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English-Thai Dictionary

have

VT คลอด  ให้กำเนิด  krod

 

have

VT จัด  เตรียมการ  jad

 

have

VT มี  ประกอบด้วย  เป็นเจ้าของ  me

 

have

VT มี แขก  ให้การ ต้อนรับ แขก  me-keak

 

have

VT รับประทาน  กิน  ทาน  rab-pra-tan

 

have

VT เป็นโรค  ป่วย เป็นโรค  pen-rok

 

have

VT ได้รับ  ได้  get obtain receive dai-rub

 

have (high) hopes of

IDM คาดหวัง สูง  kad-wang-sung

 

have a / this thing about

IDM รู้สึก (บางอย่าง  อย่างมาก ในแง่ ดี หรือไม่ ดี  ru-suek-yang-mak-nai-ngae-de-rue-mai-de

 

have a ball

IDM มี ช่วงเวลา ที่ น่า สนุกสนาน  me-chuang-we-la-ti-na-sa-nuk-sa-nan

 

have a bash at

IDM พยายาม ทำ บางสิ่ง  pa-ya-yam-tam-bang-sing

 

have a bash at

PHRV พยายาม ทำ บางสิ่ง (เช่น  การแข่งขัน  การ ทำ สิ่ง ที่ ยาก  pa-ya-yam-tam-bang-sing

 

have a bee in one's bonnet

IDM มี ความคิด  นึกในใจ  me-kwam-kid

 

have a big mouth

IDM เป็น คน ช่าง นินทา (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  เป็น คน ชอบ เปิดเผยความลับ  pen-kon-chang-nin-ta

 

have a blow-out

IDM จัดงาน สังสรรค์  จัด ปาร์ตี้  jad-ngan-sang-san

 

have a blow-out

IDM มี ยาง รถ แตก หรือ ระเบิด  me-yang-rod-taek-rue-ra-boed

 

have a bone to pick with someone

IDM มีเรื่อง โต้แย้ง กับ บางคน  มีเรื่อง โกรธเคือง และ ต้อง พูดคุย เกี่ยวกับ เรื่อง นั้น กับ บางคน  me-rueang-to-yaeng-kab-bang-kon

 

have a chip on one's shoulder

IDM รู้สึก ขุ่นเคือง  ไม่พอใจ  เคือง  ru-suek-kun-kuang

 

have a clean conscience (about)

IDM หลุดพ้น จาก ความผิด (เกี่ยวกับ บางคน หรือ บางสิ่ง  have a clear conscience(about have a clear conscience(about lud-pon-jak-kwam-phid

 

have a clear conscience (about)

IDM หลุดพ้น จาก ความผิด (เกี่ยวกับ บางคน หรือ บางสิ่ง  have a clean conscience(about have a clean conscience(about lud-pon-jak-kwam-phid

 

have a crack at

IDM พยายาม ทำ บางสิ่ง  pa-ya-yam-tam-bang-sing

 

have a distaste for

IDM ไม่ยอมรับ  ไม่ ชอบ  mai-yom-rab

 

have a familiar ring

IDM ฟัง ดู คุ้นๆ  fang-du-kun-kun

 

have a fit

IDM โกรธ มาก (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  โม โหมาก  koed-mak

 

have a flair for

IDM มีพรสวรรค์  มี ความสามารถ ที่ ให้ โดยธรรมชาติ หรือ ตั้งแต่ เกิด  me-pon-sa-wan

 

have a foot in both camps

IDM ให้การ สนับสนุน หรือ ช่วยเหลือ ทั้งสองฝ่าย  hai-kan-sa-nab-sa-nun-rue-chuai-luea-tang-song-fai

 

have a gift for

IDM มีพรสวรรค์  มี ความสามารถ ที่ ให้ โดยธรรมชาติ หรือ ตั้งแต่ เกิด  me-pon-sa-wan

 

have a go (at)

IDM พยายาม ทำ  ลอง ทำ  pa-ya-yam

 

have a good command of

IDM เชี่ยวชาญ ใน บางสิ่ง  มีความรู้ ความชำนาญ เกี่ยวกับ บางสิ่ง เป็น อย่างดี  chiao-chan-nai-bang-sing

 

have a good head on one's shoulders

IDM มี สามัญสำนึก  มี การตัดสินใจ ดี (มาจาก ประสบการณ์ มากกว่า การเรียน  me-sa-man-sam-nuek

 

have a good thing going

IDM มี สิ่ง ที่ ได้เปรียบ  มี สิ่ง ที่ เป็นประโยชน์  me-sing-ti-dai-priab

 

have a good time

IDM รู้สึก สนุกสนาน  รู้สึก ร่าเริง ยินดี  ru-suek-sa-nuk-sa-nan

 

have a grasp of

IDM เข้าใจ บางสิ่ง  kao-jai-bang-sing

 

have a grude against

IDM ไม่ ชอบ  bear against mai-chob

 

have a grudge against

IDM ไม่ ชอบ  bear against mai-chob

 

have a hand in

IDM ช่วย วางแผน หรือ ทำ บางสิ่ง  chuai-wang-paen-rue-tam-bang-sing

 

have a heart of gold

IDM มี ความเห็นอกเห็นใจ  มี ความ เมตตากรุณา  me-kwam-hen-ok-hen-jai

 

have a heart-to-heart (talk)

IDM พูดคุย เปิดเผย และ เป็นกันเอง  phutkhui poed-poei-lae-pen-kan-eng

 

have a liking / taste for

IDM ชอบ (ไม่เคย เปลี่ยน  chob

 

have a lot going for one

IDM มี หลาย สิ่ง เป็นประโยชน์ ต่อ บางคน (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  me-lai-sing-pen-pra-yod-to-bang-kon

