English-Thai Dictionary

principal

ADJ สำคัญ มากกว่า อย่าง อื่น  เป็นส่วนใหญ่  first foremost highest unimportant sam-kan-mak-kwa-yang-uen

 

principal

N ตัวเอก ใน ละคร  tua-eak-la-kon

 

principal

N ต้นทุน  เงินก้อน ใหญ่  ton-tun

 

principal

N ผู้ ที่ มี ตำแหน่ง สูงสุด  chief phu-ti-me-tam-nang-sung-sud

 

principality

N ดินแดน ที่ ปกครอง โดย เจ้าชาย  realm country din-dan-ti-pok-krong-do-jao-chai

 

principally

ADV อย่าง สำคัญ ที่สุด  supremely superlatively mainly yang-sa-kan-ti-sud

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

PRINCIPAL

a.[L. principalis, from princeps.] 1. Chief; highest in rank, character or respectability; as the principal officers of a government; the principal men of a city, town, or state. Acts 25:23; 1 Chronicles 24:31.
2. Chief; most important or considerable; as the principal topics of debate; the principal arguments in a case; the principal points of law; the principal beams of a building; the principal productions of a country.
Wisdom is the principal thing. Proverbs 4:7.
3. In law, a principal challenge, is where the cause assigned carries with it prima facie evidence of partiality, favor or malice.
4. In music, fundamental.

 

PRINCIPAL

n.A chief or head; one who takes the lead; as the principal of a faction, an insurrection or mutiny. 1. The president, governor, or chief in authority. We apply the word to the chief instructor of an academy or seminary of learning.
2. In law, the actor or absolute perpetrator of a crime, or an abettor. A principal in the first degree, is the absolute perpetrator of the crime; a principal in the second degree, is one who is present, aiding and abetting the fact to be done; distinguished from an accessory. In treason, all persons concerned are principals.
3. In commerce, a capital sum lent on interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; so called in distinction from interest or profits.
Taxes must be continued, because we have no other means for paying off the principal.
4. One primarily engaged; a chief party; in distinction from an auxiliary.
We were not principals, but auxiliaries in the war.

 

PRINCIPALITY

n. 1. Sovereignty; supreme power.
2. A prince; one invested with sovereignty. Titus 3:1.
3. The territory of a prince; or the country which gives title to a prince; as the principality of Wales.
4. Superiority; predominance. [Little used. ]
5. In Scripture, royal state or attire. Jeremiah 13:18.

 

PRINCIPALLY

adv. Chiefly; above all. They mistake the nature of criticism, who think its business is principally to find fault.

 

PRINCIPALNESS

n.The state of being principal or chief.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

PRINCIPAL

Prin "ci *pal, a. Etym: [F., from L. principalis. See Prince. ]

 

1. Highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most considerable or important; chief; main; as, the principal officers of a Government; the principal men of a state; the principal productions of a country; the principal arguments in a case. Wisdom is the principal thing. Prov. iv. 7.

 

2. Of or pertaining to a prince; princely. [A Latinism ] [Obs. ] Spenser. Principal axis. See Axis of a curve, under Axis. -- Principal axes of a quadric (Geom.), three lines in which the principal planes of the solid intersect two and two, as in an ellipsoid. -- Principal challenge. (Law ) See under Challenge. -- Principal plane. See Plane of projection (a ), under Plane. -- Principal of a quadric (Geom.), three planes each of which is at right angles to the other two, and bisects all chords of the quadric perpendicular to the plane, as in an ellipsoid. -- Principal point (Persp.), the projection of the point of sight upon the plane of projection. -- Principal ray (Persp.), the line drawn through the point of sight perpendicular to the perspective plane. -- Principal section (Crystallog.), a plane passing through the optical axis of a crystal.

 

PRINCIPAL

PRINCIPAL Prin "ci *pal, n.

 

1. A leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead; one who acts independently, or who has controlling authority or influence; as, the principal of a faction, a school, a firm, etc. ; -- distinguished from a subordinate, abettor, auxiliary, or assistant.

