English-Thai Dictionary

say

N สิทธิ ใน การ พูด  สิทธิ ใน การแสดง ความเห็น  expressed opinion voice vote sid-ti-nai-kan-phud

 

say

VI คาดเดา  ประมา ณ  guess suppose surmise kad-dao

 

say

VI พูด  กล่าว  เอ่ย  แสดงความคิดเห็น  express phud

 

say

VI ยกตัวอย่าง  yok-tua-yang

 

say

VT พูด  เล่า  บอก  แจ้ง  กล่าว  เอ่ย  announce pronounce tell speak utter vocalize phud

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

SAY

v.t.pret. and pp. said, contracted from sayed. 1. To speak; to utter in words; as, he said nothing; he said many things; he says not a word. Say a good word for me.
It is observable that although this word is radically synonymous with speak and tell, yet the uses are applications of these words are different. Thus we say, to speak an oration, to tell a story; but in these phrases, say cannot be used. Yet to say a lesson is good English, though not very elegant. We never use the phrases to say a sermon or discourse, to say an argument, to say a speech, to say testimony.
A very general use of say is to introduce a relation, narration or recital, either of the speaker himself or of something said or done or to be done by another. Thus Adam said, this is bone of my bone; Noah said, blessed be the Lord God of Shem. If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves. Say to the cities of Judah, behold your God. I cannot say what I should do in a similar case. Say thus precedes a sentence. But it is perhaps impracticable to reduce the peculiar and appropriate uses of say, speak and tell, to general rules. They can be learned only by observation.
2. To declare. Genesis 38:13.
3. To utter; to pronounce.
Say now Shibboleth. Judges 12:6.
4. To utter, as a command.
God said, let there be light. Genesis 1:3.
5. To utter, as a promise. Luke 23:29 -3 .
6. To utter, as a question or answer. Mark 11:3.
7. To affirm; to teach. Matthew 17:2 .
8. To confess. Luke 17:4.
9. To testify. Acts 26:22.
1 . To argue; to allege by way of argument.
After all that can be said against a thing -
11. To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; as, to say a lesson.
12. To pronounce; to recite without singing. Then shall be said or sung as follows.
13. To report; as in the phrases, it is said, they say.
14. To answer; to utter by way of reply; to tell.
Say, Stella, feel you no content, reflecting on a life well spent?
[Note - This verb is not properly intransitive. In the phrase, "as when we say, Plato is no fool, " the last clause is the object after the verb; that is, "we say what follows." If this verb is properly intransitive in any case, it is in the phrase, "that is to say, " but in such cases, the subsequent clause is the object of the verb, being that which is said, uttered or related. ]

 

SAY

n.A speech; something said. [In popular use, but not elegant. ]

 

SAY

n.[for assay. ] 1. A sample. Obs.
2. Trial by sample. Obs.

 

SAY

n.A thin silk. Obs.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

SAY

SAY Say, obs. imp. of See.

 

Defn: Saw. Chaucer.

 

SAY

Say, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of assay. ]

 

1. Trial by sample; assay; sample; specimen; smack. [Obs. ] if those principal works of God. .. be but certain tastes and saus, as if were, of that final benefit. Hooker. Thy tongue some say of breeding breathes. Shak.

 

2. Tried quality; temper; proof. [Obs. ] he found a sword of better say. Spenser.

 

3. Essay; trial; attempt. [Obs. ] To give a say at, to attempt. B. Jonson.

 

SAY

SAY Say, v. t.

 

Defn: To try; to assay. [Obs. ] B. Jonson.

 

SAY

Say, n. Etym: [OE. saie, F. saie, fr. L. saga, equiv. to sagum, sagus, a coarse woolen mantle; cf. Gr. Sagum. ]

 

1. A kind of silk or satin. [Obs. ] Thou say, thou serge, nay, thou buckram lord! Shak.

 

2. A delicate kind of serge, or woolen cloth. [Obs. ] His garment neither was of silk nor say. Spenser.

 

SAY

Say, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Said, contracted from sayed; p. pr. & vb. n.Saying. ] Etym: [OE. seggen, seyen, siggen, sayen, sayn, AS. secgan; akin to OS. seggian, D. zeggen, LG. seggen, OHG. sag, G. sagen, Icel. segja, Sw. säga, Dan. sige, Lith. sakyti; cf. OL. insece teil, relate, Gr. Saga, Saw a saying. ]

 

1. To utter or express in words; to tell; to speak; to declare; as, he said many wise things. Arise, and say how thou camest here. Shak.

 

2. To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; to pronounce; as, to say a lesson. Of my instruction hast thou nothing bated In what thou hadst to say Shak. After which shall be said or sung the following hymn. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

 

3. To announce as a decision or opinion; to state positively; to assert; hence, to form an opinion upon; to be sure about; to be determined in mind as to. But what it is, hard is to say. Milton.

 

4. To mention or suggest as an estimate, hypothesis, or approximation; hence, to suppose; -- in the imperative, followed sometimes by the subjunctive; as, he had, say fifty thousand dollars; the fox had run, say ten miles.Say, for nonpayment that the debt should double, Is twenty hundred kisses such a trouble Shak. It is said, or They say, it is commonly reported; it is rumored; people assert or maintain. -- That is to say, that is; in other words; otherwise.

 

SAY

SAY Say, v. i.

 

Defn: To speak; to express an opinion; to make answer; to reply. You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the forest judge. Shak. To this argument we shall soon have said; for what concerns it us to hear a husband divulge his household privacies Milton.

 

SAY

Say, n. Etym: [From Say, v. t.; cf. Saw a saying. ]

 

Defn: A speech; something said; an expression of opinion; a current story; a maxim or proverb. [Archaic or Colloq. ] He no sooner said out his say, but up rises a cunning snap. L'Estrange.That strange palmer's boding say, That fell so ominous and drear Full on the object of his fear. Sir W. Scott.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

