The Wordsmith Dictionary

Exact matches only Allow stemming Match all embedded

English-Thai Dictionary

refract

VT ทำให้ หักเห reflect tam-hai-hak-hea

refraction

N การหักเห ของ แสง kan-hak-hea-kong-sang

refractive

A เกี่ยวกับ การหักเห

refractometer

N เครื่องมือ หา ค่า ดรรชนี การหักเห ของ สาร

refractor

N คน หรือ สิ่ง ที่ หักเห kon-rue-siang-ti-hak-hea

refractory

ADJ ซึ่ง ทน ความร้อน ซึ่ง หลอม ยาก heat-resistant sueng-ton-kwam-ron

refractory

ADJ ซึ่ง ไม่ ตอบสนอง ต่อ การรักษา ดื้อยา unresponsive to treatment sueng-mai-tob-sa-nong-tor-kan-rak-sa

refractory

ADJ ดื้อรั้น หัวดื้อ หัวรั้น ไม่ อ่อนน้อม disobedient recalcitrant due-ran

refractory

ADJ วัตถุ ทน ความร้อน สูง วัตถุ ที่ ไม่ หลอมละลาย เมื่อ ถูก ความร้อน heat-resistant wad-tu-ton-kwam-ron-suang

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

REFRACT

v.t.[L. refractus, refringo; re and frango, to break. ] To break the natural course of the rays of light; to cause to deviate from a direct course. A dense medium refracts the rays of light, as they pass into it from a rare medium.

REFRACTARIAS

n.A mineral.

REFRACTED

pp. 1. Turned from a direct course, as rays of light.
2. a. In botany, bent back at an acute angle; as a refracted corol.

REFRACTING

ppr. 1. Turning from a direct course.
2. a. That turns rays from a direct course; as a refracting medium.

REFRACTION

n.The deviation of a moving body, chiefly rays of light, from a direct course. This is occasioned by the different densities of the mediums through which light passes. Refraction out of a rarer medium into a denser, is made towards the perpendicular.
Refraction may be caused by a body's falling obliquely out of one medium into another.
Refraction double, the separation of a ray of light into two separate parts, by passing through certain transparent mediums, as the Iceland crystal. All crystals, except those whose primitive form is either a cube or a regular octahedron, exhibit double refraction.

REFRACTIVE

a.That refracts or has power to refract or turn from a direct course; as refractive densities.

REFRACTORINESS

n.[from refractory. ] Perverse or sullen obstinacy in opposition or disobedience.
I never allowed any man's refractoriness against the privileges and orders of the house.

REFRACTORY

a.[L. refractarius, from refragor, to resist; re and fragor, from frango.] 1. Sullen or perverse in opposition or disobedience; obstinate in non-compliance; as a refractory child; a refractory servant.
Raging appetites that are most disobedient and refractory.
2. Unmanageable; obstinately unyielding; as a refractory beast.
3. Applied to metals, difficult of fusion; not easily yielding to the force of heat.

REFRACTORY

n. 1. A person obstinate in opposition or disobedience.
2. Obstinate opposition. [Not used. ]

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

REFRACT

Re *fract " (r *fr $kt "), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refracted; p. pr. & vb. n.Refracting. ] Etym: [L. refractus, p. p. of refringere; pref. re- re- + frangere to break: cf. F. réfracter. SEe FRacture, and cf. Refrain, n.]

1. To bend sharply and abruptly back; to break off.

2. To break the natural course of, as rays of light orr heat, when passing from one transparent medium to another of different density; to cause to deviate from a direct course by an action distinct from reflection; as, a dense medium refrcts the rays of light as they pass into it from a rare medium.

REFRACTABLE

REFRACTABLE Re *fract "a *ble (-*b'l ), a.

Defn: Capable of being refracted.

REFRACTED

REFRACTED Re *fract "ed, a.

1. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Bent backward angularly, as if half-broken; as, a refracted stem or leaf.

2. Turned from a direct course by refraction; as, refracted rays of light.

REFRACTING

REFRACTING Re *fract "ing, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to refract; as, a refracting medium. Refracting angle of a prism (Opt. ), the angle of a triangular prism included between the two sides through which the refracted beam passes in the decomposition of light. -- Refracting telescope. (Opt. ) See under Telescope.