 

2. Hence: (Law ) (a ) The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is present at it, - - as distinguished from an accessory. (b ) A chief obligor, promisor, or debtor, -- as distinguished from a surety. (c ) One who employs another to act for him, -- as distinguished from an agent. Wharton. Bouvier. Burrill.

 

3. A thing of chief or prime importance; something fundamental or especially conspicuous. Specifically: (a ) (Com. ) A capital sum of money, placed out at interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; -- so called in distinction from interest or profit. (b ) (Arch. & Engin. ) The construction which gives shape and strength to a roof, -- generally a truss of timber or iron, but there are roofs with stone principals. Also, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing. (c ) (Mus. ) In English organs the chief open metallic stop, an octave above the open diapason. On the manual it is four feet long, on the pedal eight feet. In Germany this term corresponds to the English open diapason. (d ) (O. Eng. Law ) A heirloom; a mortuary. Cowell. (e ) pl.

 

Defn: The first two long feathers of a hawk's wing. Spenser. J. H. Walsh. (f ) One of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with which the posts and center of a funeral hearse were formerly crowned. Oxf.Gloss. (g ) A principal or essential point or rule; a principle. [Obs. ]

 

PRINCIPALITY

Prin `ci *pal "i *ty, n.; pl. Principalities. Etym: [L. principalitas preëminence, excellence: cf. F. principalité, principauté. See Principal. ]

 

1. Sovereignty; supreme power; hence, superiority; predominance; high, or the highest, station. Sir P. Sidney. Your principalities shall come down, even the crown of your glory. Jer. xiii. 18.The prerogative and principality above everything else. Jer. Taylor.

 

2. A prince; one invested with sovereignty. "Next upstood Nisroch, of principalities the prime. " Milton.

 

3. The territory or jurisdiction of a prince; or the country which gives title to a prince; as, the principality of Wales.

 

PRINCIPALLY

PRINCIPALLY Prin "ci *pal *ly, adv.

 

Defn: In a principal manner; primarily; above all; chiefly; mainly.

 

PRINCIPALNESS

PRINCIPALNESS Prin "ci *pal *ness, n.

 

Defn: The quality of being principal.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

principal

prin ci pal |ˈprinsəpəl ˈprɪnsəpəl | ▶adjective [ attrib. ] 1 first in order of importance; main: the country's principal cities. 2 (of money ) denoting an original sum invested or lent: the principal amount of your investment. ▶noun 1 the person with the highest authority or most important position in an organization, institution, or group: a design consultancy whose principal is based in San Francisco. • the head of a school, college, or other educational institution. • the leading performer in a concert, play, ballet, or opera. • Music the leading player in each section of an orchestra. 2 a sum of money lent or invested on which interest is paid: the winners are paid from the interest without even touching the principal. 3 a person for whom another acts as an agent or representative: stockbrokers in Tokyo act as agents rather than as principals. • Law the person directly responsible for a crime. • historical each of the combatants in a duel. 4 a main rafter supporting purlins. 5 an organ stop sounding a main register of open flue pipes typically an octave above the diapason. DERIVATIVES prin ci pal ship |-ˌSHip |noun ORIGIN Middle English: via Old French from Latin principalis ‘first, original, ’ from princeps, princip- ‘first, chief. ’ usage: Is it principal or principle? Principal means 'most important' or 'person in charge': my principal reason for coming tonight; the high school principal. It also means 'a capital sum': the principal would be repaid in five years. Principle means 'rule, basis for conduct': her principles kept her from stealing despite her poverty.

 

principal axis

prin ci pal ax is ▶noun Physics each of three mutually perpendicular axes in a body about which the moment of inertia is at a maximum. • another term for optical axis.

 

principal boy

prin ¦ci |pal boy ▶noun Brit. the leading male role in a pantomime, usually played by a woman.

 

principal component analysis

prin ¦ci |pal com |po ¦nent ana |lysis ▶noun [ mass noun ] Statistics a method of analysis which involves finding the linear combination of a set of variables that has maximum variance and removing its effect, repeating this successively.

