English-Thai Dictionary
since
ADV เมื่อ หลาย ปี มา แล้ว เมื่อก่อน จากนั้นมา ตั้งแต่นั้นมา muan-lai-pe-ma-leo
since
CONJ ตั้งแต่ as because inasmuch as whereas tang-tea
since
CONJ เนื่องจาก as for inasmuch as nuang-jak
since
PREP ตั้งแต่ due to because of oweing to tang-tea
since the year dot
IDM ยาวนาน มาก นาน มาก yao-nan-mak
sincere
ADJ จริงใจ ตรงไปตรงมา honest truthful faithful trustworthy closed secretive jing-jai
sincere
ADJ บริสุทธ์ ไม่ เจือปน bo-ri-sud
sincere
ADJ แท้จริง real actual feigned tea-jing
sincerely
ADV อย่างจริงใจ honestly yang-jing-jai
sincerely
ADV อย่างแท้จริง อย่าง บริสุทธิ์ truly really yang-tea-jing
sincerity
N ความจริงใจ honesty frankness openness cunning deceit dishonesty kwam-jing-jai
sincerity
N ความบริสุทธิ์ ความ ไม่มี สิ่งเจือปน kwam-bo-ri-sud
sincerity
N ความแท้จริง ความ ไม่ ปลอม exactness deceit falsehood kwam-tea-jing
Webster's 1828 Dictionary
SINCE
prep. or adv. 1. After; from the time that. The proper signification of since is after, and its appropriate sense includes the whole period between an event and the present time. I have not seen my brother since January. The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming. Genesis 3 :3 . Holy prophets, who have been since the world began. Luke 1:7 ; John 9:32. Since then denotes, during the whole time after an event; or at any particular time during that period.
2. Ago; past; before this. "About two years since, an event happened," that is, two years having passed.
3. Because that; this being the fact that. Since truth and constancy are vain, since neither love nor sese of pain nor force of reason can persuade, then let example be obey'd. Since, when it precedes a noun, is called a preposition, but when it precedes sentence it is called an adverb. The truth is, the character of the word is the same in both cases. It is probably an obsolete participle, and according to the usual classification of words, may be properly ranked with the prepositions. In strictness, the last clause of the passage above cited is the case absolute. "The Lord hath blessed the, since my coming, " that is, my arrival being past. So, since the world began, is strictly past the world began, the beginning of the world being past. In the first case, since considered as a preposition, has coming, a noun, for its object, and in the latter case, the clause of a sentence. So we say, against your arrival, or against you come.
SINCERE
a.[L. sincerus, which is said to be composed of sine, without, and cera, wax; as if applied originally to pure honey. ] 1. Pure; unmixed. As new-born babes, desire the sincere milk of the word. 1 Peter 2:2. A joy which never was sincere till now. There is no sincere acid in any animal juice. I would have all gallicisms avoided, that our tongue may be sincere. [This sense is for the most part obsolete. We use the phrases, sincere joy, sincere pleasure; but we mean by them, unfeigned, real joy or pleasure. ]
2. Unhurt; uninjured. The' inviolable body stood sincere.
3. Being in reality what it appears to be; not feigned; not simulated; not assumed or said for the sake of appearance; real; not hypocritical or pretended. This is the present use of the word. Let your intentions be pure and your declarations sincere. Let love and friendship be sincere. No prayer can avail with a heart-searching God, unless it is sincere.
SINCERELY
adv. Honestly; with real purity of heart; without simulation or disguise; to love virtue sincerely.
SINCERENESS
n.Sincerity.
SINCERITY
n.[L. sinceritas.] 1. Honesty of mind or intention; freedom from simulation or hypocrisy. We may question a man's prudence, when we cannot question his sincerity.
