English-Thai Dictionary

popular

ADJ ของ ประชาชน  เกี่ยวกับ ประชากร  public mass kong-pra-cha-chon

 

popular

ADJ เป็นที่นิยม  เป็น ที่ แพร่หลาย  เป็นที่ชื่นชอบ  favorite approved stylish beloved pen-ti-ni-yom

 

popular

ADJ แบบ ธรรมดา  แบบ ทั่วๆ ไป  general familiar ordinary common beab-tam-ma-da

 

popular front

N กลุ่ม พรรคการเมือง ฝ่ายซ้าย  klum-pak-kan-muang-fai-sai

 

popularise

VT ทำให้ เป็นที่นิยม  familiarize cheapen spread tam-hai-pen-ti-ni-yom

 

popularity

N ความ เป็นที่นิยม  ความ เป็นที่ชื่นชอบ  general esteem widespread acceptance kwam-pen-ti-ni-yom

 

popularize

VT ทำให้ เป็นที่นิยม  familiarize cheapen spread tam-hai-pen-ti-ni-yom

 

popularly

ADV อย่าง มีชื่อเสียง  เป็นที่นิยม 

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

POPULAR

a.[L. popularis. See People. ] 1. Pertaining to the common people; as the popular voice; popular elections.
So the popular vote inclines.
2. Suitable to common people; familiar; plain; easy to be comprehended; not critical or abstruse.
Homilies are plain and popular instructions.
3. Beloved by the people; enjoying the favor of the people; pleasing to people in general; as a popular governor; a popular preacher; a popular ministry; a popular discourse; a popular administration; a popular war or peace. Suspect the man who endeavors to make that popular which is wrong.
4. Ambitious; studious of the favor of the people.
A popular man is in truth no better than a prostitute to common fame and to the people.
[This sense is not used. It is more customary to apply this epithet to a person who has already gained the favor of the people. ]
5. Prevailing among the people; extensively prevalent; as a popular disease.
6. In law, a popular action is one which gives a penalty to the person that sues for the same.
[Note. Popular, at least in the United States, is not synonymous with vulgar; the latter being applied to the lower classes of people, the illiterate and low bred; the former is applied to all classes, or to the body of the people, including a great portion at least of well educated citizens.]

 

POPULARITY

n.[L. popularitas.] Favor of the people; the state of possessing the affections and confidence of the people in general; as the popularity of the ministry; the popularity of a public officer or of a preacher. It is applied also to things; as the popularity of a law or public measure; the popularity of a book or poem. The most valuable trait in a patriot's character is to forbear all improper compliances for gaining popularity. I have long since learned the little value which is to be placed in popularity, acquired by any other way than virtue; I have also learned that it is often obtained by other means.
The man whose ruling principle is duty--is never perplexed with anxious corroding calculations of interest and popularity.
1. Representation suited to vulgar or common conception; that which is intended or adapted to procure the favor of the people. [Little used. ]

 

POPULARIZE

v.t.To make popular or common; to spread among the people; as, to popularize philosophy or physics; to popularize a knowledge of chimical principles.

 

POPULARIZED

pp. Made popular, or introduced among the people.

 

POPULARIZING

ppr. Making popular, or introducing among the people.

 

POPULARLY

adv. In a popular manner; so as to please the populace. The victor knight,
Bareheadaed, popularly low had bow'd.
1. According to the conceptions of the common people.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

POPULAR

Pop "u *lar, a. Etym: [L. popularis, fr. populus people: cf. F.populaire. See People. ]

 

1. Of or pertaining to the common people, or to the whole body of the people, as distinguished from a select portion; as, the popular voice; popular elections. "Popular states. " Bacon. "So the popular vote inclines." Milton. The commonly held in popular estimation are greatest at a distance. J. H. Newman.

 

2. Suitable to common people; easy to be comprehended; not abstruse; familiar; plain. Homilies are plain popular instructions. Hooker.

 

3. Adapted to the means of the common people; possessed or obtainable by the many; hence, cheap; common; ordinary; inferior; as, popular prices; popular amusements. The smallest figs, called popular figs,... are, of all others, the basest and of least account. Holland.

 

4. Beloved or approved by the people; pleasing to people in general, or to many people; as, a popular preacher; a popular law; a popular administration.

