English-Thai Dictionary

so

ADV ดังนั้น  เพราะเหตุนี้  ด้วยเหตุนี้  ฉะนั้น  hence then therefore dang-nan

 

so

ADV ด้วย  เช่นกัน  duai

 

so

ADV มาก  เต็มที่  very extremely mak

 

so

ADV เช่นนั้น  อย่างนั้น  chen-nan

 

so

CONJ เพื่อ ว่า  เพื่อที่จะ  provided that therefore puea-wa

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

SO

adv. [L. sic, contracted. It is from some root signifying to set, to still, and this sense is retained in the use of the word by milkmaids, who say to cows, so, so, that is, stand still, remain as you are; and in this use, the word may be the original verb. ] 1. In like manner, answering to as, and noting comparison or resemblance; as with the people, so with the priest.
2. In such a degree; to that degree. Why is his chariot so long in coming? Judges 5:28.
3. In such a manner; sometimes repeated, so and so; as certain colors, mingled so and so.
4. It is followed by as. There is something equivalent in France and Scotland; so as it is a hard calumny upon our soil to affirm that so excellent a fruit will not grow here. But in like phrases, we now use that; "so that it is a hard calumny; " and this may be considered as the extablished usage.
5. In the smae manner. Use your tutor with great respect, and cause all your family to do so too.
6. Thus; in this manner; as New York so called from the duke of York. I know not why it is, but so it is. It concerns every man, with the greatest seriousness, to inquire whether theese thing are so or not.
7. Therefore; thus; for this reason; in consequence of this or that. It leaves instruction, and so instructors, to the sobriety fo the settled articles of the church. God makes him in own image an intelectual creature, and so capable of dominion. This statute made the clipping of coin hign treason, which it was not at common law; so that this was an enlarging staute.
8. On these terms, noting a conditional petition. Here then exchange we mutually forgiveness; SO may the guilt of all my broken vows, my perjuries to thee be all forgotten. So here might be expressed by thus, that is, in this manner, by this mutual forgiveness.
9. Provided that; on condition that, [L. modo. ] So the doctrine by but wholesome and edifying though there should be a want of exactness in the manner of speaking and resoning, it may be overlooked. I care not who furnishes the means, so they are furnished.
1 . In like manner, noting the concession of one proposition of fact and the assumption of another; answering to as. As a war should be undertaken upon a just motive, so a prince ought to consider the condition he is in when he enters on it.
11. So often expresses the sense of a word or sentence going before. In this case it prevents a repetition, and may be considered as a substitute for the word or phrase. "France is highly cultivated, but England is more so, " that is, more highly cultivated.
12. Thus; thus it is; this is the state. How sorrow shakes him! So now the tempest tears him up by th' roots.
13. Well; the fact being such. And so the work is done, is it?
14. It is sometimes used to express a certain degree, implying comparison, and yet without the corresponding word as, to render the degree definite. An astringent is not quite so proper, where relaxing the urinary passages is necessary.
15. It is sometimes equivalent to be it so, let it be so, let it be as it is, or in that manner. There is Percy; if your father will do me any honor, so; if not, let him kill the next Percy himself.
16. It expresses a wish, desire or petition. Ready are the appellant and defendant- So please your highness to behold the fight.
17. So much as, however much. Instead of so, we now generally use as; as much as, that much; whatever the quantity may be.
18. So so, or so repeated, used as a kind of exclamation; equivalent to well, well; or it is so, the thing is done. So, so, it works; now, mistress, sit you fast.
19. So so, much as it was; indifferently; not well not much amiss. His leg is but so so.
2 . So then, thus then it is; therefore; the consequence is. So then the Volscians stand; but as at first ready, when time shall prompt them, to make road upon's again.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

SO

So, adv. Etym: [OE. so, sa, swa, AS. swa; akin to OFries, sa, s, D.zoo, OS. & OHG. s, G. so, Icel. sva, sv, svo, so, Sw. s, Dan. saa, Goth. swa so, sw as; cf. L. suus one's own, Skr. sva one's own, one's self. sq. root192. Cf. As, Custom, Ethic, Idiom, Such. ]

 

1. In that manner or degree; as, indicated (in any way ), or as implied, or as supposed to be known. Why is his chariot so long in coming Judges v. 28.

 

2. In like manner or degree; in the same way; thus; for like reason; whith equal reason; -- used correlatively, following as, to denote comparison or resemblance; sometimes, also, following inasmuch as. As a war should be undertaken upon a just motive, so a prince ought to consider the condition he is in. Swift.

 

3. In such manner; to such degree; -- used correlatively with as or that following; as, he was so fortunate as to escape. I viewed in may mind, so far as I was able, the beginning and progress of a rising world. T. Burnet. He is very much in Sir Roger's esteem, so that he lives in the family rather as a relation than dependent. Addison.

 

4. Very; in a high degree; that is, in such a degree as can not well be expressed; as, he is so good; he planned so wisely.

 

5. In the same manner; as has been stated or suggested; in this or that condition or state; under these circumstances; in this way; -- with reflex reference to something just asserted or implied; used also with the verb to be, as a predicate. Use him [your tutor ] with great respect yourself, and cause all your family to do so too. Locke. It concerns every man, with the greatest seriousness, to inquire into those matters, whether they be so or not. Tillotson.He is Sir Robert's son, and so art thou. Shak.