2. Freedom from hypocrisy, disguise or false pretense; as the sincerity of a declaration or of love.
Webster's 1913 Dictionary
SINCE
Since, adv. Etym: [For sins, contr. fr. OE. sithens, sithenes, formed by an adverbial ending (cf. Besides ) from OE. sithen, also shortened into sithe, sin, AS. si, sy, seo, afterward, then, since, after; properly, after that; fr. sisi afterward, since, OHG. sid, G. seit since, Goth. seipus late, ni sei no longer ) + instrumental of the demonstrative and article. See That. ]
1. From a definite past time until now; as, he went a month ago, and I have not seen him since. We since become the slaves to one man's lust. B. Jonson.
2. In the time past, counting backward from the present; before this or now; ago. w many ages since has Virgil writ Roscommon. About two years since, it so fell out, that he was brought to a great lady's house. Sir P. Sidney.
3. When or that. [Obs. ] Do you remember since we lay all night in the windmill in St. George's field Shak.
SINCE
SINCE Since, prep.
Defn: From the time of; in or during the time subsequent to; subsequently to; after; -- usually with a past event or time for the object. The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming. Gen. xxx. 3 .I have a model by which he build a nobler poem than any extant since the ancients. Dryden.
SINCE
SINCE Since, conj.
Defn: Seeing that; because; considering; -- formerly followed by that. Since that my penitence comes after all, Imploring pardon. Shak. Since truth and constancy are vain, Since neither love, nor sense of pain, Nor force of reason, can persuade, Then let example be obeyed. Granville.
Syn. -- Because; for; as; inasmuch as; considering. See Because.
SINCERE
Sin *cere ", a. [Compar. Sincerer; superl. Sincerest.] Etym: [L.sincerus, of uncertain origin; the first part perhaps akin to sin- in singuli (see Single ), and the second to cernere to separate (cf. Discern ): cf. F. sincère.]
1. Pure; unmixed; unadulterated. There is no sincere acid in any animal juice. Arbuthnot. A joy which never was sincere till now. Dryden.
2. Whole; perfect; unhurt; uninjured. [Obs. ] The inviolable body stood sincere. Dryden.
3. Being in reality what it appears to be; having a character which corresponds with the appearance; not falsely assumed; genuine; true; real; as, a sincere desire for knowledge; a sincere contempt for meanness. A sincere intention of pleasing God in all our actions. Law.
4. Honest; free from hypocrisy or dissimulation; as, a sincere friend; a sincere person. The more sincere you are, the better it will fare with you at the great day of account. Waterland.
Syn. -- Honest; unfeigned; unvarnished; real; true; unaffected; inartificial; frank; upright. See Hearty.
SINCERELY
SINCERELY Sin *cere "ly, adv.
Defn: In a sincere manner. Specifically: (a ) Purely; without alloy. Milton. (b ) Honestly; unfeignedly; without dissimulation; as, to speak one's mind sincerely; to love virtue sincerely.
SINCERENESS
SINCERENESS Sin *cere "ness, n.
Defn: Same as Sincerity. Beau & Fl.
SINCERITY
Sin *cer "i *ty, n. Etym: [L. sinceritas: cf. F. sincérité. ]
Defn: The quality or state of being sincere; honesty of mind or intention; freedom from simulation, hypocrisy, disguise, or false pretense; sincereness. I protest, in the sincerity of love. Shak. Sincerity is a duty no less plain than important. Knox.
New American Oxford Dictionary
since
since |sins sɪns | ▶preposition, conjunction, & adverb 1 in the intervening period between (the time mentioned ) and the time under consideration, typically the present: [ as prep. ] : she has suffered from depression since she was sixteen | the worst property slump since the war | [ as conjunction ] : I've felt better since I've been here | [ as adv. ] : she ran away on Friday and we haven't seen her since. 2 [ conjunction ] for the reason that: because: delegates were delighted, since better protection of rhino reserves will help protect other rare species. 3 [ adv. ] ago: the settlement had vanished long since . ORIGIN late Middle English: contraction of obsolete sithence, or from dialect sin (both from dialect sithen ‘thereupon, afterward, ever since ’). usage: When using since as a causal conjunction to mean ‘because ’ or ‘given that, ’ be aware that in some contexts or constructions the word may be construed as referring to time. For example, in the sentence, Since Mrs. Jefferson moved to Baltimore in the 1990s, she was not aware of the underlying complexities, it is not clear, especially at the beginning, whether since means ‘because ’ or ‘from the time when. ’ It is often better to simply say ‘because, ’ if that is the intended meaning.
