, is to return, either to a former place, or state.
7. To go or give back, is to retreat to recede.

 

BACK

v.t.To mount; to get upon the back; sometimes perhaps to place upon the back; as, to back a horse. 2. To support; to maintain; to second or strengthen by aid; as, the Court was backed by the House of Commons.
3. To put backward; to cause to retreat or recede; as, to back oxen.
4. To back a warrant, is for a justice of the peace in the county where the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender.
5. In seamanship, to back an anchor is to lay down a small anchor ahead of a large one, the cable of the small one being fastened to the crown of the large one, to prevent its coming home.
6. To back astern, in rowing, is to manage the oars in a direction contrary to the usual method, to move a boat stern foremost.
7. To back the sails, is to arrange them so as to cause the ship to move astern.

 

BACK

v.i.To move or go back; as, the horse refuses to back.

 

BACKBITE

v.t.[back and bite ] To censure, slander, reproach, or speak evil of the absent. Proverbs 25:23.

 

BACKBITER

n.One who slanders, calumniates or speaks ill of the absent.

 

BACKBITING

n.The act of slandering the absent; secret calumny. 2 Corinthians 12:2 .

 

BACKBITINGLY

adv. With secret slander.

 

BACKBOARD

n.[back and board. ] A board placed across the after part of a boat.

 

BACKBONE

n.[back and bone. ] The bone of the back; or the spine.

 

BACKCARRY

n.A having on the back; a term of law.

 

BACKDOOR

n.[back and door. ] A door on the back part of a bulding; a private passage; and indirect way.

 

BACKED

pp. Mounted; having on the back; supported by aid; seconded; moved backward.

 

BACKED

a.Having a back; a word used in composition; as broad-backed, hump-backed.

 

BACKFRIEND

n.[back and friend. ] A secret enemy.

 

BACKGAMMON

n.A game played by two persons, upon a table, with box and dice. The table is in two parts, on which are 24 black and white spaces, called points. Each player has 15 men of different colors for the purpose of distinction.

 

BACKGROUND

n.[back and ground. ] Ground in the rear or behind, as opposed to the front. 2. A place of obscurity, or shade; a situation little seen, or noticed.

 

BACKHANDED

a.[back and hand. ] With the hand turned backward; as a backhanded blow.

 

BACKHANDED

adv. With the hand directed backward; as, to strike backhanded.

 

BACKHOUSE

n.[back and house. ] A building behind the main or front building.

 

BACKING

ppr. Mounting; moving back, as a horse; seconding.

 

BACKPAINTING

n.[back and paint. ] The method of painting mezzotinto prints, pasted on glass of a size to fit the print.

 

BACKPIECE

n.[back and piece. ] The piece of armor which covers the back.

 

BACKRETURN

n.Repeated return.

 

BACKROOM

n.[back and room. ] A room behind the front room, or in the back part of the house.

 

BACKS

n.Among dealers in leather, the thickest and best tanned hides.

 

BACKSET

a.[back and set. ] Set upon in the rear.

 

BACKSIDE

n.[back and side. ] The back part of anything; the part behind that which is presented to the face of a spectator. Exodus 3:1. 2. The hind part of an animal.
3. The yard, ground or place behind a house.

 

BACKSLIDE

v.i.[back and slide. ] To fall off; to apostatize; to turn gradually from the faith and practice of christianity. Jeremiah 3:6-22; Hosea 4:16.

 

BACKSLIDER

n.An apostate; one who falls from the faith and practice of religion. Proverbs 14:14. 2. One who neglects his vows of obedience and falls into sin.

 

BACKSLIDING

n.The act of apostatizing from faith or practice; a falling insensibly from religion into sin or idolatry. Jeremiah 5:6.

 

BACKSTAFF

n.[back and staff, so called from its being used with the observer's back toward the sun. ] A quadrant; an instrument for taking the sun's altitude at sea; called also, from its inventor, Davis's quadrant.

 

BACKSTAIRS

n.[back and stairs. ] Stairs in the back part of a house; private stairs; and figuratively, a private or indirect way.

 

BACKSTAYS

n.[back and stay. ] Long ropes or stays extending from the top-mast heads to both sides of a ship, to assist the shrouds in supporting the mast, when strained by a weight of sail, and prevent it from giving way and falling overboard.

 

BACKSWORD

n.[back and sword. ] A sword with one sharp edge. In England, a stick with a basket handle used in rustic amusements.

 

BACKWARD, BACKWARDS

adv. [back and ward. See Ward. ] With the back in advance; as, to move backward. 2. Toward the back; as, to throw the arms backward; to move backwards and forwards.
3. On the back, or with the back downwards; as, to fall backward.
4. Toward past times or events; as to look backward on the history of man.
5. By way of reflection; reflexively.
6. From a better to a worse state; as, public affairs go backward.
7. In time past; as, let us look some ages backward.
8. Perversely; from a wrong end.
I never yet saw man but she would spell him backward.
9. Towards the beginning; in an order contrary to the natural order; as, to read backward.
1 . In a scriptural sense, to go or turn backward, is to rebel, apostatize, or relapse into sin, or idolatry. Isaiah 1:4.
11. Contrarily; in a contrary manner.
To be driven or turned backward, is to be defeated, or disappointed. Psalm 4 :14. turn judgment backward, is to pervert justice and laws. Isaiah 59:14.

 

BACKWARD

a.Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating. For wiser brutes are backward to be slaves. 2. Slow; sluggish; dilatory. The mind is backward to undergo the fatigue of weighing every argument.
3. Dull; not quick of apprehension; behind in progress; as a backward learner.
4. Late; behind in time; coming after something else, or after the usual time; as backward fruits; the season is backward.

 

BACKWARD

n.The things or state behind or past. In the dark backward or abysm of time. [Not proper, nor in use. ]

 

BACKWARDLY

adv. Unwillingly; reluctantly; adversely; perversely.

 

BACKWARDNESS

n.Unwillingness; reluctance, dilatoriness, or dullness in action. 2. A state of being behind in progress; slowness; tardiness; as the backwardness of the spring.

 

BACKWORM

n.[back and worm. ] A small worm, in a thin skin, in the reins of a hawk. [See Filanders. ]

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

BACK

Back, n. Etym: [F. bac: cf. Arm. bak tray, bowl. ]

 

1. A large shallow vat; a cistern, tub, or trough, used by brewers, distillers, dyers, picklers, gluemakers, and others, for mixing or cooling wort, holding water, hot glue, etc. Hop back, Jack back, the cistern which receives the infusion of malt and hops from the copper. -- Wash back, a vat in which distillers ferment the wort to form wash. -- Water back, a cistern to hold a supply of water; esp. a small cistern at the back of a stove, or a group of pipes set in the fire box of a stove or furnace, through which water circulates and is heated.

 

2. A ferryboat. See Bac, 1

 

BACK

Back, n. Etym: [As bæc, bac; akin to Icel., Sw. , & LG. bak, Dan. bag; cf. OHG. bahho ham, Skr. bhaj to turn, OSlav. b flight. Cf. Bacon. ]

 

1. In human beings, the hinder part of the body, extending from the neck to the end of the spine; in other animals, that part of the body which corresponds most nearly to such part of a human being; as, the back of a horse, fish, or lobster.

 

2. An extended upper part, as of a mountain or ridge. [The mountains ] their broad bare backs upheave Into the clouds. Milton.

 

3. The outward or upper part of a thing, as opposed to the inner or lower part; as, the back of the hand, the back of the foot, the back of a hand rail. Methought Love pitying me, when he saw this, Gave me your hands, the backs and palms to kiss. Donne.

 

4. The part opposed to the front; the hinder or rear part of a thing; as, the back of a book; the back of an army; the back of a chimney.

 

5. The part opposite to, or most remote from, that which fronts the speaker or actor; or the part out of sight, or not generally seen; as, the back of an island, of a hill, or of a village.

 

6. The part of a cutting tool on the opposite side from its edge; as, the back of a knife, or of a saw.

 

7. A support or resource in reserve. This project Should have a back or second, that might hold, If this should blast in proof. Shak.

 

8. (Naut. )

 

Defn: The keel and keelson of a ship.

 

9. (Mining )

 

Defn: The upper part of a lode, or the roof of a horizontal underground passage.

 

1 . A garment for the back; hence, clothing. A bak to walken inne by daylight. Chaucer. Behind one's back, when one is absent; without one's knowledge; as, to ridicule a person behind his back. -- Full back, Half back, Quarter back (Football ), players stationed behind those in the front line. -- To be or lie on one's back, to be helpless. -- To put, or get, one's back up, to assume an attitude of obstinate resistance (from the action of a cat when attacked. ). [Colloq. ] -- To see the back of, to get rid of. -- To turn the back, to go away; to flee. -- To turn the back on one, to forsake or neglect him.

 

BACK

BACK Back, a.

 

1. Being at the back or in the rear; distant; remote; as, the back door; back settlements.

 

2. Being in arrear; overdue; as, back rent.

 

3. Moving or operating backward; as, back action. Back charges, charges brought forward after an account has been made up. -- Back filling (Arch. ), the mass of materials used in filling up the space between two walls, or between the inner and outer faces of a wall, or upon the haunches of an arch or vault. -- Back pressure. (Steam Engine ) See under Pressure. -- Back rest, a guide attached to the slide rest of a lathe, and placed in contact with the work, to steady it in turning. -- Back slang, a kind of slang in which every word is written or pronounced backwards; as, nam for man. -- Back stairs, stairs in the back part of a house; private stairs. Also used adjectively. See Back stairs, Backstairs, and Backstair, in the Vocabulary. -- Back step (Mil. ), the retrograde movement of a man or body of men, without changing front. -- Back stream, a current running against the main current of a stream; an eddy. -- To take the back track, to retrace one's steps; to retreat. [Colloq. ]

 

BACK

Back, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Backed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Backing. ]

 

1. To get upon the back of; to mount. I will back him [a horse ] straight. Shak.

 

2. To place or seat upon the back. [R.] Great Jupiter, upon his eagle backed, Appeared to me. Shak.

 

3. To drive or force backward; to cause to retreat or recede; as, to back oxen.

 

4. To make a back for; to furnish with a back; as, to back books.

 

5. To adjoin behind; to be at the back of. A garden. .. with a vineyard backed. Shak. The chalk cliffs which back the beach. Huxley.

 

6. To write upon the back of; as, to back a letter; to indorse; as, to back a note or legal document.

 

7. To support; to maintain; to second or strengthen by aid or influence; as, to back a friend. "Parliament would be backed by the people. " Macaulay. Have still found it necessary to back and fortify their laws with rewards and punishments. South. The mate backed the captain manfully. Blackw. Mag.

 

8. To bet on the success of; -- as, to back a race horse. To back an anchor (Naut. ), to lay down a small anchor ahead of a large one, the cable of the small one being fastened to the crown of the large one. -- To back the field, in horse racing, to bet against a particular horse or horses, that some one of all the other horses, collectively designated "the field ", will win. -- To back the oars, to row backward with the oars. -- To back a rope, to put on a preventer. -- To back the sails, to arrange them so as to cause the ship to move astern. -- To back up, to support; to sustain; as, to back up one's friends. -- To back a warrant (Law ), is for a justice of the peace, in the county where the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender. -- To back water (Naut. ), to reverse the action of the oars, paddles, or propeller, so as to force the boat or ship backward.

 

BACK

BACK Back, v. i.

 

1. To move or go backward; as, the horse refuses to back.

 

2. (Naut. )

 

Defn: To change from one quarter to another by a course opposite to that of the sun; -- used of the wind.

 

3. (Sporting )

 

Defn: To stand still behind another dog which has poined; -- said of a dog. [Eng. ] To back and fill, to manage the sails of a ship so that the wind strikes them alternately in front and behind, in order to keep the ship in the middle of a river or channel while the current or tide carries the vessel against the wind. Hence: (Fig. ) To take opposite positions alternately; to assert and deny. [Colloq. ] -- To back out, To back down, to retreat or withdraw from a promise, engagement, or contest; to recede. [Colloq. ]Cleon at first. .. was willing to go; but, finding that he [Nicias ] was in earnest, he tried to back out. Jowett (Thucyd. )

 

BACK

Back, adv. Etym: [Shortened from aback. ]

 

1. In, to, or toward, the rear; as, to stand back; to step back.

 

2. To the place from which one came; to the place or person from which something is taken or derived; as, to go back for something left behind; to go back to one's native place; to put a book back after reading it.

 

3. To a former state, condition, or station; as, to go back to private life; to go back to barbarism.

 

4. ( Of time ) In times past; ago. "Sixty or seventy years back. " Gladstone.

 

5. Away from contact; by reverse movement. The angel of the Lord. .. came, and rolled back the stone from the door. Matt. xxvii. 2.

 

6. In concealment or reserve; in one's own possession; as, to keep back the truth; to keep back part of the money due to another.

 

7. In a state of restraint or hindrance. The Lord hath kept thee back from honor. Numb. xxiv. 11.

 

8. In return, repayment, or requital. What have I to give you back! Shak.

 

9. In withdrawal from a statement, promise, or undertaking; as, he took back the offensive words.

 

1 . In arrear; as, to be back in one's rent. [Colloq. ] Back and forth, backwards and forwards; to and fro. -- To go back on, to turn back from; to abandon; to betray; as, to go back on a friend; to go back on one's professions. [Colloq. ]

 

BACKARACK

BACKARACK Back "a *rack, n.

 

Defn: See Bacharach.

 

BACKARE

BACKARE Bac *ka "re, interj.

 

Defn: Same as Baccare.

 

BACKBAND

Back "band `, n. Etym: [2nd back, n.+ band. ] (Saddlery )

 

Defn: The band which passes over the back of a horse and holds up the shafts of a carriage.

 

BACKBITE

Back "bite `, v. i. Etym: [2nd back, n., + bite ]

 

Defn: To wound by clandestine detraction; to censure meanly or spitefully (as absent person ); to slander or speak evil of (one absent ). Spenser.

 

BACKBITE

BACKBITE Back "bite `, v. i.

 

Defn: To censure or revile the absent. They are arrant knaves, and will backbite. Shak.

 

BACKBITER

BACKBITER Back "bit `er, n.

 

Defn: One who backbites; a secret calumniator or detractor.

 

BACKBITING

BACKBITING Back "bit `ing, n.

 

Defn: Secret slander; detraction. Backbiting, and bearing of false witness. Piers Plowman.

 

BACKBOARD

Back "board `, n. Etym: [2nd back, n. + board. ]

 

1. A board which supports the back wen one is sitting;

 

Note: specifically, the board athwart the after part of a boat.

 

2. A board serving as the back part of anything, as of a wagon.

 

3. A thin stuff used for the backs of framed pictures, mirrors, etc.

 

4. A board attached to the rim of a water wheel to prevent the water from running off the floats or paddies into the interior of the wheel. W. Nicholson.

 

5. A board worn across the back to give erectness to the figure. Thackeray.

 

BACKBOND

Back "bond `, n. Etym: [Back, adv. + bond. ] (Scots Law )

 

Defn: An instrument which, in conjunction with another making an absolute disposition, constitutes a trust.

 

BACKBONE

Back "bone ", n. Etym: [2d back, n.+ bone. ]

 

1. The column of bones in the back which sustains and gives firmness to the frame; the spine; the vertebral or spinal column.

 

2. Anything like, or serving the purpose of, a backbone. The lofty mountains on the north side compose the granitic axis, or backbone of the country. Darwin. We have now come to the backbone of our subject. Earle.

 

3. Firmness; moral principle; steadfastness. Shelley's thought never had any backbone. Shairp. To the backbone, through and through; thoroughly; entirely. "Staunch to the backbone. " Lord Lytton.

 

BACKBONED

BACKBONED Back "boned ", a.

 

Defn: Vertebrate.

 

BACKCAST

Back "cast `, n. Etym: [Back, adv. + cast. ]

 

Defn: Anything which brings misfortune upon one, or causes failure in an effort or enterprise; a reverse. [Scot. ]

 

BACK DOOR

BACK DOOR Back " door ".

 

Defn: A door in the back part of a building; hence, an indirect way. Atterbury.

 

BACKDOOR

BACKDOOR Back "door ", a.

 

Defn: Acting from behind and in concealment; as backdoor intrigues.

 

BACKDOWN

BACKDOWN Back "down `, n.

 

Defn: A receding or giving up; a complete surrender. [Colloq. ]

 

BACKED

BACKED Backed, a.

 

Defn: Having a back; fitted with a back; as, a backed electrotype or stereotype plate. Used in composition; as, broad- backed; hump- backed.

 

BACKER

BACKER Back "er, n.

 

Defn: One who, or that which, backs; especially one who backs a person or thing in a contest.

 

BACKFALL

Back "fall `, n. Etym: [2nd back, n. + fall ]

 

Defn: A fall or throw on the back in wrestling.

 

BACK FIRE

BACK FIRE Back fire. (a ) A fire started ahead of a forest or prairie fire to burn only against the wind, so that when the two fires meet both must go out for lack of fuel. (b ) A premature explosion in the cylinder of a gas or oil engine during the exhaust or the compression stroke, tending to drive the piston in a direction reverse to that in which it should travel; also, an explosion in the exhaust passages of such ah engine.

 

BACK-FIRE

BACK-FIRE Back "-fire `, v. i.

 

1. (Engin. )

 

Defn: To have or experience a back fire or back fires; -- said of an internal-combustion engine.

 

2. Of a Bunsen or similar air-fed burner, to light so that the flame proceeds from the internal gas jet instead of from the external jet of mixed gas and air. -- Back "-fir `ing, n.

 

BACKFRIEND

Back "friend `, n. Etym: [Back, n.or adv. + friend ]

 

Defn: A secret enemy. [Obs. ] South.

 

BACKGAMMON

Back "gam `mon, n. Etym: [Origin unknown; perhaps fr. Dan. bakke tray +E. game; or very likely the first part is from E.back, adv. , and the game is so called because the men are often set back. ]

 

Defn: A game of chance and skill, played by two persons on a "board " marked off into twenty-four spaces called "points ". Each player has fifteen pieces, or "men ", the movements of which from point to point are determined by throwing dice. Formerly called tables. Backgammon board, a board for playing backgammon, often made in the form of two rectangular trays hinged together, each tray containing two "tables ".

 

BACKGAMMON

BACKGAMMON Back "gam `mon, v. i.

 

Defn: In the game of backgammon, to beat by ending the game before the loser is clear of his first "table ".

 

BACKGROUND

Back "ground `, n. Etym: [Back, a. + ground. ]

 

1. Ground in the rear or behind, or in the distance, as opposed to the foreground, or the ground in front.

 

2. (Paint. )

 

Defn: The space which is behind and subordinate to a portrait or group of figures.

 

Note: The distance in a picture is usually divided into foreground, middle distance, and background. Fairholt.

 

3. Anything behind, serving as a foil; as, the statue had a background of red hangings.

 

4. A place in obscurity or retirement, or out of sight. I fancy there was a background of grinding and waiting before Miss Torry could produce this highly finished. .. performance. Mrs. Alexander. A husband somewhere in the background. Thackeray.

 

BACKHAND

Back "hand `, n. Etym: [Back, adv. + hand. ]

 

Defn: A kind of handwriting in which the downward slope of the letters is from left to right.

 

BACKHAND

BACKHAND Back "hand `, a.

 

1. Sloping from left to right; -- said of handwriting.

 

2. Backhanded; indirect; oblique. [R.]

 

BACKHANDED

BACKHANDED Back "hand `ed, a.

 

1. With the hand turned backward; as, a backhanded blow.

 

2. Indirect; awkward; insincere; sarcastic; as, a backhanded compliment.

 

3. Turned back, or inclining to the left; as, a backhanded letters.

 

BACKHANDEDNESS

BACKHANDEDNESS Back "hand `ed *ness, n.

 

Defn: State of being backhanded; the using of backhanded or indirect methods.

 

BACKHANDER

BACKHANDER Back "hand `er, n.

 

Defn: A backhanded blow.

 

BACKHEEL

BACKHEEL Back "heel `, n. (Wrestling )

 

Defn: A method of tripping by getting the leg back of the opponent's heel on the outside and pulling forward while pushing his body back; a throw made in this way. -- v. t.

 

Defn: To trip (a person ) in this way.

 

BACKHOUSE

Back "house `, n. Etym: [Back, a. + house. ]

 

Defn: A building behind the main building. Specifically: A privy; a necessary.

 

BACKING

BACKING Back "ing, n.

 

1. The act of moving backward, or of putting or moving anything backward.

 

2. That which is behind, and forms the back of, anything, usually giving strength or stability.

 

3. Support or aid given to a person or cause.

 

4. (Bookbinding )

 

Defn: The preparation of the back of a book with glue, etc. , before putting on the cover.

 

BACKJOINT

Back "joint `, n. Etym: [Back, a. or adv. + joint. ] (Arch. )

 

Defn: A rebate or chase in masonry left to receive a permanent slab or other filling.

 

BACKLASH

Back "lash `, n. Etym: [Back, adv. + lash. ] (Mech. )

 

Defn: The distance through which one part of connected machinery, as a wheel, piston, or screw, can be moved without moving the connected parts, resulting from looseness in fitting or from wear; also, the jarring or reflex motion caused in badly fitting machinery by irregularities in velocity or a reverse of motion.

 

BACKLESS

BACKLESS Back "less, a.

 

Defn: Without a back.

 

BACKLOG

Back "log `, n. Etym: [Back, a. + log. ]

 

Defn: A large stick of wood, forming the of a fire on the hearth. [U.S.] There was first a backlog, from fifteen to four and twenty inches in diameter and five feet long, imbedded in the ashes. S. G. Goodrich.