 

6. The case being such; therefore; on this account; for this reason; on these terms; -- used both as an adverb and a conjuction. God makes him in his own image an intellectual creature, and so capable of dominion. Locke. Here, then, exchange we mutually forgiveness; So may the guilt of all my broken vows, My perjuries to thee, be all forgotten. Rowe.

 

7. It is well; let it be as it is, or let it come to pass; -- used to express assent. And when 't is writ, for my sake read it over, And if it please you, so; if not, why, so. Shak. There is Percy; if your father will do me any honor, so; if not, let him kill the next Percy himself. Shak.

 

8. Well; the fact being as stated; -- used as an expletive; as, so the work is done, is it

 

9. Is it thus do you mean what you say -- with an upward tone; as, do you say he refuses So [Colloq. ]

 

1 . About the number, time, or quantity specified; thereabouts; more or less; as, I will spend a week or so in the country; I have read only a page or so. A week or so will probably reconcile us. Gay.

 

Note: See the Note under Ill, adv. So. .. as. So is now commonly used as a demonstrative correlative of as when it is the puprpose to emphasize the equality or comparison suggested, esp. in negative assertions, and questions implying a negative answer. By Shakespeare and others so. .. as was much used where as. .. as is now common. See the Note under As, 1. So do, as thou hast said. Gen. xviii. 5. As a flower of the field, so he flourisheth. Ps. ciii. 15.Had woman been so strong as men. Shak. No country suffered so much as England. Macaulay. -- So far, to that point or extent; in that particular. "The song was moral, and so far was right. " Cowper. -- So far forth, as far; to such a degree. Shak. Bacon. -- So forth, further in the same or similar manner; more of the same or a similar kind. See And so forth, under And. -- So, so, well, well. "So, so, it works; now, mistress, sit you fast. " Dryden. Also, moderately or tolerably well; passably; as, he succeeded but so so. "His leg is but so so. " Shak. -- So that, to the end that; in order that; with the effect or result that. -- So then, thus then it is; therefore; the consequence is.

 

SO

SO So, conj.

 

Defn: Provided that; on condition that; in case that; if. Though all the winds of doctrine were let loose play upon the earth, so truth be in the field, we do injuriously, by licensing and prohibiting, to misdoubt her strength. Milton.

 

SO

SO So, interj.

 

Defn: Be as you are; stand still; stop; that will do; right as you are; -- a word used esp. to cows; also used by sailors.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

so

so 1 |sō soʊ | ▶adverb 1 [ as submodifier ] to such a great extent: the words tumbled out so fast that I could barely hear them | don't look so worried | I'm not so foolish as to say that. • extremely; very much (used for emphasis ): she looked so pretty | I do love it so. • informal used to emphasize a clause or negative statement: that's so not fair | you are so going to regret this. • informal used with a gesture to indicate size: the bird was about so long. 2 [ as submodifier with negative ] to the same extent (used in comparisons ): he isn't so bad as you'd think | without his parents ’ support, he would not have done so well. 3 referring back to something previously mentioned. • that is the case: “Is it going to rain? ” “I think so. ” | if she notices, she never says so. • the truth: I hear that you're a writer —is that so? • similarly; and also: times have changed and so have I. • expressing agreement: “It's cold in here. ” “So it is. ” • informal used to emphatically contradict a negative statement: it is so! 4 in the way described or demonstrated; thus: hold your arms so | so it was that he was still a bachelor. ▶conjunction 1 and for this reason; therefore: it was still painful, so I went to see a specialist | you know I'm telling the truth, so don't interrupt. • (so that ) with the result that: it was overgrown with brambles, so that I had difficulty making any progress. 2 (so that ) with the aim that; in order that: they whisper to each other so that no one else can hear. 3 and then; as the next step: and so to the finals. 4 introducing a question: so, what did you do today? • introducing a question following on from what was said previously: so what did he do about it? • (also so what? ) informal why should that be considered significant?: “Marv is wearing a suit. ” “So? ” | so what if he failed? 5 introducing a statement that is followed by a defensive comment: so I like anchovies —what's wrong with that? 6 introducing a concluding statement: so that's that. 7 in the same way; correspondingly: just as bad money drives out good, so does bad art drive out the good. PHRASES and so on (or forth ) and similar things; et cetera: these snacks include cheeses, cold meats, and so on. just so much chiefly derogatory emphasizing a large amount of something: it's just so much ideological cant. not so much —— as —— not —— but rather ——: the novel was not so much unfinished as unfinishable. only so much a limited amount: there is only so much you can do to protect yourself. or so see or 1. so as to do something in order to do something: she had put her hair up so as to look older. so be it an expression of acceptance or resignation. so far see far. so far, so good see far. so long! informal goodbye until we meet again. so long as see long 1. so many (or much ) indicating a particular but unspecified quantity: so many hours at such-and-such a speed. so much as [ with negative ] even: he sat down without so much as a word to anyone. so much for 1 indicating that one has finished talking about something: So much for the melodic line. We now turn our attention to the accompaniment. 2 suggesting that something has not been successful or useful: so much for that idea! so much so that to such an extent that: I was fascinated by the company, so much so that I wrote a book about it. so to speak (or say ) used to highlight the fact that one is describing something in an unusual or metaphorical way: delving into the body's secrets, I looked death in the face, so to speak. ORIGIN Old English swā, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch zo and German so .