say

say |sā seɪ | ▶verb ( says |sez |; past and past participle said |sed | ) 1 [ reporting verb ] utter words so as to convey information, an opinion, a feeling or intention, or an instruction: [ with direct speech ] : “Thank you, ” he said | [ with clause ] : he said the fund stood at $100,000 | [ with obj. ] : our parents wouldn't believe a word we said | [ with infinitive ] : he said to come early. • (of a text or a symbolic representation ) convey specified information or instructions: [ with clause ] : the law says such behavior is an offense. • [ with obj. ] enable a listener or reader to learn or understand something by conveying or revealing (information or ideas ): I don't want to say too much | figurative : the movie's title says it all . • [ with obj. ] (of a clock or watch ) indicate (a specified time ): the clock says ten past two. • (be said ) be asserted or reported (often used to avoid committing the speaker or writer to the truth of the assertion ): [ with infinitive ] : they were said to be training freedom fighters | [ with clause ] : it is said that she lived to be over a hundred. • [ with obj. ] (say something for ) present a consideration in favor of or excusing (someone or something ): all I can say for him is that he's a better writer than some. • [ with obj. ] utter the whole of (a speech or other set of words, typically one learned in advance ): we say the Pledge of Allegiance each morning. 2 [ with clause ] assume something in order to work out what its consequences would be; make a hypothesis: let's say we pay five thousand dollars in the first year. • used parenthetically to indicate that something is being suggested as possible or likely but not certain: the form might include, say, a dozen questions. ▶exclam. informal used to express surprise or to draw attention to a remark or question: say, did you notice any blood? ▶noun [ in sing. ] an opportunity for stating one's opinion or feelings: the voters are entitled to have their say on the treaty. • an opportunity to influence developments and policy: the assessor will have a say in how the money is spent | the households concerned would still have some say in what happened. PHRASES go without saying be obvious: it goes without saying that teachers must be selected with care. [translating French (cela ) va sans dire . ] have something to say for oneself contribute to a conversation or discussion, esp. as an explanation for one's behavior or actions: haven't you anything to say for yourself? how say you? Law how do you find? (addressed to the jury when requesting its verdict ). I (or he, she, etc. ) cannot (or could not ) say I (or he, she, etc. ) do not know. I'll say informal used to express emphatic agreement: “That was a good landing. ” “I'll say! ” I must (or have to ) say I cannot refrain from saying (used to emphasize an opinion ): you have a nerve, I must say! I say! Brit. dated used to express surprise or to draw attention to a remark: I say, that's a bit much! I wouldn't say no informal used to indicate that one would like something. not to say used to introduce a stronger alternative or addition to something already said: it is easy to become sensitive, not to say paranoid. say no more informal used to indicate that one understands what someone is trying to imply. says you! informal used in speech to express disagreement or disbelief: “He's guilty. ” “Says you! I think he's innocent. ” say when informal said when helping someone to food or drink to instruct them to indicate when they have enough. say the word give permission or instructions to do something. that is to say see that. there is no saying it is impossible to know. they say it is rumored. to say nothing of another way of saying not to mention (see mention ). to say the least see least. what do (or would ) you say used to make a suggestion or offer: what do you say to a glass of wine? when all is said and done when everything is taken into account (used to indicate that one is making a generalized judgment about a situation ). you can say that again! informal used in spoken English to express emphatic agreement. you don't say! informal used to express amazement or disbelief. you said it! informal used to express the feeling that someone's words are true or appropriate. DERIVATIVES say a ble adjective, say er noun [ usu. in combination ] : naysayers ORIGIN Old English secgan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch zeggen and German sagen .

 

Oxford Dictionary

say

say |seɪ | ▶verb ( says |sɛz |; past and past participle said |sɛd | ) 1 [ reporting verb ] utter words so as to convey information, an opinion, a feeling or intention, or an instruction: [ with direct speech ] : ‘Thank you, ’ he said | [ with clause ] : he said the fund stood at £100,000 | [ with obj. ] : our parents wouldn't believe a word we said | [ with infinitive ] : he said to come early. • (of a text or a symbolic representation ) convey specified information or instructions: [ with clause ] : the Act says such behaviour is an offence. • [ with obj. ] enable a listener or reader to learn or understand something by conveying or revealing (information or ideas ): I don't want to say too much | figurative : her rise and fall says a lot about our brutal political system | the film's title says it all . • [ with obj. ] (of a clock or watch ) indicate (a specified time ): the clock says ten past two. • (be said ) be asserted or reported: [ with infinitive ] : they were said to be training freedom fighters | [ with clause ] : it is said that she lived to over a hundred. • [ with obj. ] (say something for ) present a consideration in favour of or excusing (someone or something ): all I can say for him is that he's a better writer than some. • [ with obj. ] utter the whole of (a speech or other set of words, typically one learned in advance ): the padre finished saying the Nunc Dimittis. 2 [ with clause ] assume something in order to work out what its consequences would be; make a hypothesis: let's say we pay in five thousand pounds in the first year. • used parenthetically to indicate that something is being suggested as possible or likely but not certain: the form might include, say, a dozen questions. ▶exclamation N. Amer. informal used to express surprise or to draw attention to a remark or question: say, did you notice any blood? ▶noun [ in sing. ] an opportunity for stating one's opinion or feelings: she let him have his say . • an opportunity to influence developments and policy: the assessor will have a say in how the money is spent | [ mass noun ] : the households concerned would still have some say in what happened. PHRASES go without saying be obvious: it goes without saying that lay appointees must be selected with care. [translating French ( cela ) va sans dire . ] have something to say for oneself contribute a specified amount to a conversation or discussion: a dull girl with little to say for herself. how say you? Law how do you find? (addressed to the jury when requesting its verdict ). I (or he, she, etc. ) cannot (or could not ) say I (or he, she, etc. ) do not know. I'll say informal used to express emphatic agreement: ‘That was a good landing. ’ ‘I'll say! ’. I must (or have to ) say I cannot refrain from saying (used to emphasize an opinion ): you have a nerve, I must say! I say! Brit. dated used to express surprise or to draw attention to a remark: I say, that's a bit much! I wouldn't say no informal used to indicate that one would like something. not to say used to introduce a stronger alternative or addition to something already said: it is easy to become sensitive, not to say paranoid. say no more informal used to indicate that one understands what someone is trying to imply. says I (or he, she etc. ) informal, chiefly Brit. used after direct speech in reporting someone's part in a conversation. says you! informal used in spoken English to express disagreement or disbelief: ‘He's guilty. ’ ‘Says you. I think he's innocent. ’. say when informal said when helping someone to food or drink to instruct them to indicate when they have enough. say the word give permission or instructions to do something. that is to say see that. there is no saying it is impossible to know. they say it is rumoured. to say nothing of another way of saying not to mention (see mention ). what do (or would ) you say used to make a suggestion or offer: what do you say to a glass of wine? when all is said and done when everything is taken into account (used to indicate that one is making a generalized judgement ). you can say that again! informal used to express emphatic agreement. you don't say (or you don't say so )! informal used to express amazement or disbelief. you (or you've ) said it! informal used to express agreement with what someone has said. ORIGIN Old English secgan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch zeggen and German sagen . DERIVATIVES sayable adjective, sayer noun [ usu. in combination ] : nay-sayers