 

BACKPIECE; BACKPLATE

Back "piece `, Back "plate `, n. Etym: [Back, n.or a. + piece, plate. ]

 

Defn: A piece, or plate which forms the back of anything, or which covers the back; armor for the back.

 

BACKRACK; BACKRAG

BACKRACK; BACKRAG Back "rack, Back "rag, n.

 

Defn: See Bacharach.

 

BACKS

BACKS Backs, n. pl.

 

Defn: Among leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.

 

BACKSAW

Back "saw `, n. Etym: [2d back, n.+ saw. ]

 

Defn: A saw (as a tenon saw ) whose blade is stiffened by an added metallic back.

 

BACKSET

Back "set `, n. Etym: [Back, adv. + set. ]

 

1. A check; a relapse; a discouragement; a setback.

 

2. Whatever is thrown back in its course, as water. Slackwater, or the backset caused by the overflow. Harper's Mag.

 

BACKSET

BACKSET Back "set `, v. i.

 

Defn: To plow again, in the fall; -- said of prairie land broken up in the spring. [Western U.S.]

 

BACKSETTLER

Back "set "tler, n. Etym: [Back, a. + settler. ]

 

Defn: One living in the back or outlying districts of a community. The English backsettlers of Leinster and Munster. Macaulay.

 

BACKSHEESH; BACKSHISH

Back "sheesh `, Back "shish `, n. Etym: [Pers. bakhshish, fr. bakhshidan to give. ]

 

Defn: In Egypt and the Turkish empire, a gratuity; a "tip ".

 

BACKSIDE

Back "side `, n. Etym: [Back, a. + side. ]

 

Defn: The hinder part, posteriors, or rump of a person or animal.

 

Note: Backside (one word ) was formerly used of the rear part or side of any thing or place, but in such senses is now two words.

 

BACKSIGHT

Back "sight `, n. Etym: [Back, adv. + sight. ] (Surv.)

 

Defn: The reading of the leveling staff in its unchanged position when the leveling instrument has been taken to a new position; a sight directed backwards to a station previously occupied. Cf. Foresight, n., 3.

 

BACKSLIDE

Back `slide ", v. i. [imp. Backslid; p.p. Backslidden, Backslid; p. pr. & vb. n. Backsliding. ] Etym: [Back, adv. + slide. ]

 

Defn: To slide back; to fall away; esp. to abandon gradually the faith and practice of a religion that has been professed.

 

BACKSLIDER

BACKSLIDER Back "slid "er, n.

 

Defn: One who backslides.

 

BACKSLIDING

BACKSLIDING Back "slid "ing, a.

 

Defn: Slipping back; falling back into sin or error; sinning. Turn, O backsliding children, saith the Lord. Jer. iii. 14.

 

BACKSLIDING

BACKSLIDING Back "slid "ing, n.

 

Defn: The act of one who backslides; abandonment of faith or duty. Our backslidings are many. Jer. xiv. 7.

 

BACKSTAFF

BACKSTAFF Back "staff `, n.

 

Defn: An instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the heavenly bodies, but now superseded by the quadrant and sextant; -- so called because the observer turned his back to the body observed.

 

BACK STAIRS

BACK STAIRS Back " stairs `.

 

Defn: Stairs in the back part of a house, as distinguished from the front stairs; hence, a private or indirect way.

 

BACKSTAIRS; BACKSTAIR

BACKSTAIRS; BACKSTAIR Back "stairs `, Back "stair `, a.

 

Defn: Private; indirect; secret; intriguing; as if finding access by the back stairs. A backstairs influence. Burke. Female caprice and backstairs influence. Trevelyan.

 

BACKSTAY

Back "stay `, n. Etym: [Back, a. orn. + stay. ]

 

1. (Naut. )

 

Defn: A rope or stay extending from the masthead to the side of a ship, slanting a little aft, to assist the shrouds in supporting the mast. [ Often used in the plural. ]

 

2. A rope or strap used to prevent excessive forward motion.

 

BACKSTER

Back "ster, n. Etym: [See Baxter. ]

 

Defn: A backer. [Obs. ]

 

BACKSTITCH

Back "stitch `, n. Etym: [Back, adv. + stitch. ]

 

Defn: A stitch made by setting the needle back of the end of the last stitch, and bringing it out in front of the end.

 

BACKSTITCH

BACKSTITCH Back "stitch `, v. i.

 

Defn: To sew with backstitches; as, to backstitch a seam.

 

BACKSTOP

BACKSTOP Back "stop `, n.

 

1. In baseball, a fence, prop. at least 9 feet behind the home base, to stop the balls that pass the catcher; also, the catcher himself.

 

2. In rounders, the player who stands immediately behind the striking base.

 

3. In cricket, the longstop; also, the wicket keeper.

 

BACKSTRESS

BACKSTRESS Back "stress, n.

 

Defn: A female baker. [Obs. ]

 

BACKSWORD

Back "sword `, n. Etym: [2d back, n.+ sword. ]

 

1. A sword with one sharp edge.

 

2. In England, a stick with a basket handle, used in rustic amusements; also, the game in which the stick is used. Also called singlestick. Halliwell.

 

BACKWARD; BACKWARDS

Back "ward, Back "wards, adv. Etym: [Back, adv. + -ward. ]

 

1. With the back in advance or foremost; as, to ride backward.

 

2. Toward the back; toward the rear; as, to throw the arms backward.

 

3. On the back, or with the back downward. Thou wilt fall backward. Shak.

 

4. Toward, or in, past time or events; ago. Some reigns backward. Locke.

 

5. By way of reflection; reflexively. Sir J. Davies.

 

6. From a better to a worse state, as from honor to shame, from religion to sin. The work went backward. Dryden.

 

7. In a contrary or reverse manner, way, or direction; contrarily; as, to read backwards. We might have. .. beat them backward home. Shak.

 

BACKWARD

BACKWARD Back "ward, a.

 

1. Directed to the back or rear; as, backward glances.

 

2. Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; loath. For wiser brutes were backward to be slaves. Pope.

 

3. Not well advanced in learning; not quick of apprehension; dull; inapt; as, a backward child. "The backward learner. " South.

 

4. Late or behindhand; as, a backward season.

 

5. Not advanced in civilization; undeveloped; as, the country or region is in a backward state.

 

6. Already past or gone; bygone. [R.] And flies unconscious o'er each backward year. Byron.

 

BACKWARD

BACKWARD Back "ward, n.

 

Defn: The state behind or past. [Obs. ] In the dark backward and abysm of time. Shak.

 

BACKWARD

BACKWARD Back "ward, v. i.

 

Defn: To keep back; to hinder. [Obs. ]

 

BACKWARDATION

Back `war *da "tion, n. Etym: [Backward, v.i.+ -ation.] (Stock Exchange )

 

Defn: The seller's postponement of delivery of stock or shares, with the consent of the buyer, upon payment of a premium to the latter; -- also, the premium so paid. See Contango. Biddle.

 

BACKWARDLY

BACKWARDLY Back "ward *ly, adv.

 

1. Reluctantly; slowly; aversely. [Obs. ] Sir P. Sidney.

 

2. Perversely; ill. [Obs. ] And does he think so backwardly of me Shak.

 

BACKWARDNESS

BACKWARDNESS Back "ward *ness, n.

 

Defn: The state of being backward.

 

BACKWASH

BACKWASH Back "wash `, v. i.

 

Defn: To clean the oil from (wood ) after combing.

 

BACKWATER

Back "wa `ter, n. Etym: [Back, a. or adv. + -ward. ]

 

1. Water turned back in its course by an obstruction, an opposing current, or the flow of the tide, as in a sewer or river channel, or across a river bar.

 

2. An accumulation of water overflowing the low lands, caused by an obstruction.

 

3. Water thrown back by the turning of a waterwheel, or by the paddle wheels of a steamer.

 

BACKWOODS

Back "woods ", n. pl. Etym: [Back, a. + woods. ]

 

Defn: The forests or partly cleared grounds on the frontiers.

 

BACKWOODSMAN

Back "woods "man, n.; pl. Backwoodsmen (.

 

Defn: A men living in the forest in or beyond the new settlements, especially on the western frontiers of the older portions of the United States. Fisher Ames.

 

BACKWORM

Back "worm `, n. Etym: [2d back, n.+ worm. ]

 

Defn: A disease of hawks. See Filanders. Wright.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

back

back |bak bæk | noun 1 the rear surface of the human body from the shoulders to the hips: he lay on his back | Forbes slapped me on the back | [ as modifier ] : back pain. the corresponding upper surface of an animal's body. the spine of a person or animal. the part of a chair against which the sitter's back rests. the part of a garment that covers a person's back. a person's back regarded as carrying a load or bearing an imposition: they wanted the government off their backs . 2 the side or part of something that is away from the spectator or from the direction in which it moves or faces; the rear: at the back of the hotel is a secluded garden | an empty spot in the back of the plane. [ in sing. ] the position directly behind someone or something: she unbuttoned her dress from the back. the side or part of an object opposed to the one that is normally seen or used; the less active, visible, or important part of something: write on the back of a postcard | he wiped his mouth with the back of his hand. 3 a player in a field game whose initial position is behind the front line: their backs showed some impressive running and passing. the position taken by such a player. adverb 1 toward the rear; in the opposite direction from the one that one is facing or traveling: she moved back a pace | she walked away without looking back. expressing movement of the body into a reclining position: he leaned back in his chair | sit back and relax. at a distance away: I thought you were miles back | the officer pushed the crowd back. (back of ) behind: he knew that other people were back of him. 2 expressing a return to an earlier or normal condition: she put the book back on the shelf | drive to Montreal and back | I went back to sleep | he was given his job back. fashionable again: sideburns are back. 3 in or into the past: he made his fortune back in 1955. at a place previously left or mentioned: the folks back home are counting on him. 4 in return: they wrote back to me. verb 1 [ with obj. ] give financial, material, or moral support to: he had a newspaper empire backing him | go up there and tell them I'll back you up. bet money on (a person or animal ) winning a race or contest: he backed the horse at 33 –1. be in favor of: over 97 percent backed the changes. supplement in order to reinforce or strengthen: U.S. troops were backed up by forces from European countries. 2 [ with obj. ] cover the back of (an object ) in order to support, protect, or decorate it: a mirror backed with tortoiseshell. (esp. in popular music ) provide musical accompaniment to (a singer or musician ): brisk guitar work backed by drums, bass, fiddle, and accordion. put a song or piece of music on the less important side of (a recording ): the new single is backed with a track from the LP. 3 [ no obj. ] walk or drive backward: she tried to back away | backing down the stairs | figurative : the administration backed away from the plan | [ with obj. ] : he backed the Mercedes into the yard. (of the wind ) change direction counterclockwise around the points of the compass: the wind had backed to the northwest. The opposite of veer 1. [ with obj. ] Sailing put (a sail ) aback in order to slow the vessel down. 4 [ no obj. ] (of a property ) have its back adjacent to (a piece of land or body of water ): a row of cottages backed on the water | his garage wall backs onto the neighboring property. [ with obj. ] (usu. be backed ) lie behind or at the back of: the promenade is backed by lots of cafes. adjective [ attrib. ] 1 of or at the back of something: the back garden | the back pocket of his jeans. situated in a remote or subsidiary position: back roads. 2 (esp. of wages or something published or released ) from or relating to the past: she was owed back pay. 3 directed toward the rear or in a reversed course: back currents. 4 Phonetics (of a sound ) articulated at the back of the mouth. PHRASES at someone's back in pursuit or support of someone. back and fill trim the sails of a vessel so that the wind alternately fills and spills out of them, in order to maneuver in a limited space. zigzag or vacillate. back and forth to and fro. someone's back is turned someone's attention is elsewhere: he kissed her quickly, when the landlady's back was turned. the back of (the ) beyond a remote or inaccessible place. the back of one's mind used to express that something is in one's mind but is not consciously thought of or remembered: she had a little nagging worry at the back of her mind. back to front |ˈˌbak tə ˈfrənt |Brit. reversed; backward: the exhausts had been fitted back to front | a back-to-front baseball cap. back through the box see box 1. back water reverse the action of the oars while rowing, causing a boat to slow down or stop. back the wrong horse make a wrong or inappropriate choice. behind someone's back without a person's knowledge and in an unfair or dishonorable way: Carla made fun of him behind his back. get (or put ) someone's back up make someone annoyed or angry. in back at the back of something, esp. a building: my dad demolished an old shed in back of his barn. know something like the back of one's hand be entirely familiar with a place or route. on one's back in bed recovering from an injury or illness. full-length on the ground: he slipped off the heap and landed flat on his back . put one's back into approach (a task ) with vigor. turn one's back on ignore (someone ) by turning away. reject or abandon: she turned her back on her career to devote her life to animals. with one's back to (or up against ) the wall in a desperate situation; hard-pressed. PHRASAL VERBS back down withdraw a claim or assertion in the face of opposition: the contenders backed down from their original pledge. back off draw back from action or confrontation: they backed off from fundamental reform of the system. another way of saying back down. back out withdraw from a commitment: if he backs out of the deal they'll sue him. back up 1 (of vehicles ) form a line due to congestion: the traffic began to back up. 2 (of running water ) accumulate behind an obstruction. back something up Computing make a spare copy of data or a disk. (usu. be backed up ) cause vehicles to form into a queue due to congestion: the traffic was backed up a couple of miles in each direction. ORIGIN Old English bæc, of Germanic origin; related to Middle Dutch and Old Norse bak. The adverb use dates from late Middle English and is a shortening of aback .

 

backache

back ache |ˈbakˌāk ˈbækˌeɪk | noun a prolonged pain in one's back.

 

back alley

back al ley |bæk ˈæli | noun a narrow passage behind or between buildings. adjective [ attrib. ] secret or illegal, as might be found in a back alley: a back-alley drug deal.

 

back-arc

back-arc adjective Geology relating to or denoting the area behind an island arc.

 

backbar

back bar |ˈbakˌbär ˈbækbɑr | noun a structure behind a bar counter, with shelves for holding bottles and other supplies.

 

Back Bay

Back Bay a historic residential and commercial district in western Boston, Massachusetts, on land along the Charles River that was reclaimed in the 19th century.

 

backbeat

back beat |ˈbakˌbēt ˈbækbiːt | noun Music a strong accent on one of the normally unaccented beats of the bar, used esp. in jazz and popular music.

 

backbench

back bench |ˈbakˈbenCH ˈˌbæk ˈbɛntʃ | noun (in the UK ) the benches behind the front benches on either side of the House of Commons, occupied by members of parliament who do not hold office in the government or opposition: [ as modifier ] : backbench MPs. DERIVATIVES back bench er noun

 

backbiting

back bit ing |ˈbakˌbītiNG ˈbækˌbaɪdɪŋ | noun malicious talk about someone who is not present. DERIVATIVES back bite |-ˌbīt |verb, back bit er |-tər |noun

 

backblocks

back |blocks |ˈbakblɒks | plural noun (the backblocks ) Austral. /NZ land in the remote and sparsely inhabited interior: [ as modifier ] : backblocks roads.

 

backboard

back board |ˈbakˌbôrd ˈbækˌbɔ (ə )rd | noun a board placed at or forming the back of something, such as a collage or piece of electronic equipment. Basketball an upright board behind the basket, off which the ball may rebound. a board used to support or straighten a person's back, esp. after an accident.

 

back boiler

back boil ¦er noun Brit. a boiler supplying hot water or heating that is built in behind a fireplace or is an integral part of a gas fire.

 

backbone

back bone |ˈbakˌbōn ˈbækˌboʊn | noun 1 the series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the pelvis; the spine. the spine of a book. Biochemistry the main chain of a polymeric molecule. 2 the chief support of a system or organization; the mainstay: these firms are the backbone of our industrial sector. strength of character; firmness: he has the backbone to see us through this difficulty. 3 Computing & Telecommunications a high-speed, high-capacity digital connection which forms the axis of a local or wide area network.

 

back-breaking

back-break ing |bæk breɪkɪŋ |(also backbreaking ) adjective [ attrib. ] (esp. of manual labor ) physically demanding: a day's back-breaking work.

 

back burner

back burn er noun a state of inaction or suspension; a position of relatively little importance: priorities that have been placed on the back burner year after year. verb [ with obj. ] (usu. be back-burnered ) postpone consideration of or action on: a planned test of the new ale has been back-burnered.

 

backcast

back cast |ˈbakˌkast ˈbækkæst |Fishing noun a backward swing of a fishing line preparatory to casting. verb ( past and past participle backcast ) [ no obj. ] make such a backward swing.

 

back catalog

back cat a log (also back catalogue ) noun all the works previously produced by a recording artist or record company.

 

backchannel

back chan nel |ˈbakˌCHanl ˈbæktʃænl |(also back channel ) noun 1 a secondary or covert route for the passage of information: the agency offered a reliable backchannel to Washington | [ as modifier ] : backchannel briefings. 2 Psychology a sound or gesture made to give continuity to a conversation by a person who is listening to another.

 

backchat

back chat |ˈbakˌCHat ˈbækˌtʃæt | noun another term for back talk.

 

backcomb

back |comb |ˈbakkəʊm | verb [ with obj. ] chiefly Brit. comb (the hair ) from the ends of the strands towards the scalp to make it look thicker.

 

backcountry

back coun try |ˈbakˌkəntrē ˈbækkʌntri | noun (the backcountry ) sparsely inhabited rural areas; wilderness: exploring the backcountry on horseback | [ as modifier ] : backcountry skiing.

 

backcourt

back court |ˈbakˌkôrt ˈbækˌkɔrt | noun (in tennis, basketball, and similar games ) the part of each side of the court nearest the back wall or back boundary line. the defensive players in a basketball team.

 

backcross

back cross |ˈbakˌkrôs ˈbækkrɔs |Genetics verb [ with obj. ] cross (a hybrid ) with one of its parents or an organism with the same genetic characteristics as one of the parents: (as adj. backcrossed ) : after five generations the backcrossed dogs were indistinguishable from purebred dalmatians. [ no obj. ] : they backcrossed with red-flowered parents to reinforce the effect. noun an instance or result of backcrossing.

 

backdate

back date |ˈbakˌdāt ˈbækˌdeɪt | verb [ with obj. ] put an earlier date to (a document or agreement ) than the actual one: they backdated the sale documents to evade a court order.

 

back door

back door |ˈˌbæk ˈdɔ (ə )r | noun the door or entrance at the back of a building. a feature or defect of a computer system that allows surreptitious unauthorized access to data. adjective (also backdoor ) [ attrib. ] (of an activity ) clandestine; underhanded: backdoor private deals.

 

backdoor selling

back door sell ing |ˈbakˌdôr ˌbækdɔr ˈsɛlɪŋ | noun the selling by wholesalers directly to the public, seen as detrimental to retailers.

 

backdown

back down |ˈbakˌdoun ˈbækdaʊn | noun an act of backing down.

 

backdraft

back draft |ˈbakˌdraft ˈbækdræft |(Brit. backdraught ) noun 1 a current of air or water that flows backward down a chimney, pipe, etc. 2 a phenomenon in which a fire that has consumed all available oxygen suddenly explodes when more oxygen is made available, typically because a door or window has been opened. DERIVATIVES back draft ing noun

 

backdrop

back drop |ˈbakˌdräp ˈbækˌdrɑp | noun a painted cloth hung at the back of a theater stage as part of the scenery. the setting or background for a scene, event, or situation: the conference took place against a backdrop of increasing diplomatic activity. verb ( backdrops, backdropping, backdropped ) provide a background or setting for: an ornate fountain, and at its center, backdropped with golden spray, a statue of a young girl.

 

back end

back end |bæk ɛnd | noun the end of something that is farthest from the front or the working end: the back end of the car swung around. chiefly Brit. the latter part of a period of time or process: the book takes us up to the back end of last year. adjective [ attrib. ] 1 relating to the end or outcome of a project, process, or investment: many annuities have back-end surrender charges. 2 Computing denoting a subordinate processor or program, not directly accessed by the user, which performs a specialized function on behalf of a main processor or software system: a back-end database server.

 

backer

back er |ˈbakər ˈbækər | noun a person, institution, or country that supports something, esp. financially: $3.3 million was provided by the project's backers. a person who bets on a horse.

 

back-fanged

back-fanged adjective Zoology (of a snake such as a boomslang ) having the rear one or two pairs of teeth modified as fangs, with grooves to conduct the venom. Compare with front-fanged.

 

back fat

back fat noun fat on the back of a meat-producing animal.

 

backfield

back field |ˈbakˌfēld ˈbækˌfild | noun Football the area of play behind either the offensive or defensive line. the players positioned in this area.

 

backfill

back fill |ˈbakˌfil ˈbækfɪl | verb [ with obj. ] refill (an excavated hole ) with the material dug out of it: they backfill the hole to street level. noun material used for backfilling.

 

backfire

back fire |ˈbakˌfī (ə )r ˈbækˌfaɪ (ə )r | verb [ no obj. ] 1 (of an engine ) undergo a mistimed explosion in the cylinder or exhaust: a car backfired in the road. 2 (of a plan or action ) rebound adversely on the originator; have the opposite effect to what was intended: overzealous publicity backfired on her. noun |ˈbakfʌɪə | 1 a mistimed explosion in the cylinder or exhaust of a vehicle or engine. 2 a fire set intentionally to arrest the progress of an approaching fire by creating a burned area in its path, thus depriving the fire of fuel.

 

backfist

back |fist noun (in martial arts ) a punch made with the back of the fist.

 

backflip

back flip |ˈbakˌflip ˈbækflɪp | noun a backward somersault done in the air with the arms and legs stretched out straight.

 

back focus

back fo cus noun Photography the distance between the back of a lens and the image of an object at infinity.