sincere
sin cere |sinˈsi (ə )r sɪnˈsɪ (ə )r | ▶adjective ( sincerer, sincerest ) free from pretense or deceit; proceeding from genuine feelings: they offer their sincere thanks to Paul. • (of a person ) saying what they genuinely feel or believe; not dishonest or hypocritical. DERIVATIVES sin cere ness noun ORIGIN mid 16th cent. (also in the sense ‘not falsified, unadulterated ’): from Latin sincerus ‘clean, pure. ’
sincerely
sin cere ly |sinˈsi (ə )rlē sɪnˈsɪ (ə )rli | ▶adverb in a sincere or genuine way: I sincerely hope that we shall have a change of government | [ as submodifier ] : sincerely held differences of belief. • (also sincerely yours or yours sincerely ) a formula used to end a letter, typically a formal one in which the recipient is addressed by name.
sincerity
sin cer i ty |sinˈseritē sɪnˈserəti | ▶noun the quality of being free from pretense, deceit, or hypocrisy: the sincerity of his beliefs is unquestionable.
Oxford Dictionary
since
since |sɪns | ▶preposition, conjunction, & adverb 1 in the intervening period between (the time mentioned ) and the time under consideration, typically the present: [ as prep. ] : she has suffered from depression since she was sixteen | the worst property slump since the war | I've felt better since I've been here | [ as adv. ] : she ran away on Friday and we haven't seen her since. 2 [ conjunction ] for the reason that; because: delegates were delighted, since better protection of rhino reserves will help protect other rare species. 3 [ adverb ] ago: the settlement had vanished long since . ORIGIN late Middle English: contraction of obsolete sithence, or from dialect sin (both from dialect sithen ‘thereupon, afterwards, ever since ’).
sincere
sin |cere |sɪnˈsɪə | ▶adjective ( sincerer, sincerest ) free from pretence or deceit; proceeding from genuine feelings: they offer their sincere thanks to Paul. • (of a person ) saying what they genuinely feel or believe; not dishonest or hypocritical. DERIVATIVES sincereness noun ORIGIN mid 16th cent. (also in the sense ‘not falsified, unadulterated ’): from Latin sincerus ‘clean, pure ’.
sincerely
sin |cere ¦ly |sɪnˈsɪəli | ▶adverb in a sincere or genuine way: I sincerely hope that we shall have a change of government | a sincerely held belief. PHRASES yours sincerely (US also sincerely yours ) a formula used to end a letter, typically a formal one in which the recipient is addressed by name.
sincerity
sin |cer ¦ity |sɪnˈsɛrəti | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the absence of pretence, deceit, or hypocrisy: the sincerity of his beliefs is unquestionable.
American Oxford Thesaurus
since
since conjunction Larry's not coming since his back is acting up again: because, as, inasmuch as, for the reason that, seeing that /as.
sincere
sincere adjective 1 our sincere gratitude: heartfelt, wholehearted, profound, deep; genuine, real, unfeigned, unaffected, true, honest, bona fide. 2 a sincere person: honest, genuine, truthful, unhypocritical, straightforward, direct, frank, candid; informal straight, upfront, on the level, on the up and up.
sincerely
sincerely adverb we sincerely hope you'll be better soon: genuinely, honestly, really, truly, truthfully, wholeheartedly, earnestly, fervently.
sincerity
sincerity noun there's no reason to doubt her sincerity: honesty, genuineness, truthfulness, integrity, probity, trustworthiness; straightforwardness, openness, candor, candidness.