REFRACTION

Re *frac "tion (r *frk "shn ), n. Etym: [F. réfraction.]

1. The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.

2. The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different density from that through which it has previously moved. Refraction out of the rarer medium into the denser, is made towards the perpendicular. Sir I. Newton.

3. (Astron.) (a ) The change in the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates, arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction. (b ) The correction which is to be deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true altitude. Angle of refraction (Opt. ), the angle which a refracted ray makes with the perpendicular to the surface separating the two media traversed by the ray. -- Conical refraction (Opt. ), the refraction of a ray of light into an infinite number of rays, forming a hollow cone. This occurs when a ray of light is passed through crystals of some substances, under certain circumstances. Conical refraction is of two kinds; external conical refraction, in which the ray issues from the crystal in the form of a cone, the vertex of which is at the point of emergence; and internal conical refraction, in which the ray is changed into the form of a cone on entering the crystal, from which it issues in the form of a hollow cylinder. This singular phenomenon was first discovered by Sir W. R. Hamilton by mathematical reasoning alone, unaided by experiment. -- Differential refraction (Astron.), the change of the apparent place of one object relative to a second object near it, due to refraction; also, the correction required to be made to the observed relative places of the two bodies. -- Double refraction (Opt. ), the refraction of light in two directions, which produces two distinct images. The power of double refraction is possessed by all crystals except those of the isometric system. A uniaxial crystal is said to be optically positive (like quartz ), or optically negative (like calcite ), or to have positive, or negative, double refraction, according as the optic axis is the axis of least or greatest elasticity for light; a biaxial crystal is similarly designated when the same relation holds for the acute bisectrix. -- Index of refraction. See under Index. -- Refraction circle (Opt. ), an instrument provided with a graduated circle for the measurement of refraction. -- Refraction of latitude, longitude, declination, right ascension, etc. , the change in the apparent latitude, longitude, etc. , of a heavenly body, due to the effect of atmospheric refraction. -- Terrestrial refraction, the change in the apparent altitude of a distant point on or near the earth's surface, as the top of a mountain, arising from the passage of light from it to the eye through atmospheric strata of varying density.

REFRACTIVE

Re *fract "ive (r *frkt "v ), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réfractif. See Refract. ]

Defn: Serving or having power to refract, or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; as, refractive surfaces; refractive powers. Refractive index. (Opt. ) See Index of refraction, under Index. -- Absolute refractive index (Opt. ), the index of refraction of a substances when the ray passes into it from a vacuum. -- Relative refractive index (of two media ) (Opt. ), the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction for a ray passing out of one of the media into the other.

REFRACTIVENESS

REFRACTIVENESS Re *fract "ive *ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being refractive.

REFRACTOMETER

Re `frac *tom "e *ter (r `frk *tm "*tr ), n. Etym: [Refraction + -meter. ](Opt. )

Defn: A contrivance for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of light.

REFRACTOR

REFRACTOR Re *fract "or (r, n.

Defn: Anything that refracts; specifically: (Opt. )

Defn: A refracting telescope, in which the image to be viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing through a convex lens.

REFRACTORILY

REFRACTORILY Re *frac "to *ri *ly (r *frk "t *r *l ), adv.

Defn: In a refractory manner; perversely; obstinately.

REFRACTORINESS

REFRACTORINESS Re *frac "to *ri *ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being refractory.

REFRACTORY

Re *frac "to *ry (-r ), a. Etym: [L. refractorius, fr. refringere: cf. F.refractaire. See Refract. ]

1. Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a refractory beast. Raging appetites that are Most disobedient and refractory. Shak.

2. Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; as, a refractory ore.

Syn. -- Perverse; contumacious; unruly; stubborn; obstinate; unyielding; ungovernable; unmanageable.

REFRACTORY

REFRACTORY Re *frac "to *ry, n.

1. A refractory person. Bp. Hall.

2. Refractoriness. [Obs. ] Jer. TAylor.

3. OPottery ) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles. Knight.

REFRACTURE

REFRACTURE Re *frac "ture (r *frk "tr; 135 ), n. (Surg.)