 

back-formation

back-for ma tion |ˈˌbæk ˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən | noun a word that is formed from an already existing word from which it appears to be a derivative, often by removal of a suffix (e.g., laze from lazy and edit from editor ). the process by which such words are formed.

 

backgammon

back gam mon |ˈbakˌgamən ˈbækˌɡæmən | noun a board game in which two players move their pieces around twenty-four triangular points according to the throw of dice, the winner being the first to remove all their pieces from the board. the most complete form of win in this game. ORIGIN mid 17th cent.: from back + gammon 2 .

 

background

back ground |ˈbakˌground ˈbækˌɡraʊnd | noun 1 [ in sing. ] the area or scenery behind the main object of contemplation, esp. when perceived as a framework for it: the house stands against a background of sheltering trees. the part of a picture or design that serves as a setting to the main figures or objects, or that appears furthest from the viewer: the background shows a landscape of domes and minarets | the word is written in white on a red background. a position or function that is not prominent or conspicuous: after that evening, Athens remained in the background . Computing used to describe tasks or processes running on a computer that do not need input from the user: programs can be left running in the background. Physics low-intensity radiation from radioisotopes present in the natural environment. unwanted signals, such as noise in the reception or recording of sound. 2 the circumstances or situation prevailing at a particular time or underlying a particular event: the political and economic background | [ as modifier ] : background information. a person's education, experience, and social circumstances: she has a background in nursing | a mix of students from many different backgrounds.

 

backgrounder

back ground er |ˈbakˌgroundər ˈbækɡraʊndər | noun an official briefing or handout giving background information: their departure had to be explained by aides in a backgrounder the next day.

 

background music

back ground mu sic noun music intended as an unobtrusive accompaniment to some activity, such as dining in a restaurant, or to provide atmosphere in a movie.

 

background radiation

back ground ra di a tion noun Astronomy the uniform microwave radiation remaining from the Big Bang.

 

backhand

back hand |ˈbakˌhand ˈbækˌhænd | noun 1 (in tennis and other racket sports ) a stroke played with the back of the hand facing in the direction of the stroke, typically starting with the arm crossing the body: he drove a backhand into the net | [ as modifier ] : a backhand volley. a blow or stroke of any kind made in this way, or in a direction opposite to the usual: ground balls hit to my backhand | [ as modifier ] : he made a backhand stop of the ball. 2 handwriting that slopes to the left. verb [ with obj. ] strike with a backhanded blow or stroke: in a flash, he backhanded Ace across the jaw.

 

backhanded

back hand ed |bakˈhandid bækˈhændɪd | adjective 1 made with the back of the hand facing in the direction of movement: a backhanded pass. 2 indirect; ambiguous or insincere: coming from me, teasing is a backhanded compliment . adverb with the back of the hand or with the hand turned backward: Frank hit him backhanded.

 

backhander

back hand er |ˈbakˌhandər ˈbækˌhændər | noun 1 a backhand stroke or shot in a game. a blow made with the back of the hand. 2 Brit. informal a secret payment, typically one made illegally; a bribe.

 

backhaul

back haul |ˈbakˌhôl ˈbækhɔl | noun 1 cargo carried on a return journey. 2 an unedited video transmission via satellite or other means to a network or station. a frequency on which such transmissions occur. verb carry (freight ) on a return journey.

 

back-heel

back-heel verb [ with obj. ] kick (something ) backwards with the heel: Johnson back-heeled the ball.

 

backhoe

back hoe |ˈbakˌhō ˈbækhoʊ |(Brit. also backhoe loader ) noun a mechanical excavator that draws toward itself a bucket attached to a hinged boom.

 

backing

back ing |ˈbakiNG ˈbækɪŋ | noun 1 support or help: he accepted the backing of the police group | they had financial backing from local firms. a layer of material that forms, protects, or strengthens the back of something: the fabric has a special backing for durability. (esp. in popular music ) the music or singing that accompanies the main singer or soloist: the trio provided backing to some of the most popular vocalists of the day | [ as modifier ] : backing vocals. 2 Phonetics the movement of the place of formation of a sound toward the back of the mouth.

 

backing store

back |ing store noun Computing a device for secondary storage of data that typically has greater capacity than the primary store but is slower to access.

 

backing track

back ing track noun a recorded musical accompaniment, esp. for a soloist to play or sing along with.

 

back issue

back is sue |bæk ˈɪʃ (j )u | noun a past issue of a journal or magazine.

 

backland

back land |ˈbakˌland ˈbæklænd | noun 1 (also backlands ) another term for backcountry. 2 land behind or beyond an area that is built on or otherwise developed.

 

backlash

back lash |ˈbakˌlaSH ˈbækˌlæʃ | noun 1 [ in sing. ] a strong and adverse reaction by a large number of people, esp. to a social or political development: a public backlash against racism. 2 recoil arising between parts of a mechanism. degree of play between parts of a mechanism.

 

backless

back less |ˈbaklis ˈbækləs | adjective (of a woman's garment ) cut low at the back: a backless Lycra dress.

 

backlift

backlift noun (in sport ) a backward movement of the bat or leg before playing a stroke or kicking the ball.

 

backlight

back light |ˈbakˌlīt ˈbaklʌɪt | noun illumination from behind. verb ( past backlit; past participle backlit or backlighted ) [ with obj. ] illuminate from behind: she was backlit by the morning sun | (as adj. backlit ) : a backlit LCD screen. DERIVATIVES back light ing noun

 

backline

back |line |ˈbaklʌɪn | noun 1 a line marking the back of something, especially the area of play in a game. Rugby the players lined out across the field behind a scrum or line-out. 2 the amplifiers used by a popular music group for guitars and other instruments, typically placed across the back of the stage.

 

backlist

back list |ˈbakˌlist ˈbækˌlɪst | noun a publisher's list of older books still in print.

 

backload

back load |ˈbakˌlōd ˈbækloʊd | verb [ with obj. ] (usu. be backloaded ) place more charges at the later stages of (a financial agreement ) than at the earlier stages.

 

backlog

back log |ˈbakˌlôg, -ˌläg ˈbækˌlɔɡ ˈbækˌlɑɡ | noun an accumulation of something, esp. uncompleted work or matters that need to be dealt with: the company took on extra staff to clear the backlog of work.

 

backlot

back lot |ˈbakˌlät ˈbæklɑːt | noun an outdoor area in a movie studio where large exterior sets are made and some outside scenes are filmed.

 

backmarker

back |mark ¦er |ˈbakmɑːkə | noun Brit. a competitor who is among the last in a race.

 

back number

back num ber |ˈˌbæk ˈnəmbər | noun an issue of a periodical earlier than the current one. informal a person or thing seen as old-fashioned.

 

back office

back of fice noun an office or center in which the administrative work of a business is carried out, as opposed to its dealings with customers.

 

backorder

back or der |ˈbakˌôrdər ˈbækˌɔrdər | noun a retailer's order for a product that is temporarily out of stock with the supplier: the phone I wanted was on backorder . verb [ with obj. ] place an order for (a product ) that is temporarily out of stock. the item was backordered by our distributor.

 

backpack

back pack |ˈbakˌpak ˈbækˌpæk | noun a bag with shoulder straps that allow it to be carried on one's back. a load or piece of equipment carried on a person's back: a two-tank scuba backpack. verb [ no obj. ] (usu. as noun backpacking ) travel or hike carrying one's belongings in a backpack: a week's backpacking in the Pyrenees | he has backpacked around the world. DERIVATIVES back pack er noun

 

back pass

back pass noun Soccer a deliberate pass to one's own goalkeeper (who is not allowed to pick up the ball if the pass was kicked ).

 

back passage

back pas |sage noun Brit., euphemistic the rectum.

 

back pay

back pay noun payment for work done in the past that was withheld at the time, or for work that could have been done had the worker not been prevented from doing so: Hickman should be provided back pay plus any expenses.

 

backpedal

back ped al |ˈbakˌpedl ˈbækpɛdl | verb ( backpedals, backpedaling, backpedaled; Brit. backpedals, backpedalling, backpedalled ) [ no obj. ] move the pedals of a bicycle backward in order to brake. move hastily backward: backpedaling furiously, he flipped a perfect pass. reverse one's previous action or opinion: you've criticized him for backpedaling on budget reform.

 

backplane

back plane |ˈbakˌplān ˈbækpleɪn | noun a board to which the main circuit boards of a computer may be connected and that provides connections between them.

 

backplate

back plate |ˈbakˌplāt ˈbækpleɪt | noun a plate placed at or forming the back of something.

 

back-projection

back-pro jec tion |ˈˌbæk prəˈʤɛkʃən | noun another term for rear projection.

 

backrest

back rest |ˈbakˌrest ˈbækˌrɛst | noun a support for a person's back when the person is seated.

 

backronym

back ro nym |ˈbakrəˌnim ˈbækrənɪm | noun a fanciful expansion of an existing acronym or word, such as port out, starboard home for posh . ORIGIN blend of back and acronym .

 

back room

back room |ˈˌbæk ˈrum | noun a place where secret, administrative, or supporting work is done: this would lead to weak government and deals in back rooms | [ as modifier ] : back-room strategists.

 

back row

back row noun [ treated as sing. or pl. ] Rugby the forwards who are in the third row in a scrum. DERIVATIVES back-rower noun

 

backsaw

back saw |ˈbakˌsô ˈbæksɔ | noun a type of saw with a reinforced back edge that keeps the thin blade from being distorted.

 

backscatter

back scat ter |ˈbakˌskatər ˈbækskædər | noun Physics deflection of radiation or particles through an angle of 180 °. radiation or particles that have been deflected in this way. Photography light from a flashgun or other light source that is deflected directly into a lens: backscatter causes an underexposed picture with a blizzard effect. verb [ with obj. ] Physics deflect (radiation or particles ) through an angle of 180 °: (as adj. backscattered ) : backscattered sound reaches the sonar receiver.

 

backscratcher

back scratch er |ˈbakˌskraCHər ˈbækˌskrætʃər | noun a rod terminating in a clawed hand for scratching one's own back.

 

backscratching

back scratch ing |ˈbakˌskraCHiNG ˈbækskrætʃɪŋ | noun the mutual providing of favors or services, esp. when the legitimacy of such dealings is doubtful: the friendship thrives on little more than mutual backscratching.

 

back seat

back seat |ˈˌbæk ˈsit |(also backseat ) noun a seat at the back of a vehicle. PHRASES take a back seat take or be given a less important position or role: printed words will take a back seat to TV and video screens.

 

backseat driver

back seat driv er |ˈbakˈsēt ˌbæksit ˈdraɪvər | noun a passenger in a car who gives the driver unwanted advice. a person who is eager to advise without responsibility. DERIVATIVES back seat driv ing noun

 

backshift

back shift |ˈbakˌSHift ˈbækʃɪft | noun Grammar the changing of a present tense in direct speech to a past tense in reported speech (or a past tense to pluperfect ).

 

backside

back side |ˈbakˌsīd ˈbækˌsaɪd | noun informal a person's buttocks or rump. the rear side or view of a thing: the backside of the hill. adjective (of a maneuver in surfing and other board sports ) done clockwise for a regular rider and counterclockwise for a goofy rider.

 

backsight

back |sight |ˈbaksʌɪt | noun 1 the sight of a rifle or other weapon that is nearer the eye of the person aiming. 2 Surveying a sight or reading taken backwards or towards the point of starting.

 

back slang

back slang |ˈˌbæk ˈslæŋ | noun slang in which words are spoken as though they were spelled backward (e.g., redraw for warder ).

 

backslapping

back slap ping |ˈbakˌslapiNG ˈbækˌslæpɪŋ | noun the action of effusively congratulating or encouraging someone, typically by slapping a person's back: effusive displays of backslapping and arm-punching. adjective vigorously hearty: those cheerful, backslapping journalists. DERIVATIVES back slap verb & noun, back slap per noun

 

backslash

back slash |ˈbakˌslaSH ˈbækˌslæʃ | noun Computing a backward-sloping diagonal line (\), used to separate file and folder names in some path statements.

 

backslide

back slide |ˈbakˌslīd ˈbækslaɪd | verb ( past backslid; past participle backslid or archaic backslidden |-ˌslidn | ) [ no obj. ] relapse into bad ways or error: converted vegetarians backslide to T-bones | (as noun backsliding ) : there would be no backsliding from the administration's sound policies. DERIVATIVES back slid er noun

 

backspace

back space |ˈbakˌspās ˈbækˌspeɪs | noun 1 a key on a typewriter or computer keyboard that causes the carriage or cursor to move backward. 2 a device on a video recorder or camcorder that produces a slight backward run between shots to eliminate disturbance caused by the interruption of the scanning process. verb [ no obj. ] move a typewriter carriage or computer cursor back one or more spaces.

 

backspin

back spin |ˈbakˌspin ˈbækˌspɪn | noun a backward spin given to a moving ball, causing it to stop more quickly or rebound at a steeper angle on hitting a surface.

 

backsplash

back splash |ˈbakˌsplaSH ˈbæksplæʃ | noun a panel behind a sink or stove that protects the wall from splashes.

 

backstabbing

back stab bing |ˈbakˌstabiNG ˈbækstæbɪŋ | noun the action or practice of criticizing someone in a treacherous manner while feigning friendship. adjective (of a person ) behaving in such a way. DERIVATIVES back stab verb, back stab ber noun

 

backstage

back stage |bakˈstāj bækˈsteɪʤ | noun the area in a theater out of view of the audience, esp. in the wings or dressing rooms: backstage was the scene of pleasant pandemonium. adjective |bækˈsteɪ |of, relating to, or situated in the area behind the stage in a theater: a backstage tour of the opera house. kept from public scrutiny; secret: backstage deals. adverb in or to the backstage area in a theater: I went backstage after the show. not known to the public; in secret: we planned our strategies backstage.

 

backstairs

back stairs |ˈbakˈste (ə )rz ˈˌbækˈstɛ (ə )rz | plural noun stairs at the back or side of a building. adjective [ attrib. ] underhanded or clandestine: I won't make backstairs deals with politicians.

 

backstamp

back |stamp noun a mark stamped on the back of a plate or a letter.

 

backstay

back stay |ˈbakˌstā ˈbæksteɪ | noun a stay on a sailing ship leading downward and aft from the top or upper part of a mast.

 

backstitch

back stitch |ˈbakˌstiCH ˈbækˌstɪtʃ | noun sewing with overlapping stitches. verb sew using backstitches: [ with obj. ] : you can simply backstitch the edges | [ no obj. ] : this method avoids having to backstitch through open loops.

 

backstop

back stop |ˈbakˌstäp ˈbækstɑp | noun a person or thing placed at the rear of or behind something as a barrier, support, or reinforcement: bullets volleyed into the backstop of a flood-control canal. Baseball a high fence or similar structure behind the home plate area. Baseball, informal a catcher: he tore the chest protector completely off the big Yankee backstop. an emergency precaution or last resort: the human operator has to act as the ultimate backstop when things go badly wrong. verb [ with obj. ] Baseball act as backstop for. Hockey act as goaltender for. support or reinforce: the founding banks were backstopping the loans.

 

backstory

back sto ry |ˈbakˌstôrē ˈbækstɔːri | noun ( pl. backstories ) a history or background created for a fictional character in a motion picture or television program. similar background information about a real person or thing that promotes fuller understanding of it: the little-known backstory about the theory of evolution.

 

back straight

back straight noun Brit. the part of a racecourse that is furthest from the grandstand and parallel to the home straight.

 

backstreet

back street |ˈbakˌstrēt ˈbækˈˌstrit | noun a minor street remote from a main road: the fetid backstreets of the shanty town | [ as modifier ] : a backstreet garage. adjective [ attrib. ] operating or performed secretly, and typically illegally: a loophole that allowed backstreet chemists to make methamphetamine.

 

backstretch

back stretch |ˈbakˈstreCH ˈbækˈˌstrɛtʃ | noun the part of a racecourse that is farthest from the grandstand and parallel to the homestretch. the area adjacent to a racetrack where the horses are stabled and stable employees have temporary living accommodations.

 

backstroke

back stroke |ˈbakˌstrōk ˈbækˌstroʊk | noun [ in sing. ] a swimming stroke performed on the back with the arms lifted alternately out of the water in a backward circular motion and the legs extended and kicking: I concentrated on the backstroke most of the time | [ as modifier ] : I won the backstroke and breaststroke events | [ as adv. ] : they would swim freestyle and then backstroke. (the backstroke ) a race, typically of a specified length or kind, in which such a style of swimming is used: he was fifth in the 200 -meter backstroke. DERIVATIVES back strok er noun

 

backswept

back swept |ˈbakˌswept ˈbækswɛpt | adjective swept, slanted, or sloped backward: his backswept hair.

 

backswimmer

back swim mer |ˈbakˌswimər ˈbækswɪmər | noun a predatory aquatic bug that swims on its back using its long back legs as oars. It is able to capture large prey such as tadpoles and fish. See also water boatman. [Family Notonectidae, suborder Heteroptera: Notonecta and other genera. ]

 

backswing

back swing |ˈbakˌswiNG ˈbækswɪŋ | noun a backward swing, esp. of an arm or of a golf club when about to hit a ball.

 

backsword

back sword |ˈbakˌsôrd ˈbækswɔrd | noun a sword with only one cutting edge.

 

back talk

back talk |ˈbæk ˌtɔk |(also backtalk ) noun informal rude or impertinent remarks made in reply to someone in authority: no back talk, I'm warning you.

 

back-to-back

back-to-back |ˈˌbæk tə ˈbæk | adjective consecutive: back-to-back homers in a major league baseball game. adverb ( back to back ) 1 (of two people ) facing in opposite directions with backs touching: they sat on the ground, leaning back to back. 2 consecutively; in succession: the games were played back to back.

 

back-to-nature

back-to-na ture adjective [ attrib. ] advocating or relating to reversion to a simpler way of life: a back-to-nature lifestyle.

 

backtrack

back track |ˈbakˌtrak ˈbækˌtræk | verb 1 [ no obj. ] retrace one's steps: she had to bypass two closer farms and backtrack to them later | figurative : to backtrack a little, the case is a complex one. reverse one's previous action or opinion: the unions have had to backtrack on their demands. 2 [ with obj. ] pursue, trace, or monitor: he was able to backtrack the buck to a ridge nearby.

 

backup

back up |ˈbakˌəp ˈbækˌəp | noun 1 help or support: no police backup could be expected. a person or thing that can be called on if necessary; a reserve: I've got a security force as backup | the filter is an excellent backup to other systems | [ as modifier ] : a backup generator. 2 Computing the procedure for making extra copies of data in case the original is lost or damaged: automatic online backup | [ as modifier ] : a backup system. a copy of this type. 3 an overflow caused by a stoppage, as in water or automobile traffic: there are long backups on all routes.

 

backup light

back up light |ˈbækˌəp laɪt | noun a light at the rear of a vehicle that comes on when the vehicle is in reverse gear.

 

backveld

backveld |ˈbakfɛlt | noun (the backveld ) S. African remote country districts, especially when considered to be unsophisticated or conservative. DERIVATIVES backvelder noun ORIGIN partial translation of Afrikaans agterveld, literally back countryside .

 

backward

back ward |ˈbakwərd ˈbækwərd | adjective 1 [ attrib. ] directed behind or to the rear: she left the room without a backward glance | a gradual backward movement. looking toward the past, rather than being progressive; retrograde: he said the decision was a backward step. 2 (of a person ) having learning difficulties: a lively child but a bit backward. having made less than normal progress: economically backward countries. adverb (also backwards ) 1 (of a movement ) away from one's front; in the direction of one's back: he took a step backward | Harry suddenly fell backward into a somersault. in reverse of the usual direction or order: counting backward | baseball caps turned backward. 2 toward or into the past: a loving look backward at his early life. toward or into a worse state: a giant step backward for child-centered education. PHRASES backward and forward in both directions alternately; to and fro. bend (or lean ) over backward to do something informal make every effort, esp. to be fair or helpful: Jensen bent over backward to be fair. know something backward ( and forward ) be entirely familiar with something. DERIVATIVES back ward ly adverb, back ward ness noun ORIGIN Middle English: from earlier abackward, from aback . usage: In US English, the adverb form is sometimes spelled backwards ( the ladder fell backwards ), but the adjective is almost always backward ( a backward glance ). Directional words using the suffix -ward tend to have no s ending in US English, although backwards is more common than afterwards, towards, or forwards. The s ending often (but not always ) appears in the phrases backwards and forwards and bending over backwards. In British English, the spelling backwards is more common than backward .

 

backwardation

back ¦ward |ation |bakwəˈdeɪʃ (ə )n | noun [ mass noun ] Stock Exchange, Brit. a situation in which the spot or cash price of a commodity is higher than the forward price. Often contrasted with contango. a situation in which the offer price for stock is lower than the bid. historical a percentage paid by a person selling stock for the right of delaying its delivery.

 

backward classes

backward classes plural noun Indian the members of a caste or community who are recommended for special help in education and employment.

 

backward-compatible

back ward-com pat i ble (also backwards-compatible ) adjective (of computer hardware or software ) able to be used with an older piece of hardware or software without special adaptation or modification. DERIVATIVES back ward com pat i bil i ty noun

 

backward-looking

backward-looking adjective opposing progress and innovation; reactionary.

 

backwash

back wash |ˈbakˌwôSH, -ˌwäSH ˈbækˌwɔʃ ˈbækˌwɑʃ | noun the motion of receding waves. a backward current of water or air created by the motion of an object through it: the backwash of a truck on the highway. repercussions: the backwash of the Cuban missile crisis. verb [ with obj. ] clean (a filter ) by reversing the flow of fluid through it.

 

backwater

back wa ter |ˈbakˌwôtər, -ˌwätər ˈbækˌwɔdər | noun a part of a river not reached by the current, where the water is stagnant: the eels inhabit backwaters. an isolated or peaceful place: a sleepy Midwest backwater. a place or condition in which no development or progress is taking place: the country remained an economic backwater.