 

have a lot of promise

IDM มี อนาคต ต่อไป  me-ar-na-khod-tor-pai

 

have a lot on one's mind

IDM มี หลายอย่าง ที่ ต้อง ห่วง กังวล  me-lai-yang-ti-tong-huang-kang-won

 

have a low boiling-point

IDM โกรธ ง่าย (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  koed-ngi

 

have a near miss

IDM เกือบ ชน หรือ กระแทก  kueab-chon-rue-kra-taek

 

have a pick-me-up

IDM ชื่นชอบ บางสิ่ง  ปรารถนา บางสิ่ง  chuen-chob-bang-sing

 

have a price on one's head

IDM มีค่า หัว หรือ รางวัล นำจับ  me-ka-hua-rue-rang-wan-nam-jab

 

have a right to do

IDM มีสิทธิ์ ใน การกระทำ บางสิ่ง  มีอิสระ ใน การ ทำ บางสิ่ง  me-sid-nai-kan-kra-tam-bang-sing

 

have a rough time (of it)

IDM พบ กับ ช่วงเวลา ลำบาก หรือ ยุ่งยาก (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  phob-kab-chuang-we-la-lam-bak-rue-yung-yak

 

have a say (in)

IDM มีส่วน ใน การตัดสินใจ  me-suan-nai-kan-tad-sin-jai

 

have a screw loose

IDM ทำ บ้าๆ  ติ๊งต๊อง  ทำ โง่ๆ  tam-ba-ba

 

have a short fuse

SL โกรธ ง่าย  เคือง ง่าย  koed-ngi

 

have a smoke

IDM สูบบุหรี่  ซิการ์ หรือ ไป ป์ (ใช้  need หรือ  want แทน  have ได้  sub-bu-ri-si-ka-rue-pai

 

have a snowball's chance in hell

IDM ไม่ มีโอกาส เลย  mai-me-o-kad-loei

 

have a soft spot for

IDM ชอบ บางคน หรือ บางสิ่ง มาก  chob-bang-kon-rue-bang-sing-mak

 

have a soft spot for

IDM ชอบ มาก  รัก มาก  chob-mak

 

have a stroke

IDM เป็น อัมพาต หรือ หมดสติ ทันที (ใช้ กล่าวเกินจริง  pen-am-ma-phad-rue-mod-sa-ti-tan-ti

 

have a sweet tooth

IDM อยาก รับประทาน ขนมหวาน  yak-rab-pra-tan-ka-nom-wan

 

have a thin time (of it)

IDM เหนื่อยยาก  nuai-mak

 

have a turtle's head

SL ปวด อึ อย่างมาก  Tortoise head Turtles head puad-ue-yang-mak

 

have a voice (in)

IDM มีส่วน ตัดสินใจ (ใน บาง เรื่อง  have a say in something have a say in something me-suan-nai-kan-tad-sin-jai

 

have a weak spot for

IDM ชอบ มาก  รัก มาก  chob-mak

 

have a weakness for

IDM ชอบ มาก  chob-mak

 

have a whale of a time

IDM มี ช่วงเวลา แห่ง ความตื่นเต้น ยินดี  มี ช่วงเวลา ที่ ยิ่งใหญ่  me-chuang-we-la-haeng-kwam-tuen-ten-yin-de

 

have a whale of a time

SL มี ช่วงเวลา ยิ่งใหญ่  มี ช่วง น่าตื่นเต้น  me-chuang-we-la-ying-yai

 

have a word with

IDM คุย กับ บางคน เป็น ส่วนตัว  kui-kab-bang-kon-pen-suan-tua

 

have about

PHRV พก ไว้ กับ  have around have on pok-wai-kab

 

have about

PHRV พก ไว้ กับ  have on pok-wai-kab

 

have about

PHRV มี (ความคิด  ความรู้สึก  เกี่ยวกับ  me-kiao-kab

 

have about

PHRV มี (ความคิด  ความรู้สึก  เกี่ยวกับ  have on me-kiao-kab

 

have about

PHRV มี อยู่  ติด ไว้  ประดับ ไว้  have around keep about me-yu

 

have about

PHRV อยู่ เป็นเพื่อน  มี ไว้ เป็นเพื่อน  have around keep about yu-pen-puean

 

have against

PHRV มีอคติ ต่อ  ไม่ ชอบ  me-ar-ka-ti

 

have against

PHRV เสียเปรียบ  sia-priab

 

have an accident

IDM ประสบ กับ สิ่ง ที่ ไม่ คาด คิดมาก่อน  pra-sob-kab-sing-ti-mai-kad-kid-ma-kon

 

have an affair with

IDM มี ความสัมพันธ์ ทางเพศ กับ เพศตรงข้าม  me-kwam-sam-pan-tang-phed-kab-ped-trong-kam

 

have an appeal for

IDM ดึงดูดใจ  ทำให้ สนใจ  มี มนตร์ เสน่ห์ สำหรับ  dueng-dud-jai

 

have an argument (with)

IDM โต้เถียง กับ บางคน  get into an argument(with someone get into an argument(with someone to-tiang-kab-bang-kon