Oxford Thesaurus
sincere
sincere adjective 1 my wife and I would like to express our sincere gratitude for what you did: heartfelt, wholehearted, profound, deep, from the heart; genuine, real, unfeigned, unaffected, true, honest, bona fide, earnest, cordial, fervent, ardent, devout; rare full-hearted. ANTONYMS perfunctory, token. 2 Jean is such a sincere person: honest, genuine, truthful, unhypocritical, meaning what one says, straightforward, direct, frank, candid; artless, guileless, ingenuous; informal straight, upfront, on the level; N. Amer. informal on the up and up; Austral. /NZ informal dinkum. ANTONYMS insincere, hypocritical, disingenuous, two-faced. CHOOSE THE RIGHT WORD sincere, genuine, unfeigned, unaffected These words are all used to indicate that someone or something can be trusted to be what they appear to be. ■ Sincere is used of emotions that are free from pretence or deceit (a sincere concern for the future of Britain ), and can also be used of a person (a sincere and generous man ). It can also apply to the results of such genuine feelings (very bad but sincere poems | please accept my sincere condolences ). ■ A feeling described as genuine is truly that feeling and not a hypocritical imitation of it (a man with a genuine love of his country ). When used of a person, genuine can have two quite different senses, depending on the noun and the context: ‘truly what they are said or appear to be ’ (no genuine police officers will demand cash on the spot for speeding offences ) or ‘having emotions that are what they appear to be ’ (most of the people in the regiment were hard-working, genuine people ). ■ Unfeigned is a rarer, more literary word, used only for emotions, not people (a broad smile of unfeigned delight ). ■ Unaffected is used either of a person who behaves naturally and simply, without trying to impress with artificiality or insincerity (what a pretty, unaffected girl she was, full of life and fun ) or of their emotions (taking unaffected pleasure in his friend's good fortune ).These notes show fine distinctions in meaning between closely related synonyms to help you find the best word.
sincerely
sincerely adverb I sincerely hope that this scheme will succeed: genuinely, honestly, really, with all sincerity, truly, truthfully, wholeheartedly, with all one's heart, from the bottom of one's heart, earnestly, fervently, seriously; without pretence, without feigning, in good faith. ANTONYMS insincerely.
sincerity
sincerity noun there seems no reason to doubt the sincerity of her apology: honesty, genuineness, truthfulness, good faith, lack of deceit, integrity, probity, trustworthiness; wholeheartedness, seriousness, earnestness; straightforwardness, openness, candour, candidness, guilelessness, ingenuousness; Latin bona fides. ANTONYMS insincerity.
French Dictionary
sincère
sincère adj. adjectif Franc, vrai. : Sois sincère: dis-moi ce que tu penses vraiment. SYNONYME authentique ; loyal . Note Orthographique sinc è re.
sincèrement
sincèrement adv. adverbe D ’une manière sincère. : Je vous remercie bien sincèrement. Note Orthographique sinc è rement.
sincérité
sincérité n. f. nom féminin Qualité de ce qui est sincère, loyal. : Je vous le dis en toute sincérité. Note Orthographique sinc é rité.
Spanish Dictionary
sinceramente
sinceramente adverbio Con sinceridad :habló sinceramente; sinceramente, no me parece bien lo que quieres hacer .
sincerarse
sincerarse verbo pronominal Contar un hecho o un sentimiento personal y reservado a alguien sin fingir ni ocultar información, especialmente para justificar un hecho o un comportamiento o para aliviar la propia conciencia :sincerarse con otro .
sinceridad
sinceridad nombre femenino Falta de fingimiento en las cosas que se dicen o en lo que se hace :la sinceridad es la base para una buena amistad; dime lo que piensas con sinceridad .
sincero, -ra
sincero, -ra adjetivo 1 [persona ] Que habla y obra según lo que piensa realmente, sin mentir ni fingir :para ser sincero, tengo que decirte que lo supe desde el principio .2 Que implica o denota sinceridad :le di mi más sincera enhorabuena; quería animarla, aprobar cada nueva pincelada, pero solo cuando llevaba ya más de una hora trabajando pude hacerlo con sincera convicción .3 Que es auténtico o veraz :a veces me asaltaban sinceros deseos de largarme del país .
Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary
since
since /sɪns /接続詞 【過去の始点 】 (!肯定文を従えて ) 1 a. 〖通例現在完了形と共に 〗…以来 (現在までの間ずっと ), …から , …以降 ; …以来 (現在までの間に )▸ We have worked [have been working ] together (ever ) since we left school .我々は学校を出てからずっと一緒に仕事をしてきた (↓コーパスの窓 (1 )(b ), 前置詞 語法 (2 ))▸ I have only been home once since I was in college .大学在学中以来, 家には1度きりしか帰っていない ▸ Your mother has been a friend of mine since before you were born .君のお母さんは君が生まれる前からの友人だ ▸ Jennifer has learned a lot of things in the four years since she got divorced .ジェニファーは離婚後の4年間で多くのことを学んだ (↓前置詞 類義 )語法 sinceの位置と強勢 リズム 時を表すsinceは一般に強勢は受けない ▸ We have w ó rked tog é ther (↘) since we l é ft sch ó ol (). 主節は意味上の重点を置きたい場合に文末に移動し, 文頭にきたsinceはしばしば強勢を受ける ▸ S í nce we l é ft sch ó ol (), we have w ó rked tog é ther (↘).コーパスの窓 sinceと時制 時の表現 ①主節の時制 a. 現在完了形と過去完了形 sinceは過去のある時点に始まった出来事や状態を, 現在 [ある時点 ]の視点で振り返るときに用いる . その振り返る視点が現在 (発話時 )のときは現在完了形と, 同じく視点が過去の時は過去完了形と用いる . 頻度の点では過去完了形は全体の1割にも満たないが, ⦅話 ⦆で過去を振り返ったり, 小説などで登場人物の立場で出来事を回顧する際に好まれる ▸ Ed was 65 years old. He had worked there since he was twenty .エドは65歳だった . 彼は20歳の時から (その時まで )そこで働いていた .また, 過去完了形よりもさらに頻度は少ないが, 未来の視点から未来完了形で用いられることもある ▸ Next month I will have been living here for two years since I moved in .来月で, 私が引っ越してきてから2年ここに住んでいることになる .b. 完了進行形 完了進行形が用いられると, 今後 [その時点以後 ]もその状態が続く可能性が高いと話し手が考えていることを暗示 .c. 現在形と過去形 過去の原因による現在の習慣や変化を表すときには現在形と用いられることがある ▸ Carol goes for a drive every day since she bought a new car .キャロルは新車を買って以来毎日ドライブに出かけている .また, 過去の特定期間を回顧する文脈では過去形と用いられることがある ▸ I always wanted to be an actor since I was 12 .私は12歳の時からいつも俳優になりたいと思っていた .②since 節中の時制 主節が現在 (完了 )形のとき, since節中の 動詞 は通例過去形だが, その状態が現在も続いている場合は現在完了形が用いられる ▸ I've lost eight pounds since I' ve been here .私はここに来て (今までに )8ポンド (≒3.6kg )体重が減った .また, since節中の行為 状態が今後も継続されると話し手が感じている場合, 現在完了進行形が用いられることがある ▸ Since you have been doing films, who has been your favorite person to work with? これまで映画の仕事を続けてきて (そしてこれからも続けられるでしょうが ), 一緒に仕事をするのにお気に入りの人はどなたでしたか .③since 節中の時の副詞句 節 since節は過去の始点を表すが具体的な時を明示する副詞句 節を伴うことがある ▸ I have watched that drama since it began in 1994 [when I was 18 ].私はそのドラマが1994年に [18歳のときに ]始まって以来見ている ▸ Things have changed since they got married [since their marriage ] two years ago .2年前に彼らが結婚してから事態は変わった (!