 

backwind

back wind |ˈbakˌwind ˈbækwɪnd |Sailing verb [ with obj. ] (of a sail or vessel ) deflect a flow of air into the back of (another sail or vessel ). noun a flow of air deflected into the back of a sail.

 

backwoods

back woods |ˈbakˈwo͝odz ˈbækˈˌwʊdz | plural noun [ often as modifier ] remote uncleared forest land: backwoods homesteads. a remote or sparsely inhabited region, esp. one considered backward. DERIVATIVES back woods man |-mən |noun

 

backyard

back yard |ˈbakˈyärd ˈˌbækˈjɑrd | noun 1 a yard behind a house or other building, typically surrounded by a fence: a tree-shaded succession of backyards | [ as modifier ] : a casual backyard party. 2 the area close to where one lives, or the territory close to a particular country, regarded with proprietorial concern: anything was preferable to a nuclear dump in their own backyard .

 

Oxford Dictionary

back

back |bak | noun 1 the rear surface of the human body from the shoulders to the hips: he lay on his back | [ as modifier ] : back pain. the upper surface of an animal's body that corresponds to a person's back. the spine of a person or animal. the main structure of a ship's hull or an aircraft's fuselage. the part of a garment that covers a person's back. a person's back regarded as carrying a load or bearing an imposition: the Press are on my back . 2 the side or part of something that is away from the spectator or from the direction in which it moves or faces; the rear: at the back of the hotel is a secluded garden | a rubber dinghy with an engine at the back. the position directly behind someone or something: she unbuttoned her dress from the back. the side or part of an object that is not normally seen or used: write on the back of a postcard. the part of a chair against which the sitter's back rests. 3 a player in a team game who plays in a defensive position behind the forwards. the position taken by a back in a team game. See centre back, full back, half back, running back. 4 ( the Backs ) the grounds of Cambridge colleges which back on to the River Cam. adverb 1 in the opposite direction from the one that one is facing or travelling towards: he moved back a pace | she walked away without looking back. expressing movement of the body into a reclining position: he leaned back in his chair | sit back and relax. at a distance away: keep back from the roadside. (back of ) N. Amer. informal behind: he knew that other people were back of him. N. Amer. informal losing by a specified margin: the team was five points back. 2 so as to return to an earlier or normal position or condition: she put the book back on the shelf | he drove to Glasgow and back in a day | things were back to normal. at a place previously left or mentioned: the folks back home are counting on him. fashionable again: sideburns are back. 3 in or into the past: he made his fortune back in 1955. 4 in return: they wrote back to me. verb 1 [ with obj. ] give financial, material, or moral support to: he had a newspaper empire backing him | his mother backed him up on everything. supplement in order to strengthen: firefighters, backed up by helicopters and planes, fought to bring the flames under control. bet money on (a person or animal ) winning a race or contest: he backed the horse at 33 –1. 2 [ with obj. ] cover the back of (an article ) in order to support, protect, or decorate it: a mirror backed with tortoiseshell. 3 [ no obj., with adverbial of direction ] walk or drive backwards: she tried to back away | figurative : the government backed away from the plan | [ with obj. ] : he backed the Mercedes into the yard. [ no obj. ] (of the wind ) change direction anticlockwise around the points of the compass: the wind had backed to the north-west. The opposite of veer 1. [ with obj. ] Sailing put (a sail ) aback in order to slow the vessel down or assist in turning through the wind. 4 [ no obj. ] (back on /on to ) (of a building or other structure ) have its back facing or adjacent to: his garage wall backs on to the neighbouring property. [ with obj. ] lie behind or at the back of: the promenade is backed by lots of cafes. put a piece of music on the less important side of (a vinyl recording ): the new single is backed with a track from the LP. 5 (in popular music ) provide musical accompaniment to (a singer or musician ): on his new album he is backed by an American group. adjective [ attrib. ] 1 of or at the back of something: the back garden | the back pocket of his jeans. in a remote or subsidiary position: back roads. 2 from or relating to the past: she was owed back pay. 3 directed towards the rear or in a reversed course: a back header. 4 Phonetics (of a sound ) articulated at the back of the mouth. PHRASES at someone's back in pursuit or support of someone. back and forth to and fro. back in the day in the past; some time ago: back in the day, he'd had one of the greatest minds I'd ever come across. one's back is turned one's attention is elsewhere: he kissed her quickly, when the landlady's back was turned. the back of beyond a very remote or inaccessible place. back o'Bourke Austral. informal the outback. [from the name of a town in north-west New South Wales. ] the back of one's mind used to express that something is in one's mind but is not consciously thought of or remembered: she had a little nagging worry at the back of her mind. back someone into a corner force someone into a difficult situation: I was backed into a corner there was no way out. back to front Brit. with the back at the front and the front at the back: the exhausts had been fitted back to front. back water reverse the action of a boat's oars to slow down or stop. back the wrong horse make a wrong or inappropriate choice. behind someone's back without a person's knowledge and in an unfair way: Carla made fun of him behind his back. get (or put ) someone's back up make someone annoyed or angry. in back N. Amer. at the back of something, especially a building: my dad demolished a shed in back of his barn. know something like the back of one's hand be entirely familiar with a place or route. on one's back in bed recovering from an injury or illness. put one's back into approach (a task ) with vigour. turn one's back on ignore (someone ) by turning away from them. reject or abandon (a person or thing that one was previously involved with ). with one's back to (or up against ) the wall in a desperate situation. PHRASAL VERBS back down withdraw a claim or assertion in the face of opposition: party leaders backed down and rescinded the resolution. back off draw back from action or confrontation: they backed off from fundamental reform of the system. N. Amer. back down. back out withdraw from a commitment: if he backs out of the deal they'll sue him. back up 1 (of vehicles ) form into a queue due to congestion. 2 (of running water ) accumulate behind an obstruction. back something up 1 Computing make a spare copy of data or a disk. 2 cause vehicles to form into a queue due to congestion: the traffic was backed up a mile in each direction. DERIVATIVES backmost adjective ORIGIN Old English bæc, of Germanic origin; related to Middle Dutch and Old Norse bak. The adverb use dates from late Middle English and is a shortening of aback .

 

backache

back |ache |ˈbakeɪk | noun [ mass noun ] prolonged pain in one's back: a cure for backache.

 

back alley

back alley noun a narrow passage behind or between buildings. [ as modifier ] secret and illegal: a back-alley abortion.

 

back-arc

back-arc adjective Geology relating to or denoting the area behind an island arc.

 

backbar

back |bar |ˈbakbɑː | noun chiefly US a structure behind a bar counter, with shelves for holding bottles, other supplies, and equipment.

 

Back Bay

Back Bay a historic residential and commercial district in western Boston, Massachusetts, on land along the Charles River that was reclaimed in the 19th century.

 

backbeat

back |beat |ˈbakbiːt | noun Music a strong accent on one of the normally unaccented beats of the bar, used especially in jazz and popular music.

 

backbencher

back |bench ¦er |bakˈbɛntʃə (r )| noun (in the UK ) a Member of Parliament who does not hold office in the government or opposition and who sits behind the front benches in the House of Commons. DERIVATIVES backbench adjective

 

backbiting

back |bit ¦ing |ˈbakbʌɪtɪŋ | noun [ mass noun ] malicious talk about someone who is not present. DERIVATIVES backbite verb, backbiter noun

 

backblocks

back |blocks |ˈbakblɒks | plural noun (the backblocks ) Austral. /NZ land in the remote and sparsely inhabited interior: [ as modifier ] : backblocks roads.

 

backboard

back |board |ˈbakbɔːd | noun a board placed at or forming the back of something, such as a piece of electronic equipment. a board used to support or straighten a person's back, especially after an accident. Basketball an upright board behind the basket, off which the ball may rebound.

 

back boiler

back boil ¦er noun Brit. a boiler supplying hot water or heating that is built in behind a fireplace or is an integral part of a gas fire.

 

backbone

back |bone |ˈbakbəʊn | noun 1 the series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the pelvis; the spine. US the spine of a book. Biochemistry the main chain of a polymeric molecule. 2 the chief support of a system or organization: these firms are the backbone of our industrial sector. [ mass noun ] strength of character: he has enough backbone to see us through this difficulty. 3 Computing & Telecommunications a high-speed, high-capacity digital connection which forms the axis of a local or wide area network.

 

back-breaking

back-breaking adjective (of manual labour ) physically demanding: a day's back-breaking work.

 

back-burner

back-burner verb [ with obj. ] US postpone consideration of or action on: a planned test of the new ale has been back-burnered. PHRASES on the back burner see burner.

 

backcast

back |cast |ˈbakkɑːst | noun a backward swing of a fishing line preparatory to casting. verb ( past and past participle backcast ) [ no obj. ] make a backcast.

 

back catalogue

back cata |logue noun all the works previously produced by a recording artist or record company: the owner of the Elvis Presley back catalogue.

 

backchannel

back |channel |ˈbaktʃanl | noun 1 a secondary or covert route for the passage of information: we used him as a diplomatic backchannel. 2 Psychology a sound or gesture made to give continuity to a conversation by a person who is listening to another.

 

backchat

back |chat |ˈbaktʃat | noun [ mass noun ] Brit. informal rude or cheeky remarks made in reply to someone in authority.

 

backcloth

back |cloth |ˈbakklɒθ | noun Brit. another term for backdrop.

 

backcomb

back |comb |ˈbakkəʊm | verb [ with obj. ] chiefly Brit. comb (the hair ) from the ends of the strands towards the scalp to make it look thicker.

 

backcountry

back |coun ¦try |ˈbakkʌntri | noun (the backcountry ) chiefly N. Amer. sparsely inhabited rural areas.

 

backcourt

back |court |ˈbakkɔːt | noun 1 (in tennis, basketball, and other games ) the part of each side of the court nearest the back wall or back boundary line. 2 the defensive players in a basketball team. 3 (especially in Glasgow ) a courtyard behind a house or tenement.

 

backcrawl

back |crawl |ˈbakkrɔːl | noun another term for backstroke.

 

backcross

backcross Genetics verb [ with obj. ] cross (a hybrid ) with one of its parents or an organism with the same genetic characteristics as one of the parents. noun an instance or result of backcrossing.

 

backdate

back |date |bakˈdeɪt | verb [ with obj. ] Brit. make (something, especially a pay increase ) retrospectively valid: the 4 per cent increase was backdated to June. put an earlier date to (a document ) than the actual one.

 

back door

back door noun the rear door of a building. [ as modifier ] achieved by using indirect or dishonest means: a back-door tax increase. a feature or defect of a computer system that allows surreptitious unauthorized access to data. PHRASES by (or through ) the back door using indirect or dishonest means to achieve an objective.

 

backdoor selling

back door sell ing |ˈbakˌdôr ˌbækdɔr ˈsɛlɪŋ | noun the selling by wholesalers directly to the public, seen as detrimental to retailers.

 

backdown

back |down |ˈbakdaʊn | noun an act of backing down.

 

backdraught

backdraught |ˈbakdrɑːft |(US backdraft ) noun 1 a current of air or water that flows backwards down a chimney, pipe, etc. 2 a phenomenon in which a fire that has consumed all available oxygen suddenly explodes when more oxygen is made available, typically because a door or window has been opened. DERIVATIVES backdraughting noun

 

backdrop

back |drop |ˈbakdrɒp | noun a painted cloth hung at the back of a theatre stage as part of the scenery. the setting or background for a scene, event, or situation: the conference took place against a backdrop of increasing diplomatic activity. verb ( backdrops, backdropping, backdropped ) [ with obj. ] lie behind or beyond; serve as a background to: the rolling hills that backdropped our camp.

 

back end

back end noun the end of something which is furthest from the front or the working end: the back end of the car swung round. informal the rump or buttocks. the latter part of a period of time: the book takes us up to the back end of last year. adjective [ attrib. ] 1 relating to the end of a project, process, or investment: many annuities have back-end surrender charges. 2 Computing denoting a subordinate processor or program, not directly accessed by the user, which performs a specialized function on behalf of a main processor or software system.

 

backer

back ¦er |ˈbakə (r )| noun a person, institution, or country that supports someone or something, especially financially: a struggle to find a new financial backer. a person that bets on a horse.

 

back-fanged

back-fanged adjective Zoology (of a snake such as a boomslang ) having the rear one or two pairs of teeth modified as fangs, with grooves to conduct the venom. Compare with front-fanged.

 

back fat

back fat noun [ mass noun ] fat on the back of a meat-producing animal.

 

backfield

back |field |ˈbakfiːld | noun [ mass noun ] American Football the area of play behind the line of scrimmage. the players (quarterback and running backs ) positioned in this area.

 

backfill

back |fill |ˈbakfɪl | verb [ with obj. ] refill (an excavated hole ) with the material dug out of it. noun [ mass noun ] material used for backfilling.

 

backfire

back |fire verb |bakˈfʌɪə | [ no obj. ] 1 (of a vehicle or its engine ) undergo a mistimed explosion in the cylinder or exhaust. 2 (of a plan or action ) have an opposite and undesirable effect to what was intended: overzealous publicity backfired on her. noun |ˈbakfʌɪə | 1 a mistimed explosion in the cylinder or exhaust of a vehicle or engine. 2 N. Amer. a fire started deliberately to stop the progress of an approaching fire by creating a burned area in its path.

 

backfist

back |fist noun (in martial arts ) a punch made with the back of the fist.

 

backflip

back |flip |ˈbakflɪp | noun a backward somersault done in the air with the arms and legs stretched out straight.

 

back focus

back focus noun Photography the distance between the back of a lens and the image of an object at infinity.

 

back-formation

back-formation noun a word that is formed from an existing word which looks as though it is a derivative, typically by removal of a suffix (e.g. edit from editor ). [ mass noun ] the linguistic process by which back-formations develop.

 

backgammon

back |gam ¦mon |ˈbakgamən | noun [ mass noun ] a board game in which two players move their pieces around twenty-four triangular points according to the throw of dice, the winner being the first to remove all their pieces from the board. [ count noun ] the most complete form of win in the game of backgammon. ORIGIN mid 17th cent.: from back + gammon 2 .

 

background

back |ground |ˈbakgraʊnd | noun 1 the part of a picture, scene, or design that forms a setting for the main figures or objects, or appears furthest from the viewer: the house stands against a background of sheltering trees | the word is written in white on a red background. a less important or conspicuous position or function: after that evening, she remained in the background . Computing used in reference to tasks or processes that do not need input from the user: programs can be left running in the background . Physics low-intensity radiation from radioisotopes present in the natural environment. unwanted signals, such as noise in the reception or recording of sound. 2 the circumstances or situation prevailing at a particular time or underlying a particular event: the political and economic background | [ as modifier ] : background information. a person's education, experience, and social circumstances: she has a background in nursing | her voice suggested a tenacious, working-class background. verb [ with obj. ] 1 form a background to: windswept land backgrounded by the Rockies. 2 provide with background: the embassy backgrounded American reporters.

 

backgrounder

back |ground ¦er noun N. Amer. an official briefing or handout giving background information.

 

background music

back |ground music noun [ mass noun ] music intended as an unobtrusive accompaniment to an activity or to provide atmosphere in a film.

 

background radiation

back |ground ra ¦di |ation noun [ mass noun ] Astronomy the uniform microwave radiation remaining from the Big Bang.

 

backhand

back |hand |ˈbakhand | noun (in tennis and other racket sports ) a stroke played with the back of the hand facing in the direction of the stroke, with the arm across the body: [ as modifier ] : a backhand volley. a blow or stroke delivered in a similar way to a backhand in tennis and other racket sprots: [ as modifier ] : a backhand blow hammered into his wrist. verb [ with obj. ] strike with a backhanded blow or stroke: in a flash, he backhanded Ace across the jaw.

 

backhanded

back |hand ¦ed |bakˈhandɪd | adjective 1 made with the back of the hand facing in the direction of movement: a backhanded pass. 2 having a meaning that is expressed indirectly or ambiguously: coming from me, teasing is a backhanded compliment . adverb with the back of the hand or with the hand turned backwards: Ellwood hit him backhanded.

 

backhander

back |hand ¦er |ˈbakhandə | noun 1 a blow made with the back of the hand: shut up, or I'll give you a backhander. a backhand stroke or shot in a game. 2 Brit. informal a secret and illegal payment; a bribe: a fortune had been paid in backhanders to local officials.

 

backhaul

back haul |ˈbakˌhôl ˈbækhɔl | noun 1 cargo carried on a return journey. 2 an unedited video transmission via satellite or other means to a network or station. a frequency on which such transmissions occur. verb carry (freight ) on a return journey.

 

back-heel

back-heel verb [ with obj. ] kick (something ) backwards with the heel: Johnson back-heeled the ball.

 

backhoe

backhoe |ˈbakhəʊ |(Brit. also backhoe loader ) noun a mechanical excavator which draws towards itself a bucket attached to a hinged boom.

 

backing

back |ing |ˈbakɪŋ | noun [ mass noun ] 1 help or support: the foreign secretary won the backing of opposition parties. a layer of material that forms, protects, or strengthens the back of something. (especially in popular music ) the musical or vocal accompaniment to the main singer or soloist: the trio provided backing | [ as modifier ] : a backing group. 2 Phonetics the movement of the place of formation of a sound towards the back of the mouth.

 

backing store

back |ing store noun Computing a device for secondary storage of data that typically has greater capacity than the primary store but is slower to access.

 

backing track

back |ing track noun a recorded musical accompaniment, especially one for a soloist to play or sing along with.

 

back issue

back issue noun a past issue of a journal or magazine.

 

backland

back |land noun [ mass noun ] 1 (also backlands ) another term for backcountry. 2 land behind an area which is built on or otherwise developed.

 

backlash

back |lash |ˈbaklaʃ | noun 1 [ in sing. ] a strong negative reaction by a large number of people, especially to a social or political development: a public backlash against racism. 2 [ mass noun ] recoil arising between parts of a mechanism. degree of play between parts of a mechanism.

 

backless

back |less |ˈbakləs | adjective (of a woman's garment ) cut low at the back: a backless lycra dress.

 

backlift

backlift noun (in sport ) a backward movement of the bat or leg before playing a stroke or kicking the ball.

 

backlight

back |light |ˈbaklʌɪt | noun [ mass noun ] illumination from behind. verb ( past backlit; past participle backlit or backlighted ) [ with obj. ] illuminate from behind. DERIVATIVES backlighting noun

 

backline

back |line |ˈbaklʌɪn | noun 1 a line marking the back of something, especially the area of play in a game. Rugby the players lined out across the field behind a scrum or line-out. 2 the amplifiers used by a popular music group for guitars and other instruments, typically placed across the back of the stage.

 

backlist

back |list |ˈbaklɪst | noun a publisher's list of books published before the current season and still in print.

 

backload

back |load |ˈbakləʊd | noun a load transported on the return journey of a delivery truck. verb 1 [ no obj. ] transport a load on a return journey. 2 [ with obj. ] place more charges at the later stages of (a financial agreement ) than at the earlier stages.

 

backlog

back |log |ˈbaklɒg | noun an accumulation of uncompleted work or matters needing to be dealt with: the company took on extra staff to clear the backlog of work.

 

backlot

back |lot |ˈbaklɒt | noun an outdoor area in a film studio where large exterior sets are made and some outside scenes are filmed.

 

backmarker

back |mark ¦er |ˈbakmɑːkə | noun Brit. a competitor who is among the last in a race.

 

back number

back num ¦ber noun Brit. an issue of a periodical earlier than the current one. informal a person or thing seen as outdated or past their prime.

 

back office

back of ¦fice noun an office or centre in which the administrative work of a business is carried out, as opposed to its dealings with customers.

 

backorder

back or der |ˈbakˌôrdər ˈbækˌɔrdər | noun a retailer's order for a product that is temporarily out of stock with the supplier: the phone I wanted was on backorder . verb [ with obj. ] place an order for (a product ) that is temporarily out of stock. the item was backordered by our distributor.

 

back order

back order noun a retailer's order for a product which is temporarily out of stock with the supplier: the phone I wanted was on back order . verb ( back-order ) [ with obj. ] place an order for (a product ) which is temporarily out of stock. the taps can be back-ordered and take up to three months for delivery.

 

backpack

back |pack |ˈbakpak | noun a rucksack. a piece of equipment carried on a person's back. verb [ no obj. ] (usu. as noun backpacking ) travel or hike carrying one's belongings in a rucksack: a week's backpacking in the Pyrenees. DERIVATIVES backpacker noun

 

back pass

back pass noun Soccer a deliberate pass to one's own goalkeeper (who is not allowed to pick up the ball if the pass was kicked ).

 

back passage

back pas |sage noun Brit., euphemistic the rectum.

 

back pay

back pay noun payment for work done in the past that was withheld at the time, or for work that could have been done had the worker not been prevented from doing so: Hickman should be provided back pay plus any expenses.

 

back-pedal

back-pedal verb [ no obj. ] 1 reverse one's previous action or opinion: Boyd quickly back-pedalled when asked to explain her suggestion. move hastily backwards: Cook forced the goalkeeper to back-pedal and push a shot over the bar. 2 move the pedals of a bicycle backwards (formerly to brake ).

 

backplane

back |plane |ˈbakpleɪn | noun a board to which the main circuit boards of a computer may be connected, and which provides connections between them.

 

backplate

back |plate noun a plate placed at or forming the back of something.

 

back-projection

back-projec ¦tion noun [ mass noun ] the projection of a picture on to the back of a translucent screen for viewing or for use as a background in filming. [ count noun ] an image created using the technique of back-projection. DERIVATIVES back-project verb

 

backrest

back |rest |ˈbakrɛst | noun a support for a person's back when they are seated.