 

have an attraction for

IDM ดึงดูดใจ  ทำให้ สนใจ  มี มนตร์ เสน่ห์ สำหรับ  dueng-dud-jai

 

have an ear / eye / nose for

IDM หลักแหลม  เก่ง  เชี่ยวชาญ  lak-laem

 

have an eye for

IDM เฝ้าดู บางคน หรือ บางสิ่ง  fao-du-bang-kon-rue-bang-sing

 

have an fascination for

IDM ดึงดูดใจ  ทำให้ สนใจ  มี มนตร์ เสน่ห์ สำหรับ  dueng-dud-jai

 

have an inkling / inclination about

IDM คาดเดา  เสนอแนะ  kad-dao

 

have an inkling about

IDM คาดเดา  เสนอแนะ  have for have on kad-dao

 

have an itching palm

IDM ต้องการ เงิน ทิป  ต้องการ ค่าบริการ พิเศษ  have an itchy palm have an itchy palm tong-kan-ngen-thib

 

have an itchy palm

IDM ต้องการ เงิน ทิป  ต้องการ ค่าบริการ พิเศษ  have an itching palm have an itching palm tong-kan-ngen-thib

 

have an out

IDM มีทาง หนี ที ไล่ หรือ มี ทางเลี่ยง  me-tang-ne-ti-lai-rue-me-tang-liang

 

have and inclination about

IDM คาดเดา  เสนอแนะ  have in kad-dao

 

have another guess coming

IDM เข้าใจผิด  ทำ ผิดพลาด  kao-jai-pid

 

have another think coming

IDM ต้อง คิด ใหม่ (ใช้ เมื่อ คิด หรือ ทำ บาง เรื่อง ผิดพลาด  tong-kid-mai

 

have ants in one's pants

IDM กระสับกระส่าย  อยู่ไม่สุข  kra-sab-kra-sai

 

have around

PHRV มี คน ไปเป็นเพื่อน  have about me-kon-pai-pen-puean

 

have around

PHRV มี อยู่ กับ ตัว (เช่น เงิน  เครื่องประดับ  มี ติดตัว  have about have round me-yu-kab-tua

 

have at

PHRV เข้า จู่โจม (คำ โบรา ณ  โจมตี  kao-ju-jom

 

have back

PHRV ยอม กลับมา คืนดี กับ  หวนกลับ ไปหา (สามี หรือ ภรรยา  send back take back yom-klab-ma-kuen-de-kab

 

have back

PHRV เชิญ ให้ กลับมา  ask back choen-hai-klab-ma

 

have back

PHRV ได้ กลับคืน  ได้คืน มา  get back give back hand back dai-kab-kuan

 

have bats in one's belfry

IDM บ้าๆ  เพี้ยน  ไม่ ค่อย เต็ม  ba-ba

 

have been around

IDM มีประสบการณ์ (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  me-par-sob-kan

 

have been had

IDM โดน หลอก  ถูก โกง  don-lok

 

have been throug the mill

IDM ทุกข์ทรมาน  ตกระกำลำบาก  ทุกข์ยาก  tuk-tor-ra-man

 

have by

PHRV มีลูก กับ  มี บุตร กับ  me-luk-kab

 

have charge of

IDM รับผิดชอบ  ดูแล  จัดการ  rub-pid-chob

 

have clean hands

IDM ล้างมือ แล้ว  เลิก ทำชั่ว แล้ว  lang-mue-leao

 

have come a long way

IDM ก้าวหน้า ไปมา ก  kao-na-pai-mak

 

have control over

IDM ควบคุม  บังคับ  have of take of kub-kum

 

have designs on

IDM วางแผน เพื่อ บางคน หรือ บางสิ่ง  wang-paen-puea-bang-kon-rue-bang-sing

 

have down

PHRV เชิญ ให้ มา พัก  have up choen-hai-ma-pak

 

have egg on one's face

IDM อับอายขายหน้า  ab-ai-kai-na

 

have egg on one's face

SL อับอายขายหน้า  ab-ai-kai-na

 

have eyes in the back of one's head

IDM มีตา หลัง (รู้เห็น ทุกสิ่ง ที่ เกิดขึ้น  สิ่ง ที่ ไม่น่า จะ รู้  หรือ สิ่ง ที่ เป็นไปไม่ได้  มีตา ทิพย์  me-ta-lang

 

have feet of clay

IDM มีข้อบกพร่อง  me-kor-bok-prong

 

have for

PHRV กิน (บางอย่าง  เป็น อาหาร  kon-pen-ar-han

 

have for

PHRV แสดง ความรู้สึก กับ  have about have on sa-daeng-kwam-ru-suek-kab

 

have got to do something

IDM ต้อง ทำ  ต้อง  tong-tam

 

have green fingers

IDM มี ความสามารถ ใน การ ปลูก ต้นไม้  มือขึ้น (ใน การ ปลูก ต้นไม้  me-kwam-sa-mad-nai-kan-pluk-ton-mai

 

have growing pains

IDM มีปัญหา ใน การ ขยายกิจการ  การเจริญเติบโต  หรือ ความก้าวหน้า  me-pan-ha-nai-kan-ka-yai-kid-ja-kan-kan-ja-roen-toeb-to-rue-kwam-kao-na

 

have had enough

IDM เลิก ทน (เพราะ ได้รับ บางสิ่ง มาก ไป แล้ว  เลิก ต่อสู้  lok-ton

 

have had it (up to here)

IDM มาถึง จุด ที่ หมด ความอดทน  ma-tueng-jud-ti-mod-kwam-od-ton

 

have had its day

IDM ไม่ มีประโยชน์ อีกต่อไป  ไม่ ประสบความสำเร็จ อีกต่อไป  mai-me-pra-yod-eak-tor-pai

 

have half a mind to do

IDM เกือบ ตัดสินใจ ทำ บางสิ่ง  kueab-tad-sin-jai-tam-bang-sing

 

have hell to pay

IDM ประสบปัญหา มาก  มี ความยุ่งยาก มาก  have the devil to pay have the devil to pay pra-sob-pan-ha-mak