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

say

say verb 1 she felt her stomach flutter as he said her name: speak, utter, voice, pronounce, give voice to, vocalize. 2 “I must go, ” she said: declare, state, announce, remark, observe, mention, comment, note, add; reply, respond, answer, rejoin; informal come out with. 3 Newall says he's innocent: claim, maintain, assert, hold, insist, contend; allege, profess; formal opine, aver. 4 I can't conjure up the words to say how I feel: express, put into words, phrase, articulate, communicate, make known, put /get across, convey, verbalize; reveal, divulge, impart, disclose; imply, suggest. 5 they sang hymns and said a prayer: recite, repeat, utter, deliver, perform, declaim, orate. 6 the clock said one twenty: indicate, show, read. 7 I'd say it's about five miles: estimate, judge, guess, hazard a guess, predict, speculate, surmise, conjecture, venture; informal reckon. 8 let's say you'd just won a million dollars: suppose, assume, imagine, presume, hypothesize, postulate, posit. ▶noun 1 everyone is entitled to their say: chance to speak, turn to speak, opinion, view, voice; informal two cents, two cents' worth. 2 don't I have any say in the matter? influence, sway, weight, voice, input, share, part. PHRASES that is to say they're inquiring about Miss Leslie —that is to say, they want to know if she's safe and well: in other words, to put it another way; i.e., that is, to wit, viz., namely. to say the least his performance was disappointing to say the least: to put it mildly, putting it mildly, without any exaggeration, at the very least. WORD NOTE say, said While most writing can be improved by choosing strong and precise nouns, adjectives, and verbs, this isn't always so. When reading a novel's dialogue, we should be paying attention to what the characters say, and learn about their feelings through their words. But too many young authors overstress the verbal markers of back-and-forth speech. So we read Frank replied or Frank riposted or even Losing his temper, Frank violently expostulated. Much of the time a careful writer can set up the rhythm of a conversation so that it's always clear who's speaking and with what degree of passion. If more precise identification is needed, a simple Frank said will usually suffice, the weak and common verb scarcely intruding on the give-and-take on the page. — MD Conversational, opinionated, and idiomatic, these Word Notes are an opportunity to see a working writer's perspective on a particular word or usage.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

say

say verb 1 she felt her stomach flutter as he said her name: speak, utter, voice, pronounce, give utterance to, give voice to, vocalize. 2 ‘I must go, ’ she said: declare, state, announce; remark, observe, mention, comment, note, add; reply, respond, answer, rejoin; whisper, mutter, mumble, mouth; informal come out with. 3 Newall says he's innocent: claim, maintain, assert, hold, insist, contend, aver, affirm, avow; allege, profess; formal opine; rare asseverate. 4 I can't conjure up the words to say how I feel | what are you trying to say, Inspector? express, put into words, phrase, articulate, communicate, make known, get across, put across, convey, verbalize, render, tell; reveal, divulge, impart, disclose; imply, suggest, signify, denote, mean. 5 they sang hymns and said a prayer: recite, repeat, utter, deliver, perform, declaim, orate. 6 the lighted dial of her watch said one twenty: indicate, show, read. 7 I'd say about 90 per cent of my stories are off the top of my head: estimate, judge, guess, hazard a guess, dare say, predict, speculate, surmise, conjecture, venture; imagine, think, believe; informal reckon. 8 let's say you'd just won a million pounds: suppose, assume, imagine, presume, take as a hypothesis, hypothesize, postulate, posit. 9 she determined to find something to say in his favour: adduce, propose, advance, bring forward, offer, plead. PHRASES be said it is said that she lived to be over a hundred | his widow was said to be inconsolable: be reported, be thought, be believed, be alleged, be rumoured, be reputed, be put about; be described, be asserted; apparently, seemingly, it seems that, it appears that, (so ) they say, (so ) the story goes, by all accounts, rumour has it, the rumour is. that is to say people emigrated for economic reasons —that is to say, because they were poor: in other words, to put it another way, to rephrase it; i.e., that is, to wit, viz., namely, sc.; Latin id est, scilicet, videlicet. to say the least his performance was disappointing to say the least: to put it mildly, putting it mildly, without any exaggeration, at the very least, as an understatement. ▶noun 1 Miss Honey was determined to have her say: right /chance /turn to speak, right /chance /turn to express one's opinion, vote, opinion, view, voice; informal one's twopence worth, one's twopenn'orth. 2 don't I have any say in the matter? influence, sway, weight, authority, voice, input, share, part; informal clout.