 

backronym

back ro nym |ˈbakrəˌnim ˈbækrənɪm | noun a fanciful expansion of an existing acronym or word, such as port out, starboard home for posh . ORIGIN blend of back and acronym .

 

back room

back room noun a place where secret, administrative, or supporting work is done: this would lead to weak government, and deals in back rooms | [ as modifier ] : the back-room staff.

 

back row

back row noun [ treated as sing. or pl. ] Rugby the forwards who are in the third row in a scrum. DERIVATIVES back-rower noun

 

backsaw

back saw |ˈbakˌsô ˈbæksɔ | noun a type of saw with a reinforced back edge that keeps the thin blade from being distorted.

 

backscatter

back |scat ¦ter |ˈbakskatə | noun [ mass noun ] Physics deflection of radiation or particles through an angle of 180 °. radiation or particles that have been deflected in this way. Photography light from a flashgun or other light source that is deflected directly into a lens. verb [ with obj. ] Physics deflect (radiation or particles ) through an angle of 180 °.

 

backscratcher

back |scratch ¦er |ˈbakskratʃə | noun an implement for scratching one's back.

 

backscratching

backscratching |ˈbakskratʃɪŋ | noun [ mass noun ] the reciprocal provision of help or support, typically in an underhand or illicit manner.

 

back seat

back seat noun a seat at the back of a vehicle. PHRASES take a back seat take or be given a less important position or role: in future he would take a back seat in politics.

 

back-seat driver

back seat driver noun informal a passenger in a car who gives the driver unwanted advice. a person who is eager to give advice about something for which they are not responsible. DERIVATIVES back-seat driving noun

 

backsheesh

back |sheesh noun variant spelling of baksheesh.

 

backshift

back |shift |ˈbakʃɪft | noun [ mass noun ] Grammar the changing of a present tense in direct speech to a past tense in reported speech (or a past tense to pluperfect ).

 

backside

back |side |bakˈsʌɪd, ˈbaksʌɪd | noun 1 informal a person's buttocks. 2 chiefly N. Amer. the reverse or rear side of something: the backside of the hill. adjective (of a manoeuvre in surfing and other board sports ) done clockwise for a regular rider and anticlockwise for a goofy rider.

 

backsight

back |sight |ˈbaksʌɪt | noun 1 the sight of a rifle or other weapon that is nearer the eye of the person aiming. 2 Surveying a sight or reading taken backwards or towards the point of starting.

 

back slang

back slang noun [ mass noun ] slang in which words are spoken as though they were spelled backwards (e.g. redraw for warder ).

 

backslapping

back |slap ¦ping |ˈbakslapɪŋ | noun [ mass noun ] the action of slapping a person's back in congratulation or encouragement. the action of congratulating someone in a hearty or effusive way: the awards are about industry politics and backslapping. adjective vigorously hearty: those cheerful, backslapping journalists. DERIVATIVES backslapper noun

 

backslash

back |slash |ˈbakslaʃ | noun a backward-sloping diagonal line (\), used in some computer commands.

 

backslide

back |slide |ˈbakslʌɪd | verb ( past backslid; past participle backslid or archaic backslidden ) [ no obj. ] relapse into bad ways or error: there are many things that can cause slimmers to backslide | (as noun backsliding ) : there would be no backsliding from the government's sound policies. DERIVATIVES backslider noun

 

backspace

back |space |ˈbakspeɪs | noun 1 a key on a typewriter or computer keyboard used to cause the carriage or cursor to move backwards. 2 a device on a video recorder or camcorder which produces a slight backward run between shots to eliminate disturbance caused by the interruption of the scanning process. verb [ no obj. ] move a typewriter carriage or computer cursor backwards.

 

backspin

back |spin |ˈbakspɪn | noun [ mass noun ] a backward spin given to a moving ball, causing it to stop more quickly or rebound at a steeper angle on hitting a surface.

 

backsplash

back |splash noun North American term for splashback.

 

back-stabbing

back-stabbing noun [ mass noun ] the action of criticizing someone in a treacherous manner despite pretending friendship with them: the media world of back-stabbing, scheming, and downright malice. adjective (of a person ) engaging in back-stabbing; critical of other people despite pretending friendship with them: back-stabbing officials protecting their patch with petty politics. DERIVATIVES back-stabber noun

 

backstage

back |stage |bakˈsteɪdʒ | adverb in or to the area behind the stage in a theatre, especially the wings or dressing rooms: I went backstage after the show | [ as modifier ] : a backstage tour of the opera house. in secret: we planned our strategies backstage.

 

backstairs

back |stairs |ˈbakstɛːz | plural noun stairs at the back or side of a building. [ as modifier ] underhand; clandestine: I won't make backstairs deals with politicians.

 

backstamp

back |stamp noun a mark stamped on the back of a plate or a letter.

 

backstay

back |stay |ˈbaksteɪ | noun a stay on a sailing ship leading downwards and aft from the top or upper part of a mast.

 

backstitch

back |stitch |ˈbakstɪtʃ | noun [ mass noun ] a method of sewing with overlapping stitches. verb [ with obj. ] sew using backstitch.

 

backstop

back |stop |ˈbakstɒp | noun a thing placed at the rear of something as a barrier or support. Baseball a high fence or similar structure behind the home plate area. Baseball a catcher. an emergency precaution or last resort: the human operator has to act as the ultimate backstop when things go badly wrong. verb [ with obj. ] Baseball act as backstop for. Ice Hockey act as goaltender for. the man who backstopped the Edmonton Oilers. support or reinforce: the founding banks were backstopping the loans.

 

backstory

back |story |ˈbakstɔːri | noun ( pl. backstories ) a history or background created for a fictional character in a film or television programme: a brief prologue detailing our hero's backstory.

 

back straight

back straight noun Brit. the part of a racecourse that is furthest from the grandstand and parallel to the home straight.

 

backstreet

back |street |ˈbakstriːt | noun a minor street away from the main roads. [ as modifier ] acting or done secretly and typically illegally: backstreet abortions.

 

backstretch

back |stretch noun N. Amer. another term for back straight. the area adjacent to a racecourse where the horses are stabled and stable employees have temporary living accommodation.

 

backstroke

back |stroke |ˈbakstrəʊk | noun 1 a swimming stroke performed on the back with the arms lifted alternately out of the water in a backward circular motion and the legs extended and kicking. (the backstroke ) a race, usually of a specified length, in which backstroke is used: he was fifth in the 200 m backstroke. 2 Bell-ringing a pull of the tail end of the rope from its highest position so as to swing the bell through a full circle. Compare with handstroke. DERIVATIVES backstroker noun backstroke ( sense 1 )

 

backswept

backswept |ˈbækswɛpt | adjective swept, slanted, or sloped backwards: his backswept hair.

 

backswimmer

back |swim ¦mer noun another term for water boatman ( sense 1 ).

 

backswing

back |swing |ˈbakswɪŋ | noun a backward swing, especially of an arm or of a golf club when about to hit a ball.

 

backsword

back |sword |ˈbaksɔːd | noun a sword with only one cutting edge.

 

back talk

back talk noun North American term for backchat.

 

back-to-back

back-to-back adjective 1 Brit. (of houses ) built in a continuous terrace backing on to another terrace, with a party wall or a narrow alley between. 2 consecutive: his back-to-back victories in the Hungarian and Belgian Grands Prix. noun Brit. a house in a back-to-back terrace. adverb (back to back ) 1 (of two people ) facing in opposite directions with their backs touching. 2 consecutively; in succession: the games were played back to back.

 

back-to-nature

back-to-nature adjective [ attrib. ] advocating or relating to reversion to a simpler way of life: a back-to-nature lifestyle.

 

backtrack

back |track |ˈbaktrak | verb 1 [ no obj. ] retrace one's steps: Marilyn backtracked and went down into the basement. reverse one's previous position or opinion: the unions have had to backtrack on their demands. 2 [ with obj. ] US pursue, trace, or monitor: he was able to backtrack the buck to a ridge nearby.

 

backup

back |up |ˈbakʌp | noun 1 [ mass noun ] help or support: no police backup could be expected. someone or something that can be called on if necessary; a reserve: I've got a security force as backup | [ as modifier ] : a backup generator. 2 Computing a copy of a file or other item of data made in case the original is lost or damaged. [ mass noun ] the procedure for making backup copies of files or other items of data. 3 N. Amer. an accumulation of something caused by a blockage, as in traffic or water.

 

backup light

back |up light |ˈbakʌp | noun North American term for reversing light.

 

backveld

backveld |ˈbakfɛlt | noun (the backveld ) S. African remote country districts, especially when considered to be unsophisticated or conservative. DERIVATIVES backvelder noun ORIGIN partial translation of Afrikaans agterveld, literally back countryside .

 

backward

back |ward |ˈbakwəd | adjective 1 directed behind or to the rear: she left the room without a backward glance. reverting to an inferior state; retrograde: the decision was a backward step. 2 having made less progress than is normal or expected: a backward agricultural country. (of a person ) having learning difficulties. 3 [ with negative ] (backward in ) lacking the confidence to do (something ): he was not backward in displaying his talents. 4 Cricket (of a fielding position ) behind an imaginary line passing through the stumps at the batsman's end at right angles to the wicket. adverb another word for backwards. DERIVATIVES backwardly adverb, backwardness noun ORIGIN Middle English: from earlier abackward, from aback . usage: In most adverbial uses backward and backwards are interchangeable: the car rolled slowly backward and the car rolled slowly backwards are both equally acceptable. In North American English backward tends to be preferred to backwards, while in British English it is the other way round. As an adjective, on the other hand, the standard form is backward rather than backwards: uses such as a backwards glance (as opposed to a backward glance ) are unusual.

 

backwardation

back ¦ward |ation |bakwəˈdeɪʃ (ə )n | noun [ mass noun ] Stock Exchange, Brit. a situation in which the spot or cash price of a commodity is higher than the forward price. Often contrasted with contango. a situation in which the offer price for stock is lower than the bid. historical a percentage paid by a person selling stock for the right of delaying its delivery.

 

backward classes

backward classes plural noun Indian the members of a caste or community who are recommended for special help in education and employment.

 

backward-looking

backward-looking adjective opposing progress and innovation; reactionary.

 

backwards

backwards |ˈbakwədz |(also backward ) adverb 1 (of a movement ) in the direction of one's back: Penny glanced backwards | he took a step backwards. 2 (of an object's motion ) back towards the starting point: the tape rolled backwards. 3 in reverse of the usual direction or order: count backwards from twenty to ten. towards the past: the songs look backwards to long-ago battles. towards or into a worse state: a step backwards for the economy. PHRASES backwards and forwards in both directions alternately; to and fro. bend (or fall or lean ) over backwards informal make every effort to achieve something, especially to be fair or helpful: we have bent over backwards to ensure a fair trial for the defendants. know something backwards be entirely familiar with something.

 

backwards-compatible

backwards-compatible (also backward-compatible ) adjective (of computer hardware or software ) able to be used with an older piece of hardware or software without special adaptation or modification. DERIVATIVES backwards compatibility noun

 

backwash

back |wash |ˈbakwɒʃ | noun [ mass noun ] the motion of receding waves. a backward current created by an object moving through water or air. the unpleasant after-effects of an event: the backwash of the Cuban missile crisis. verb [ with obj. ] clean (a filter ) by reversing the flow of fluid through it.

 

backwater

back |water |ˈbakwɔːtə | noun a part of a river not reached by the current, where the water is stagnant. an isolated or peaceful place. a place or situation in which no development or progress is taking place: the country remained an economic backwater.

 

backwind

backwind Sailing verb [ with obj. ] (of a sail or vessel ) deflect a flow of air into the back of (another sail or vessel ). noun a flow of air deflected into the back of a sail.

 

backwoods

back |woods |ˈbakwʊdz | plural noun [ often as modifier ] chiefly N. Amer. remote uncleared forest land: backwoods homesteads. a remote or sparsely inhabited region, especially one considered backward.

 

backwoodsman

back ¦woods |man |ˈbakwʊdzmən | noun ( pl. backwoodsmen ) chiefly N. Amer. an inhabitant of backwoods, especially one regarded as uncouth or backward. Brit. informal a peer who very rarely attends the House of Lords.

 

backyard

back |yard |bakˈjɑːd | noun Brit. a yard at the back of a house or other building. N. Amer. a back garden. informal the area close to where one lives, regarded with proprietorial concern: children must be made aware of environmental issues in their own backyard .

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

back

back noun 1 she's broken her back: spine, backbone, spinal column, vertebral column. 2 the back of the house: rear, rear side, other side; Nautical stern. ANTONYMS front. 3 the back of the line: end, tail end, rear end, rear, tail, tag end. ANTONYMS front, head. 4 the back of a postcard: reverse, other side, underside; verso; informal flip side. ANTONYMS front, face. adverb 1 he pushed his chair back: backward, behind one, to one's rear, rearward; away, off. ANTONYMS forward. 2 a few months back: ago, earlier, previously, before, in the past. verb 1 the government backed the initiative with $4 million: sponsor, finance, put up the money for, fund, subsidize, underwrite, be a patron of, act as guarantor of; informal foot the bill for, pick up the tab for; bankroll, stake. 2 most people backed the idea: support, endorse, sanction, approve of, give one's blessing to, smile on, favor, advocate, promote, uphold, champion; vote for, ally oneself with, stand behind, stick by, side with, be on the side of, defend, take up the cudgels for; second; informal throw one's weight behind. ANTONYMS oppose. 3 he backed the horse at 33 –1: bet on, gamble on, stake money on. 4 he backed out of the garage: reverse, draw back, step back, move backward, back off, pull back, retreat, withdraw, give ground, backtrack, retrace one's steps, recede. ANTONYMS move forward, advance. adjective 1 the back seats: rear, rearmost, backmost, hind, hindmost, hinder, posterior. ANTONYMS front. 2 a back copy: past, old, previous, earlier, former, out of date. ANTONYMS future. PHRASES back away there's no need to back away he's a very gentle dog: draw back, step back, move away, withdraw, retreat, pull back, give ground; shrink back, cower, quail, quake. back down all your begging is useless because I am not going to back down: give in, concede defeat, surrender, yield, submit, climb down, concede, reconsider; backtrack, backpedal. back out of Charlie's backed out of the original agreement: renege on, go back on, withdraw from, pull out of, retreat from, fail to honor, abandon, default on, repudiate, backpedal on. back someone up I was surprised when it turned out to be Dina who backed me up: support, stand by, give one's support to, side with, be on someone's side, take someone's side, take someone's part; vouch for. back something up can you back up that statement with any real evidence? substantiate, corroborate, confirm, support, bear out, endorse, bolster, reinforce, lend weight to. behind someone's back the takeover was planned behind the plant manager's back: secretly, without someone's knowledge, on the sly, slyly, sneakily, covertly, surreptitiously, furtively. WORD LINKS dorsal, lumbar relating to the back supine lying on your back Word Links sections supply words that are related to the headword but do not normally appear in a thesaurus because they are not actual synonyms.

 

backbiting

backbiting noun the backbiting between Democrats and Republicans has become tiresome: malicious talk, spiteful talk, slander, libel, defamation, abuse, character assassination, disparagement, denigration, vilification, vituperation, calumny; slurs, aspersions; informal bitching, bitchiness, cattiness, mudslinging, bad-mouthing, dissing.

 

backbone

backbone noun 1 an injured backbone: spine, spinal column, vertebral column, vertebrae; back; Anatomy dorsum, rachis. 2 the infantry is the backbone of our army: mainstay, cornerstone, foundation, chief support, buttress, pillar, tower of strength. 3 he has enough backbone to see us through: strength of character, strength of will, firmness, resolution, resolve, determination, fortitude, pluck, pluckiness, nerve, courage, mettle, spirit, moral fiber; informal guts, spunk, grit, true grit.

 

back-breaking

back-breaking adjective shoveling wet snow is back-breaking work: grueling, arduous, strenuous, onerous, punishing, crushing, demanding, exacting, taxing, exhausting, draining; informal killing; archaic toilsome. ANTONYMS easy.

 

backer

backer noun 1 the backers of the proposition: supporter, defender, advocate, promoter, proponent; seconder; booster. 2 $3 million was provided by the project's backers: sponsor, investor, underwriter, financier, patron, benefactor, benefactress; informal angel.

 

backfire

backfire verb Bernard's plan backfired: rebound, boomerang, come back; fail, miscarry, go wrong; informal blow up in someone's face.

 

background

background noun 1 a background of palm trees: backdrop, backcloth, surrounding (s ), setting, scene. 2 students from many different backgrounds: social circumstances, family circumstances; environment, class, culture, tradition; upbringing. 3 her nursing background: experience, record, history, past, training, education, grounding, knowledge; backstory. 4 the political background: circumstances, context, conditions, situation, environment, milieu, scene, scenario. PHRASES in the background maybe there was a sugar daddy in the background: behind the scenes, out of the public eye, out of the spotlight, out of the limelight, backstage; inconspicuous, unobtrusive, unnoticed.

 

backhanded

backhanded adjective a backhanded compliment: indirect, ambiguous, oblique, equivocal; double-edged, two-edged, left-handed; tongue-in-cheek. ANTONYMS direct.

 

backing

backing noun 1 he has the backing of his colleagues: support, help, assistance, aid; approval, endorsement, sanction, blessing. 2 financial backing: sponsorship, funding, patronage; money, investment, funds, finance; grant, contribution, subsidy. 3 musical backing: accompaniment; harmony, obbligato.

 

backlash

backlash noun the move provoked a backlash from union leaders: adverse reaction, adverse response, counterblast, comeback, repercussion; retaliation, reprisal.

 

backlog

backlog noun Stella's been gone for one day and there's already a backlog of messages: accumulation, logjam, pileup, pile, mountain.

 

backpack

backpack noun knapsack, rucksack; school bag, book bag.

 

backpedal

backpedal verb they agreed to the peace initiative, but soon after they backpedaled: change one's mind, backtrack, back down, climb down, (do an ) about-face, reverse course, do a U-turn, renege, go back (on ), back out (of ), fail to honor something, withdraw, default (on ).

 

backslide

backslide verb many things can cause dieters to backslide: relapse, lapse, regress, weaken, lose one's resolve, give in to temptation, go astray, leave the straight and narrow, fall off the wagon. ANTONYMS persevere.

 

backslider

backslider noun I'll have no backslider like you in my family: recidivist, regressor; defector, deserter, turncoat, apostate, fallen angel.

 

backtalk

backtalk noun your backtalk is an embarrassment to us all: impudence, impertinence, cheek, cheekiness, effrontery, insolence, rudeness; answering back, talking back; informal mouth, lip, sass, guff; rare contumely.

 

backtrack

backtrack verb Callahan backtracked when the poll results were released: backpedal, change one's mind, back down, reverse course, about-face, climb down.

 

backup

backup noun never enter an unsecured area without backup: help, support, assistance, aid; reinforcements, reserves, additional resources.

 

backward

backward adjective 1 a backward look: rearward, to /toward the rear, to /toward the back, behind one, reverse. ANTONYMS forward. 2 the decision was a backward step: retrograde, retrogressive, regressive, for the worse, in the wrong direction, downhill, negative. ANTONYMS progressive. 3 an economically backward country: underdeveloped, undeveloped; primitive, unsophisticated, benighted. ANTONYMS advanced, sophisticated. 4 he was not backward in displaying his talents: hesitant, reticent, reluctant; shy, diffident, bashful, timid; unwilling, afraid, loath, averse. ANTONYMS bold, confident. adverb (also backwards ) 1 Penny glanced backward: toward the rear, rearward, behind one. ANTONYMS forward. 2 count backward from twenty to ten: in reverse, in reverse order; informal ass-backward, bass-ackward. ANTONYMS forward. USAGE backward, backwards In British English, the spelling backwards is more common than backward. In American English, the adverb form is sometimes spelled backwards (the ladder fell backwards ), but the adjective is almost always backward (a backward glance ). Directional words using the suffix -ward tend to have no s ending in American English, although backwards is more common than afterwards, towards, or forwards. The s ending often (but not always ) appears in the phrases backwards and forwards and bending over backwards. Usage notes show additional guidance on finer points of English usage.

 

backwash

backwash noun 1 a ship's backwash: wake, wash, slipstream. 2 the country was hit by the backwash of a financial crisis that began on the opposite side of the globe: repercussions, reverberations, aftereffects, aftermath, fallout.