Defn: A second breaking (as of a badly set bone ) by the surgeon.

REFRACTURE

REFRACTURE Re *frac "ture, v. t. (Surg.)

Defn: To break again, as a bone.

New American Oxford Dictionary

refract

re fract |riˈfrakt rəˈfrækt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] (usu. be refracted ) (of water, air, or glass ) make (a ray of light ) change direction when it enters at an angle: the rays of light are refracted by the material of the lens. • measure the focusing characteristics of (an eye ) or of the eyes of (someone ). ORIGIN early 17th cent.: from Latin refract- ‘broken up, ’ from the verb refringere, from re- ‘back ’ + frangere ‘to break. ’

refracting telescope

re fract ing tel e scope ▶noun a telescope that uses a converging lens to collect light.

refraction

re frac tion |riˈfrakSHən rəˈfrækʃən | ▶noun Physics the fact or phenomenon of light, radio waves, etc. , being deflected in passing obliquely through the interface between one medium and another or through a medium of varying density. • change in direction of propagation of any wave as a result of its traveling at different speeds at different points along the wave front. • measurement of the focusing characteristics of an eye or eyes. ORIGIN mid 17th cent.: from late Latin refractio (n- ), from refringere ‘break up ’ (see refract ).

refractive

re frac tive |riˈfraktiv rəˈfræktɪv | ▶adjective of or involving refraction. DERIVATIVES re frac tive ly adverb, re frac tiv i ty noun

refractive index

re frac tive in dex |rəˈfræktɪv | ▶noun the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its velocity in a specified medium.

refractometer

refractor

re frac tor |riˈfraktər rəˈfræktər | ▶noun a lens or other object that causes refraction. • a refracting telescope.

refractory

re frac to ry |riˈfraktərē rɪˈfræktəri | ▶adjective formal 1 stubborn or unmanageable: his refractory pony. 2 resistant to a process or stimulus: some granules are refractory to secretory stimuli. • Medicine (of a person, illness, or diseased tissue ) not yielding to treatment: healing of previously refractory ulcers. • Medicine, rare (of a person or animal ) resistant to infection. • technical (of a substance ) resistant to heat; hard to melt or fuse. ▶noun ( pl. refractories ) technical a substance that is resistant to heat. DERIVATIVES re frac to ri ness noun ORIGIN early 17th cent.: alteration of obsolete refractary, from Latin refractarius ‘stubborn ’ (see also refract ).

refractory period

re frac to ry pe ri od ▶noun Physiology a period immediately following stimulation during which a nerve or muscle is unresponsive to further stimulation.

Oxford Dictionary

refract

re |fract |rɪˈfrakt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] (of water, air, or glass ) make (a ray of light ) change direction when it enters at an angle: the rays of light are refracted by the material of the lens. • measure the focusing characteristics of (an eye ) or of the eyes of (someone ). ORIGIN early 17th cent.: from Latin refract- ‘broken up ’, from the verb refringere, from re- ‘back ’ + frangere ‘to break ’.

refracting telescope

re |fract |ing tele |scope ▶noun a telescope which uses a converging lens to collect the light.

refraction

re |frac ¦tion |rɪˈfrakʃ (ə )n | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Physics the fact or phenomenon of light, radio waves, etc. being deflected in passing obliquely through the interface between one medium and another or through a medium of varying density. • change in direction of propagation of any wave as a result of its travelling at different speeds at different points along the wave front. • measurement of the focusing characteristics of an eye or eyes. ORIGIN mid 17th cent.: from late Latin refractio (n- ), from refringere ‘break up ’ (see refract ).

refractive

re ¦fract |ive |rɪˈfraktɪv | ▶adjective of or involving refraction. DERIVATIVES refractively adverb

refractive index

re ¦fract |ive index ▶noun the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its velocity in a specified medium.

refractometer

refractometer |ˌriːfrakˈtɒmɪtə | ▶noun an instrument for measuring a refractive index. DERIVATIVES refractometric |-təˈmɛtrɪk |adjective, refractometry noun

refractor

re |frac ¦tor |rɪˈfraktə | ▶noun a lens or other object which causes refraction. • a refracting telescope.