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

say

say /seɪ /(名 )saying 動詞 ～s /sez /; said /sed /; ～ing コーパス頻度ランク sayを含む会話表現 ①I would say …(↓成句 )②I'm not saying …(↓他動詞 1b 第2例 )③as you say (↓成句 )④What do you say (…)?(↓成句 , コーパスの窓 )⑤All I can say is …(↓成句 )❢say は 「言う, 話す 」が基本の意の 動詞 で, 直接 間接話法のほかに, 会話でも頻繁に用いられる (↓他動詞 1c ).類義 say は人の発言などをそのまま伝えることに重点があるが, tell は伝える内容にも増して伝える相手を常に意識する語 .他動詞 1 a. ｟書 ｠〖直接話法 〗 «人に /…について » …と言う , 話す , 口に出す «to /of » ; 〈手紙 声明などが 〉…と伝える (!｟コーパス ｠to [of ]句を伴うのは ｟比較的まれ ｠) ▸ Peter said (to me ) [told me, ╳told ], “I met your father here last night. ”≒Peter said (to me ) [told me, ╳told ] (that ) he had met my father there the night before .「ゆうべここで君のお父さんに会った 」とピーターは (私に )言った (!｟コーパス ｠聞き手を明示するときはtellが好まれる ) ▸ Jeanie said , “I don't want to meet him. ”≒Jeanie said (that ) she didn't want to [refused to ] meet him .ジーニーは 「彼には会いたくない 」と言った (!Jeanie didn't say (that ) she wanted to meet him. は 「…会いたいとは言わなかった 」の意; →think 他動詞 1 a 語法 ) ▸ Tom says , “I'm thirsty. ”≒Tom says (that ) he is thirsty .「喉が渇いた 」とトムが言っている (!現在形の伝達動詞はほんの少し前の発言を生き生きと伝える ) ▸ “She's going to be a lawyer, ” he said of Ally. ≒He said of Ally that she was going to be a lawyer .「彼女は弁護士になるつもりだ 」と彼はアリーのことを話した .語法 直接話法 ①直接話法は人の発言を正確に引用して伝える方法. 伝達の様態を示す 伝達部 (以下の文のMark said )と実際の発言内容を示す 引用部 (“…”)からなる. 伝達部に現れる 動詞 は一般に 他動詞 に分類され引用部は目的語として扱われることが多いが, 動詞の他動詞的な性質は弱く, 引用部を主語にした受け身にできない ▸ Mark said , “Lizzy and I got married in June. ”マークは 「リジーと私は6月に結婚した 」と言った (╳“Lizzy and I got married in June ” was said by Mark ).②｟コーパス ｠伝達部の位置 ｟話 ｠では伝達部は上例のように 文頭 に置かれるのが普通だが, ｟書 ｠では文頭と同様に “Lizzy and I got married in June, ” Mark said [said Mark ]. のように 文末 で用いられることも多い. また, ｟比較的まれ ｠に, “Lizzy and I, ” Mark said [said Mark ], “got married in June. ” のように文中に置かれることがあるが, 「『リジーと僕はね 』マークは言った 『6月に結婚したんだ 』」のように, 後に続く部分を読者に期待させる場合によく見られる. さらに, 同様の働きは, 伝達部を文尾に置いて段を改めず, すぐ後に同一人物の発言を続けて実現されることの方が普通 ▸ “Look, John, ” Mark said . “Lizzy and I got married in June. ”「おい, ジョン 」マークは言った 「リジーと僕は6月に結婚したんだ 」.なお, say以外の 動詞 の場合 (↓(4 )), sayと意味がかけ離れてくるに従って伝達部の文中における位置の制約は厳しくなる .③｟コーパス ｠伝達部の語順 ｟話 ｠では 「主語 ＋動詞 」(Mark saidなど )が普通だが, ｟書 ｠では語順を転倒させることがある. 文頭 では 「主語 ＋動詞 」が普通だが, 新聞 雑誌などでは 「動詞 ＋主語 」とコロンを使った形式が用いられることもある (Said Mark: “…” など ). 文尾 文中 では, 「主語 ＋動詞 」のほか 「動詞 ＋主語 」(said Markなど )も多く用いられるが, 通例主語が人称代名詞でなく, かつ 動詞 が単純現在 [過去 ]形の場合に限られる (╳… said he. /╳… has said Mark ).語順を転倒させる理由は, 主語の部分に注目させたいなど文体上の効果をあげるためのほか, 書き手の個性やリズムによることもある. なお, 語順の転倒はto Aを伴う場合は ｟比較的まれ ｠であるし, tellでは一般的でない .④｟コーパス ｠伝達部に現れる主な 動詞 ｟話 ｠では伝達部に現れる 動詞 はsay, ask, tellなどが中心となるが, ｟書 ｠ではいわゆる発話動詞以外の 動詞 も多く用いられる. また, 特に若者の ｟話 ｠では伝達部としてbe like (→like 2 前置詞 4b ), be (all )(→be 自動詞 1c , all 副詞 5 )などが用いられることがある. 本辞典では直接話法の伝達動詞として用いられる場合は各語義項目に 〖直接話法 〗という用法指示がある .⑤｟コーパス ｠忠実な再現の工夫 直接話法では引用部をできるだけ忠実に再現することが試みられる. ｟話 ｠では元の発言者の声色や音調などさまざまな特徴をまねて再現されることも多い ▸ John said , “I'm tired. ”ジョンは 「疲れたよ 」と言った (!引用部は通例疲労を表す声で ) .｟書 ｠では 副詞 や書記上のいろいろな工夫が凝らされる ▸ John said loudly , “ONE two THREE four .”ジョンは 「イチ, 2, サン, 4 」と大声で言った (!引用部中の大文字は大声を表す ) .⑥話し言葉における直接話法 会話の最中に引用を開始する印としてoh, well, look, okayなどの感嘆詞がしばしば用いられる. また, 引用部が連続して現れることを示すため伝達部が繰り返されることがある (→go 1 他動詞 2 b )▸ She said , “Oh, I'm very well, as you see, …”彼女は 「ああ, 私はすごく元気ですよ, ご覧のとおり …」と言ってたよ .b. 〖say (to [of ] A ) (that )節 〗(A 〈人 〉に /A 〈人 物 事 〉について )…と言う (!｟コーパス ｠to A, of Aを伴うのは ｟比較的まれ ｠; ↑a 第4例 ) ; 〖say (that )節 /wh節 〗〈手紙 声明などが 〉…と [かを ]伝える , 述べる (!｟コーパス ｠いずれも ｟話 ｠ではthatはしばしば省略; →that 接続詞 1 ) ; 〖say (to A ) wh節 〗(A 〈人 〉に )…かを言う (!｟コーパス ｠wh句を従えるのは一般的ではない ) ; 〖挿入節 〗…と言う (→believe コーパスの窓 )▸ She said (to me )(that ) she couldn't come .彼女は来られないと (私には )言った (≒She told me (that ) she couldn't come .)▸ Well, I'm not saying it's impossible .｟話 ｠いや, 不可能だと言っているのではありません (!否定文の進行形は断定を避けて控えめな表現となる; 肯定の進行形は聞き手に訴えたい点を印象付ける:I'm saying that it's a great idea. すごいアイディアだと言っているのです ) ▸ I got a letter saying I had been appointed .私が任命されたことを伝える手紙を受け取った ▸ “What do you say this is? ” “(It's ) a food processor. ”「これは何と言いますか 」「フードプロセッサーです 」 (!(1 )名称を聞く場合, ほぼ同じ内容はWhat do you call [╳say ] this? でも表せる. (2 )外国語の対応語句を聞く場合はhow … sayを用いる:How do you say “arigato ” in English? 英語で 「ありがとう 」は何と言いますか; ↓d 第6例 ) .語法 間接話法 ①間接話法と直接話法 間接話法は人の発言の内容を伝達者の言葉で, 時として伝達者の判断, コメントを交えて伝える. 直接話法が元の発言者の生の声を伝え, 臨場感があるのに対して, 間接話法は客観的で臨場感が希薄になり, 直接話法より ｟かたく ｠響く. 