 

so

so 2 |soʊ sō | ▶noun alternate spelling of sol 1.

 

Oxford Dictionary

so

so 1 |səʊ | ▶adverb 1 [ as submodifier ] to such a great extent: the words tumbled out so fast that I could barely hear them | don't look so worried | I'm not so foolish as to say that. • extremely; very much (used for emphasis ): she looked so pretty | I do love it so. • informal used to emphasize a clause or negative statement: that's so not fair | you are so going to regret this. • informal used with a gesture to indicate size: the bird was about so long. 2 [ as submodifier ] [ with negative ] to the same extent (used in comparisons ): he isn't so bad as you'd think | help without which he would not have done so well. 3 referring back to something previously mentioned: • that is the case: ‘Has somebody called an ambulance? ’ ‘I believe so ’ | if she notices, she never says so. • the truth: I hear that you're a writer —is that so? • similarly; and also: times have changed and so have I. • expressing agreement: ‘There's another one. ’ ‘So there is. ’. • Irish used for emphasis in a formula added at the end of a statement: your old man was the salt of the earth, so he was. • informal used to emphatically contradict a negative statement: it is so! 4 in the way described or demonstrated; thus: hold your arms so | so it was that he was still a bachelor. ▶conjunction 1 and for this reason; therefore: it was still painful so I went to see a specialist | you know I'm telling the truth, so don't interrupt. • (so that ) with the result that: it was overgrown with brambles, so that I had difficulty making any progress. 2 (so that ) with the aim that; in order that: they whisper to each other so that no one else can hear. 3 and then; as the next step: and so to the final. 4 introducing a question: so, what did you do today? • introducing a question following on from what was said previously: so what did he do about it? • (also so what? ) informal why should that be considered significant?: ‘He came into the shop this morning. ’ ‘So? ’ | so what if he failed? 5 introducing a statement which is followed by a defensive comment: so I'm a policeman —what's wrong with that? 6 introducing a concluding statement: so that's that. 7 in the same way; correspondingly: just as bad money drives out good, so does bad art drive out the good. PHRASES and so on (or forth ) and similar things; et cetera: these savouries include cheeses, cold meats, and so on. just so much chiefly derogatory emphasizing a large amount of something: it's just so much ideological cant. not so much —— as —— not —— but rather ——: the novel was not so much unfinished as unfinishable. only so much a limited amount: there is only so much you can do to protect yourself. or so see or 1. so as to do something in order to do something: she had put her hair up so as to look older. so be it an expression of acceptance or resignation. so far see far. so far so good see far. so long 1 informal goodbye till we meet again. 2 S. African in the meanwhile. [translation of Afrikaans solank. ] so long as see long 1. so many (or much ) indicating a particular but unspecified quantity: so many hours at such-and-such a speed. so much as [ with negative ] even: he sat down without so much as a word to anyone. so much for 1 indicating that one has finished talking about something: So much for the melodic line. We now turn our attention to the accompaniment. 2 suggesting that something has not been successful or useful: so much for that idea! so much so that to such an extent that: I was fascinated by the company, so much so that I wrote a book about it. so to speak (or say ) used to highlight the fact that one is describing something in an unusual or metaphorical way: delving into the body's secrets, I looked death in the face, so to speak. ORIGIN Old English swā, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch zo and German so .

 

so

so 2 ▶noun variant spelling of soh.

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

so

so adverb WORD NOTE so This intensifying adverb, pronounced with exaggerated stress, has the effect of turning phrases and nouns into adjectives, as in: I am so out of here, or Pashmina is so ten minutes ago, or I am so not interested in that movie. The Columbia Journalism Review's CampaignDesk.org reported in February 2004 on blog coverage of the presidential election campaign: "[X ] is still writing about WMDs or something, which is, like, so January. " — JS Conversational, opinionated, and idiomatic, these Word Notes are an opportunity to see a working writer's perspective on a particular word or usage.

 

Duden Dictionary

so

so Partikel |s o |Partikel; unbetont 1 drückt in Aussagesätzen eine Bekräftigung, Nachdrücklichkeit aus das war so ganz nach meinem Geschmack 2 drückt in Aussage- und Fragesätzen Unbestimmtheit aus und verleiht dem Gesagten oft den Charakter der Beiläufigkeit er machte sich so seine Gedanken | wie geht es euch [denn ] so? 3 drückt in einleitender Stellung in Aufforderungssätzen eine gewisse Nachdrücklichkeit aus, oft in Verbindung mit »doch «, »schon « so komm doch /schon endlich! | so glaub mir doch, ich konnte nichts tun

 

so

so Partikel sol |s o |Silbe, auf die beim Solmisieren der Ton g gesungen wird

 

so

so Konjunktion |s o |vgl. so 1 in der Fügung »so dass «: sodass 2 konditional gehoben falls so Gott will, sehen wir uns bald wieder 3 so + Adjektiv, Adverb konzessiv; oft in Korrelation mit »auch [immer ]«wenn (auch )/obwohl wirklich, sehr so leid es mir tut, ich muss absagen 4 so + Adjektiv, Adverb … so + Adjektiv, Adverb vergleichend so jung sie ist, so unerfahren ist sie