 

5. Devoted to the common people; studious of the favor of the populace. [R.] Such popular humanity is treason. Addison.

 

6. Prevailing among the people; epidemic; as, a popular disease. [Obs. ] Johnson. Popular action (Law ), an action in which any person may sue for penalty imposed by statute. Blackstone.

 

POPULARES

Pop `u *la "res, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

 

Defn: The people or the people's party, in ancient Rome, as opposed to the optimates.

 

POPULARITY

Pop `u *lar "i *ty, n.; pl. Popularities. Etym: [L. popularitas an effort to please the people: cf. F. popularité. ]

 

1. The quality or state of being popular; especially, the state of being esteemed by, or of being in favor with, the people at large; good will or favor proceeding from the people; as, the popularity of a law, statesman, or a book. A popularity which has lasted down to our time. Macaulay.

 

2. The quality or state of being adapted or pleasing to common, poor, or vulgar people; hence, cheapness; inferiority; vulgarity. This gallant laboring to avoid popularity falls into a habit of affectation. B. Jonson.

 

3. Something which obtains, or is intended to obtain, the favor of the vulgar; claptrap. Popularities, and circumstances which. .. sway the ordinary judgment. Bacon.

 

4. The act of courting the favor of the people. [Obs. ] "Indicted. .. for popularity and ambition. " Holland.

 

5. Public sentiment; general passion. [R.] A little time be allowed for the madness of popularity to cease. Bancroft.

 

POPULARIZATION

POPULARIZATION Pop `u *lar *i *za "tion, n.

 

Defn: The act of making popular, or of introducing among the people.

 

POPULARIZE

Pop "u *lar *ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Popularized; p. pr. & vb. n.Popularizing. ] Etym: [Cf. F. populariser. ]

 

Defn: To make popular; to make suitable or acceptable to the common people; to make generally known; as, to popularize philosophy. "The popularizing of religious teaching. " Milman.

 

POPULARIZER

POPULARIZER Pop "u *lar *i `zer, n.

 

Defn: One who popularizes.

 

POPULARLY

POPULARLY Pop "u *lar *ly, adv.

 

Defn: In a popular manner; so as to be generally favored or accepted by the people; commonly; currently; as, the story was popularity reported. The victor knight, Bareheaded, popularly low had bowed. Dryden.

 

POPULARNESS

POPULARNESS Pop "u *lar *ness, n.

 

Defn: The quality or state of being popular; popularity. Coleridge.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

popular

pop u lar |ˈpäpyələr ˈpɑpjələr | ▶adjective 1 liked, admired, or enjoyed by many people or by a particular person or group: she was one of the most popular girls in the school | these cheeses are very popular in Europe. 2 [ attrib. ] (of cultural activities or products ) intended for or suited to the taste, understanding, or means of the general public rather than specialists or intellectuals: the popular press. • (of a belief or attitude ) held by the majority of the general public: many adult cats, contrary to popular opinion, dislike milk. 3 [ attrib. ] (of political activity ) of or carried on by the people as a whole rather than restricted to politicians or political parties: a popular revolt against colonial rule. DERIVATIVES pop u lar ism |-ˌrizəm |noun ORIGIN late Middle English (in the sense ‘prevalent among the general public ’): from Latin popularis, from populus ‘people. ’ Sense 1 dates from the early 17th cent.

 

popular etymology

pop u lar et y mol o gy |ˈpɑpjələr ˌɛdəˈmɑləʤi | ▶noun another term for folk etymology.

 

popular front

pop u lar front |ˈpɑpjələr frənt | ▶noun a party or coalition representing left-wing elements, in particular (the Popular Front ) an alliance of communist, radical, and socialist elements formed and gaining some power in countries such as France and Spain in the 1930s.

 

popularity

pop u lar i ty |ˌpäpyəˈlaritē ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrədi | ▶noun the state or condition of being liked, admired, or supported by many people: he was forced to step down as mayor despite his popularity with the voters.