refractory

re |frac ¦tory |rɪˈfrakt (ə )ri | ▶adjective formal 1 stubborn or unmanageable: his refractory pony. 2 resistant to a process or stimulus. • Medicine (of a person, illness, or diseased tissue ) not yielding to treatment: healing of previously refractory ulcers. • Medicine, rare (of a person or animal ) resistant to infection. • technical (of a substance ) resistant to heat; hard to melt or fuse. ▶noun ( pl. refractories ) technical a substance that is resistant to heat. DERIVATIVES refractoriness noun ORIGIN early 17th cent.: alteration of obsolete refractary, from Latin refractarius ‘stubborn ’ (see also refract ).

refractory period

re |frac ¦tory period ▶noun Physiology a period immediately following stimulation during which a nerve or muscle is unresponsive to further stimulation.

American Oxford Thesaurus

refractory

refractory adjective formal their refractory children: obstinate, stubborn, mulish, pigheaded, obdurate, headstrong, self-willed, wayward, willful, perverse, contrary, recalcitrant, obstreperous, disobedient, difficult; informal balky; archaic contumacious, froward. ANTONYMS obedient.

Oxford Thesaurus

refractory

refractory adjective a refractory child: obstinate, stubborn, stubborn as a mule, mulish, bull-headed, pig-headed, obdurate, headstrong, self-willed, wayward, wilful, perverse, contrary, recalcitrant, obstreperous, disobedient, insubordinate, rebellious, mutinous, defiant, stiff-necked, intractable, intransigent, unyielding, unmalleable, unmanageable, ungovernable, unpersuadable; Scottish thrawn; informal cussed; Brit. informal bloody-minded, bolshie, stroppy; N. Amer. informal balky; archaic contumacious, froward; rare contrarious. ANTONYMS obedient, manageable.

French Dictionary

réfractaire

réfractaire adj. adjectif 1 Qui résiste à, rebelle. : Il est réfractaire à la discipline. Note Syntaxique En ce sens, l ’adjectif se construit avec la préposition à. 2 Qui résiste à de très hautes températures. : Un matériau réfractaire. Note Orthographique réfract aire.

réfraction

réfraction n. f. nom féminin Changement de direction d ’un rayon lumineux.

Spanish Dictionary

refractado, -da

refractado, -da adjetivo fís Que ha sufrido una refracción :rayo refractado .

refractar

refractar verbo transitivo fís Hacer que cambie de dirección un rayo de luz u otra radiación al pasar oblicuamente de un medio a otro de diferente densidad :la atmósfera terrestre refracta los rayos de luz ;ciertas partículas de luz, como los fotones procedentes del Sol, se refractan al atravesar esa capa fina que es la atmósfera terrestre, una capa de gases . VÉASE rayo refractado .

refractario, -ria

refractario, -ria adjetivo 1 [cuerpo, sustancia ] Que resiste la acción del fuego sin cambiar de estado ni destruirse :arcilla refractaria; ladrillo refractario .2 [persona ] Que se opone a aceptar una idea, opinión o costumbre :se trata de un grupo de población refractario a cualquier fe .3 [persona ] Que es resistente a algunas cosas, como una enfermedad, un tratamiento médico, etc. :el medicamento se comercializó tras haber observado que un enfermo crónico, refractario a todo tratamiento, se había curado con él .4 Méx Recipiente para asar alimentos en el horno .

refractor

refractor nombre masculino /adjetivo Telescopio, semejante a un gran anteojo, que consta de un objetivo y un ocular dispuestos en los extremos de un tubo muy largo .

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

refract

re fract /rɪfrǽkt /動詞他動詞〈水ガラスが〉〈光音〉を屈折させる ▸ a refracting telescope 屈折望遠鏡 re frac tive /-tɪv /形容詞

refraction

re fr á c tion 名詞 U (光音の )屈折 .

refractory

re frac to ry /rɪfrǽkt (ə )ri /形容詞 1 ｟かたく｠〖通例名詞の前で〗頑固な, 扱いにくい〈人〉.2 〘医〙治療 [治癒 ]しにくい〈病気病状〉; (病気に対して )免疫がある .3 溶けにくい ; 耐火性の .