 

so

so Adverb |s o |mittelhochdeutsch, althochdeutsch sō; ursprünglich nur Adverb mit der Bedeutung »in dieser Weise «1 a meist betont bezeichnet eine durch Kontext oder Situation näher bestimmte Art, Weise eines Vorgangs, Zustands o. Ä.auf diese, solche Art, Weise; in, von dieser, solcher Art, Weise so ist es nicht gewesen | so betrachtet /gesehen, hat er recht | die so genannten Schwellenländer | spöttisch wo sind denn deine so genannten Freunde? | das kann man so und so, so oder so (in dieser und jener, in dieser oder anderer Weise ) deuten | wir können sie so (in diesem Zustand ) unmöglich allein lassen | als Korrelat zu »dass « sie spricht so, dass man sie gut versteht so oder so in jedem Fall du musst das Geld so oder so zurückzahlen b unbetont mit Ellipse des Verbs bei Zitaten oder Quellenangaben mit diesen Worten, in diesem Sinne äußert [e ] sich …, steht es in … man setzt hier ein Komma, so der Duden 2 a meist betont bezeichnet ein durch Kontext oder Situation näher bestimmtes [verstärktes ] Maß o. Ä., in dem eine Eigenschaft, ein Zustand o. Ä. vorhanden, gegeben ist in solchem Maße, Grade; dermaßen so einfach ist das gar nicht | (mit entsprechender begleitender Geste : ) er ist so groß | alles ging so weit (bis dahin ) gut, aber dann … | oft als Korrelat zu »dass « sie war so erschrocken, dass sie kein Wort hervorbringen konnte so weit sein umgangssprachlich fertig, bereit sein ; unpersönlich [von einem erwarteten Zeitpunkt o. Ä.] gekommen sein es ist [noch nicht, bald ] so weit b betont im Ausrufesatz oder in einer Art Ausrufesatz; oft in Verbindung mit der Partikel »ja «überaus, maßlos das tut uns [ja ] so leid! | ich bin so müde c meist unbetont kennzeichnet als Korrelat zu der Vergleichspartikel »wie « oder »als « eine Entsprechung ebenso, genauso es kam alles so, wie er es vorausgesehen hatte | so weiß wie Schnee (schneeweiß ) | du darfst nehmen, so viel wie du willst | es gefällt mir so wenig wie dir | so früh, bald, rasch, oft, gut wie /als möglich (möglichst früh, bald usw. )3 a meist betont umgangssprachlich in der Funktion eines Demonstrativpronomens; weist auf die besondere Beschaffenheit, Art einer Person oder Sache hin solch, solche so ein schönes Lied! | abwertend das ist auch so eine, einer in Bezug auf jemanden, der in eine bestimmte negative Kategorie eingeordnet wird | intensivierend so ein Pech, Zufall! (das ist wirklich ein großes Pech, ein großer Zufall ) | und so was (umgangssprachlich abwertend ; solch einen Menschen /solche Menschen ) nennt man nun seinen Freund /seine Freunde b unbetont veraltet, biblisch in der Funktion eines Relativpronomens welcher, welche, welches auf dass ich die, so unter dem Gesetz sind, gewinne (1. Korinther 9, 20 )4 betont umgangssprachlich ohne den vorher genannten oder aus der Situation sich ergebenden Umstand, Gegenstand ich hatte meine Mitgliedskarte vergessen, da hat man mich so reingelassen | ich habe so (ohne zusätzliche Arbeit, ohnehin ) schon genug zu tun 5 a unbetont umgangssprachlich relativiert die Genauigkeit einer folgenden Zeit-, Maß - oder Mengenangabe etwa, schätzungsweise so in zwanzig Minuten bin ich fertig | sie kamen so etwa /gegen 9 Uhr b unbetont umgangssprachlich; nachgestellt in Verbindung mit »und « oder »oder «; als vage Ergänzung oder nachträgliche Relativierung einer genau [er ]en Angabe Ähnliches eine Stunde oder so kann es schon dauern 6 a betont allein stehend oder in isolierter Stellung am Satzanfang; signalisiert, dass eine Handlung, Rede o. Ä. abgeschlossen ist oder als abgeschlossen erachtet wird, bildet den Auftakt zu einer resümierenden Feststellung oder zu einer Ankündigung so, das wäre geschafft, erledigt b betont allein stehend oder in isolierter Stellung am Satzanfang; drückt als Antwort auf eine Ankündigung, Erklärung Erstaunen, Zweifel aus so? (wirklich? ) Das wäre aber sonderbar 7 a unbetont; konsekutiv gehoben also, deshalb, infolgedessen du warst nicht da, so bin ich allein spazieren gegangen b unbetont; konsekutiv in diesem Falle … [auch ]; dann brauchst du einen Rat, so ruf mich an hilf dir selbst, so hilft dir Gott 8 unbetont; temporal drückt meist unmittelbare zeitliche Folge aus und schon; da es dauerte gar nicht lange, so kam er

 

SO

SO Abkürzung Südost [en ]

 

Spanish Dictionary

SO

SO Abreviatura de sudoeste , 'punto cardinal situado entre el sur y el oeste, a igual distancia de ambos' .

 

so

so 1 adverbio coloquial Se usa seguido de adjetivos despectivos para reforzar su significación :so idiota; so inútil .ETIMOLOGÍA Probablemente contracción de seor , variante vulgar de señor .