(1 )two years agoはsinceに続く節や句を修飾している; ↓前置詞 作文のポイント . (2 )現在の視点から述べるときはagoを使うが, 過去の視点から述べるときはbefore, earlierなどを用いる ) b. 〖it's been /it's C since …〗(今の時点で )…して以来C 〈ある期間 〉になる ; 〖it had been /it was C since …〗(その時点で )…して以来C 〈ある期間 〉になっていた ▸ It's been [It's ] ten years since my uncle died [⦅よりかたく ⦆since my uncle's death ].叔父が死んで10年になる (!ほぼ同じ内容はMy uncle died ten years ago. (過去の時点に注目 ), My uncle has been dead for ten years. (継続状態に注目 ), Ten years have passed since my uncle died. (過ぎ去った期間に注目 )でも表現可能 ) ▸ It's been a long time [so long , ages ] since I saw him last .この前彼に会って以来ずいぶんになる ; 長い間彼に会っていない ▸ Anne didn't recognize me at first. It had been five years since we had met at a party .アンは最初私がだれだかわからなかった . パーティで出会ってから5年が経っていた コミュニケーション A: How long (has it been [is it ]) since you quit smoking? タバコをやめてどのくらいになりますか .B: Almost two weeks. ほぼ2週間です .❢⦅くだけて ⦆ではhas it been [is it ]はしばしば省略 .語法 コーパス 1 主節の時制 発話時点での状態をいうとき, ⦅米 ⦆ではit has beenが, ⦅英 ⦆ではit isが好まれる. 前者は通例it 's beenの形で, 後者はしばしばit 'sの形で用いられる. 過去の時点での状態をいうのは ⦅書 ⦆に多いが, ⦅米書 ⦆では過去完了形が, ⦅英書 ⦆では過去形が好まれる. また, ⦅まれ ⦆に未来の時点での状態をいうときは未来形を用いる .2 since 節中の時制 主節が現在 (完了 )形のとき, since節中の 動詞 は通例過去形が, ⦅まれ ⦆に現在完了形が用いられる. 一方, 主節が過去 (完了 )形のとき, since節中の 動詞 はしばしば過去形, 時に過去完了形が用いられる .2 a. 〖序数の後で 〗…以来 (…番目の )(↓前置詞 2 b )▸ At 35, I cried for the first time since I was eight .35歳の時, 私は8つの時以来初めて声をあげて泣いた ▸ It was the first time since Jim was born that we got more than 2 hours of sleep .我々が2時間以上睡眠をとったのはジムが生まれて以来初めてのことだった (!⦅コーパス ⦆主節の主語はitのほかにthat, thisなどが用いられ, 過去のことにはit, that, this, 現在のことにはit, this, that, 未来のことにはit, thisを用いることが多い; that節のthatを省略するのは ⦅まれ ⦆) b. 〖最上級の後で 〗…以来 (最も …)(↓前置詞 2 a ).【理由 】3 ⦅ややかたく ⦆ (!理由を表すsinceは通例強勢を受けない ) a. 〖既知の理由 〗(ご承知のとおり )…なので , だから , である以上 (→because 接続詞 1a 類義 )▸ “Since it's such a beautiful day, why don't we do something outdoors? ” “That's a good idea. ”「すばらしい天気なので外で何かしませんか 」「いいですね 」▸ Do you spend a lot of time with your children? I know it might be hard since you are very busy! 子供さんと過ごされる時間は多いですか . お忙しいでしょうから難しいかもしれませんね (!since節を強調したいときは聞き手はすでに知っている内容でも文尾に置かれる; ↓語法 ) 語法 コーパス 強い因果関係を表すbecause節は意味上の焦点となって主節の後に置かれることが多いが, sinceは聞き手にとって既知の内容を伝えるため, 主節の前と後は同じくらいの割合で用いられる. また, becauseのようにit is … that … 構文やonly, just, simplyなどによる強調も行われない. ただし, especiallyやparticularlyを伴って, 特別な理由に言及するsince節を軽く添えることは可能 ▸ Although it was a lot of work, it was also a lot of fun. Especially since my husband was with me! 