 

popularize

pop u lar ize |ˈpäpyələˌrīz ˈpɑpjələˌraɪz | ▶verb [ with obj. ] cause (something ) to become generally liked: his books have done much to popularize the sport. • make (something technical, scientific, or academic ) accessible or interesting to the general public by presenting it in a readily understandable form: they are skilled at popularizing the technical aspects of genetics. DERIVATIVES pop u lar i za tion |ˌpäpyələrəˈzāSHən |noun, pop u lar iz er noun

 

popularly

pop u lar ly |ˈpäpyələrlē ˈpɑpjələrli | ▶adverb by many or most people; generally: advancing age is popularly associated with a declining capacity for work. • (of a term, name, or title ) in informal, common, or nonspecialist use: polygraph analysis (popularly known as lie-detector testing ). • (of a politician or government ) chosen by the majority of the voters; democratically: a governor who is popularly elected.

 

popular music

pop u lar mu sic ▶noun music appealing to the popular taste, including rock and pop and also soul, country, reggae, rap, and dance music.

 

Oxford Dictionary

popular

popu |lar |ˈpɒpjʊlə | ▶adjective 1 liked or admired by many people or by a particular person or group: she was one of the most popular girls in the school | these cheeses are very popular in Europe. 2 [ attrib. ] (of cultural activities or products ) intended for or suited to the taste, understanding, or means of the general public rather than specialists or intellectuals: editorials accusing the government of wanting to gag the popular press. • (of a belief or attitude ) held by the majority of the general public: many adult cats, contrary to popular opinion, dislike milk. 3 [ attrib. ] (of political activity ) carried on by the people as a whole rather than restricted to politicians or political parties: a popular revolt against colonial rule. DERIVATIVES popularism noun ORIGIN late Middle English (in the sense ‘prevalent among the general public ’): from Latin popularis, from populus ‘people ’. Sense 1 dates from the early 17th cent.

 

popular etymology

popu |lar ety ¦mol |ogy ▶noun another term for folk etymology.

 

popular front

popu |lar front ▶noun a party or coalition representing left-wing elements, in particular (the Popular Front ) an alliance of communist, radical, and socialist elements formed and gaining some power in countries such as France and Spain in the 1930s.

 

popularity

popu ¦lar |ity |pɒpjuˈlarəti | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the state or condition of being liked, admired, or supported by many people: he was at the height of his popularity.

 

popularize

popularize |ˈpɒpjʊlərʌɪz |(also popularise ) ▶verb [ with obj. ] cause (something ) to become generally liked: his books have done much to popularize the sport. • make (a scientific or academic subject ) accessible to the general public by presenting it in an understandable form: they are skilled at popularizing the technical aspects of genetics. DERIVATIVES popularization |-ˈzeɪʃ (ə )n |noun, popularizer noun

 

popularly

popu |lar ¦ly |ˈpɒpjələli | ▶adverb by many or most people; generally: advancing age is popularly associated with a declining capacity to work. • (of a term, name, or title ) in informal, common, or non-specialist use: the community charge (popularly known as the poll tax ). • (of a politician or government ) chosen by the majority of the voters; democratically: a popularly elected Parliament.

 

popular music

popu |lar music ▶noun [ mass noun ] music appealing to the popular taste, including rock and pop and also soul, reggae, rap, and dance music.

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

popular

popular adjective 1 the most popular restaurant in town: well-liked, favored, sought-after, in demand, desired, wanted; commercial, marketable, fashionable, trendy, in vogue, all the rage, hot; informal in, cool, big. 2 popular science: nonspecialist, nontechnical, amateur, lay person's, general, middle-of-the-road; accessible, simplified, plain, simple, easy, straightforward, understandable; mass-market, middlebrow, lowbrow, pop. ANTONYMS highbrow. 3 popular opinion: widespread, general, common, current, prevalent, prevailing, standard, stock; ordinary, usual, accepted, established, acknowledged, conventional, orthodox. 4 a popular movement for independence: mass, general, communal, collective, social, collaborative, group, civil, public.

 

popularize

popularize verb 1 tobacco was popularized by Sir Walter Raleigh: make popular, make fashionable; market, publicize; informal hype. 2 he popularized the subject: simplify, make accessible, give mass-market appeal to, universalize, vulgarize. 3 the report popularized the unfounded notion: give currency to, spread, propagate, give credence to.