間接話法から元の直接話法に書き換えることは事実上不可能に近いが, 直接話法から間接話法への書き換えは, 状況に応じてadvise, ask, order, recommend, refuse, suggest, tell , warnなどさまざまな 動詞 を用いて行われる. なお, 起こった出来事を順を追って説明する場合など, 文脈から明らかな場合は伝達動詞を含む伝達部 (第1例ではShe said (to me ) (that )の部分 )はないこともある .②間接話法と時制の一致 間接話法では伝達部 (主節 )の 動詞 が過去形の場合のthat節中の 動詞 は, 伝達内容部の 動詞 が現在 (進行 )形なら過去 (進行 )形に, 過去形 現在完了形 過去完了形なら過去完了形に通例時制を一致させる. 直接話法における人称 時 場所などの指示表現は, 元の発言者の立場から選ばれているので, そのつど伝達者の立場のものに変更する必要がある (↓(3 ))▸ “I'm leaving tomorrow. ”「明日発ちます 」 (!現在進行形 ) ⇒Billy said that he was leaving tomorrow [the next day ]. ビリーは明日 [翌日 ]発 （た ） つと言った (!過去進行形; 発話時にtomorrowがまだ来ていない場合はtomorrowをそのまま使うが, すでに過ぎた場合はthe next dayを用いる ) .なお, 主節動詞が現在完了形の場合はthat節中の 動詞 は現在形と過去形のいずれも可能 ▸ Peter has said that it is [was ] his favorite .ピーターはそれがお気に入りだと言っていた (!isは現在に, wasではある過去の時点に注目している ) ③間接話法における 副詞 と指示詞 以下の組み合わせは前者が直接話法で, 後者が間接話法で用いられることを示す ▸ now ⇒then ▸ at that time [immediately, an hour ago ]⇒an hour before [an hour earlier, at three o'clockなど ]▸ today ⇒yesterday [that day, on Sundayなど ]▸ yesterday ⇒the day before [the previous day, on Saturdayなど ]▸ tomorrow ⇒the next day [the following day, on Tuesdayなど ]▸ this week ⇒last [that ] week ▸ last year ⇒the year before [the previous year, in 2005など ]▸ next month ⇒the month after [the following month, in Aprilなど ]▸ this ⇒that [it, the …].④時制の一致を必ずしも受けない場合 a. that節の内容が現在でもあてはまり, それを強調する場合 ▸ Tom said he' s thirsty, so we're going to have a drink .トムがのどが渇いたと言ったので, 一杯やるつもりだ (!｟コーパス ｠強調しない場合は … he was … が普通 ) b. 普遍の真理を表す場合 ▸ My brother said that six plus nine is fifteen .兄は6たす9は15だと言った 誤って発言した内容に言及する場合は時制の一致をする ▸ You said that six plus nine was sixteen .君は6たす9は16だと言ったじゃないか .c. 発言直後に伝達する場合 ▸ Did I hurt you? I'm sorry. I said I' m sorry .お気を悪くされましたか . すみません . すみませんって言ったじゃないですか .d. 仮定法の場合 ▸ She said, “I wish I had a car. ”⇒She said she wished she had a car .車があったらなあと彼女は言った .c. 〖say A (to B )〗(B 〈人 〉に )A 〈事 言葉など 〉を言う , 話す , 語る (→give 他動詞 1 語法 (5 )(c )); 〖say A about [of ] B 〗B 〈人 物 事 〉についてA 〈事 言葉など 〉を言う (!｟コーパス ｠いずれもAは疑問詞のwhat, 代名詞 のthat, it, thisのほか, anything, something, nothing; a lot, much, more, little; enough; a word, a few wordsなど ) ▸ She didn't say anything about [of ] it to me .彼女はそれについて私には何も言わなかった ▸ “What did Tom say about the song? ” “He said the lyrics are very amusing. ”「トムはその歌について何と言っていましたか 」「彼は歌詞がとても楽しいと言っていました 」▸ I don't know what to say (about that ).(それについては )何と言っていいかわかりません ▸ (Do ) you know [understand ] what I'm saying? (私の言っていることを )おわかりいただけますよね ▸ Well, I think [suppose ] you could say that .｟話 ｠まあそうとも言えるでしょうね ▸ What are you saying? いったいどういうことだい ▸ try to think of something to say 言うべき言葉を探す ▸ What a nice thing to say , thank you .ご親切に, ありがとうございます (!｟コーパス ｠時に ｟皮肉で ｠) ▸ How can you say that? どうしてそんなことが言えますか [わかりますか ]; ｟皮肉で ｠よくそんなことが言えますね ▸ What do you want me to say? 私に何を言わせたいのですか (!｟コーパス ｠聞き手を特に意識する場合を除いてWhat do you want me to tell you? より普通 ) ▸ What are you trying to say ?｟しばしば皮肉で ｠何が言いたいの ▸ I can't understand a word you're saying .君の言っていることが一言も理解できない ▸ Don't you remember what was said to you? 言われたことを覚えていませんか (!be said となることに注意 ) .｟作文のポイント ｠先生から何も言われなかった × I was said nothing by my teacher .○ My teacher didn't say anything to me .❢ この意味では人を主語にしてbe saidとしない .d. 〈決まりきった語句 〉を言う , 発音する (!｟コーパス ｠目的語の語句を一種の記号として扱う; 特に間接目的語を従える場合はtellも用いる; 意味をなさない音を伝える場合は →go 1 他動詞 2 b ) ▸ say no [yes ](申し出 提案などに対して )いや [うん ]と言う, 断る [受け入れる ]; （事を ）否定 [肯定 ]する «to » (!say no to Aの形は可能だが ╳say A noとしない ) ▸ say goodbye (to A )(A 〈人 〉に )さようならを言う, 別れを告げる ▸ say hello (to A )(A 〈人 〉に )あいさつをする ; よろしく伝える ▸ say thank you [sorry ] (for [to ] A )(Aのことで [A 〈人 〉に ])礼を言う [謝る ]▸ I can't tell if you don't say please .お願いしますと言わないなら話しません ▸ How do you say [pronounce ] your name? あなたの名前は何と読みますか (↑b 第4例 )2 〖they say (that )節 〗(多くの人に )…と言われている , …だそうだ , …といううわさだ ; ｟主に書 ｠〖be said to do 〗…すると言われている (!通例肯定文で ) ▸ They say [It is said , ╳It is told ] (that ) Mr. Benton is the richest man in the town. ≒Mr. Benton is said to be [╳is said that he is ] the richest man in the town. ≒(Many ) people say Mr. Benton is the richest man in the town .ベントンさんは町いちばんの金持ちだそうだ (!it is said that … の形は客観的な印象を与えるため, ｟書 ｠や情報源を示す必要がないニュース 報告などで好まれる; ↓語法 (1 ), it 代名詞 4e ) ▸ There are said to be [╳told to be, ╳said to exist ] more than 700 islands in the Seto Inland Sea .