大変な仕事でしたが, 大変楽しくもありました . 特に夫が一緒でしたからね (!通例主節の後にコンマと共に添えられたり, この例のようにsince節が単独で用いられる ) なお, 「過去の始点 」を表すのか 「理由 」を表すのかあいまいな場合は, becauseを使った方が無難 (→because 1 a 類義 ).b. 〖発言の理由 〗…なので言うが ▸ “How often do you meet him a month? ” “Well, since you asked [ask ], I don't have enough time to spend with him. ”「彼とは1か月にどのくらい会うのですか 」「そうですね, お尋ねですのでお答えしますが, 一緒に過ごす十分な時間がないのです 」前置詞 【過去の始点 】1 a. 〖通例現在完了形と共に 〗〈過去の時点 時期 出来事 〉以来 (現在までの間ずっと ), …から , …以降 ; …以来 (現在までの間に ); 〈有名な人 〉の時以来 (→after 類義 )▸ I haven't seen my mother since 1990 [May, that day ].1990年 [5月, その日 ]以来母には会っていない (!(1 )╳I didn't [don't ] see my mother since … としない; ↑コーパスの窓 (1 )(c ). (2 )sinceの代わりにfromを用いて ╳I haven't seen my mother from 1990 [May, that day ]. としない; ↓類義 ) ▸ We've known each other (ever ) since childhood [college ].我々は子供 [大学 ]の時から (ずっと )知り合いだ (↓語法 (2 ))▸ I saw Lizzie on Sunday, but I haven't seen her since then .リジーには日曜日に会ったけど, それから会っていない ▸ I've been waiting since 7 o'clock in the rain .雨の中7時からずっと待っているんです (!(1 )↑コーパスの窓 (1 )(b ). (2 )since句に重点がある場合は文末に置く ) ▸ I have been a teacher of English for twenty years since leaving college .大学を出てから20年間英語の教師をしている (!do ing を従えるのは ⦅ややかたく ⦆; … since I left collegeのように節を従える方がくだけた言い方; ↓類義 ) ▸ We've come a long way since the 1950s .1950年代からの道のりは遠かった (!変化を遂げるのにかかった時間の長さを感慨深く思い起こす表現 ) ▸ Nearly every American president since George Washington has had one or more dogs .ジョージ ワシントン以来, ほとんどのアメリカ大統領が犬を1匹以上飼っている (!since句は名詞句Nearly … presidentを修飾している ) ⦅作文のポイント ⦆彼は3日前から病気です .× He has been sick since three days ago .○ He has been sick for three days .❢「…前から 」を表す 「since A 〈期間 〉ago 」の形は好ましくないとされる .類義 sinceとfrom sinceは過去のある時を始点とするが, fromは過去 現在 未来のいずれも始点にすることができる ▸ from (one's ) childhood 子供のころから ▸ from now on 今からずっと ▸ from tomorrow 明日から また, sinceは現在または問題となっている時点までの期間を問題にするので通例完了時制と共に用い, またin, for, overなどを伴う期間を明示する表現の後で用いられることがあるが (↑接続詞 1 a 第4例 , 前置詞 1a 第5例 ), 改めてuntil [till ] … などの終点を表す語句と用いるのは ⦅まれ ⦆. 一方, fromは単に開始点だけを示し, しばしばto [until, till ] … などで終点を明示する (→from 2 ).語法 ①主節の時制については ↑コーパスの窓 (1 ).