 

popularly

popularly adverb 1 old age is popularly associated with illness: widely, generally, universally, commonly, usually, customarily, habitually, conventionally, traditionally, as a rule. 2 the bar was popularly known as “the May ”: informally, unofficially; by lay people. 3 the president is popularly elected: democratically, by the people.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

popular

popular adjective 1 the most popular boy around | the restaurant is very popular: well liked, liked, favoured, in favour, well received, approved, admired, accepted, welcome, sought-after, in demand, desired, wanted; commercial, marketable, saleable, fashionable, in fashion, in vogue, voguish, all the rage, hot; informal in, cool, big; Brit. informal, dated all the go. ANTONYMS unpopular. 2 popular science | the popular press: non-specialist, non-technical, non-professional, amateur, lay, lay person's, general, middle-of-the-road; accessible, approachable, simplified, plain, simple, easy, straightforward, understandable, readily understood, easy to understand, intelligible; mass-market, middlebrow, lowbrow, pop, bland, cheap. ANTONYMS highbrow. 3 policy-makers should listen to popular opinion: widespread, general, common, current, prevalent, prevailing, customary, universal, standard, stock, shared, in circulation, rife; ordinary, usual, accepted, established, acknowledged, recognized, conventional, orthodox, conformist. 4 a popular movement for independence: mass, general, communal, collective, social, societal, collaborative, group, civil, public, civic; democratic, representative.

 

popularity

popularity noun 1 the growing popularity of the city as a holiday destination: fashionableness, vogue, stylishness; approval, favour, admiration, regard, acceptance, acclaim, welcome, demand; commerciality, marketability, saleability; adoration, adulation, idolization, lionization; informal coolness, trendiness. 2 the new popularity of collectivist ideas: currency, prevalence, commonness, universality, recognition.

 

popularize

popularize verb 1 tobacco-smoking was popularized by Sir Walter Raleigh: make popular /fashionable, bring into vogue, create a fashion for; market, publicize, hype. 2 he popularized the subject, writing fourteen books for the layman: simplify, make accessible, give mass-market appeal to, familiarize; vulgarize. 3 the report popularized the notion that the world was running out of oil: give currency to, spread, propagate, give credence to, universalize, generalize.

 

popularly

popularly adverb 1 it was popularly believed that every strange old woman was a witch: widely, generally, universally, commonly, by many /most /all, usually, regularly, customarily, habitually, conventionally, ordinarily, traditionally, as a rule. 2 the Carboniferous is popularly known as the ‘Age of Amphibians ’: informally, unofficially, simply, non-technically; by lay people, by non-specialists. 3 the President is popularly elected for a five-year term: democratically, by the people, universally, by universal suffrage.

 

Duden Dictionary

populär

po pu lär Adjektiv |popul ä r |französisch populaire < lateinisch popularis = zum Volk gehörend; volkstümlich, zu: populus = Volk 1 a beim Volk, bei der großen Masse, bei sehr vielen bekannt und beliebt; volkstümlich ein populärer Sportler, Künstler, Politiker | ein populärer Schlager | das Buch hat den Autor populär gemacht b beim Volk, bei der Masse Anklang, Beifall und Zustimmung findend populäre Maßnahmen | dieses Gerichtsurteil ist nicht populär | populär handeln 2 gemeinverständlich, volksnah populäre Vorträge | populär schreiben

 

Popular

Po pu lar Substantiv, maskulin , der |Popul a r |der Popular; Genitiv: des Populars, Plural: die Popularen und Populares |[…reːs ] |lateinisch Mitglied der altrömischen Volkspartei, die in Opposition zu den Optimaten stand

 

Popularisator

Po pu la ri sa tor Substantiv, maskulin , der |Popularis a tor |der Popularisator; Genitiv: des Popularisators, Plural: die Popularisatoren lateinisch-neulateinisch jemand, der einen schwierigen Sachverhalt gemeinverständlich darstellt und verbreitet, in die Öffentlichkeit bringt

 

Popularisatorin

Po pu la ri sa to rin Substantiv, feminin , die |Popularisat o rin |die Popularisatorin; Genitiv: der Popularisatorin, Plural: die Popularisatorinnen weibliche Form zu Popularisator

 

popularisieren

po pu la ri sie ren schwaches Verb bildungssprachlich |popularis ie ren |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « französisch populariser 1 populär machen, dem Volk, der breiten Masse, der Allgemeinheit nahebringen ein Parteiprogramm popularisieren 2 populär gestalten, umgestalten und so gemeinverständlich machen wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse popularisieren