 

so

so 2 preposición formal Indica que alguna cosa está, real o figuradamente, bajo otra; en la actualidad se utiliza solamente en las expresiones so capa , so pretexto y so pena :ha venido a comer so pretexto de vernos; no tiene dinero para pagar el alquiler, so pena de que encuentre trabajo . VÉASE so capa de; so pena de; so pretexto de . ETIMOLOGÍA Voz patrimonial del latín sub ‘debajo de ’.

 

Sanseido Dictionary

SO

SO 〖 sneak out 〗スニーク -アウト 。音楽や効果音が次第に消えていくこと 。

 

SO

SO 〖 Somali Democratic Republic 〗ソマリア 。ISO の国 地域コードの一 。

 

SO

SO 〖 Special Olympics 〗 →スペシャル -オリンピックス

 

SO

SO 〖 stand off 〗 →スタンドオフ

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

so

so 1 /soʊ, しばしば ｟弱 ｠sə / (! sew, sow 1 と同音 ) 副詞 【程度 】 (!程度の段階がある語句の前で ) 1 〖強意 〗a. ｟主に話 ｠とても , 非常に , たいへん (very (much ), extremely ) (!女性がよく使う言葉とされる ) ▸ She looked so happy .彼女はとても幸せそうだった ▸ I am so sorry. Please forgive me .本当にすみません . どうか許してください ▸ Thank you so (very ) much .本当にありがとうございました ▸ You're so right! まったくあなたの言うとおりです ▸ I have so little time .私にはほとんど時間がない ▸ The art exhibition was just so much rubbish .その展覧会はとてもつまらなかった ▸ I worked ever so hard .僕はずいぶん一生懸命働いた (!ever soはsoの強意表現 ) 語法 ①an angry womanのような不定冠詞を伴う名詞句にsoが用いられる場合, ｟かたく ｠so angry a womanという語順になる (↓成句 so … that …).②soやsuchはveryと同じように程度が高いことを表すが, 前者は 「そんなに 」とすでに知られている, あるいは一目瞭然 （りょうぜん ）の情報をさす場合に用いられる. そのためso lateとvery lateは意味が異なる (↓2 )▸ He came very late .彼はとても遅くやってきた (!単なる情報として 「来るのがとても遅い 」の意味 ) ▸ I'm surprised that he came so late .彼がそんなに遅れて来たとは驚いた (!話し手はどれくらい遅れたかを知っており 「そんなに遅れるなんて 」の意味 ) b. ｟やや古 ｠〖動詞 の前で 〗とても, 非常に ▸ I so enjoyed his latest movie .彼の最新の映画をずいぶん楽しんだ c. ｟米 くだけた話 ｠全然 … (!名詞句や 動詞 を修飾して; 10代の女性が好んで用いる ) ▸ My boyfriend is (just ) so not the macho kind of guy .私の彼, 全然マッチョ風じゃないよ 2 〖その場の状況を受けた程度 〗a. そんなに , こんなに , それほどに , これほどに ▸ Don't talk so loud .そんなに大声でしゃべらないでくれ ▸ I've never seen so many people at a concert .コンサートでこんなにたくさんの人を見たことがない ▸ Why are you so sure of that? どうしてそんなに確信があるのですか b. ｟話 ｠〖しばしばjust /about ～〗これくらい (!身ぶりや手ぶりで大きさ 数量などを表す ) ▸ You need to buy sticks about so long .それぐらいの長さの棒を買ってくる必要があるよ c. ｟やや古 ｠〖文尾で 動詞 を修飾して 〗そんなふうに , こんなふうに ▸ There's no need to panic so .そんなにあわてる必要はない 【代用 】3 〖先行する語 句 節の代用 〗a. 〖節の代用 〗そう (で ), そのとおり (で ), そのように (↔not )▸ I might be home late tonight. If so , don't wait up for me .今夜は遅くなるかもしれない . もしそうなったら起きて待っていなくてもいいからね (!if notは 「もしそうでなければ 」の意味 ) ▸ “Auto racing is pretty dangerous. ” “Maybe so , but it appeals to a lot of people. ”「自動車レースはとても危険です 」「そうかもしれませんがたいへん人気があります 」(≒That may be true, but …)▸ Peter used to work for the government, or so he says .以前ピーターは政府に勤務していた . 少なくとも彼はそう言っている (!類似表現に So I hear [understand ].(そのようだね )がある ) コミュニケーション A: Will they give us a discount? 値引きしてくれるだろうか .B: I hope so . そうしてくれると思うよ .❢soは (that ) they will give us a discountの代用. 否定の応答は ↓語法 .X: Is that John's car? あれはジョンの車なの .Y: I don't think so . 違うよ .❢｟コーパス ｠I think not. ともいうが, I don't think so. の方が普通 .A: I feel sick. I shouldn't have drunk so much . 気分が良くない. 飲み過ぎるんじゃなかった .B: Well, I told you so . だから言ったでしょ .語法 ①soを従えることのできる主な 動詞 : assume, believe, expect, fear, guess, hear, hope, imagine, say, suppose, think, understand, It appears [seems ]. ただし, ╳know soとはしない .