②過去の始点以来の継続を強調するためしばしばeverと共に用いられる (↑前置詞 1a 第2例 , 接続詞 1 a 第1例 , ↓副詞 1 第1例 ).b. 〖it has been /it is … ~ …〗〈出来事 〉以来 〈ある期間 〉になる ; 〖it had been /it was … ~ …〗〈出来事 〉以来 〈ある期間 〉になっていた (↑接続詞 1 b ).2 a. 〖最上級の後で 〗〈過去の時点 時期 出来事 〉以来 (最も …); 〈有名な人 〉の時以来 (最も ) (!現在完了形以外とも用いる ) ▸ The weather has been the worst since 1989 .天気は1989年以来最悪だ (!過去に言及するときは過去形:Last June was the wettest since 1970 . 去年の6月は1970年以来最も雨が多かった ) ▸ Einstein is the greatest scientist since Newton .アインシュタインはニュートン以来最も偉大な科学者だ (!Einstein is the greatest scientist we have had since Newton. の簡略表現 ) ▸ He's happier than at any time since 1990 .彼は今1990年以降最も幸せを感じている (!形は比較級だが最上級に近い意味 ) b. 〖序数の後で 〗…以来 (…番目の )(↑接続詞 2 a )▸ Joe smiled for the first time since the accident .その事故以来ジョーが初めてほほえんだ ▸ This [It ] is the first time since 1999 that the charge has fallen .手数料が下がったのは1999年以来これが初めてだ ▸ the 200th anniversary since Mozart's death モーツァルト没後200周年記念日 副詞 比較なし 1 〖通例現在 過去完了形と共に; 文尾 文中で 〗その後 (ずっと ); 後で , その後のある時に (!after thatは通例過去形 未来形で用いる ) ▸ They first met two years ago and they've lived [been living ] together ever since .彼らは2年前に初めて会って, それ以来ずっと一緒に住んでいる (↑前置詞 語法 (2 ))▸ Sue never married or had children, so my family has since become her family .スーは結婚もしなかったし子供ももたなかった . だからそれ以後私の家族が彼女の家族となった ▸ We have laughed about it many times since .我々は後で何度もそのことで笑った 2 〖期間表現の後で; 文中 文尾で 〗…前 (!通例完了形, 時に過去形と共に ) ▸ They have long since disappeared .彼らはずっと前に消えていた (≒They disappeared a long time ago. ) (!前者は消えた時点から現在までに注目し, 後者は消えた時点にのみ注目する ) s ì nce wh é n (…)?→when .
sincere
sin cere /sɪnsɪ́ə r /〖語源は 「純粋な 」〗(副 )sincerely 形容詞 ~r ; ~st /more ~; most ~(↔insincere )1 〈感情 信条 考えが 〉正直な , 真実の ; 心からの , 偽りのない ▸ a look of sincere concern 神妙な表情 ▸ sincere thanks [apologies ]心からの感謝 [謝罪 ]2 〈人が 〉 «…の点で » 誠実な , 正直な «in » ▸ David is serious and sincere .デイヴィッドはまじめで正直だ ▸ They are sincere in their desire for peace .彼らの平和を望む気持ちは真剣だ
sincerely
sin cere ly /sɪnsɪ́ə r li /→sincere 副詞 more ~; most ~心から , 誠意をもって ▸ I sincerely hope that you will find happiness .幸せを見つけられますよう心よりお祈りいたします ▸ Sincerely ≒⦅米 ⦆Sincerely yours ≒⦅英 ⦆Yours sincerely 敬具 〘正式な手紙の結び文句 〙
sincerity
sin cer i ty /sɪnsérəti /名詞 U 誠実さ, 誠意 ; 正直さ, 表裏のないこと ▸ in all sincerity ⦅かたく ⦆非常に誠実に (≒very sincerely ).