 

Popularisierung

Po pu la ri sie rung Substantiv, feminin bildungssprachlich , die |Popularis ie rung |die Popularisierung; Genitiv: der Popularisierung, Plural: die Popularisierungen das Popularisieren; das Popularisiertwerden

 

Popularität

Po pu la ri tät Substantiv, feminin , die |Popularit ä t |die Popularität; Genitiv: der Popularität französisch popularité < lateinisch popularitas 1 das Populärsein; Volkstümlichkeit, Beliebtheit seine Popularität ist gestiegen | große Popularität genießen 2 selten Gemeinverständlichkeit

 

Popularklage

Po pu lar kla ge Substantiv, feminin Rechtssprache , die |Popul a rklage | Klage 3 , die von jemandem erhoben wird, der nicht selbst betroffen ist

 

Populärmusik

Po pu lär mu sik Substantiv, feminin , die |Popul ä rmusik | so viel wie Popmusik

 

Popularphilosophie

Po pu lar phi lo so phie Substantiv, feminin , die |Popul a rphilosophie |die Popularphilosophie; Genitiv: der Popularphilosophie die von einer Schriftstellergruppe des 18. Jahrhunderts verbreitete volkstümliche, Allgemeinverständlichkeit anstrebende [Aufklärungs ]philosophie

 

populärwissenschaftlich

po pu lär wis sen schaft lich Adjektiv |popul ä rwissenschaftlich |in populärer, gemeinverständlicher Form wissenschaftlich populärwissenschaftliche Literatur | etwas populärwissenschaftlich darstellen

 

French Dictionary

popularisation

popularisation n. f. nom féminin Action de rendre populaire, de faire connaître quelque chose. : La popularisation de l ’opéra. SYNONYME vulgarisation .

 

populariser

populariser v. tr. , pronom. verbe transitif Faire connaître, vulgariser. : Hubert Reeves a popularisé l ’astronomie, Pavarotti, l ’opéra. Devenir populaire. : Au fil du temps, le golf s ’est popularisé, s ’est démocratisé. Note Grammaticale À la forme pronominale, le participe passé de ce verbe s ’accorde toujours en genre et en nombre avec son sujet. Les voyages sous les tropiques se sont popularisés. aimer

 

popularité

popularité n. f. nom féminin Caractère de quelqu ’un ou quelque chose qui plaît, qui recueille la faveur populaire. : Ces humoristes ont une grande popularité. SYNONYME renommée .

 

Spanish Dictionary

popular

popular adjetivo 1 Que pertenece al pueblo (comunidad o grupo mayoritario ) o tiene su origen en él :el folclore popular; la soberanía popular; las costumbres populares .2 Que pertenece a las clases más bajas de la sociedad :vivía en un barrio popular a las afueras de la ciudad; en esta novela se aprecia el lenguaje popular .3 Que tiene aceptación y fama entre la mayoría de la gente :cenaron en un restaurante muy popular de la capital; es un cantante muy popular entre los jóvenes .SINÓNIMO famoso .4 Que tiene muchos amigos o es muy conocido en un determinado círculo de gente :es muy popular en el colegio .5 Que está al alcance de las personas con menos medios económicos o de escasa formación cultural :han lanzado una edición popular de las novelas rusas; la zarzuela es un género popular .6 Esp Del Partido Popular, partido político formado por una coalición de conservadores, democristianos y liberales :la estrategia popular .7 adjetivo /nombre común Esp [persona ] Que es miembro del Partido Popular . VÉASE democracia popular; etimología popular; milicias populares; olla popular .

 

popularidad

popularidad nombre femenino Aceptación y fama que tiene una persona o una cosa entre la mayoría de la gente :aparecer en televisión es una de las mejores maneras de lograr popularidad .

 

popularismo

popularismo nombre masculino Tendencia o afición a lo popular en todos los ámbitos de la vida, en especial en el arte :el popularismo de la ópera bufa; el poeta mezcla en su poesía el popularismo con caracteres cultos .SINÓNIMO populismo .