 

have in

PHRV มี เก็บ ไว้ เพียงพอ  มี เพียงพอ  get in keep in me-keb-wai-piang-por

 

have it

PHRV หมดสภาพ  สิ้นสุด  mod-sa-pab

 

have it away

PHRV แอบ เป็นชู้ กับ  แอบ มี ความสัมพันธ์ ทางเพศ กัน อย่าง ลับๆ  have off aeb-pen-chu-kab

 

have it away on his toes

SL หลบฉาก ออก ไป อย่างเร็ว  lob-chak-ook-pai-yang-reo

 

have it both ways

IDM มี สอง อย่าง พร้อมกัน  มี ทั้งสอง สิ่ง  me-song-yang-prom-kan

 

have it in for

IDM ไม่ ชอบ  ไม่พอใจ  ขุ่นแค้น  แค้นเคือง  mai-chob

 

have misgivings / inclination about

IDM สงสัย  ยัง ไม่แน่ใจ  ยัง ไม่ยอมรับ  song-sai

 

have misgivings about

IDM สงสัย  ไม่แน่ใจ  ยัง ไม่ยอมรับ  กังขา  song-sai

 

have money to burn

IDM มีเงิน มาก จน ล้น (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  me-mak-jon-lon

 

have no business doing something

IDM ไม่ ฉลาด ใน การ ทำ บางสิ่ง  ผิดพลาด ใน การ ทำ บางสิ่ง  mai-cha-lad-nai-kan-tam-bang-sing

 

have no fears / terrors for

IDM ง่าย สำหรับ  ไม่มีปัญหา ต่อ (บางคน  have of hold for ngai-sam-rab

 

have no hesitation about

IDM กระตือรือร้น ที่จะ ยอมรับ บางสิ่ง ทันที  have in kra-tue-rue-ron-ti-ja-yom-rab-bang-sing-tan-ti

 

have no hesitation about

IDM ยอมรับ ทันที  have on yom-rab-tan-ti

 

have no staying-power

IDM ขาด ความอดทน  ไม่ สามารถ ทน ได้ ต่อไป  kad-kwam-od-ton

 

have no time for

IDM ไม่ ชอบ  mai-chob

 

have no time for

IDM ไม่ มีประโยชน์ สำหรับ  mai-me-pra-yod-sam-rab

 

have no use for

IDM ไม่ ชอบ  mai-chob

 

have no use for

IDM ไม่ มีประโยชน์ สำหรับ  mai-me-pra-yod-sam-rab

 

have none of

IDM ไม่ยอม ทน ต่อ บางสิ่ง  mai-yom-ton-tor-bang-sing

 

have nothing on

IDM หลีกเลี่ยง บางสิ่ง หรือ บางคน  ไม่สน ใจ  ไม่ อยาก เจอ  lik-liang-bang-sing-rue-bang-kon

 

have off

PHRV เอา ออก โดยบังเอิญ  take off aol-ook-doi-bang-oen

 

have on

PHRV มี ไว้ กับ ตัว  have about me-wai-kab-tua

 

have on

PHRV สวมใส่  สวม  ใส่  put on suam-sai

 

have one's cake and eat it too

IDM มี หรือ ทำ สอง สิ่ง พร้อมกัน  eat one's cake and eat it too eat one's cake and eat it too me-rue-tam-song-sing-prom-kan

 

have one's ear to the ground

IDM ฟัง อย่างตั้งใจ  keep one's ear to the ground keep one's ear to the ground fang-yang-tang-jai

 

have one's eye on

IDM เฝ้าดู  fao-du

 

have one's finger in the pie

IDM เข้ามา มีส่วนร่วม  เข้ามา มีส่วน เกี่ยวข้อง  kao-ma-me-suan-ruam

 

have one's foot in the door

IDM เริ่ม ก้าว แรก ของ การเข้าสู่ วงการ  get one's foot in the door get one's foot in the door roem-kao-raek-kong-kan-kao-su-wong-kan

 

have one's hand in the till

IDM กำลัง ยักยอก เงิน จาก องค์กร หรือ บริษัท  kam-lang-yak-yok-ngen-jak-ong-kon-rue-bo-ri-sad

 

have one's hands full (with)

IDM ยุ่ง วุ่นวาย อยู่ กับ  ใช้เวลา ทั้งหมด ไป กับ บางสิ่ง  yung-wun-wai-yu-kab

 

have one's hands tied

IDM กัน ให้ พ้น จาก บางสิ่ง  โดน ขัดขวาง  one's hand are tied one's hand are tied kan-hai-pon-jak-bang-sing

 

have one's head in the clouds

IDM ไม่ ตระหนักถึง สิ่ง ที่ กำลัง เกิดขึ้น  ไม่สน ใจ สิ่งรอบข้าง  mai-tra-nak-tueng-sing-ti-kam-lang-koed-kuen

 

have one's head screwed on (properly / the right way)

IDM มีเหตุผล  me-hed-pon

 

have one's heart in one's boots

IDM ซึมเศร้า มาก  สิ้นหวัง  หมดหวัง  suam-sao-mak

 

have one's heart in the right place

IDM มี ความตั้งใจ ดี  แม้ ผล ที่ ได้ จะ ไม่ดี  me-kwam-tang-jai-de-mae-pon-ti-dai-ja-mai-de

 

have one's heart is in the right place

IDM มี ความตั้งใจ  แม้ ผล ที่ ออกมา ไม่ดี  me-kwam-tang-jai-de-mae-pon-ti-dai-ja-mai-de