 

backwoods

backwoods plural noun they're bringing cable TV to the backwoods: back of beyond, remote areas, wilds, bush, bush country, bushland, hinterlands, backwater; backcountry, backlands; middle of nowhere; informal sticks, boondocks, boonies, tall timbers.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

back

back noun 1 they think she's broken her back: spine, backbone, spinal column, vertebral column; technical dorsum, rachis. 2 the back of the house: rear, rear side, other side; Nautical stern. ANTONYMS front. 3 the back of the queue: end, tail end, rear end, tail, far end; N. Amer. tag end. ANTONYMS front, head. 4 the back of a postcard: reverse, reverse side, other side, underside; verso; informal flip side. ANTONYMS front, face. PHRASES behind someone's back secretly, without someone's knowledge, on the sly, deceitfully, slyly, sneakily, covertly, surreptitiously, furtively. get /put someone's back up these kinds of questions tend to engage the other party, whereas assertions can put their backs up: annoy, irritate, vex, make angry, make cross, anger, exasperate, irk, gall, pique, put out, displease, antagonize, get on someone's nerves, rub up the wrong way, ruffle, ruffle someone's feathers, make someone's hackles rise, raise someone's hackles; enrage, infuriate, madden, make someone's blood boil, drive to distraction, goad, provoke; informal aggravate, peeve, hassle, miff, rile, nettle, needle, get, get to, bug, hack off, get under someone's skin, get in someone's hair, get up someone's nose, put someone's nose out of joint, get someone's goat, give someone the hump, rattle someone's cage, drive mad /crazy, drive round the bend /twist, drive up the wall, make someone see red; Brit. informal wind up, nark, get across, get on someone's wick; N. Amer. informal tee off, tick off, burn up, rankle, ride, gravel; vulgar slang piss off; Brit. vulgar slang get on someone's tits; informal, dated give someone the pip, get someone's dander up; rare exacerbate, hump, rasp. ANTONYMS please, gratify. the back of beyond the middle of nowhere, the backwoods, the wilds, the hinterland, a backwater; Austral. /NZ the back country, the backblocks, the booay; S. African the backveld, the platteland; N. Amer. informal the boondocks, the boonies, the tall timbers; Austral. /NZ informal Woop Woop, beyond the black stump. turn one's back on in 1973, she turned her back on her career: abandon, give up, have done with, throw up; reject, renounce, repudiate; informal quit, pack in, jack in. adverb 1 she walked away without looking back | he pushed his chair back: backwards, behind one, to one's rear, rearwards; away, off. ANTONYMS forward. 2 keep back from the roadside: away, at a distance. 3 her husband left her a few months back: ago, earlier, previously, before, in the past. verb 1 the project was backed by the English Tourist Board: sponsor, finance, put up the money for, fund, subsidize, underwrite, promote, lend one's name to, be a patron of, act as guarantor of, support; informal foot the bill for, pick up the tab for; N. Amer. informal bankroll, stake. 2 over 97 per cent backed the changes: support, endorse, sanction, approve of, give one's blessing to, smile on, favour, advocate, promote, uphold, champion; vote for, ally oneself with, stand behind, side with, be on the side of, defend, take up the cudgels for; second; informal throw one's weight behind. ANTONYMS oppose. 3 he backed the horse at 33 –1: bet on, place a bet on, gamble on, stake money on. 4 he backed slowly out of the garage: reverse, move /drive backwards; backtrack, retrace one's steps. ANTONYMS move forwards, advance. PHRASES back away he took a step towards her and she hurriedly backed away: draw back, step back, move away, back off, retreat, withdraw, pull back, give ground; shrink back, blench, cower, quail, quake. ANTONYMS move forward. back down the government backed down under pressure from the House of Lords: give in, concede defeat, surrender, yield, submit, climb down, concede, reconsider; backtrack, back-pedal. back out Coleman backed out of the deal: renege on, go back on, withdraw from, pull out of, retreat from, fail to honour, abandon, default on, repudiate; back-pedal; informal get cold feet about, chicken out of. back something up his statement was backed up by evidence from Mr Eric Bartlett: substantiate, corroborate, confirm, support, bear out, endorse, bolster, reinforce, lend weight to; prove, verify, validate. ANTONYMS contradict, undermine. back someone up her husband's bound to back her up: support, stand by, give one's support to, side with, be on someone's side, take someone's side, take someone's part; vouch for; help, assist, aid. adjective 1 the back garden: rear. ANTONYMS front. 2 the back row: end, hind, hindmost, rearmost. ANTONYMS front. 3 the bird's back feathers: dorsal, posterior. ANTONYMS front. 4 back copies of the journal: past, old, previous, earlier, former, out of date. ANTONYMS future. WORD LINKS back dorsal, lumbar relating to the back supine lying on one's back posterior further back Word Links sections supply words that are related to the headword but do not normally appear in a thesaurus because they are not actual synonyms.

 

backbiting

backbiting noun there is a lot of backbiting in the world of television: malicious talk, spiteful talk, slander, libel, defamation, abuse, character assassination, scandalmongering, disparagement, denigration, vilification, vituperation, calumny, revilement; insults, slurs, aspersions; informal bitching, bitchiness, cattiness, mud-slinging, bad-mouthing; Brit. informal slagging off, rubbishing. ANTONYMS praise.

 

backbone

backbone noun 1 an injured backbone: spine, spinal column, vertebral column, vertebrae; back; technical dorsum, rachis. 2 these firms are the backbone of our industrial sector: mainstay, cornerstone, foundation, chief support, buttress, pillar. 3 he has enough backbone to see us through this difficulty: strength of character, strength of will, firmness of purpose, firmness, resolution, resolve, determination, fortitude, mettle, moral fibre, spine, steel, nerve, spirit, pluck, pluckiness, courage, courageousness, bravery, braveness, valour, manliness; informal guts, spunk, grit; Brit. informal bottle; vulgar slang balls. ANTONYMS weakness. WORD LINKS backbone spinal, vertebral relating to the backbone Word Links sections supply words that are related to the headword but do not normally appear in a thesaurus because they are not actual synonyms.

 

back-breaking

back-breaking adjective a back-breaking task: gruelling, arduous, strenuous, onerous, punishing, murderous, crushing, Herculean, demanding, exacting, taxing, formidable, exhausting, draining, laborious, burdensome, tough, stiff, uphill, heavy; informal killing; Brit. informal knackering; archaic toilsome. ANTONYMS easy, effortless.

 

backchat

backchat noun Brit. informal don't put up with any backchat from them: impudence, impertinence, cheek, cheekiness, effrontery, sauciness, pertness, insolence, rudeness, rude retorts; answering back, talking back; informal mouth, lip; Scottish informal snash; N. Amer. informal sassiness, sass, smart mouth, back talk; rare malapertness, contumely, procacity.

 

backer

backer noun 1 £3 million was provided by the project's backers: sponsor, investor, subsidizer, underwriter, promoter, financier, patron, benefactor, benefactress, guarantor, supporter, friend; informal angel; rare Maecenas. 2 the backers of the proposition: supporter, upholder, champion, defender, advocate, promoter, proponent, protagonist; seconder, second; N. Amer. booster.

 

backfire

backfire verb 1 the engine backfired: misfire. 2 Bernard's plan backfired on him: rebound, boomerang, come back, have an adverse effect; have unwelcome repercussions for, cause one to be hoist with one's own petard, be self-defeating, be counterproductive; fail, miscarry, go wrong; informal blow up in someone's face; archaic redound on.

 

background

background noun 1 the house stands against a background of sheltering trees: surrounding (s ), backdrop, backcloth, framework; scene. 2 the figures of the saints are shown against a gold background: setting, surround, framework. 3 the airport may be seen in the background : in the distance, on the horizon. ANTONYMS foreground, front. 4 after that evening, she remained in the background : behind the scenes, out of the public eye, out of the spotlight, out of the limelight, backstage; inconspicuous, unobtrusive, unnoticed. 5 a mix of students from many different backgrounds: social circumstances, family circumstances; environment, class, culture, tradition; upbringing, rearing. 6 her nursing background: experience, record, history, past, training, education, grounding, knowledge; qualifications, credentials; Latin curriculum vitae. 7 the political background: circumstances, context, conditions, situation, environment, milieu, scene, scenario, framework, atmosphere; factors, influences; lead-up.

 

backhanded

backhanded adjective a backhanded compliment: indirect, ambiguous, oblique, equivocal; double-edged, two-edged; tongue-in-cheek, sarcastic, ironic, sardonic. ANTONYMS direct, straightforward.

 

backing

backing noun 1 the foreign secretary won the backing of opposition parties: support, help, assistance, cooperation, aid; approval, commendation, endorsement, sanction, blessing; promotion, advocacy, championship, espousal. 2 they had financial backing from local firms: sponsorship, funding, financing, promotion, patronage; money, investment, funds, finance; grant, contribution, subsidy. 3 a mix of slick vocals and sophisticated backing: musical accompaniment, orchestration; harmony, obbligato. 4 the fabric has a special backing for durability: lining, interlining, facing, underlay, reinforcement.

 

backlash

backlash noun the move provoked a furious backlash from union leaders: adverse reaction /response, counteraction, counterblast, comeback, recoil; retaliation, reprisal; repercussions, reverberations, fallout, backwash.

 

backlog

backlog noun a backlog of paperwork: accumulation, logjam, pile-up, pile, heap, mountain, excess; arrears.

 

back-pedal

back-pedal verb 1 although agreeing at first to the peace plan, they soon began to back-pedal: change one's mind, change one's opinion, go into reverse, do an about-face, do a U-turn, shift one's ground, sing a different song, have second thoughts, reconsider, climb down; Brit. do an about-turn. 2 the president back-pedalled on his promises to tax foreign companies heavily: renege on, back down on, go back on, back out of, fail to honour, withdraw, backtrack on, take back, abandon, default on.

 

backslide

backslide verb 1 there are many things that can cause slimmers to backslide: relapse, lapse, regress, retrogress, revert to one's bad habits, weaken, lose one's resolve, give in to temptation, go astray, leave the straight and narrow, go down the primrose path. ANTONYMS persevere. 2 his only worry was that if she left things would backslide: degenerate, deteriorate, slip, slide, fall off, revert to a former state, regress, retrogress; informal go downhill, go to pot, go to the dogs; rare recidivate. ANTONYMS progress.

 

backslider

backslider noun recidivist, regressor; apostate, defector, deserter, turncoat, renegade, fallen angel.

 

backup

backup noun no police backup could be expected: help, support, assistance, aid; reinforcements, reserves, additional resources.

 

backward

backward adjective 1 a backward look | a backward movement: reverse; to /towards the rear, rearward, to /towards the back; behind one. ANTONYMS forward. 2 the decision was a backward step: retrograde, retrogressive, regressive, unprogressive, for the worse, in the wrong direction, downhill, negative. ANTONYMS progressive, forward-looking. 3 an economically backward country: underdeveloped, undeveloped, unsophisticated; primitive, benighted. ANTONYMS advanced, sophisticated. 4 he was not backward in displaying his talents: reticent about, hesitant about, reluctant to, unwilling to, afraid to, loath to, averse to; shy about, diffident about, unconfident about, bashful about, timid about, coy about; informal backward in coming forward. ANTONYMS confident, bold. adverb the car rolled slowly backward. See backwards. WORD LINKS backward retro- related prefix, as in retrograde, retrocede Word Links sections supply words that are related to the headword but do not normally appear in a thesaurus because they are not actual synonyms.

 

backwards

backwards adverb 1 Penny glanced backwards | he took a step backwards: towards the rear, rearwards, backward, behind one. ANTONYMS forwards. 2 count backwards from twenty to ten: in reverse, from the highest to lowest, in reverse order. 3 his campaign is going backwards : deteriorate, decline, degenerate, worsen, get worse; informal go downhill, take a nosedive, go to pot, go to the dogs, hit the skids, go down the toilet, go down the tubes. ANTONYMS improve.

 

backwash

backwash noun 1 a ship's backwash: wake, wash, slipstream, backflow; path, trail. 2 the backwash of the Cuban missile crisis: repercussions, reverberations, after-effects, aftermath, fallout; upshot, consequences, results, effects, by-products.

 

backwoods

backwoods plural noun the back of beyond, the middle of nowhere, remote areas, the wilds, the hinterlands, a backwater; N. Amer. the backcountry, the backland; Austral. the outback, the bush, the backblocks, the booay; S. African the backveld, the platteland; informal the sticks; N. Amer. informal the boondocks, the boonies, the tall timbers; Austral. /NZ informal Woop Woop, beyond the black stump.

 

Duden Dictionary

back

back Adverb Seemannssprache |b a ck |englisch back = rückwärts; Rücken, verwandt mit Backe entgegen, zurück, rückwärts

 

Back

Back Substantiv, feminin Seemannssprache , die |B a ck |die Back; Genitiv: der Back, Plural: die Backen 1 a hölzerne Schüssel, in der das Essen für die Schiffsmannschaft aufgetragen wird (mittel )niederdeutsch bak, wohl zu einem galloromanischen Wort mit der Bedeutung »Wassergefäß «; vgl. Becken b Tischgemeinschaft der Schiffsmannschaft ursprünglich = Gruppe von Seeleuten, die aus einer Schüssel essen c zusammenklappbarer Esstisch der Schiffsmannschaft auf einem Schiff 2 Deckaufbau auf dem Vorschiff nach dem Raum für die Back 1b

 

Back

Back Substantiv, maskulin schweizerisch, sonst veraltet; besonders Fußball , der |bɛk englisch bæk |der Back; Genitiv: des Backs, Plural: die Backs englisch back, back Verteidiger

 

Backaroma

Back aro ma Substantiv, Neutrum , das |B a ckaroma |beim Backen verwendetes [künstliches ] Aroma

 

Backblech

Back blech Substantiv, Neutrum , das |B a ckblech |flache Platte aus Blech, auf der Kuchen o. Ä. zum Backen in den Ofen geschoben wird; Kuchenblech Kurzform: Blech 2 zwei Backbleche mit Pizza

 

Backbone

Back bone Substantiv, maskulin oder Substantiv, Neutrum EDV , der oder das |ˈbɛkboʊn |der oder das Backbone; Genitiv: des Backbones, Plural: die Backbones englisch backbone, eigentlich = Rückgrat, Wirbelsäule System von Leitungen, die den Großteil der Daten innerhalb eines Computernetzwerks oder zwischen Computernetzwerken transportieren die Bandbreiten der Backbones ausbauen

 

Backbonenetz

Back bone netz Substantiv, Neutrum EDV , das |ˈbɛkboʊn …|das Backbonenetz; Genitiv: des Backbonenetzes, Plural: die Backbonenetze englisch ; deutsch leistungsfähiges Netz, das lokale Netze miteinander verbindet aber keine eigentlichen Rechneranschlüsse besitzt

 

backbord

back bord Adverb Seewesen, Flugwesen backbords |b a ckbord |links, auf der linken Schiffs- oder Flugzeugseite

 

Backbord

Back bord Substantiv, Neutrum oder Substantiv, maskulin Seewesen, Flugwesen , das oder der |B a ckbord |das, österreichisch der Backbord Plural selten aus dem Niederdeutschen < mittelniederdeutsch ba (c )kbort, aus: bak = Rücken (verwandt mit Backe ) und Bord ; nach dem früheren Standort des Steuermanns auf der rechten hinteren Schiffsseite, wobei ihm die linke Schiffsseite im Rücken lag linke Seite eines Schiffes, Flugzeugs (in Fahrt- bzw. Flugrichtung gesehen ) das Ruder nach Backbord legen

 

backbords

back bords Adverb Seewesen, Flugwesen backbord |b a ckbords |links, auf der linken Schiffs- oder Flugzeugseite

 

Backbordseite

Back bord sei te Substantiv, feminin Seewesen , die |B a ckbordseite |linker Schiffsteil (in Fahrtrichtung gesehen )

 

Bäckchen

Bäck chen Substantiv, Neutrum , das |B ä ckchen |das Bäckchen; Genitiv: des Bäckchens, Plural: die Bäckchen Verkleinerungsform zu Backe 1

 

Backe

Ba cke Substantiv, feminin umgangssprachlich , die |B a cke |die Backe; Genitiv: der Backe, Plural: die Backen mittelhochdeutsch (ars )backe, bache, althochdeutsch bahho = Schinken, Speckseite, ursprünglich = Rückenstück, zu althochdeutsch bah = Rücken, Herkunft ungeklärt; angelehnt an das nicht verwandte Backe Gesäßhälfte die Backen zusammenkneifen etwas auf einer Backe absitzen /abreißen /runterreißen salopp etwas, besonders eine Haftstrafe o. Ä. ohne [größere ] Schwierigkeiten hinter sich bringen

 

Backe

Ba cke Substantiv, feminin , die |B a cke |die Backe; Genitiv: der Backe, Plural: die Backen mittelhochdeutsch backe, althochdeutsch backo, vielleicht eigentlich = Esser 1 Teil des Gesichts links bzw. rechts von Nase und Mund; Wange runde Backen | sie hat rote Backen (sieht frisch aus ) | sie hatte eine dicke, geschwollene Backe (Schwellung der Backe ) | der Junge strahlte über beide Backen (strahlte vor Freude, Glück ) | Tränen liefen ihr über die Backen | figurativ die roten Backen eines Apfels au Backe [mein Zahn ]! salopp Ausruf der Verwunderung, der [unangenehmen ] Überraschung 2 (paarweise angeordneter ) beweglicher Seitenteil oder bewegliche Seitenfläche eines Gegenstandes aus Metall, Holz oder ähnlichem festem Material zum Festklammern, Anpressen oder Zerkleinern von etwas die Backen eines Schraubstocks, einer Bremse

 

backen

ba cken unregelmäßiges Verb |b a cken |unregelmäßiges Verb; bäckt /backt, backte /(veraltend : ) buk, hat gebacken mittelhochdeutsch backen, althochdeutsch backan, ursprünglich = wärmen, rösten 1 a aus verschiedenen Zutaten einen Teig bereiten und diesen unter Hitzeeinwirkung im Backofen gar und genießbar machen sie bäckt /backt gern, gut b durch Backen 1a herstellen Kuchen, Plätzchen backen | figurativ wenn dir alle Männer nicht gefallen, musst du dir einen backen lassen etwas gebacken kriegen umgangssprachlich fertig-, zustande bringen Nur zwei Aufgaben für morgen in Mathe? Das wirst du doch wohl alleine gebacken kriegen! c österreichisch, sonst landschaftlich in der Pfanne, im Topf auf dem Herd oder im Ofen in [schwimmendem ] Fett unter starker Hitzeeinwirkung garen [und knusprig braun werden lassen ] Krapfen backen d in den Teig mischen und damit einem Gebäck o. Ä. zusetzen Leinsamen ins Brot backen 2 in der Ofenhitze eines Backofens garen der Kuchen muss eine Stunde bei 175 ° backen 3 umgangssprachlich etwas zu Backendes auf bestimmte Weise garen unser Herd bäckt ganz gleichmäßig 4 landschaftlich durch Hitzeeinwirkung dörren, trocknen Pflaumen backen | Backsteine werden im Ofen gebacken (in einem Spezialofen gebrannt )

 

backen

ba cken schwaches Verb landschaftlich |b a cken |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « übertragen von backen , da sich der Teig während des Backens fest anhängt 1 [an ]kleben, sich zusammenballen, sich fest anhängen der Schnee backt an den Stiefeln 2 festkleben, ankleben ein Schild backen

 

Backenbart

Ba cken bart Substantiv, maskulin , der |B a ckenbart |seitlich an beiden Backen wachsender Bart

 

backenbärtig

ba cken bär tig Adjektiv |b a ckenbärtig |einen Backenbart tragend

 

Backenknochen

Ba cken kno chen Substantiv, maskulin , der |B a ckenknochen |meist im Plural Jochbein, besonders im Hinblick darauf, wie es die Form eines Gesichts prägt ein Gesicht mit hohen, starken Backenknochen

 

Backenmuskel

Ba cken mus kel Substantiv, maskulin , der |B a ckenmuskel |Muskel im Bereich der Backen

 

Backenstreich

Ba cken streich Substantiv, maskulin , der |B a ckenstreich |

 

Backentasche

Ba cken ta sche Substantiv, feminin , die |B a ckentasche |meist im Plural Ausstülpung rechts bzw. links neben der Mundhöhle bei Säugetieren

 

Backenzahn

Ba cken zahn Substantiv, maskulin , der |B a ckenzahn |(bei Säugetieren und beim Menschen ) einer der hinteren, zum Zermahlen der Nahrung dienenden Zähne

 

Bäcker

cker Substantiv, maskulin , der |B ä cker |der Bäcker; Genitiv: des Bäckers, Plural: die Bäcker mittelhochdeutsch becker, zu backen männliche Person, deren Beruf das Herstellen von Brot, Brötchen u. a. ist Berufsbezeichnung

 

Backerbse

Back erb se Substantiv, feminin besonders österreichisch , die |B a ckerbse |Suppeneinlage aus Mehlteig in Form von kleinen Kügelchen

 

Backerei

Ba cke rei Substantiv, feminin umgangssprachlich abwertend , die |Backer ei |die Backerei; Genitiv: der Backerei zu backen 1a beständiges, als lästig empfundenes Backen die Backerei vor Weihnachten

 

Bäckerei

cke rei Substantiv, feminin , die |Bäcker ei |die Bäckerei; Genitiv: der Bäckerei, Plural: die Bäckereien spätmittelhochdeutsch 1 Betrieb, in dem Backwaren aller Art [hergestellt und ] verkauft werden eine Bäckerei übernehmen | in einer Bäckerei arbeiten 2 a ohne Plural das Herstellen von Backwaren, das Backen b ohne Plural Bäckerhandwerk die Bäckerei erlernen 3 meist im Plural süddeutsch, österreichisch Kleingebäck

 

Bäckerhandwerk

cker hand werk Substantiv, Neutrum , das |B ä ckerhandwerk |Handwerk der Bäckerinnen und Bäcker

 

Bäckerin

cke rin Substantiv, feminin , die |B ä ckerin |die Bäckerin; Genitiv: der Bäckerin, Plural: die Bäckerinnen weibliche Form zu Bäcker

 

Bäckerinnung

cker in nung Substantiv, feminin , die |B ä ckerinnung |Innung der Bäckerinnen und Bäcker

 

Bäckerladen

cker la den Substantiv, maskulin , der |B ä ckerladen |

 

Bäckermeister

cker meis ter Substantiv, maskulin , der |B ä ckermeister | Meister 1 im Bäckerhandwerk

 

Bäckermeisterin

cker meis te rin Substantiv, feminin , die |B ä ckermeisterin |1 weibliche Form zu Bäckermeister 2 veraltet Frau eines Bäckermeisters

 

Bäckersfrau

ckers frau Substantiv, feminin , die Frau eines Bäckers

 

backfertig

back fer tig Adjektiv |b a ckfertig |zum Backen vorbereitet, vorgefertigt backfertigen Teig kaufen

 