 

principal diagonal

prin ci pal di ag o nal ▶noun Mathematics the set of elements of a matrix that lie on the line joining the top left corner to the bottom right corner.

 

principal girl

prin ¦ci |pal girl ▶noun Brit. the leading female role in a pantomime.

 

principality

prin ci pal i ty |ˌprinsəˈpalətē ˌprɪnsəˈpælədi | ▶noun ( pl. principalities ) 1 a state ruled by a prince. • ( the Principality ) Brit. Wales. 2 (principalities ) (in traditional Christian angelology ) the fifth highest order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy. ORIGIN Middle English (denoting the rank of a prince ): from Old French principalite, from late Latin principalitas, from Latin principalis ‘first, original ’ (see principal ).

 

principally

prin ci pal ly |ˈprinsəp (ə )lē ˈprɪnsəp (ə )li | ▶adverb [ sentence adverb ] for the most part; chiefly: he was principally a landscape painter.

 

principal parts

prin ci pal parts |ˈprɪnsəpəl pɑrts | ▶plural noun Grammar the forms of a verb from which all other inflected forms can be deduced, for example, swim, swam, swum .

 

Oxford Dictionary

principal

prin ¦ci |pal |ˈprɪnsɪp (ə )l | ▶adjective [ attrib. ] 1 first in order of importance; main: the country's principal cities. 2 denoting an original sum invested or lent: the principal amount of your investment. ▶noun 1 the most important or senior person in an organization or group: a design consultancy whose principal is based in San Francisco. • the head of a school, college, or other educational institution. • the leading performer in a concert, play, ballet, or opera. • Music the leading player in each section of an orchestra. • (in certain professions ) a fully qualified practitioner. • (in the UK ) a senior civil servant in charge of a particular section. 2 [ in sing. ] a sum of money lent or invested, on which interest is paid: the winners are paid from the interest without even touching the principal. 3 a person for whom another acts as an agent or representative: stockbrokers in Tokyo act as agents rather than as principals. 4 Law the person directly responsible for a crime. • historical each of the combatants in a duel. 5 a main rafter supporting purlins. 6 an organ stop sounding a main register of open flue pipes typically an octave above the diapason. PHRASES principal in the first degree Law a person who directly perpetrates a crime. principal in the second degree Law a person who directly aids the perpetration of a crime. DERIVATIVES principalship noun ORIGIN Middle English: via Old French from Latin principalis ‘first, original ’, from princeps, princip- ‘first, chief ’. usage: On the confusion of principal and principle, see usage at principle .

 

principal axis

prin ¦ci |pal axis ▶noun Physics each of three mutually perpendicular axes in a body about which the moment of inertia is at a maximum. • another term for optical axis.

 

principal boy

prin ¦ci |pal boy ▶noun Brit. the leading male role in a pantomime, usually played by a woman.

 

principal component analysis

prin ¦ci |pal com |po ¦nent ana |lysis ▶noun [ mass noun ] Statistics a method of analysis which involves finding the linear combination of a set of variables that has maximum variance and removing its effect, repeating this successively.

 

principal diagonal

prin ¦ci |pal di ¦ag |onal ▶noun Mathematics the set of elements of a matrix that lie on the line joining the top left corner to the bottom right corner.

 

principal girl

prin ¦ci |pal girl ▶noun Brit. the leading female role in a pantomime.

 

principality

prin ¦ci |pal ¦ity |ˌprɪnsɪˈpalɪti | ▶noun ( pl. principalities ) 1 a state ruled by a prince. • ( the Principality ) Brit. Wales. 2 (principalities ) (in traditional Christian angelology ) the fifth-highest order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy. ORIGIN Middle English (denoting the rank of a prince ): from Old French principalite, from late Latin principalitas, from Latin principalis ‘first, original ’ (see principal ).

 

principally

prin ¦ci |pal ¦ly |ˈprɪnsɪp (ə )li | ▶adverb [ sentence adverb ] for the most part; chiefly: he was principally a landscape painter.