瀬戸内海には700以上の島があると言われている ▸ Is he as nice as they say ?彼はうわさどおりのいい人ですか .｟作文のポイント ｠SARSといわれる病気 × disease said to be SARS ○ disease called SARS ｟作文のポイント ｠エジソンは電球を発明したと言われている .× Edison is said that he invented the electric bulb .○ Edison is said to have invented the electric bulb .語法 1 They [People ] say A to doの形では用いないので ╳They [People ] say Mr. Benton to be the richest man in the town. としない .2 is said to doは現在のことを表し, 過去のことには完了形の不定詞を, 未来のことには進行形の不定詞を用いる ▸ Anna is said to have moved [to be moving , ╳to move ] in May .アナは5月に引っ越した [引っ越す ]そうだ (!進行中のことにも進行形は用いる:She is said to be suffering from cancer. 彼女は癌 （がん ）を病んでいるそうだ ) .3 ｟コーパス ｠「…だとよく言われる 」のように頻度に触れる場合は ╳They often say … は避け, People often say [It is often said ] … を用いる .3 〖say wh節 /(that )節 〗…か […ということ ]がわかる , …を言う (!通例否定的文脈で ) ▸ I can't say [It's hard to say ] who the winner would be .だれが勝つかはわからない .4 ｟くだけて ｠〖say to do 〗(人に )…するように言う (!(1 )｟コーパス ｠指示を与える相手が文脈から明らかな場合に用いられるがtell A to doの方が普通; →tell 他動詞 3 a ; say for A to do (A 〈人 〉に …するように言う )の形は比較的 ｟まれ ｠. (2 )進行形にしない. (3 )｟コーパス ｠doに現れる主な 動詞 は:tell , worry, get, do, say, help, call, stay, keep, go, hold, sendなど ) ▸ She said to tell you goodbye .彼女は君にさようならを言うように言った ▸ John said not to worry .ジョンは心配しないようにと言った .5 a. 〖say (that )節 〗〈規則 責任者などが 〉…と言っている [言う ] (!｟コーパス ｠that節中には通例許可 義務の表現を伴う ) ▸ The law doesn't say I have to insure you .法律には私が君に保険をかけなければならないとは書いていない ▸ Dad says we can [Dad said we could ] swim in the river .父さんは川で泳いでよいと言っている [言った ].語法 ｟コーパス ｠ wh句はwhatが ｟比較的まれ ｠に用いられる程度でその他は一般的でない ▸ The law says what to do if things go wrong .その法律は不都合が生じたときにどうすればよいかを述べている .b. 〈表示 掲示 本などが 〉 (単語 数字 絵などで )…と書いてある, 〈時計 文字盤 地図などが 〉…を示す (!｟コーパス ｠しばしば直接話法で ) ; 〖～ (that )節 /wh節 〗…ということ […か ]を示している ; 〖～ to do 〗…するように示している (!いずれも受け身にしない; ｟コーパス ｠いずれもしばしば現在形で ) ▸ The label says , “Imported from Italy. ”ラベルには 「イタリアより輸入 」とある ▸ The clock says 1:30 a.m.時計は午前1時半を示している 6 ｟話 ｠〖命令形で 〗 (!受け身にしない ) a. 〖挿入的に; 時にlet 's ～〗たとえば , 言ってみれば (↓間投詞 ; →for example 読解のポイント )▸ Can you come over here this evening? Say , 6:00?今晩ここに来れますか, たとえば6時とか b. 〖～ (that )節 〗(仮に )…としよう (suppose ) (!時に let's [just ] ～ の形で ) ▸ Let's say your team wins [won ]―what would you do? 仮に君のチームが勝つとしよう, そうしたらどうする (!仮定法過去wonでは 「そんなことはなかろうが 」といった可能性の低い気持ちを表す; いずれの場合もwouldの代わりにdoが用いられることがある ) .7 (!通例現在形で ) a. ｟くだけて ｠〈事が 〉 «…について /…を支持して /人に » …を物語っている , 示している «about /for /to » (!｟コーパス ｠主な目的語はa lot, much, something, everything, (very ) littleなど ) ▸ The title says it all .その表題がすべてを物語っている ▸ This fact says a lot about the present situation .この事実は現状をよく物語っている ▸ it says a lot [much ] for A that [if ] ……ということは [もし …なら ] A 〈人 事 〉は大したものだ .b. 〈物 事が 〉【人にとって 】(理解できる )…の意味をもって [示して ]いる «to » ▸ This picture doesn't say much to me .この絵は私にはよくわからない ▸ His clothes just say “British gentleman. ”彼の服装はいかにも 「イギリス紳士 」という感じだ 8 〈祈り 誓い 別れの言葉など 〉を唱える , 繰り返す ▸ say [╳tell, ╳make ] a prayer for A A 〈人 〉のために祈る .自動詞 1 ｟くだけた話 ｠ «…のことを » 言う ; «…について » 話す «about , of » (!(1 )talkの方が普通. (2 )｟まれ ｠にsay about [of ] itの形で直接話法を導く ) ▸ You were saying about Richard? リチャードのことを言っていたの ▸ “Is Ally coming to the party? ” “She didn't say .”「アリーはパーティに来るのかい 」「聞いてないな 」▸ If that's the case, why didn't you say so earlier? もしそれが事実なら, なぜもっと早くそう言わなかったのか (!soはif節の内容をさす; ↓語法 ; ↓成句 So you say .) ▸ Do as I say .言うようにしなさい .語法 say soとsay not 1 肯定節と否定節 前出の肯定節の内容を漠然と繰り返すとき, say soが用いられることがある (→so 1 副詞 3a ). 比較的 ｟まれ ｠だが否定節を繰り返すときはsay notを用いる. 次のような意味の違いに注意 ▸ “Do I have cancer? ” “I don't know. The doctor didn't say so .”「私は癌 （がん ）ですか 」「さあどうなんでしょう, 先生はそうは言いませんでした 」▸ “No, you don't. The doctor said not .”「いいえ, 違います . 先生はそうではないと言いました 」2 受け身 say soはtellと違って話しかけられる人を主語にした受け身では使えない ▸ I was told [╳said ] so .私はそう言われた .3 語順 内容よりも発言の有無に重点がおかれる場合soが文頭におかれることがある ▸ The dinner begins at 7:00 p.m. Or so they said .夕食は7時に始まる . いや, 彼らはそう言った .2 ｟くだけて 丁寧に ｠わかる , 判断できる (!通例否定的文脈で; ↑他動詞 3 ) ▸ I'm not an expert. I can't [couldn't, wouldn't ] say .専門家ではありませんし, 何とも言えません ▸ (It's ) hard to say , but one thing at least is clear .わかりかねるが, ひとつだけはっきりしていることがある (!it's ) hard to sayは, 実際にはわかっているが相手を思いやって言葉を濁すときにも単独でしばしば用いる ) .間投詞 ｟米 くだけて ｠1 (驚き 喜び 賞賛などを表して )わあ , へえ , ほう ▸ Say , that reminds me! そうだ, それで思い出したよ ▸ Say , you look nice .