②前出の内容を否定する場合はnotを用いる (→not 8 )▸ “Do you have to work late tomorrow? ” “I hope not. ”「明日は遅くまで働かなければいけないの 」「そうじゃないと願いたいね 」▸ “Are you feeling better? ” “I'm afraid not. ”「気分はいいの 」「それがよくないのよ 」b. 〖A do so 〗〈人が 〉そうする , 〈物が 〉そうである (→it 代名詞 2 類義 (2 ))▸ He asked me to check his calculations and I did so [that, it ].彼は僕に計算のチェックをしてくれと頼んだので, 僕はそうした (!soはcheck his calculationsの代用; 行為, 動作を表す 動詞 が先行する場合はthat, itも使える ) ▸ “They think he is mad. ” “We do so too. ”「みんな彼の頭がおかしいと思っている 」「私たちもそう思っています 」 (!知覚 認識を表す 動詞 が先行する場合はdo soを用いる ) c. 〖先行の補語の代用 〗そのようで ▸ His poems became popular and remain so among young people .彼の詩は有名になり, 若者の間では今もそうだ (!soはpopularの代用 ) ▸ Children are troublesome, and even more so if they're badly-behaved .子供というものはやっかいな存在で, 行儀の悪い子はなおさらだ d. ｟話 ｠〖しばしばbe ～〗本当だ (true )(↓形容詞 1 )▸ I hear you're going to leave us. Is that so? 出て行くと聞いたけど, 本当にそうなの (≒… Is that true? )▸ She believes I spread the rumors about her but that just isn't so .彼女は僕がうわさを広めたと信じているけどそんなこと絶対ないからね e. ｟米話 ｠〖I do /it is ～〗違うよ … だよ (!相手の否定発言に言い返す場合に, 主に子供が用いる表現 ) ▸ “You don't have a dog! ” “I do (, ) so !”「お前は犬を飼っていないだろう 」「飼っているよ 」4 ｟話 ｠a. 〖so ＋動詞 ＋A 〗Aもそうだ (↔neither )(→similarly 読解のポイント )▸ John is a doctor and so is his sister .ジョンは医者で妹も医者だ ▸ “I prefer red wine. ” “So do I.”「私は赤ワインが好きよ 」「僕も赤が好きだ 」語法 ①前出の肯定文を受ける. 否定文を受ける場合は, neither, norまたは文末でeitherを用いる ▸ “I don't like whiskey. ” “Neither do I [I don't like it either ].”「僕はウイスキーは好きじゃないのです 」「私もよ 」(→neither 副詞 , nor )②動詞 は前文にbe動詞 助動詞 が用いられている場合はbe動詞 助動詞 を, 前文に一般動詞が用いられている場合はdoを用いる ▸ “I'd like to know what's happening out there. ” “So would I.”「そこで何が起こっているのか知りたいものだ 」「僕もだ 」③文末焦点の原則が働いて, so ＋動詞 ＋AではAが強調されて 「Aもそうだ 」の意味になり, so ＋A ＋動詞 では 動詞 が強調されて 「確かにその通りだ 」の意味になる (↓4 b ).b. 〖so ＋A ＋動詞 〗(忘れていたり, 気がつかなかったことを相手に指摘されて )確かにその通りだ (!Aは 代名詞 ) ▸ “Look ―isn't that Mary over there? ” “So it is ―I haven't seen her for ages.”「ほら見て, あそこにいるのはメリーじゃないの 」「確かにそうだ, もうずいぶん彼女には会っていないな 」▸ “I hear he is coming tonight. ” “So he is. ”「今夜彼が来るのでしょう 」「そうだった 」5 ｟主にアイル ｠〖強調のために先行節を繰り返して 〗本当に , まったくもって ▸ Bill is honest, so he is .ビルは正直者だ, 実に正直だ 【様態 】6 そんなふうに , そのように ; こんなふうに ▸ Tie the two ends together, (like ) so .｟話 ｠両端をそういうふうに結びなさい ▸ So it was that they married and lived happily ever after .｟文 ｠そうして彼らは結婚して幸せな生活を送ったとさ (!It was so that … の強調構文でsoを文頭に置いたもの; 物語の結末で用いられる ) (and ) s ó そういうわけで (｟かたく ｠(and ) therefore )(↔and yet )▸ He caught cold, and so he can't come tonight .彼はかぜをひいてしまって今夜来られないのです (!｟話 ｠ではしばしばandは省略される; ↓接続詞 1 ) and s ó f ò rth ＝and s ó ò n (and s ó f ò rth )…など (｟略 ｠etc. , & c.) (!物事を列挙した後に用いる; →for example 読解のポイント , and others ) ▸ I have stamps with pictures of animals on them ―elephants, lions, tigers, monkeys, and so on (and so forth ).僕はゾウやライオン, トラ, サルなどの動物切手を持っている B è it s ó .＝so 1 be it .by s ó do ing 〖文頭で 〗そうすることによって .è ven s ó ｟話 ｠〖文修飾 〗そうは言っても, それにもかかわらず (nevertheless ) (!通例文頭で; howeverより対照の意図が強い; 逆接の詳細は →but 読解のポイント ) .H ò w s ó? →how .ì n so f á r as …→far .A is s ó B ｟非標準 ｠A 〈行動 しぐさ 〉はいかにもB 〈人名 〉らしい ▸ His hairstyle is so Bruce Willis .彼のヘアスタイルはブルース ウィリス張りだ ▸ It was so Peter! いかにもピーターらしいね (Just ) à s A, s ó (too ) B .｟かたく ｠Aであると同様にBである (→similarly 読解のポイント )▸ Just as the teacher plays the role of leader in the classroom, so does the captain play a leadership role in the team .