 

have one's heart on one's sleeve

IDM เผย ความรู้สึก  poi-kwam-ru-suek

 

have one's heart set on

IDM ปรารถนา  อยาก มาก  prad-ta-na

 

have one's heart set on something

IDM มี ความปรารถนา หรือ คาดหวัง บางสิ่ง  one's heart is set on something one's heart is set on something me-kwam-prad-ta-na-rue-kad-wang-bang-sing

 

have one's nose in the air

IDM อวด หยิ่ง  หยิ่งยโส  หัวสูง  ไม่ ค่อย เป็นมิตรกับ คนอื่น  ทำตัว เหินห่าง จาก คนอื่น  keep one's nose in the air one's nose is in the air keep one's nose in the air one's nose is in the air aud-ying

 

have one's nose in the book

IDM กำลัง อ่านหนังสือ  อ่านหนังสือ ตลอดเวลา  kam-lang-an-nang-sue

 

have one's own back

IDM แก้แค้น  ลงโทษ กลับ  get even kea-kean

 

have one's tail between one's legs

IDM กลัว  ยอม เชื่อฟัง โดยดี  kua

 

have one's tail between one's legs

IDM กลัว จน หาง จุก ตูด  one's tail is between one's legs one's tail is between one's legs kua-hang-jud-tud

 

have one's tail down down

IDM เสียกำลังใจ (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  ท้อถอย  have up sia-kam-lang-jai

 

have one's way

IDM ทำตาม ปรารถนา  ได้ ตาม ต้องการ  tam-tam-prad-ta-na

 

have one's wits about one

IDM ฉลาด  เก่ง  cha-lad

 

have one's wits about onw

IDM ฉลาด  เก่ง  cha-lad

 

have one's work cut out (for one)

IDM มี งาน ที่มาก และ ยาก เตรียม ไว้ ให้ บางคน  me-ngan-ti-mak-lae-yak-triam-wai-hai-bang-kon

 

have other fish to fry

IDM มี สิ่ง สำคัญ ที่ ต้อง ทำ (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ  me-sing-sam-kan-ti-tong-tam

 

have out

PHRV ถอน ออก (เช่น  ฟัน  ทำให้ ออก ไป จาก ร่างกาย  take out tad-ook

 

have over

PHRV เชิญ มา บ้าน  invite over choen-ma-ban

 

have pat

PHRV จำได้ หมด  jam-dai-mod

 

have pull with

IDM มีอิทธิพล ต่อ บางคน  me-id-ti-pon-to-bang-kon

 

have reason (to do)

IDM มีเหตุผล ที่จะ ทำ บางอย่าง  me-hed-pon-ti-ja-tam-bang-yang

 

have reservations about

IDM สงสัย  ไม่แน่ใจ  ยัง ไม่ยอมรับ  กังขา  song-sai

 

have round

PHRV เชิญ มา บ้าน  have around invite over choen-ma-ban

 

have seen better days

IDM เก่า  ทรุดโทรม  ชำรุด  kao

 

have so

IDM ทำ แล้ว  have too have too tam-leao

 

have some of that!

SL คำอุทาน แสดง ความพอใจ สุดยอด  kam-u-tan-sa-daeng-kwam-por-jai-sud-yod

 

have someone in one's pocket

IDM ควบคุม บางคน ได้  kuab-kum-bang-kon-dai

 

have someone on a string

IDM มี บางคน กำลัง คอย การตัดสินใจ  me-bang-kon-kam-lang-koi-kan-tad-sin-jai

 

have something at heart

IDM สนใจ อย่างจริงจัง  son-jai-yang-jing-jang

 

have something at one's fingertips at

IDM สามารถ ทำ บางสิ่ง ได้ ง่าย  sa-mad-tam-bang-sing-dai-ngai

 

have something going for oneself

IDM ประสบความสำเร็จ กับ (สิ่ง ที่ ทำ  pra-sob-kwam-sam-red-kab

 

have something in common (with)

IDM มี บางสิ่ง เหมือนกัน  me-bang-sing-muean-kan

 

have something in hand

IDM เตรียม ทำ บางสิ่ง  triam-tam-bang-sing

 

have something in mind

IDM คิดถึง บางสิ่ง  นึกถึง บางสิ่ง  kid-tuang-bang-sing

 

have something in stock

IDM มี สินค้า พร้อม ขาย  me-sin-ka-prom-kai

 

have something in store (for)

IDM วางแผน บางสิ่ง ไว้ สำหรับ อนาคต (สำหรับ บางคน  wang-paen-bang-sing-wai-sam-rab-ar-na-kod

 

have something left

IDM มี บางสิ่ง เหลืออยู่  me-bang-sing-luea-yu

 

have something lined up in one's sights

IDM มอง เห็นชัด จาก การเล็ง ปืน  mong-hen-chad-jak-kan-leng-puen

 

have something made

IDM ทำสำเร็จ  tam-sam-red

 

have something on file

IDM มี บันทึก เก็บ ไว้  me-ban-tuk-kab-wai

 

have something to spare

IDM มี บางสิ่ง สำรอง ไว้  me-bang-sing-sam-rong-wai

 

have something up one's sleeve

IDM มีแผน ลับ  มี หน ทางแก้ไข  me-pan-lab

 

have sticky fingers

IDM น่าจะ ขโมย  ดูเหมือน จะ ขโมย  na-ja-ka-moi

 

have the Midas touch

IDM มี ความสามารถ ที่ ทำสำเร็จ (โดยเฉพาะ ใน การ หา เงินได้ คล่อง  me-kwam-sa-mad-ti-tam-sam-red

 

have the best of

IDM เอาชนะ  มีชัย ต่อ  aol-cha-na

 

have the boot on the other foot

IDM สถานการณ์ เปลี่ยนไป  The boot is on the other foot The boot is on the other foot sa-ta-na-kan-pian-pai