(衣服をほめて )わあ, 似合っているよ .2 (質問 提案する前に人の注意を引き付けて )ねえ , あの , おい , なあ (!短く発音して皮肉 不同意 注意 慰め 厳しい態度などを表すことがある ) ▸ “Say , why don't you have a drink? ” “Great idea. I think I will. ”「ねえ, 一杯やろうか 」「いいねえ, そうしようか 」▸ Say , be quiet! おい, 静かにしてくれ .À ll [Wh à t ] I can s á y (to you ) is (that ) …(あなたに )ただ言えるのは …ということだ ▸ All [What ] I can say (to you ) is (that ) I want you to be careful .ただ慎重になってほしいのです (!(1 )発言中の内容について言う場合は … I' m saying is … のように進行形で用いる. (2 )｟コーパス ｠All [What ] I can say is の後にはコンマを置いて, 直接話法と同様に独立した節を従えることもある:All [What ] I can say is , be careful please .) .À nything you s á y .＝Whatever you say .à s [｟くだけて ｠l ì ke ] I was s á ying (割り込み 短い話題の転換後に元の話題に戻って )先程話していたように .as one might s á y 言ってみれば ▸ You're trapped, as you might say .君は言ってみればわなにかかったのだ as th è y s á y 〖慣用句 ことわざなどの前後に挿入して 〗いわゆる .à s you s á y 1 (同意を示して )おっしゃるように (!｟話 ｠ではlike you sayともいう ) .2 ｟かたく 丁寧に ｠(依頼に対して )かしこまりました .bec à use I s á y so 私が言うのだから (従え )▸ “Why should Mark get his own room? ” “Because I say so .”「なぜマークが自分の部屋をもらわなきゃいけないんだ 」「私がそう決めたからだ 」.Can't s à y (as ) [say's ] I d ó .=(I ) can't say (that ) I do .Can't s à y for s ú re .=(I ) can't say for sure .Can't s à y that I d ó .=(I ) can't say (that ) I do .Can't s à y that I h á ve .=(I ) can't say that [as ] I have .D ò n't make me s à y it ag á in! ｟話 ｠(言うことを聞かない子供などに対して )いいかげんにしないと怒るよ .D ò n't s á y …｟話 ｠(まさか )…ではないでしょうね ▸ Don't say you don't remember .忘れたなんてことはないでしょうね .Don't s á y it! ｟話 ｠(わかっているから )もういい, 言うな .(Do ) you m è an to s á y …?(不満なので相手の意向を問いただして )…ということですか ▸ Do you mean to say I have to walk home? 歩いて帰らなければならないということですか .g ò without s á ying 〈事が 〉 (言う必要がないほど )明らかである, 容易に想像できる ▸ That [It ] goes without saying .それはもちろんだ ▸ It goes without saying that …≒Needless to say, ……ということは言うまでもない .have (got ) s ò mething [n ò thing ] to s á y for one s è lf 1 (自分の行動の )釈明ができる [できない ] (!｟コーパス ｠somethingはwhat疑問文の対象ともなる ) ▸ What have you got to say for yourself ?(失敗をとがめて )理由は何ですか .2 ｟くだけて ｠おしゃべり [無口 ]である (!｟コーパス ｠somethingの代わりにa lot, plenty, muchなども可能 ) ▸ not have much to say for oneself あまりしゃべらない .have s ò mething to s á y 1 «…について /人に » 話がある «about /to » .2 «…のことで » 怒る «about » .having s á id that それでもやはり, そうかと言って (!前言を弱める内容を続ける前置きとして ) ▸ He is selfish, but having said that , I like him very much .彼はわがままだけど, それでもやはり彼が大好きです .(I ) c à n't say for s ú re .｟話 ｠はっきりしたことはわからない .(I ) c à n't say (that ) I d ó. =｟非標準 ｠(I ) c à n't say as [say's ] I d ó .｟話 丁寧に ｠(記憶 知識 好みを尋ねられて )何とも言えません (!遠回しに否定する ) .(I ) c à n't say that [as ] I h á ve. =(I ) c à n't say's I h á ve .｟話 丁寧に ｠(経験の有無を尋ねられて )何とも言えません (!遠回しに否定する ) .I'd r à ther not s á y .｟話 ｠言いたくありません .If you s á y so .｟話 ｠(割り切れない気持ちもあるが同意して )あなたがそうおっしゃるのなら .I h á ve to [m ú st ] s à y (…)｟話 ｠〖しばしば挿入的に; 文頭 文中 文尾で 〗絶対 (言えるのは …だ ), 本当に (!(1 )話し手の意見を強調する. (2 )I have to sayの方がより客観的な言い方 ) ▸ I have to say , I'm very impressed .それはもうすごく印象深かった .Í 'll s à y!｟話 やや古 ｠そうなのです (!強い肯定 ) .I'm [I am ] gl à d to s á y ｟主に英 ｠…なのはうれしい, …してよかった (!｟コーパス ｠(that )節や名詞句を従える; しばしば挿入的に ) ▸ I am glad to say that he is better .彼が快方に向かっているということでうれしい .I s á y 1 〖しばしば挿入的に 〗私に言わせれば, 私の意見では ; (提案して ) «…しては » どうだろう «that 節 » (!｟コーパス ｠that節中にはしばしばshouldを伴う ) .2 ｟英 話 やや古 ｠a (驚き 怒り 興味 満足を表して )ええ, わあ, へえ . b (聞き手の注意を引いたり新しい話題を導入して )あの, ねえ .I w ì sh I'd s á id that .｟話 ｠(人の賢明な発言をほめて )先に言われてしまった .I would j ù st like to s á y ……ですからね, …だと言っているのです (!穏やかに意見を述べたり事実を認める ) .I w ò uldn't s à y n ó ｟くだけた話 ｠ «…なら » いいですね, 好きです ; (出されたものについて )いただきます «to » .I would s á y …(断言を避けて )…といったところでしょうか ; (私なら )…と言うでしょう ; (あのころは )…と言ったものです ▸ “Do you have any idea how many movies you are in? ” “I would say about 15 or 20.”「あなたご自身が何本くらいの映画に出ていらっしゃるかわかりますか 」「15か20本くらいでしょうか 」.l è t me (just ) [just l è t me ] s á y …… (ということを )言わせてください (!大切なことを言う前置き ) ▸ Let me just [(Just ) let me ] say this (to you ).これだけはちょっと言わせてください like Ì was s á ying ＝as I was say ing .l ì ke you s á y ＝as you say .n ò t to s á y A 1 〖しばしば挿入的に 〗Aとは言わないまでも (!前述の表現が行き過ぎて解釈されないように制限を加える ) .2 あるいはひょっとするとA ▸ It is very difficult, not to say impossible .それはとても難しい, いや不可能といってもいいかもしれない .S à y n ò m ó re! ｟話 ｠(相手の遠回しな発言に対して )わかった, もうそれ以上言うな .S à ys m é! ｟話 ｠(Says who? にけんか腰で答えて )だってそうだろう (↓Says who? ).S à ys wh ó? ｟話 ｠(そんなことを言うなんて )何様のつもりだい, 何だって, まさか (↑Says me! ; ↓Says you! ).S à ys y ó u!