 

principal parts

prin ¦ci |pal parts ▶plural noun Grammar the forms of a verb from which all other inflected forms can be deduced, for example swim, swam, swum .

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

principal

principal adjective the principal cause of poor air quality: main, chief, primary, leading, foremost, first, first-line, most important, predominant, dominant, (most ) prominent; key, crucial, vital, essential, basic, prime, central, focal; premier, paramount, major, overriding, cardinal, preeminent, uppermost, highest, top, topmost; informal number-one. ANTONYMS minor. ▶noun 1 the principal of the firm: chief, chief executive (officer ), CEO, president, chairman, chairwoman, director, managing director, manager, head; informal boss. 2 the school's principal: headmaster, headmistress; dean, rector, chancellor, president, provost. 3 a principal in a soap opera: leading actor /actress, leading player /performer /dancer, leading role, lead, star. 4 repayment of the principal: capital (sum ), debt, loan. USAGE principal, principle These two words, though often confused and used incorrectly and interchangeably, share no common definitions. Generally, it's enough to remember that principal (= chief, primary, most important ) is usually an adjective and that principle (= a truth, rule, doctrine, or course of action ) is virtually always a noun. Although principle is not a verb, we have principled as an adjective. But principal is sometimes a noun —an elliptical form of principal official ( Morgan is principal of the elementary school ) or principal investment ( principal and interest ). Substituting principal for principle is a fairly common blunder —e.g.: “The Ways and Means bill approved today, after more than a month of deliberation and voting, preserves two of the central principals [read principles ] put forth by the President: universal coverage and the requirement that employers assume 80 percent of its cost for their workers.” ( New York Times; July 1, 1994.) Substituting principle for principal is perhaps even more common —e.g.: “Audio CDs are a principle [read principal ] source of material for making music with samples.” ( Electronic Musician; June 1994.).Usage notes show additional guidance on finer points of English usage.

 

principally

principally adverb the decline is principally due to overfishing: mainly, mostly, chiefly, for the most part, in the main, on the whole, largely, to a large extent, predominantly, basically, primarily.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

principal

principal adjective vehicle emissions are the principal cause of bad air: main, chief, primary, leading, foremost, first, most important, predominant, dominant, (most ) prominent; key, crucial, vital, essential, basic, staple, critical, pivotal, salient, prime, central, focal; premier, paramount, major, ruling, master, supreme, overriding, cardinal, capital, pre-eminent, ultimate, uppermost, highest, utmost, top, topmost, arch-; informal number-one. ANTONYMS minor, subordinate, subsidiary. ▶noun 1 the principal of the firm of contractors: boss, chief, chief executive (officer ), CEO, chairman, chairwoman, managing director, MD, president, director, manager, employer, head, leader, ruler, controller; informal head honcho; Brit. informal gaffer, governor, guv'nor. 2 the school's principal: head teacher, head, headmaster, headmistress, director; dean, rector, warden, chancellor, vice-chancellor, president, provost, governor; N. Amer. informal prexy, prex. 3 she is currently a principal in a soap opera: leading actor /actress, leading player /performer, leading man /lady, lead, star; protagonist, hero, heroine, leading role, title role; prima donna, diva, prima ballerina. 4 no repayment of the loan's principal is required for the first few years: capital sum, capital, capital funds, working capital, financial resources; money, debt, loan. EASILY CONFUSED WORDS principal or principle? See principle . These notes clear up confusion between similar-looking pairs.

 

principally

principally adverb the decline is principally due to overfishing: mainly, mostly, chiefly, for the most part, in the main, on the whole, largely, by and large, to a large extent, to a great degree, predominantly, predominately, above all, first and foremost, basically, substantially, overall, in general, effectively, especially, particularly, primarily, generally, usually, typically, commonly, as a rule.