 

have the courage of one's convictions

IDM มี ความกล้า หรือ ความมุ่งมั่น ที่จะ ทำให้ สม ความตั้งใจ  me-kwam-kla-rue-kwam-mung-man-ti-ja-tam-hai-som-kam-tang-jai

 

have the devil to pay

IDM ประสบปัญหา มาก  pra-sob-pan-ha-mak

 

have the feel of

IDM ชำนาญ หรือ คุ้นเคย กับ บางสิ่ง  get the feel of something get the feel of something cham-nan-rue-kun-koei-kab-bang-sing

 

have the feel of

IDM ให้ความรู้ สึก เหมือน เป็น บางสิ่ง  hai-kwam-ru-suek-muean-pen-bang-sing

 

have the gift of gab

IDM สามารถ ใช้ ภาษา ได้ดี มาก  sa-mad-chai-pa-sa-dai-de-mak

 

have the right to do

IDM มี สิทธิ ที่จะ ทำ บางสิ่ง  me-sid-ti-ti-ja-tam-bang-sing

 

have the time of one's life

IDM มี ช่วงเวลา ที่ สนุกสนาน  มี ช่วงเวลา ที่ ดีมาก  มี ช่วง น่าตื่นเต้น ใน ชีวิต  me-chuang-we-la-ti-sa-nuk-sa-nan

 

have them rolling in the aisles

IDM ทำให้ ขบขัน  ทำให้ ฮา กัน ครืน  tam-hai-kob-kan

 

have time off

IDM มี เวลาว่าง  me-we-la-wang

 

have to

AUX จำเป็น  จำเป็นต้อง  must need to ought to jam-pen

 

have to do

IDM จำเป็นต้อง กระทำ บางสิ่ง  jam-pen-tong-kra-tam-bang-sing

 

have to live with

IDM จำเป็นต้อง ทน ต่อ บางอย่าง  jam-pen-tong-ton-tor-bang-yang

 

have too

IDM ทำ แล้ว  tam-leao

 

have too many irons in the fire

IDM มี หลาย สิ่ง ต้อง ทำ ใน คราว เดียวกัน  me-lai-sing-tong-tam-nai-krao-diao-kan

 

have two strikes against oneself

IDM อยู่ ใน อันตราย  yu-nai-an-ta-rai

 

have up

PHRV เชิญ ให้ ขึ้นมา ข้างบน หรือ สถานที่ ที่ สำคัญ  have down choen-hai-kuen-ma-kang-bon-rue-sa-tan-ti-ti-sam-kan

 

have upon

PHRV มี ไว้ กับ ตัว  have about me-wai-kab-tua

 

have what it takes

IDM สามารถ ทำ  sa-mad-tam

 

have what it takes

SL มี สิ่ง (จำเป็น  ใน การ ทำ บางสิ่ง  me-sing-nai-kan-tam-bang-sing

 

havelock

N หมวกแก๊ปช นิดหนึ่ง 

 

haven

N ที่หลบภัย  ที่พักอาศัย  sanctuary shelter ti-rob-pai

 

haven

N ท่าเรือ  ที่ จอด เรือ  ta-ruae

 

haven

VT จัด ที่หลบภัย  จัด ที่พักอาศัย  jad-ti-lob-pai

 

haven't

AUX คำย่อ ของ  have not kam-yor-kong

 

haver

N พูดเรื่อยเปื่อย ทำให้ เสียเวลา  พูด ไร้สาระ ทำให้ เสียเวลา พูดเรื่อยเปื่อย ทำให้ เสียเวลา  phud-rueai-pueai-tam-hai-sia-we-la

 

haversack

N กระเป๋า ผ้าใบ ที่ สะพาย บน ไหล่ เดียว  ของ ทหาร หรือ นัก ปีน เขา  kra-pao-pa-bai-ti-sa-pai-bon-lai-diao-kong-ta-han-rue-nak-pin-kao

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

HAVE

v.t.hav. pret. and pp. had. Present, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they, have. [L. habeo.] 1. To possess; to hold in possession or power.
How many loaves have ye? Matthew 15:34.
He that gathered much had nothing over. Exodus 16:18.
I have a Levite to my priest. Judges 17:13.
To have and to hold, terms in a deed of conveyance.
2. To possess, as something that is connected with, or belongs to one.
Have ye a father? Have ye another brother? Genesis 43:7, and Genesis 44:19.
--Sheep that have no shepherd. 1 Kings 22:17.
3. To marry; to take for a wife or husband.
In the resurrection, whose wife shall she be of the seven? for they all had her. Matthew 22:28.
4. To hold; to regard. Thus, to have in honor, is to hold in esteem; to esteem; to honor.
To have in derision or contempt, to hold in derision or contempt; to deride; to despise.
5. To maintain; to hold in opinion.
Sometimes they will have them to be the natural heat; sometimes they will have them to be the qualities of the tangible parts.
6. To be urged by necessity or obligation; to be under necessity, or impelled by duty.
I have to visit twenty patients every day.
We have to strive against temptations.
We have to encounter strong prejudices.
The nation has to pay the interest of an immense debt.
7. To seize and hold; to catch. The hound has him. [The original, but now a vulgar use of the word. ]
8. To contain. The work has many beauties and many faults.
9. To gain; to procure; to receive; to obtain; to purchase. I had this cloth very cheap.
He has a guinea a month.
He has high wages for his services.
Had rather, denotes wish or preference.
I had rather be a door-keeper in the house of my God, than dwell in the tents of wickedness. Psalm 84:1 .
Is not this phrase a corruption of would rather?
To have after, to pursue. [Not much used, nor elegant. ]
To have away, to remove; to take away.
To have at, to encounter; to assail; as, to have at him; to have at you. [Legitimate, but vulgar. ]
To enter into competition with; to make trial with.
Dryden uses in a like sense, have with you; but these uses are inelegant.
To have in, to contain.
To have on, to wear; to carry; as raiment or weapons.
He saw a man who had not on a wedding garment. Matthew 22:11.
To have out, to cause to depart. 2 Samuel 13:9.
To have a care, to take care; to be on the guard, or to guard.
To have pleasure, to enjoy.
To have pain, to suffer.
To have sorrow, to be grieved or afflicted.
With would and should.
He would have, he desires to have, or he requires.
He should have, he ought to have.
But the various uses of have in such phrases, and its uses as an auxiliary verb, are fully explained in grammars. As an auxiliary, it assists in forming the perfect tense, as I have formed, thou hast formed, he hath or has formed, we have formed, and the prior-past tense, as I had seen, thou hadst seen, he had seen.