｟話 ｠君はそう言うがね (同意できない ); そう言うのは君くらいだ (!時にSays who? (↑)の返答として ) .s á y this [that ] for A ｟話 ｠(悪口を言った後で )A 〈人 〉の名誉のためにこれだけは言う (!(1 )I'll, I'm going to, You canなどの後で, しばしば挿入的に文頭 文尾に置かれて. (2 )長所のあまりない人をほめるときの断りの表現としても用いる ) .s á y to one s è lf 〖しばしば直接話法 挿入節で 〗…と心の中で思う (!｟コーパス ｠いずれも文頭 文尾 文中で; →believe 他動詞 2 c ) ; «…と /…かと » 心の中で思う «that 節 /wh 節 » ▸ I said to myself , “This is awful! ”「これはひどい 」と私は思った .S à y wh á t?｟米俗 ｠(聞き返して 驚いて )何だって, 何て言った ▸ “Lucy's getting married. ” “Say what? ”「ルーシーが結婚するよ 」「何だって 」s á y wh à t you l í ke 1 «…について /人に » 好きなことを言う «about /to » (╳ say about A [to A ] what you likeとしない ).2 ｟主に英 ｠〖文修飾 〗 «…については » 異論があるかもしれませんが «about » (!｟コーパス ｠しばしば後にbut … を伴う ) .S à y wh é n .→when .sh à ll I [we ] s á y 〖挿入的に; 文中 文尾で 〗こんなことを言っては何ですが (!発言内容が相手に気を悪くさせたり驚かせたりしないよう断る ) .s ò to s á y ｟話 ｠言わば, 言ってみると .S ò you s á y .｟話 ｠君はそう言うがね (私は違うと思う )(↑自動詞 1 語法 (3 )).th à t is [th à t's, wh ì ch is ] to s á y 〖挿入的に; 文頭 文中で 〗つまり , すなわち (that is ) (!よりくわしい [わかりやすい ]説明を始める前置きとして; ｟略 ｠i.e.) ▸ He's not here. That is to say , he's gone .彼はここにはいない, つまり, どこかへ行ってしまった .th á t s à id ＝having said that (↑成句 ).Th à t's [Wh ì ch is ] not s á ying much .｟話 ｠(差しつかえはあるものの )特に大したことはない .Th à t's wh à t y ó u [p é ople ] s à y ().｟話 ｠君 [人 ]はそう言うがね (同意できない ).there's s ò mething [a l ò t, m ù ch, a gr è at deal ] to be s á id for A A (する )にはそれなりの理由がある (!(1 )｟コーパス ｠Aは 名詞 動名. (2 )somethingの代わりにnothingやvery little, not much, a fewなどの数量表現 (を伴った名詞句 )がくることもあり, それぞれ 「…がまったくない 」「…がほとんどない 」の意となる ) .th ì s [th à t, wh ì ch ] is n ò t to s á y that …これ [それ ]は …というわけではない .W è ll s á id! ｟話 ｠(強く賛同して )よく言った, そのとおり .Wh à t can I s á y?(返答に困って )何と言ったらいいでしょうか .Wh à t did I s á y!(それ見たことか, )僕の言った通りになっただろ!Wh à t do you h à ve [have you g ò t ] to s á y for yourself? ｟話 ｠(相手の犯した過ちについて説明を求めて )何か言い訳があるかい .Wh à t do you s á y (…)?1 ｟話 ｠どう思いますか ; (返答 決心を求めて )どうしますか ▸ So, what do you say? Can you do this for me? で, どうかな . これをお願いできるかな .2 ｟話 ｠(提案して ) «…(するの )は » どうですか «to » ▸ What do you say to a walk in the park? 公園を歩きませんか (↓コーパスの窓 )3 ｟米 ｠〖we doを従えて 〗…したらどうですか ▸ What do you say we take a break? 休憩しようか (!｟コーパス ｠(1 )聞き手と自分を特に意識してweはyou and Iとなることがある. (2 )時に疑問符 (?)の代わりに終止符 (.)や感嘆符 (！)が用いられる ) .4 ↑他動詞 1 b 第4例 .5 ｟話 ｠(子供にthank youやpleaseを付け加えるように促して )何て言うの .6 ｟くだけた話 ｠元気ですか (How are you? ).コーパスの窓 What do you say to …?1 toは 名詞 動名 を従える .2 早口になるとwhat do youは /hwʌ́dəjə /と発音されwhaddyaとつづられることがある .3 doの代わりにwouldが用いられることがある ▸ “What would you say to going out for a meal? ” “Sure. ”「食事に出ようか 」「いいとも 」(╳… to go out … としない ).What é ver you s à y .｟話 ｠(立場が上の人からの依頼に対して )わかりました .Wh à t I can s á y (to you ) is (that ) …＝All [What ] I can say (to you ) is (that ) ….Wh à t s á y?｟話 ｠(聞き返して )何て (言ったの ).what [whatever ] A s à ys (, ) g ó es ｟くだけて しばしばおどけて ｠A 〈人 〉が言うことが何でもとおる, Aの思い通りである .What s á y you? ｟話 ｠＝What do you say ?(1 ) (!sayとyouの語順転倒は古い英語の名残り ) .Wh à t would you s á y if …?(意見 判断を求めて )…してもいいですか ; …したらどうしますか (!いずれも仮定法の節を従える ) .wh ò can s á y (…)?｟話 ｠〖反語的に 〗 «…か /…と » だれが言えますか (だれもわかりはしないのに ) «wh 節 /(that )節 » .who s á ys (…)?｟話 ｠〖反語的に 〗 «…と » だれが言ってますか (そんなことはないのに ), まさか «(that )節 » .Wh ò shall I s à y is c á lling?｟話 ｠(訪問者 電話の相手に )どちら様でしょうか .wh ò 's to s á y (…)?｟話 ｠〖反語的に 〗(…と )だれが言えますか (だれもわからないのに ).You can s à y th á t ag à in! ｟くだけた話 ｠(同意して )まったくそのとおり, 言えてる .(you can [could ]) s á y wh à t you l í ke ＝say what you like .Y ò u could s á y まあ «…といった » ところだ «(that )節 » ; 〖挿入節で 〗まあそんなところだ .You d ò n't s á y!｟話 ｠1 (実際は驚いていないが驚いたふうに )へえ, そりゃすごい (!驚き 興味を装う丁寧な表現だが時に皮肉を伴う; You don't say so! の形は ｟まれ ｠) .2 (周知の事実を発言した相手に対して )そのようですね .You m è an to s á y …?=(Do ) you mean to say …?You s á id it! ｟話 ｠1 ｟米 ｠(提案 意見に同意して )それはいいね ; そのとおりだ .2 (言いにくいことを相手が的確に言ったので同意して )まあそういうことだ ▸ “This is all Susan's fault. ” “You said it ; I'm not gonna say it. ”「これは全部スーザンが悪いんだ 」「まあそういうことです, わたしはどうこう言うつもりはありませんが 」 (!｟コーパス ｠この例のように, You said it , I didn't [not me ]!といった責任回避の文句がしばしば添えられる ) .名詞 1 〖a ～〗 «…に関する » (決定前の )発言権 , 決定権 ; 発言 (すること ) «in , about , on » ▸ have a say in casting 配役に関する発言 [決定 ]権がある ; 配役に関して発言する .2 U ｟くだけて ｠〖one's ～〗 «…についての » 言いたい [言うべき ]こと , 言い分 «about , on » ▸ have one's say (はっきり )意見を言う .