教室では教師がリーダーシップを発揮するのと同様に, チーム内ではキャプテンがリーダーシップを発揮する ▸ Just as ballet dancers study all their lives, so do good actors .バレエダンサーが生涯訓練を忘れないのと同様に, 優秀な役者も鍛錬を怠らない j ù st s ó 1 きちんとなっている, 整頓 （せいとん ）されている .2 ｟古 ｠まさにその通り (だ )(quite so ).L è t it be s ó .＝so 1 be it .n ó t s ò A as B ｟かたく ｠BほどAではない (!Aは 形容詞 副詞 ; as Bはしばしば省略される; ｟コーパス ｠今ではnot as A as Bの方が普通 ) ▸ The program wasn't so interesting as last week .番組は先週ほどおもしろくなかった ▸ She's not so good a cook as her husband .彼女は夫ほど料理がうまくない ▸ I haven't seen him so happy in years .あんなに幸せそうな彼をここ数年見たことがない (!as thatが省略されている ) .ò h s ó ｟文 ｠非常に .only so m á ny [m ú ch ] A たったこれだけの数 [量 ]のA ▸ There are only so many places he could be hiding .彼が隠れることができるのは数か所に過ぎない (≒There are only a limited number of places …)… or s ó …かそれくらい, …かそこら ▸ We waited for ten minutes or so .僕たちは10分ぐらい待った s ó and s ò →so-and-so .s ó as to do ＝くだけて s ó 's to do 1 〖目的 〗｟ややかたく ｠…するために (in order to do )▸ I put on a coat so as to keep warm .寒くないようにコートを着た ▸ I'm going to leave now so as not to be late .遅刻しないようにこの辺でおいとまします 2 〖程度 〗…するほどに ▸ The suit was not too complicated so as to confuse the jury .その訴訟は陪審を混乱させるほど複雑なものではなかった 類義 so as to doとin order to do, to do 1 ｟コーパス ｠「…するために 」という表現ではtoがもっとも一般的. in order to doとso as to doはともに ｟書 ｠で好まれ, in order to doの方がより 〘かたく 〙, 頻度も高い. so as to doは 「結果 」, in order to doは 「目的 」をより意識した表現 .2 have, knowなどの状態動詞の前ではto doよりもin order to do, so as to doの方が普通 ▸ I listened to him carefully so as to know more about him .私は彼のことをもっとよく知るため彼の話を注意深く聞いた 3 否定の目的 「…しないように 」の意味を表すためにはtake care, be carefulなどの直後を除いてnot to doは用いられず, so as not to do, in order not to doの形が普通用いられる ▸ Anna moved quietly so as not to [╳not to ] disturb them .アンナは彼らのじゃまをしないように静かに移動した 4 ｟コーパス ｠目的以外に自然の成り行き 結果を暗示するときはso as to doが好まれる ▸ I got up early so as to take the first train .私は早起きしたので始発列車に乗れた 5 so as to doはin order to doと異なり, 通例文頭には用いない ▸ In order to [╳So as to ] pass the exam, I think you should work harder .試験に合格するためにはもっと勉強した方がよいと思う 6 so as to doはin order to doと異なり意味上の主語を置くことができない ▸ She drove his son to the station early this morning in order for him to [╳so as for him to ] catch the first plane for Moscow .息子がモスクワ行きの最初の飛行機に乗れるよう彼女は今朝早く駅まで車で送った s ó A as to do …するほどAな [に ] (!Aは 形容詞 副詞 ; ↓so … that …) ▸ He's not so naive as to fall for that trick .彼はそんなトリックに引っかかるほどうぶじゃない ▸ Would you be so kind as to pass the sugar? ｟主に英 ｠恐れ入りますが砂糖を取っていただけますか (!｟米 ｠ではWould you be kind enough to pass the sugar? の方が普通 ) ▸ These ecological changes came on so slowly as to be unnoticeable .こうした生態系の変化は気がつかないほどゆっくりと進んだ so b é it ｟かたく ｠それならそれでいい [仕方ない ]; そうあってほしい (!しぶしぶの承諾を表す ) ▸ If that's what you think of me, then so be it .もし君が僕のことをそう思っているのなら, それならそれでいいよ so m ú ch as →not so much A as B .so m ú ch for A →much 代名詞 .s ó s ò ｟話 ｠まあまあというところ, かなり (で ).s ó that …1 〖目的 〗〖通例コンマを伴わずに 〗…するために, …するように (｟かたく ｠in order that …) (!(1 )that節中はcan, ｟話 ｠will, ｟かたく ｠mayなどのほか直説法現在も用いる. (2 )soが省略されることがあるが ｟かたく ｠響く; ｟主に米 くだけて ｠ではthatが省略されることがある; →that 接続詞 6 ) ▸ I gave him my address so (that ) he could contact me .僕と連絡が取れるようにと彼に住所を教えた ▸ The door was locked so that he couldn't get out of the room .