 

HAVELESS

a.hav'les. Having little or nothing. [Not in use. ]

 

HAVEN

n.ha'vn. 1. A harbor; a port; a bay, recess or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river which affords good anchorage and a safe station for ships; any place in which ships can be sheltered by the land from the force of tempests and a violent sea.
2. A shelter; an asylum; a place of safety.

 

HAVENER

n.The overseer of a port; a harbor-master. [Not used. ]

 

HAVER

n.One who has or possesses; a possessor; a holder. [Little used. ]

 

HAVER

n.[L. avena. ] Oats; a word of local use in the north of England; as haverbread, oaten bread.

 

HAVERSACK

n.A soldier's knapsack.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

HAVE

Have, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Had; p. pr. & vb. n. Having. Indic. present, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they have. ] Etym: [OE. haven, habben, AS. habben (imperf. hæfde, p. p. gehæfd ); akin to OS. hebbian, D. hebben, OFries, hebba, OHG. hab, G. haben, Icel. hafa, Sw. hafva, Dan. have, Goth. haban, and prob. to L. habere, whence F.avoir. Cf. Able, Avoirdupois, Binnacle, Habit. ]

 

1. To hold in possession or control; to own; as, he has a farm.

 

2. To possess, as something which appertains to, is connected with, or affects, one. The earth hath bubbles, as the water has. Shak. He had a fever late. Keats.

 

3. To accept possession of; to take or accept. Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou have me Shak.

 

4. To get possession of; to obtain; to get. Shak.

 

5. To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact; to desire; to require. It had the church accurately described to me. Sir W. Scott. Wouldst thou have me turn traitor also Ld. Lytton.

 

6. To bear, as young; as, she has just had a child.

 

7. To hold, regard, or esteem. Of them shall I be had in honor. 2 Sam. vi. 22.

 

8. To cause or force to go; to take. "The stars have us to bed. " Herbert. "Have out all men from me. " 2 Sam. xiii. 9.

 

9. To take or hold (one's self ); to proceed promptly; -- used reflexively, often with ellipsis of the pronoun; as, to have after one; to have at one or at a thing, i. e., to aim at one or at a thing; to attack; to have with a companion. Shak.

 

1 . To be under necessity or obligation; to be compelled; followed by an infinitive. Science has, and will long have, to be a divider and a separatist. M. Arnold. The laws of philology have to be established by external comparison and induction. Earle.

 

11. To understand. You have me, have you not Shak.

 

12. To put in an awkward position; to have the advantage of; as, that is where he had him. [Slang ]

 

Note: Have, as an auxiliary verb, is used with the past participle to form preterit tenses; as, I have loved; I shall have eaten. Originally it was used only with the participle of transitive verbs, and denoted the possession of the object in the state indicated by the participle; as, I have conquered him, I have or hold him in a conquered state; but it has long since lost this independent significance, and is used with the participles both of transitive and intransitive verbs as a device for expressing past time. Had is used, especially in poetry, for would have or should have. Myself for such a face had boldly died. Tennyson. To have a care, to take care; to be on one's guard. -- To have (a man ) out, to engage (one ) in a duel. -- To have done (with ). See under Do, v. i. -- To have it out, to speak freely; to bring an affair to a conclusion. -- To have on, to wear. -- To have to do with. See under Do, v. t.

 

Syn. -- To possess; to own. See Possess.

 

HAVELESS

HAVELESS Have "less, a.

 

Defn: Having little or nothing. [Obs. ] Gower.

 

HAVELOCK

Hav "e *lock, n. Etym: [From Havelock, an English general distinguished in India in the rebellion of 1857.]

 

Defn: A light cloth covering for the head and neck, used by soldiers as a protection from sunstroke.

 

HAVEN

Ha "ven, n. Etym: [AS. hæfene; akin to D. & LG. haven, G. hafen, MNG.habe, Dan. havn, Icel. höfn, Sw. hamn; akin to E. have, and hence orig. , a holder; or to heave (see Heave ); or akin to AS. hæf sea, Icel. & Sw. haf, Dan. hav, which is perh. akin to E. heave. ]

 

1. A bay, recess, or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which affords anchorage and shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port. What shipping and what lading's in our haven. Shak. Their haven under the hill. Tennyson.

 

2. A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum. Shak. The haven, or the rock of love. Waller.

 

HAVEN

HAVEN Ha "ven, v. t.

 

Defn: To shelter, as in a haven. Keats.

 

HAVENAGE

HAVENAGE Ha "ven *age, n.

 

Defn: Harbor dues; port dues.

 

HAVENED

HAVENED Ha "vened, p. a.

 

Defn: Sheltered in a haven. Blissful havened both from joy and pain. Keats.