 

Duden Dictionary

principaliter

prin ci pa li ter prinzipaliter |princip a liter |

 

French Dictionary

principal

principal , ale , aux adj. et n. m. adjectif Qui est le premier, le plus important. : Les principaux chefs d ’État du monde étaient réunis à cette occasion. Cette jeune comédienne a obtenu un rôle principal. nom masculin 1 Capital d ’une dette, par opposition aux intérêts. : « Je vous paierai, lui dit-elle [...] intérêt et principal » (Jean de La Fontaine , La Cigale et la Fourmi ). 2 Ce qui est essentiel. : Le principal, c ’est que vous soyez sains et saufs. FORME FAUTIVE principal. Archaïsme au sens de directeur, directrice (de collège, d ’école ).

 

principalement

principalement adv. adverbe Surtout, particulièrement. : Nous avons cueilli des fruits, des pommes principalement. SYNONYME spécialement .

 

Spanish Dictionary

principal

principal adjetivo 1 Que es primero en estimación o importancia dentro de un conjunto :la entrada principal de una casa; el candidato principal a las elecciones; se pueden destacar varias causas, pero la principal es el clima; la calima ardiente del desierto, ese viento constante cargado de partículas de arena, será el principal enemigo de los buques; lo principal es ganar este partido para clasificarse .2 nombre masculino Jefe en un comercio, fábrica, etc .3 adjetivo /nombre masculino Esp [piso, planta ] Que está situado entre la planta baja o el entresuelo y el primer piso :ya no se construyen edificios con piso principal .4 nombre masculino econ Capital de una obligación o censo, en oposición a rédito, pensión o canon .5 adjetivo ling [oración, proposición ] Que rige o subordina otra oración (oración subordinada ) y expresa el sentido fundamental de la oración compuesta de la que forma parte . VÉASE edición principal; fachada principal .

 

principalmente

principalmente adverbio Fundamentalmente :es probable que el comercio estuviera orientado principalmente a la exportación .

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

principal

prin ci pal /prɪ́nsəp (ə )l / (! principleと同音 ) 〖prince (第1位 )al (の )〗形容詞 比較なし 〖名詞 の前で 〗1 最も重要な , 主要な , 主な (→main 1 )▸ a principal source of information 主な情報源 ▸ The principal aim is not to make money .最も重要な目的は金もうけではない 2 資本金の , 元金の .名詞 複 ～s /-z /C 1 ｟米 ｠(小 中 高等学校の )校長 (｟英 ｠head teacher ); ｟英 ｠(大人向けの学校の )校長 ; ｟主に英 ｠(大学の )学長 ; 〖しばしば ～s 〗社長 , 組織の長 ; (一般に )頭 （かしら ）, 支配者 .2 〖単数形で 〗〘経 〙(利子 利息の )元金 , 元本 ; 基本財産 ▸ payment of (the ) principal and interest 元金と利子の支払い (!無冠詞も可 ) 3 (演劇などの )主役 , 主演者 ; (コンサートの )独奏者 , 主席奏者 ; (犯罪の )主犯 .4 〖しばしば ～s 〗(代理人に対して )本人 ; (決闘の介添人に対し )決闘する本人 .5 〘楽 〙(オルガンの )主要音栓 ; (フーガの )主題 .6 ｟英 ｠(大臣より下位の )役人 .7 〘建 〙(組立構造物の )大梁 （ばり ）, 主材 .～̀ b ó y ｟英 ｠(伝統的な無言劇の )主役少年 〘通例若い女優が演じる 〙.～̀ p á rts 〖複数扱い 〗〘文法 〙動詞の主要形 〘英語では原形または現在形 過去形 過去分詞の3つ 〙.

 

principality

prin ci pal i ty /prɪ̀nsəpǽləti /名詞 複 -ties 1 C (princeが支配する )公国 ; 公国の支配 (権 ).2 ｟英 ｠〖the P- 〗ウェールズ (!英国皇太子の正式呼称がPrince of Walesであることから ) .3 〖-ties 〗〘神学 〙権 （けん ）天使 〘天使9階級中の第7位; →angel 1 〙.

 

principally

pr í n ci pal ly 副詞 主として, 主に .