Backfisch

Back fisch Substantiv, maskulin , der |B a ckfisch |1 panierter gebackener Fisch 2 zu: Backfisch 1 (es sind die kleineren, jungen Fische, die sich hauptsächlich zum Backen eignen )veraltend weiblicher Teenager

 

Backform

Back form Substantiv, feminin , die |B a ckform |metallene oder irdene Form, in der etwas gebacken wird

 

Backgammon

Back gam mon Substantiv, Neutrum , das |bɛkˈgɛmən |das Backgammon; Genitiv: des Backgammon [s ] englisch backgammon, aus: back (back ) und gammon, wohl Nebenform von mittelenglisch gamen = Spiel mit Spielsteinen und zwei Würfeln zu spielendes Brettspiel für zwei Personen, bei dem derjenige gewinnt, der (mit taktischem Geschick bestimmten Regeln folgend ) als Erster alle seine Spielsteine aus dem Spiel herausnehmen kann

 

Background

Back ground Substantiv, maskulin , der |ˈbɛkgra͜unt englisch ˈbækgraʊnd |der Background; Genitiv: des Backgrounds, Plural: die Backgrounds englisch background, aus: back (back ) und ground = (Hinter )grund 1 bildungssprachlich Herkunft; Milieu, aus dem etwas erwachsen ist; geistiger, materieller, historischer Hintergrund von jemandem, etwas jemandes gesellschaftlicher Background 2 Berufserfahrung, Kenntnisse Exportkaufmann mit internationalem Background 3 Film Filmprojektion oder stark vergrößertes Foto als Hintergrund 4 Musik musikalischer Hintergrund

 

Backgroundmusiker

Back ground mu si ker Substantiv, maskulin , der der Backgroundmusiker; Genitiv: des Backgroundmusikers, Plural: die Backgroundmusiker englisch; griechisch-lateinisch zum Background 2 gehörender Musiker

 

Backgroundmusikerin

Back ground mu si ke rin Substantiv, feminin , die die Backgroundmusikerin; Genitiv: der Backgroundmusikerin, Plural: die Backgroundmusikerinnen weibliche Form zu Backgroundmusiker

 

Backgroundsänger

Back ground sän ger Substantiv, maskulin , der Sänger, der bei Auftritten im Hintergrund agiert

 

Backgroundsängerin

Back ground sän ge rin Substantiv, feminin , die weibliche Form von Backgroundsänger

 

Backhähnchen

Back hähn chen Substantiv, Neutrum , das |B a ckhähnchen |das Backhähnchen; Genitiv: des Backhähnchens, Plural: die Backhähnchen Backhendl

 

Backhand

Back hand Substantiv, feminin oder Substantiv, maskulin Sport , die oder der |ˈbɛkhɛnt englisch ˈbækhænd |die Backhand; Genitiv: der Backhand, Plural: die Backhands, selten: der Backhand; Genitiv: des Backhand [s ], Plural: die Backhands englisch backhand, aus: back (back ) und hand = Hand Rückhand [schlag ] im [Tisch ]tennis, Badminton, [Eis ]hockey und Polo

 

Backhendl

Back hendl Substantiv, Neutrum bayrisch, österreichisch , das |B a ckhendl |paniertes gebackenes Huhn

 

Backhendlstation

Back hendl sta ti on Substantiv, feminin österreichisch , die |B a ckhendlstation |Restaurant, in dem besonders Backhendln angeboten werden

 

Backhuhn

Back huhn , das Backhendl |B a ckhuhn |

 

Backlash

Back lash Substantiv, maskulin , der |ˈbɛklɛʃ englisch ˈbæklæʃ |der Backlash; Genitiv: des Backlash englisch backlash, eigentlich = Gegenschlag, aus: back = zurück und lash = Schlag (mit der Peitsche )Gegenreaktion, Gegenströmung; Konterschlag 3

 

Backlist

Back list Substantiv, feminin Buchwesen , die |ˈbɛklɪst englisch ˈbæk …|englisch backlist, aus: back = zurückliegend und list = Verzeichnis, Liste Anzahl, Reihe, Verzeichnis von Büchern, die nicht in neuester Zeit erschienen sind, aber weiterhin im Programm eines Verlags geführt werden

 

Backmischung

Back mi schung Substantiv, feminin , die |B a ckmischung |aus den für einen Teig notwendigen Zutaten bestehendes backfertiges Gemisch

 

Backobst

Back obst Substantiv, Neutrum , das |B a ckobst |Dörrobst Backobst einweichen

 

Backofen

Back ofen Substantiv, maskulin , der |B a ckofen |a Ofen des Bäckers zum Backen von Brot, Kuchen usw. b im Haushalt verwendeter, meist einen Teil des Herds darstellender Ofen zum Backen und Braten

 

Backoffice

Back of fice Substantiv, Neutrum Finanzwesen , das |ˈbɛk |ɔfɪs englisch ˈbækɔfɪs |das Backoffice; Genitiv: des Backoffice, Plural: die Backoffices englisch back office, aus: back = hinten (gelegen ) und office = Büro Buchhaltung bei Banken, Versicherungen o. Ä.

 

Backpacker

Back pa cker Substantiv, maskulin Jargon , der |ˈbɛkpɛkɐ englisch ˈbækpækə |der Backpacker; Genitiv: des Backpackers, Plural: die Backpacker englisch backpacker, zu: to backpack = als Rucksacktourist reisen, zu: backpack = Rucksack Rucksacktourist

 

Backpackerin

Back pa cke rin Substantiv, feminin , die weibliche Form zu Backpacker

 

Backpapier

Back pa pier Substantiv, Neutrum , das |B a ckpapier |Papier, mit dem Backformen und Backbleche ausgelegt werden, um das Anbacken 2a des Backwerks zu verhindern

 

Backpfeife

Back pfei fe Substantiv, feminin landschaftlich , die |B a ckpfeife |eigentlich wohl = Schlag, der um die Backen pfeift Ohrfeige

 

backpfeifen

back pfei fen schwaches Verb landschaftlich |b a ckpfeifen |

 

Backpfeifengesicht

Back pfei fen ge sicht Substantiv, Neutrum abwertend , das |B a ckpfeifengesicht |

 

Backpflaume

Back pflau me Substantiv, feminin , die |B a ckpflaume |Dörrpflaume

 

Backpulver

Back pul ver Substantiv, Neutrum , das |B a ckpulver |Treibmittel für den [Kuchen ]teig 200 g Mehl mit 1 TL Backpulver mischen

 

Backrohr

Back rohr Substantiv, Neutrum süddeutsch, österreichisch , das |B a ckrohr | Backofen b

 

Backröhre

Back röh re Substantiv, feminin , die |B a ckröhre | Backofen b

 

Backschaft

Back schaft Substantiv, feminin Seemannssprache , die |B a ckschaft |Tischgemeinschaft

 

Backslash

Back slash Substantiv, maskulin EDV , der |ˈbɛkslɛʃ englisch ˈbækslæʃ |englisch backslash, aus: back = zurück und slash = Hieb, Schnitt Schrägstrich von links oben nach rechts unten

 

Backspin

Back spin Substantiv, maskulin Golf, Tennis , der |ˈbɛkspɪn |der Backspin; Genitiv: des Backspins, Plural: die Backspins englisch ein mit Rückwärtsdrall geschlagener Ball

 

Backspring

Back spring Substantiv, maskulin Boxen , der |ˈbɛksprɪŋ |der Backspring; Genitiv: des Backsprings, Plural: die Backsprings englisch Sprung nach rückwärts, um dem Schlag des Gegners auszuweichen

 

bäckst

bäckst backen |b ä ckst |

 

Backstag

Back stag Substantiv, Neutrum Seemannssprache , das |B a ckstag |den Mast von hinten haltendes [Draht ]seil

 

backstage

back stage Adverb Jargon |ˈbɛksteɪd͜ʃ englisch ˈbæk …|im Bereich hinter der Bühne, hinter den Kulissen

 

Backstage

Back stage Substantiv, feminin , die |ˈbɛksteɪd͜ʃ englisch ˈbæk …|die Backstage; Genitiv: der Backstage, Plural: die Backstages Raum hinter der Bühne

 

Backstageausweis

Back stage aus weis Substantiv, maskulin , der

 

Backstein

Back stein Substantiv, maskulin , der |B a ckstein | Ziegel a

 

Backsteinbau

Back stein bau Substantiv, maskulin , der |B a cksteinbau |der Backsteinbau < Plural: -ten > Bau, Gebäude mit Backsteinen als Baumaterial

 

Backsteingebäude

Back stein ge bäu de Substantiv, Neutrum , das |B a cksteingebäude |Gebäude mit Backsteinen als Baumaterial

 

Backsteingotik

Back stein go tik Substantiv, feminin Kunstwissenschaft , die |B a cksteingotik |Sonderform der Gotik in Norddeutschland, die sich durch die Verwendung von Backstein als Baumaterial auszeichnet

 

Backsteinhaus

Back stein haus Substantiv, Neutrum , das |B a cksteinhaus |Haus mit Backsteinen als Baumaterial

 

Backsteinmauer

Back stein mau er Substantiv, feminin , die |B a cksteinmauer |Mauer aus Backsteinen

 

Backstube

Back stu be Substantiv, feminin , die |B a ckstube |Arbeitsraum einer Bäckerei

 

bäckt

bäckt backen |b ä ckt |

 

Backtracking

Back tra cking Substantiv, Neutrum , das |ˈbɛktrɛkɪŋ |das Backtracking; Genitiv: des Backtrackings englisch Lösungsverfahren, das die Teillösung eines Problems systematisch zur Gesamtlösung ausbaut, indem es bei Fehlern den Lösungsweg bis zu einem bestimmten Punkt zurückverfolgt und anschließend einen neuen sucht

 

Backtrog

Back trog Substantiv, maskulin , der |B a cktrog |langer Holztrog, in dem der Brotteig zubereitet wird

 

Back-up

Back-up , Back up Substantiv, Neutrum oder Substantiv, maskulin EDV , das oder der Backup |ˈbɛk |ap englisch ˈbækʌp ˈbɛk |ap englisch ˈbækʌp |das, auch: der Back-up; Genitiv: des Back-ups, Plural: die Back-ups das, auch: der Backup; Genitiv: des Backups, Plural: die Backups englisch back-up (copy ), zu: to back up = unterstützen; hinter jemandem stehen, zu: back = Rücken, back Sicherungskopie

 

Back-up-Line

Back-up-Line , Back up line Substantiv, feminin , die Backupline |…la͜in …la͜in |die Back-up-Line; Genitiv: der Back-up-Line, Plural: die Back-up-Lines die Backupline; Genitiv: der Backupline, Plural: die Backuplines englisch Gesamtheit der Kreditmöglichkeiten, die ein Kreditnehmer beanspruchen kann

 

Back-up-Programm

Back-up-Pro gramm , Back up pro gramm Substantiv, Neutrum EDV , das Backupprogramm Programm 4 zur Erstellung von Back-ups

 

Backware

Back wa re Substantiv, feminin , die |B a ckware |meist im Plural in einer Bäckerei hergestellte Ware (wie Brot, Brötchen und Kleingebäck )

 

Backwerk

Back werk Substantiv, Neutrum , das |B a ckwerk |Gebäck verschiedener Art

 

French Dictionary

backgammon

backgammon n. m. nom masculin Jeu de hasard avec des dés et des pions proche du jacquet.

 

background

background FORMES FAUTIVES Anglicisme pour arrière -plan, contexte, historique. Anglicisme pour antécédents, bagage, expérience professionnelle.

 

backlash

backlash Anglicisme pour choc en retour, contrecoup, effet boomerang, réaction.

 

back(-)office

back (-)office FORME FAUTIVE Anglicisme pour arrière -boutique.

 

back order

back order FORME FAUTIVE Anglicisme pour article en retard, en rupture de stock, commande en souffrance.

 

back-up

back-up Anglicisme pour sauvegarde (informatique ).

 

Spanish Dictionary

back

back nombre masculino Arg, Urug dep Jugador de fútbol que forma parte de la defensa de su equipo :el nuevo back puede ser determinante en el ascenso del equipo .

 

backgammon

backgammon nombre masculino 1 Juego de mesa que se practica entre dos jugadores con quince fichas cada uno; consiste en recorrer un tablero compuesto por veinticuatro casillas triangulares según los números obtenidos al tirar dos dados, ganando el jugador que consigue hacer todo el recorrido antes y sacar todas sus fichas del tablero .2 Conjunto de tablero y fichas que se usan en este juego .Se pronuncia ‘bacgamon ’.

 

background

background nombre masculino Conjunto de conocimientos y experiencias que constituyen el bagaje de una persona :necesitamos tu background para este proyecto .

 

backpack

backpack nombre femenino Chile Bolsa para transportar provisiones en excursiones, viajes u otro tipo de desplazamientos, que está confeccionada con tela resistente y a menudo impermeable y se lleva colgada a la espalda por medio de correas .SINÓNIMO mochila .Se pronuncia ‘bacpac ’.

 

back-up

back-up nombre masculino inform Copia de seguridad de uno o más archivos informáticos, que se hace, generalmente, para prevenir posibles pérdidas de información .ETIMOLOGÍA Préstamo del inglés back-up (copy ) ‘(copia de ) apoyo .Se pronuncia aproximadamente ‘bac-ap ’.

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

back

back /bæk /〖「(人 動物の )背中 」>「(物の )背部; (場所の )後ろ, 裏 」〗副詞 比較なし 1 後ろに [へ ], 後方に []; (体を )もたれて; (話し手の側から見て )離れて ;【場所から 】離れて «from » look [turn ] back 振り返る throw one's head back 急に頭をのけぞらせる sit back (いすなどに )ゆったりと座る ; くつろぐ Everyone, stand [stay ] back , I've lost my contact lens .皆さん下がってください, コンタクトレンズをなくしたんです keep [hold ] back the crowds from the barricades 群衆をバリケードに近づけないでおく What are you doing back here ?(相手を見つけて )こんなところで何しているんだ 2 a. (場所 状態などが )戻って , 元に go back home 家に帰る go back to work 仕事に戻る ; 復職する Wait here, I'll be back in a minute .ここで待ってて, すぐ戻るから We'll be (right ) back with our guest .⦅米 ⦆このあとはゲストの方をお迎えして進めてまいります (!コマーシャルに入る時の番組司会者のせりふ ) Welcome back! (しばらく留守だった人に )お帰りなさい Put the book back on the shelf .本を棚に戻しなさい be back where I started 振り出しに戻る ▸ a few pages back 数ページ前に b. (繰り返して )もう1度 play the tape back テープをかけ直す c. また人気が出て ; また流行して .3 a. 〖場所の表現を伴って 〗では (!話し手が自分の故郷などを話題にする時や場面の転換などに用いられる ) Back in London I used to go to a pub at weekends .ロンドンにいたころは週末になるとよくパブに行ったものだ Meanwhile, back (at ) home, everyone was praying for his safe return .一方家では, 彼が無事に帰宅することをだれもが祈っていた b. (過去に )さかのぼって, 以前に; (今から )…前に (ago )back in 1968 さかのぼること1968年に back then 当時は way back ⦅話 ⦆はるか昔 If you could go back in time, what time would you like to go back ?もし昔に戻れるとしたら, いつにする ▸ a few years back 数年前に think back to one's childhood 子供のころを回想する c. (時計を )遅らせて, 戻して .4 (相手の行為に )(…し )返して, 答えて I'll call (you ) back later .後で折り返し電話します pay A back A 〈人 〉に返済する ; Aに仕返しをする 5 (物が )(垂れ )下がらないように; (感情などを )抑えて ; 隠して fight [hold ] back one's tears 涙をこらえる b ck and f rth [f rward ]行ったり来たり ; 前後に ; 左右に ; (2点間を )あちこちに go back and forth in the classroom 教室を行ったり来たりする b ck of A ⦅ 米 くだけて ⦆A 〈物など 〉の後ろ [裏 ]に .th re [to A ] and b ck そこまで [Aまで ]の往復で (の )walk four miles there [to school ] and back そこまで [学校 ]の行き帰りに4マイル歩く w y back ⦅くだけて ⦆ずっと前に ▸ friends from way back ずいぶん昔からの友達 名詞 s /-s /1 C 〖しばしばone 's (人 動物の )背中 , , (! 首 (neck )から臀 でん 部 (buttocks )をさす ) ; 背骨 (backbone )Bob stood with his back to the door .ドアを背にしてボブは立っていた arch [curve ] one's back 背中を曲げる land [fall (flat )] on one's back 背中から落ちる [あお向けに倒れる ]have a pain in one's (lower ) back 腰が痛い 2 C 〖通例the a. (正面 前部に対して )後部 , 後ろ (rear ); ; (front )the back of one's head [hand ]後頭部 [手の甲 ]sit in the back of the car 車の後ろの席に座る (!コーパス 狭い場所ではinが普通だが, 広い場所ではatとinの両方が可能: sit at [⦅主に米 ⦆in ] the back of the bus バスの後ろの席に座る; 成句 at the back (of A )) the back of a house 家の裏手 in [⦅主に英 ⦆at ] the back of one's mind 心の奥で [に ]b. (表面に対して )裏, 裏側 ; (舞台の )背景 ▸ a note on the back of an envelope 封筒の裏面のメモ 3 C 〖通例the (本 新聞などの )最後のページ ▸ exercises at the back of the book 巻末の練習問題 4 C U スポーツ (サッカー ホッケーなどの )後衛, バック (の選手 ); その位置 .5 the Backs; 複数扱い 〗ケンブリッジ大学の裏庭 .6 C 〖通例the (形状 位置が )背中に相当するもの; (山の )尾根 ; (船の )竜骨 ; (衣類の )the back of a chair [knife ]いす [ナイフ ]の背 as s on as [wh n, wh le ] A's b ck is t rned A 〈人 〉がいなくなるとすぐ [いない時は ].at A's b ck 1 A 〈人 〉を支持 [後援 ]して .2 A 〈人 〉の背後に (忍び寄って ); A 〈人 〉の後ろに He stood with the sun at his back .彼は太陽を背にして立った at the b ck (of A )(A 〈物 人 〉の )後ろに [で ], (Aの )裏に (behind )(in front of ); (Aの )後部に, (Aの )奥に (behind 類義 ); (A 〈本など 〉の )終わり [最後 ]の方に There's a nice garden at the back of the house .家の裏にはすばらしい庭がある find an empty seat at the back (of the room )(部屋の )後ろの方に空席を見つける .b ck of A ⦅米 くだけて ⦆at the back (of A ).b ck to b ck 1 «…と » 背中合わせに «with » .2 ⦅主に米 ⦆立て続けに, 相次いで watch three movies back to back 映画を3本連続で見る b ck to fr nt ⦅英 ⦆1 後ろ前に (⦅米 ⦆backward ); (順番を )逆に, あべこべに with a hat on back to front 帽子を後ろ前にかぶって 2 何から何まで, 完全に 〈知っているなど 〉.behind A's b ck behind the b ck of A ⦅否定的に ⦆A 〈人 〉のいない所で ; 無断で (to A's face )whisper behind his back 陰で彼の内緒話をする br ak A's b ck A 〈人 〉に過大な負担をかける ; Aを破産に追い込む .br ak one's b ck 1 背骨を折る .2 ⦅話 ⦆ «…しようと » 一生懸命にがんばる «to do, do ing » .br ak the b ck of A 1 A 〈問題 仕事など 〉の最も困難 [重要 ]な部分を片づける .2 Aを撃破 [制圧 ]する .3 break A's back .c ver one's b ck 批判されないように (抜かりなく )やる .g t A's b ck p ⦅主に英 くだけて ⦆A 〈人 〉を怒らせる .g t off A's b ck ⦅くだけた話 ⦆A 〈人 〉のじゃまをしない ; A 〈人 〉のあら探しをやめる Get off my back !ほうっておいてくれ g t A off B's b ck ⦅くだけた話 ⦆A 〈人 〉にB 〈人 〉のじゃま [あら探し ]をするのをやめさせる .g t one's wn b ck ⦅くだけて ⦆【人に 】仕返しをする, 復讐する (⦅よりかたく ⦆revenge ) «on » .h ve one's b ck to [(p ) against ] the w ll 追い詰められる, 窮地に陥る .in b ck (of A )⦅米 くだけて ⦆at the back (of A ).kn w A like the b ck of one's h nd A 〈場所 道順など 〉を知り尽くしている .M nd your b ck (s )!⦅英 ⦆(人の後ろを通る時に )ちょっと失礼, どいてください .My (ching ) b ck! ⦅米俗 ⦆〖間投詞的に 〗くそ, ちぇっ, まったくもう ; 何だって (!不満 驚きなどを表す ) .on A's b ck 1 A 〈人 〉におぶさって ; Aに頼って .2 ⦅くだけて ⦆A 〈人 〉に無理強いをして ; Aにがみがみ言って .on one's b ck 1 あお向けに [で ](1 )be (flat ) on one's back ⦅くだけて ⦆病床に伏している ; ⦅比喩的に ⦆力尽きている .2 背負って ; 背後に迫って .on the b ck of A 1 Aの後ろ [裏側 ]に .2 A 〈達成 成功など 〉の結果として .o t b ck ⦅米 くだけて ⦆out [round ] the back .out [round ] the b ck ⦅英 くだけて ⦆(建物の )後ろ [裏手 ]に (ある ).p t A [give A a p t ] on the b ck 1 A 〈人 〉の背中をぱんとたたく .2 A 〈人 〉をよくやったとほめる (!Aは時にoneself ) .p t one's b ck into [to ] A ⦅英 くだけて ⦆A 〈仕事など 〉に全力を注ぐ, 本腰を入れる .p t [s t ] A's b ck p get A's back up .scr tch A's b ck 1 ⦅くだけて ⦆(自分も手伝ってもらう前提で )A 〈人 〉を手伝う .2 A 〈人 〉の背中をかく .s e the b ck of A ⦅くだけて ⦆A 〈人 〉を追い払う, Aと縁が切れる ; A 〈嫌な事など 〉が終わる, Aを片付ける [免れる ]I'm glad to see the back of him .やつ がいなくなってうれしいよ .st b A in the b ck 1 A 〈人 〉の背中を刺す .2 A 〈人 〉を裏切る ; A 〈感情など 〉を傷つける .the b ck of bey nd 人里離れた所, 僻 (へき ).t rn one's b ck on [upon ] A A 〈人 物 〉に背を向ける, Aを無視する ; Aを見捨てる .w tch one's b ck ⦅話 ⦆油断しない, 気をつける .with one's b ck to [(p ) against ] the w ll 追い詰められて, 窮地に陥って .形容詞 比較なし 名詞 の前で 〗1 後ろの , 後部の ; 背中の ; 後ろからの ; 裏の ; 奥の (front )sit in [on ] the back seat 後部座席に座る back pain 背中 [腰 ]の痛み (!腰痛を明確にするときはlower -back [low back ] pain ) the back door [street ]裏口 [通り ](backdoor )back teeth 奥歯 2 未払いの, 未納の back pay 未払い給与 back taxes 滞納税金 3 過去 [以前 ]の, 古い .4 音声 後舌の .動詞 s /-s /; ed /-t /; ing 他動詞 1 〈人が 〉 «…に /…から » 乗り物 を後退させる, バックさせる (reverse ); 〈人 〉を後ずさりさせる (up ) «to ward (s ), into /out of, from » back a car (up ) into the garage 車をバックさせてガレージに入れる 2 〈人が 〉〈人 案など 〉を 支援する, 後押しする (up )The candidate [bill ] is strongly backed (up ) by consumer groups .その候補者 [法案 ]は消費者団体から強い支持を受けている 3 〖通例be ed «…で » 〈本 衣服などが 〉裏打ちされている «with » .4 〖通例be ed 〈歌手などが 〉伴奏 [バックコーラスなど ]をしてもらう .5 〈競走馬など 〉(金を )(か )ける .6 〖通例be ed 〈場所が 〉後ろ [裏手 ] «…が » ある «by » Our garden is backed by woods .私たちの庭の後方に森がある .7 〈小切手など 〉に裏書きする .自動詞 1 〈人が 〉 «…に /…から » 後退する, 後ずさりする ; 〈車などが 〉バックする (up, away, off ) «into /from » back slowly away from the door ドアからゆっくりと後ずさりする 2 ⦅英 ⦆建物 場所などが 〉 «…と » 背面で接する «onto , on , on to » .3 〈風が 〉左回りに向きを変える (veer ).b ck and f ll ⦅米 ⦆決心 [態度 ]がぐらつく .b ck aw y 1 自動詞 1 .2 (恐怖 ショックなどで ) «…から » 後ずさりする «from » .3 (次第に )考え 計画などから 】手を引く ; «…の » 支援をやめる «from » .b ck d wn 降参する , 主張 要求 約束などを 】(強い反対にあって )取り消す [下げる ] «on , over , from » .b ck ff 1 自動詞 1 .2 ⦅くだけて ⦆〖命令形で 〗下がれ, こっちに来るな ; 口出しをするな, 干渉しないでくれ .3 back away (3 ).b ck ff A ⦅主に米 ⦆A 〈要求など 〉を取りやめる .b ck ut 1 契約 約束などを 】放棄する , 【事業などから 】手を引く «of » .2 «…から » 車をバックで出す ; 後ろ向きに出る «of » .b ck p 1 自動詞 1 .2 〘コンピュ 〙(ディスクなどの )バックアップをとる .3 〈車 交通が 〉渋滞する ; 〈トイレなどが 〉詰まる .b ck A p [p A ]1 他動詞 1 .2 〈事が 〉A 〈主張 考えなど 〉を裏付ける, 実証する .3 〈人が 〉 (証言に関してその真偽は定かではないが )A 〈人 〉を支援する .4 他動詞 2 .5 〘コンピュ 〙〈ディスクなど 〉のバックアップをとる .6 〖通例be ed 〈車 交通が 〉渋滞する ; 〈トイレなどが 〉詰まる .~̀ b nch backbench .~̀ c talog (ue )(歌手などの過去の )全作品 .~̀ c py ⦅英 ⦆back issue .~́ c untry the ⦅主に豪 ⦆辺境,(へき ); ⦅米 ⦆田舎, 山奥 .~̀ d or backdoor .~̀ nd 後ろ端 ; ⦅話 ⦆しり .~̀ form tion 〘言 〙逆成 (語 ).~̀ ssue (雑誌 新聞の )バックナンバー, 既刊号 .~́ m tter (書籍の )後付 (あとづけ ).~̀ n mber 1 back issue .2 ⦅くだけて ⦆時代遅れの人 [物, やり方 ].~̀ ffice (銀行 証券会社などの )非営業 [事務 ]部門 .~́ rder バックオーダー, (在庫切れによる )入荷待ち .~̀ p ssage ⦅遠回しに ⦆直腸 (rectum ); 肛門 (anus ).~́ r ad ⦅主に米 ⦆いなか道, わき道 .~̀ s at backseat .~́ st ry (映画 小説などの )背景 (となる出来事 ).~̀ str ight ⦅英 ⦆backstretch .~́ t lk ⦅米 くだけて ⦆backchat .