 

popularista

popularista adjetivo 1 Del popularismo o relacionado con él :canción popularista; se siente un latido de misterio, de poesía, de intimismo en el que a veces aflora, aquí y allá, un toque popularista, una referencia al folclore .2 adjetivo /nombre común [persona ] Que es partidario del popularismo o aficionado a él :autor popularista .

 

popularización

popularización nombre femenino Acción de conseguir la aceptación de muchos :el mundo de la informática ha experimentado en los últimos años una gran popularización; con su obra trató de contribuir a la popularización de las artes decorativas .

 

popularizar

popularizar verbo transitivo 1 Hacer que una persona o cosa adquiera popularidad entre el público :Bob Marley popularizó la música jamaicana y se convirtió en un mito para los amantes del reggae ;este baile se popularizó en los años 20 .2 Hacer que las personas de escasa formación cultural puedan entender y disfrutar una cosa con carácter culto :con este trabajo desean popularizar la ópera ;a lo largo del siglo xix, la música ligera se popularizó definitivamente con los vodeviles, las operetas y las piezas de cabaré . Conjugación [4 ] como realizar .

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

popular

pop u lar /pɑ́pjələ r |pɔ́pjʊ -/〖原義は 「民衆の 」〗形容詞 比較なし /1はmore ～; most ～1 〈人 物が 〉 «…に, …の間で /…として » 人気のある , 評判の ; 受けがよい ; よく用いられる, ポピュラーな «with, among /as » (↔unpopular )▸ one of the most popular drama series 最も人気のある連続ドラマの1つ ▸ The video game is popular with [among ] children .そのテレビゲームは子供たちに人気がある ▸ Yoga has become increasingly popular in recent years .ヨガは近年ますます人気が出てきた (!｟コーパス ｠hugely, extremely, immenselyなどによっても修飾される ) .2 〖名詞 の前で 〗一般的な , 広くゆきわたった, 多くの人が持つ 〈考え 意見 要求など 〉▸ contrary to popular belief 一般通念に反して .3 ｟時に非難して ｠〖名詞 の前で 〗一般大衆向けの 〈新聞 番組 芸術など 〉▸ a popular newspaper 大衆紙 4 〖名詞 の前で 〗庶民による 〈運動 賞賛など 〉; (政党内に限定しない )一般大衆向けの 〈政治活動など 〉▸ popular support for A Aに対する民間の支持 .Y ò u'll be p ó pular. =That'll m à ke you p ó pular .｟話 皮肉で ｠えらいことになるぞ (!警告として用いる ) .～̀ c á pitalism 大衆資本主義 〘1980年代の英国の保守政策 〙.～̀ c ú lture 大衆文化 .～̀ fr ó nt 人民戦線 .～̀ m ú sic ポピュラー音楽 .～̀ pr é ss 〖the ～〗大衆紙 ; 低俗新聞 .～̀ sc í ence 大衆科学 .～̀ s ó ng 流行歌 .～̀ v ó te (米国大統領選挙で )一般投票 〘選挙人ではなく一般有権者による投票 〙.

 

popularity

pop u lar i ty /pɑ̀pjəlǽrəti |pɔ̀pju -/名詞 U C «…への /…の間での /…としての » 人気, 評判, 支持 «with /among /as » ▸ grow [gain ] in popularity 人気が出る [増す ]; 脚光を浴びる ▸ lose [win ] popularity 人気を失う [得る ]▸ a popularity rating 支持率, 人気ランキング ▸ a popularity contest 人気投票 .

 

popularization

p ò p u lar i z á tion 名詞 U ｟ややかたく ｠大衆化, 普及 ; C 普及した物 .

 

popularize

pop u lar ize /pɑ́pjələràɪz |pɔ́pjʊ -/動詞 他動詞 ｟ややかたく ｠〈物 概念など 〉を一般化する, 普及させる, 広める .p ó p u lar ì z er 名詞 C 普及者 .

 

popularly

p ó p u lar ly 副詞 〖通例 過分 を修飾して 〗1 一般に (は ), 俗に (commonly )▸ Universal Studios Japan, popularly known as USJ 一般にはUSJとして知られるユニバーサルスタジオジャパン .2 民主的に ; (専門家でなく )一般人の手によって ▸ be popularly elected 民主的手続きを経て選出される .