彼が部屋から出られないようにドアはロックされた (≒The door was locked to prevent him from getting out of the room. )▸ He's going to leave home early so that he doesn't [won't ] miss the first train .始発列車に乗り遅れないように彼は早く家を出るつもりだ (≒He's going to leave home early to avoid missing the first train. )2 〖結果 〗〖通例コンマの後で 〗その結果 …, それで …, それだから …(→therefore 読解のポイント )▸ The tunnel was only about three feet high, so (that ) we had to crawl through on hands and knees .トンネルは3フィートの高さしかなかった . それで我々ははって通らなければならなかった s ó … that …1 〖結果 〗〖前から訳して 〗非常に [とても ]…なので …である (!(1 )soの後の …は程度に段階がある 形容詞 副詞 . (2 )｟くだけて ｠ではthatが省略されることがある; →that 接続詞 3 a ) ▸ The pain was so severe that she had trouble sleeping .あまりにも痛みが激しくて彼女は眠れなかった (≒She had trouble sleeping as a result of the pain being so [╳very ] severe. )▸ He drove so fast (that ) he scared me .彼はスピードを出して運転したので私は怖かった 語法 1 語順 ｟かたく ｠ではso ＋形容詞 ＋a (n )＋名詞 の語順が用いられることがある. この構文では, so many [few ]＋複数形 C 名詞やso much [little ]＋U 名詞を除いて, 複数形 C 名詞や U 名詞は用いない .2 倒置 ｟かたく ｠ではsoを文頭に置き主語 ＋動詞 を倒置させることがある ▸ So bad was the weather in June that the troops didn't proceed any more .6月の天候は悪くて軍勢はそれ以上前進しなかった 3 因果関係 so … that … の主節と従属節の間には因果関係が必要で, 次の用例では因果関係が明瞭 （めいりよう ）でないのでso … that … は用いられない ▸ His house is very big and [╳so big that ] it has 4 bedrooms .彼の家は大きくて寝室が4つもある 4 動詞 love, like, enjoy, despiseなど情緒的な反応を示す 動詞 と一緒に用いられることがある ▸ I so enjoyed the novel that I read it four times .その小説がずいぶん気に入ったので4回も読んだ (!I enjoyed the novel so much that I … の方が普通 ) 2 〖程度 〗｟かたく ｠〖否定文で; 後ろから訳して 〗…である [する ]ほど [くらい ]に …でない (!soの後の …は程度に段階がある 形容詞 副詞 ) ▸ Mary was not so excited that she could hardly sleep .メリーは眠れないほど興奮しているわけではなかった (!前から訳し下すと意味が逆になり矛盾が生じることに注意 ) 3 〖様態 〗｟かたく ｠〖後ろから訳して; 過分 を修飾して 〗…するように …である, …というふうに …である ▸ The traditional Japanese house is so constructed that human beings and nature can easily blend together .伝統的な日本家屋は人間と自然が容易に一体化できるように作られている Th á t's s ò …｟話 ｠だから …だ ▸ I put a lot of food in the refrigerator. That's so you don't have to buy your own .冷蔵庫にたくさん食べ物を入れておきましたから, ご自分の分は買う必要はありません .接続詞 1 ｟話 ｠だから , そういうわけで , それで (↑so that … (2 ); →therefore 読解のポイント )▸ It was raining so the game was cancelled .雨が降っていたので試合は中止になった 2 さて , そして (!相手の注意を引き話が次の展開に移ることを表す ) ▸ So after the explosion the whole place went up in flames .それで爆発の後その場は炎に包まれたのです 3 ｟話 ｠確かに … だが (!他人に行為などを非難された後で, たいしたことはないではないかという気持ちを表して用いる ) ▸ So we're a few minutes late. It's no big deal .確かに数分遅刻したがたいしたことじゃないよ 4 ｟話 ｠さて (!相手の注意を引き意見や質問をする時に用いる ) ▸ So , how are you today? ところでご機嫌はいかがですか ▸ So , let's check. Have we got everything? さて何か忘れ物をしていないかチェックしてみよう 5 ｟話 ｠それでは , では (then ) (!最終的なまとめの発言をする時に用いる ) ▸ So , let's close the meeting .それではこの辺でお開きにしましょう ▸ So , that's it for today .では今日はここまでです 6 ｟主に米 くだけて ｠〖目的の従属節を従えて 〗…するように , …するために (↑成句 so that …).7 ｟話 ｠それで (は ) (!相手の言葉を受けて質問をする時や自分の理解を確認する時に用いる ) ▸ So that's your final decision? ではそれがあなたの最終的な決定ですね j ù st s ó …｟話 ｠…しさえすれば, …の限りは (if and only if …)▸ Just so we can get there today, we don't care how much it costs .今日中にそこに着けるのなら費用は気にしないのだが so th à t's th á t まあそういうことです .so th é n それでは, それだから .S ò wh á t?→what .間投詞 〖驚き 不快などを表して 〗まさか ; それで (どうしたって言うの )(So what? ); 〖是認などを表して 〗ようし , そのまま .形容詞 1 ｟主に話 ｠〖be ～〗正しい , 間違いない (↑副詞 3 d ).2 〖more /less /too much ～の形で; 前出の 形容詞 の代用 〗そのような (↑副詞 3 c ).

 

so

so 2 名詞 ＝sol 1 .