 

backache

b ck che 名詞 U C 慢性的な腰痛, 背中の痛み .

 

backbench

b ck b nch 名詞 C 通例 the es ⦅英 ⦆下院の平議員 [後方 ]席 ; the ; 単複両扱い 〗平議員連 (frontbench ).

 

backbencher

b ck b ncher 名詞 C ⦅英 ⦆下院の平議員, 陣笠 じんがさ 議員 〘党首や大臣以外の後方席に座る議員 〙.

 

backbite

b ck b te 動詞 (bite )他動詞 自動詞 (…の )陰口を言う, (…を )中傷する .b ck b t er 名詞 C 陰口を言う人 .

 

backbiting

b ck b t ing 名詞 U 陰口 ; 中傷 .

 

backboard

b ck b ard 名詞 C 1 (家具 額縁などの )背板 .2 ⦅米 ⦆〘バスケ 〙バックボード 〘リングの付いている板 〙.3 〘医 〙背骨矯正板 .

 

backbone

back bone /bǽkbòʊn /〖原義は 3 名詞 s /-z /1 the (制度 経済の )中心 ; (組織 チームの )大黒柱, 主力 .2 the 根幹 [中心 ]をなす部分 ; 中央山脈 ,分水嶺 れい .3 C 背骨 ,脊椎 せきつい (spine ).4 U 〖しばしば否定文で 〗気骨, 意志の強さ, 勇気 .5 C ⦅米 ⦆(本の ).6 C 〘コンピュ 〙基幹回線, バックボーン 〘ネットワークの中核をなす部分 〙.to the b ckbone 徹底した, 根っからの .

 

backbreaking

b ck br aking 形容詞 通例 名詞 の前で 〗骨の折れる, ひどく大変な, 力の要る 〈仕事など 〉.ly 副詞

 

backburner

b ck b rner 形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗後回しにした [された ], 棚上げにした .動詞 他動詞 …を後回しにする .

 

backchat

b ck ch t 名詞 ⦅英 くだけた話 ⦆U 口答え, 言い返し, (生意気な )返事 (⦅米 ⦆back talk ).

 

backcloth

b ck cl th 名詞 backdrop .

 

back-comb

b ck-c mb 動詞 他動詞 ⦅英 ⦆〈髪 〉に逆毛を立てる .

 

backdate

b ck d te 動詞 他動詞 1 ⦅英 ⦆文書 協定など 〉を (月日を ) «…まで /…から » さかのぼって有効にする [適用する ](postdate ) «to /from » (!しばしば受け身で ) .2 〈契約書など 〉に (実際より )前の日付を記入する (antedate ).

 

backdoor

b ck d or 形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗秘密の, 不正な 〈行動 過程など 〉; 裏口の .名詞 C 1 裏口 .2 不正手段 .through [by ] the backd or ⦅非難して ⦆不正手段で, 秘密裏に ; 裏口から .

 

backdrop

b ck dr p 名詞 C ⦅米文 ⦆(事件 場面などの )背景 ; 〘劇 〙背景幕 (backcloth ).

 

backer

b ck er 名詞 C 1 (企画 組織 人などに対する )後援者, 資金援助者 .2 (競馬などで )賭 (か )ける人 .3 裏打ち用のカンバス, 裏打ち材 .

 

backfield

b ck f eld 名詞 U 〖集合的に 〗アメフト 後衛 (の選手 ).

 

backfire

back fire /-́-̀ |-̀-́ /動詞 自動詞 1 計画 言動などが 〉【人などにとって 】逆効果になる, 裏目に出る, 期待はずれになる «on , against » .2 〈エンジンなどが 〉バックファイア [逆火 (さかび )]を起こす 〘エンジンの不調で排気管で爆発音を出す 〙.3 〈人などが 〉向かい火を放つ 〘山火事の延焼を防ぐための意図的な放火 〙.名詞 /-́-̀ C /1 バックファイア, 逆火 .2 向かい火 .

 

backgammon

back gam mon /bǽkɡæ̀mən, --́- /名詞 U バックギャモン 〘すごろくに似た2人用盤上ゲーム 〙.

 

background

back ground /bǽkɡràʊnd / (! 強勢は第1音節 ) 名詞 s /-dz /1 C «…における » (人の )素性 ; 経歴 , 生い立ち «in » one's educational background 学歴 ▸ a writer with a background in medicine 医学畑出身の作家 ▸ students from different backgrounds 違った生い立ちを持つ学生 2 C U 事件 出来事などの 】背景 , (背後にある )事情 «to » ; 〖形容詞的に 〗背景の background to the case 事件の背景 take place against a background of violence 暴力を背景にして起こる background information [knowledge, materials ]基本となる情報 [予備知識, 参考資料 ]3 C (絵画 舞台などの )背景, 遠景 (foreground ); 〖形容詞的に 〗背景の ; 後ろで聞こえる 音楽 音 〉background music バックグラウンドミュージック (⦅略 ⦆BGM )4 U 物理 バックグラウンド放射線 (background radiation ); U C 通信 暗雑音 (background noise ); 〘コンピュ 〙バックグラウンド 〘ユーザーが直接操作していないソフトウェア [状態 ]〙.in the b ckground 1 背景 [後ろ ]で [に ].2 〈人などが 〉表に出ない, 目立たない keep [stay ] in the background 後ろに控えている, 表に出ないでいる 動詞 他動詞 …に予備知識を与える .

 

backhand

b ck h nd 名詞 1 C 〖通例単数形で 〗テニス バックハンド .2 C 手の甲で打つこと .3 〖通例単数形で 〗左傾斜の筆跡 .形容詞 逆手打ちの (backhanded ); 左傾斜の筆跡の .副詞 逆手打ちで .

 

backhanded

b ck h nd ed /-ɪd /形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗反対の意味を持つ, あいまいな ; 間接的な 〈お世辞など 〉; 手の甲で打った ; バックハンドの 〈強打 打撃など 〉; 左傾斜の 〈筆跡 .

 

backhander

b ck h nder 名詞 C 1 バックハンドで打つこと .2 ⦅話 ⦆遠回しな攻撃 ; ⦅英 くだけて ⦆わいろ .

 

backhoe

b ck h e 名詞 C ⦅米 ⦆バックホー 〘道路建設などに使用される掘削機 〙.

 

backing

back ing /bǽkɪŋ /back (救護する )ing (こと )〗名詞 s /-z /1 U (主に金銭的な )援助, 後援 ;〖a ; 集合的に 〗後援者団体 financial backing 経済援助 2 C U 裏板 ; (生地の )裏打ち, 裏張り .3 C 伴奏, バックコーラス .4 U (手形などの )裏書き, 保証 .~́ st re 〘コンピュ 〙補助記憶装置 .

 

backlash

b ck l sh 名詞 C 政策 社会運動などに対する 】大衆の反感, 巻き返し «against » ; 〘機 〙(部品の )あそび, 急激な逆回転 ; 〘釣 〙(釣り糸の )もつれ .

 

backless

b ck less 形容詞 〈女性用の服などが 〉背中の大きく開いた ; 〈スリッパなどが 〉後ろの部分のない ; 背部のない .

 

backlist

b ck l st 名詞 C (出版社の )在庫リスト .

 

backlog

b ck l g 名詞 C 1 〖通例単数形で 〗(仕事などの大量の )やり残し, 未処理分, 残務 ; (商品などの )在庫, 備蓄 ▸ a huge backlog of work 大量にたまった仕事 .2 ⦅主に米 ⦆(火を絶やさぬよう )炉の奥に置く 大薪 まき .

 

backmost

b ck m st 形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗一番後ろの, 最後部の .

 

back-office

b ck- ffice 形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗非営業部門の .

 

backpack

b ck p ck 名詞 C ⦅米 ⦆バックパック, リュックサック (rucksack ) (!小型の子供用から大型の登山用のものまで広くさす ) .動詞 自動詞 バックパックを背負って旅行 [ハイキング ]する .他動詞 …をバックパックで運ぶ .er 名詞 C バックパッカー 〘バックパックで旅行する人 〙.

 

back(-)pedal

back (-)pedal /-́-̀ -|-̀-́ -/動詞 自動詞 1 (自転車などの )ペダルを逆にこぐ .2 約束 意見などを 】翻す, 撤回する «on » .

 

backrest

b ck r st 名詞 C (いすなどの )背もたれ .

 

backroom

b ck r om 名詞 1 〖形容詞的に 〗裏の, 秘密の, 舞台裏の 〈交渉など 〉; 裏方の ; 黒幕の ; 秘密機関の ▸ a backroom deal (政治家などによる )裏取引 2 C 奥の部屋 ; 秘密の会合場所 ; 秘密機関 [研究所 ].~̀ b y ⦅英 くだけて ⦆通例 s 〗(重要な研究に従事する )秘密研究員 (⦅男女共用 ⦆backroom scientist ).

 

backseat

b ck s at 名詞 C (車などの )後部座席 (car ); 目立たない [低い ]地位 . t ke a backs at 〈人が 〉日陰に身を置く, «…よりも » 重要でない立場になる, 〈物事が 〉 «…の » 二の次になる «to » .~̀ dr ver (後部座席から )運転手に余計な助言をする人 ; ⦅主に米 ⦆(権限外のことで無責任に )口出しする人 .

 

backside

b ck s de 名詞 C 1 ⦅くだけて ⦆時に s 〗けつ,しり (buttocks )▸ a kick [boot ] up the backside 尻をたたくこと, 活を入れること 2 (物などの )裏側 .G t off one's b ckside!怠けるな .s t on one's b ckside 怠ける .

 

backslapping

b ck sl pping 名詞 U 1 (祝福 激励のために )背中をたたくこと .2 (成功を祝う )大騒ぎ .形容詞 非常に心がこもった .

 

backslash

b ck sl sh 名詞 C 〘コンピュ 〙右下がりの斜線 〘\; コマンドに使用する 〙.

 

backslide

b ck sl de 動詞 slide 自動詞 (以前の悪い状態に )逆戻りする .b ck sl d er 名詞 C 再び悪い生活に戻る人 .

 

backsliding

b ck sl d ing 名詞 U (悪い状態への )逆戻り .

 

backspace

back space 動詞 /-̀-́ /自動詞 (パソコンなどで )1スペース分戻る .名詞 /-́-̀ /C (キーボードの )バックスペースキー (backspace key ).

 

backspin

b ck sp n 名詞 C 球技 (ボールの )逆回転, バックスピン .

 

backsplash

b ck spl sh 名詞 C (流しの後ろの )はね水よけ .

 

backstage

b ck st ge 副詞 1 舞台裏で [へ ], 楽屋で [へ ].2 内密に, ひそかに .形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗舞台裏の [にある, で起こる ]; 内密の ; (俳優 歌手などの )私生活の .

 

backstairs

back stairs /-́-̀ |-̀-́ /形容詞 ⦅否定的に ⦆名詞 の前で 〗秘密の, こそこそした ; 陰険な .名詞 〖複数扱い 〗裏階段 .

 

backstitch

b ck st tch 動詞 他動詞 …を返し針で縫う .自動詞 返し縫いをする .名詞 C 返し縫い .

 

backstop

b ck st p 名詞 C 1 野球 バックネット (!バックネット 」は和製英語 ) ; 捕手 .2 防壁となる物 [人 ].

 

backstreet

b ck str et 形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗違法の, 非合法の ; 裏通りにある .名詞 C 裏通り .

 

backstretch

b ck str tch 名詞 C スポーツ バックストレッチ 〘homestretchの反対側の直線コース 〙.

 

backstroke

b ck str ke 名詞 C 1 〖単数扱い 〗水泳 背泳 (swimming 関連 ); the 背泳競技 .2 バックハンド .3 反撃, 反動 .

 

backswing

b ck sw ng 名詞 C ゴルフ バックスウィング .

 

back-to-back

b ck-to-b ck 形容詞 名詞 の前で 〗1 ⦅米 ⦆連続の, 続けざまの 〈勝利など 〉.2 ⦅英 ⦆背中合わせに建てられた 〈家 〉.副詞 たがいに背中合わせで ; ⦅米 ⦆連続して .

 

backtrack

back track /bǽktræ̀k, -̀-́ /動詞 自動詞 1 意見 行為などを 】翻す, 撤回する «on » .2 来た道を引き返す, 逆戻りする .

 

backup

b ck p 名詞 U 〖具体例では 可算 1 予備, 代わりの物 [人 ]; 控え, 代役 ; 補助 .2 〘コンピュ 〙〖通例単数形で 〗(データやファイルの )バックアップ .3 支援 ; (警察 救急などの )応援 .4 伴奏 (者 ).5 ⦅米 ⦆車の列, 渋滞 ; (詰まって )あふれること .形容詞 1 予備の ; 控えの, 補助の ▸ a backup plan 代案 2 支援の ; 裏打ちとなる ; 伴奏を務める ▸ a backup singer バックコーラスの歌手 3 〘コンピュ 〙バックアップの, 非常用の .~́ d sk 〘コンピュ 〙バックアップディスク .~́ l ght ⦅米 ⦆(車の )後退灯 (⦅英 ⦆reversing light ).~́ s ftware 〘コンピュ 〙自動バックアップソフトウェア .

 

backward

back ward /bǽkwə r d / (! 強勢は第1音節 ) 副詞 比較なし (!⦅主に英 ⦆backwards ) 1 後ろへ , 後方へ (forward )fall [walk ] backward 後ろへ倒れる [あとずさりする ].2 逆に , 逆さに ; 後ろ前に count backward from ten 10から逆に数える with a cap on backward 帽子を前後逆にかぶって 3 悪化 [退化 ]して The law represents a step backward .その法律は悪い方に向かっていることを示している .4 過去にさかのぼって .b ckward (s ) and f rward (s )前後に, 行きつ戻りつ .b nd [l an ] over b ckward (s ) to do (人を助けたり喜ばせたりするのに )懸命に努力する, 無理をして …する .kn w A b ckward (s ) (and f rward (s ))A 〈物 事 〉を知りつくしている .形容詞 1 比較なし 通例 名詞 の前で 〗動作 視線などが 〉後ろ ()の, 後ろ向きの (forward )without a backward glance 振り向きもしないで take a backward step 後退する (!しばしば比喩的にも用いる ) 2 〈国 社会などが 〉進歩 [発展 ]の遅い (developing ); ⦅やや古 けなして ⦆〈子供などが 〉物覚えの悪い .3 «…する点で » 内気な, 気後れのする «in » .~̀ compatib lity 〘コンピュ 〙下位互換性 .ly 副詞 ness 名詞 U 後進性 ; 気後れ, しりごみ .

 

backward-looking

b ckward-l oking 形容詞 ⦅非難して ⦆考え 行動などが 〉時代遅れの ; 回顧的な (forward-looking ).

 

backwards

b ck w rds 副詞 ⦅主に英 ⦆backward .

 

backwash

b ck w sh 名詞 〖単数形で 〗1 (船 プロペラなどによる水 空気の )逆流, 引き波 .2 (事件の望ましくない )余波 .

 

backwater

b ck w ter 名詞 C 1 ⦅否定的に ⦆(へき ); 沈滞した [遅れた ]状態 ; 隔絶した場所 .2 川の淀 よど ; (ダム 洪水 潮などによってせき止められた )戻り水, 逆流 .

 

backwoods

b ck w ods 名詞 the ; 単複両扱い 〗⦅主に米 ⦆辺境地, 奥地 ; 辺鄙 (ぴ )な森林地帯 .形容詞 辺境の .

 

backwoodsman

b ck w ods man 名詞 -men C 1 辺境の住人 [出身者 ], いなか者 (⦅男女共用 ⦆backwoods person [settler ]).2 ⦅英 ⦆たまにしか登院しない上院議員 .

 

backyard

back yard /bæ̀kjɑ́ː r d /名詞 s /-dz /C 1 裏庭 (!⦅米 ⦆では芝生で, バーベキューをしたり, プールがあったりする; ⦅英 ⦆では石やコンクリート敷きで, 洗濯物を干すなどのためのスペース; yard 1 ) .2 近所 ; 勢力範囲, なわばり ; 興味 [専門 ]分野 .in A's (wn ) backy rd ⦅くだけて ⦆A 〈国 住民 人 〉の近隣 [勢力範囲, おひざ元 ]で .n t in my backy rd うちの近くにはいや 〘施設建設に反対する地元住民の決まり文句; nimby .