 

HAVENER

HAVENER Ha "ven *er, n.

 

Defn: A harbor master. [Obs. ]

 

HAVER

HAVER Ha "ver, n.

 

Defn: A possessor; a holder. Shak.

 

HAVER

Hav "er, n. Etym: [D. haver; akin to G. haber. ]

 

Defn: The oat; oats. [Prov. Eng. & Scot. ] Haver bread, oaten bread. -- Haver cake, oaten cake. Piers Plowman. -- Haver grass, the wild oat. -- Haver meal, oatmeal.

 

HAVER

Ha "ver, v. i. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain. ]

 

Defn: To maunder; to talk foolishly; to chatter. [Scot. ] Sir W. Scott.

 

HAVERSACK

Hav "er *sack, n. Etym: [F. havresac, G. habersack, sack for oats. See 2d Haver, and Sack a bag. ]

 

1. A bag for oats or oatmeal. [Prov. Eng. ]

 

2. A bag or case, usually of stout cloth, in which a soldier carries his rations when on a march; -- distinguished from knapsack.

 

3. A gunner's case or bag used carry cartridges from the ammunition chest to the piece in loading.

 

HAVERSIAN

HAVERSIAN Ha *ver "sian, a.

 

Defn: Pertaining to, or discovered by, Clopton Havers, an English physician of the seventeenth century. Haversian canals (Anat. ), the small canals through which the blood vessels ramify in bone.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

have

have |hav hæv həv (ə )v | verb ( has |haz, (h )əz |, having, had |had, (h )əd | ) [ with obj. ] 1 (also have got ) possess, own, or hold: he had a new car and a boat | have you got a job yet? | I don't have that much money on me | he's got the equipment with him. possess or be provided with (a quality, characteristic, or feature ): the ham had a sweet, smoky flavor | she's got blue eyes | the house has gas heat. (have oneself ) informal provide or indulge oneself with (something ): he had himself two highballs. be made up of; comprise: in 1989 the party had 10,000 members. used to indicate a particular relationship: he's got three children | do you have a client named Pedersen? be able to make use of (something available or at one's disposal ): how much time have I got for the presentation? have gained (a qualification ): he's got a BA in English. possess as an intellectual attainment; know (a language or subject ): he knew Latin and Greek; I had only a little French. 2 experience; undergo: I went to a few parties and had a good time | I was having difficulty in keeping awake. (also have got ) suffer from (an illness, ailment, or disability ): I've got a headache. (also have got ) let (a feeling or thought ) come into one's mind; hold in the mind: he had the strong impression that someone was watching him | we've got a few ideas we're kicking around | I've no doubt he's as busy as I am. [ with past participle ] experience or suffer the specified action happening or being done to (something ): she had her bag stolen. cause (someone or something ) to be in a particular state or condition: I want to have everything ready in good time | I had the TV on with the sound turned down. (also have got ) informal have put (someone ) at a disadvantage in an argument (said either to acknowledge that one has no answer to a point or to show that one knows one's opponent has no answer ): you've got me there; I've never given the matter much thought. [ with past participle ] cause (something ) to be done for one by someone else: it is advisable to have your carpet laid by a professional. tell or arrange for something to be done: she had her long hair cut | always having the builders in to do something. (usu. be had ) informal cheat or deceive (someone ): I realized I'd been had. vulgar slang engage in sexual intercourse with (someone ). 3 (have to do something or have got to do something ) be obliged or find it necessary to do the specified thing: you don't have to accept this situation | we've got to plan for the future. need or be obliged to do (something ): he's got a lot to do. be strongly recommended to do something: if you think that place is great, you have to try our summer house. be certain or inevitable to happen or be the case: there has to be a catch. 4 perform the action indicated by the noun specified (used esp. in spoken English as an alternative to a more specific verb ): he had a look around | the color green has a restful effect. organize and bring about: are you going to have a party? eat or drink: I'll have the vegetable plate. give birth to or be due to give birth to: she's going to have a baby. 5 (also have got ) show (a personal attribute or quality ) by one's actions or attitude: he had little patience with technological gadgetry | if you've got the drive to finish your degree. [ often in imperative ] exercise or show (mercy, pity, etc. ) toward another person: God have mercy on me! [ with negative ] not accept; refuse to tolerate: I can't have you insulting Tom like that. 6 (also have got ) place or keep (something ) in a particular position: Mary had her back to me | I soon had the trout in a net. hold or grasp (someone or something ) in a particular way: he had me by the throat. 7 be the recipient of (something sent, given, or done ): she had a letter from Mark. take or invite into one's home so as to provide care or entertainment, esp. for a limited period: we're having the children for the weekend. auxiliary verb used with a past participle to form the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses, and the conditional mood: I have finished | he had asked her | she will have left by now | I could have helped, had I known | Have you seen him? ” “Yes, I have. noun |hæv | (the haves ) informal people with plenty of money and possessions: an increasing gap between the haves and have-nots. PHRASES have a care (or an eye, etc. ) see care, eye, etc. have got it bad informal be very powerfully affected emotionally, esp. by love. be in a situation where one is treated badly or exploited: if you think you've got it bad now, how would you like to be paid to collect pebbles? have had it informal 1 be in a very poor condition; be beyond repair or past its best: the car had had it. be extremely tired: tomorrow she would drive on through Germany, but for today, she'd had it. have lost all chance of survival: looks like your plant ’s had it. 2 be unable to tolerate someone or something any longer: I've had it with him he's humiliated me once too often! have it 1 [ with clause ] express the view that (used to indicate that the speaker is reporting something that they do not necessarily believe to be fact ): rumor had it that although he lived in a derelict house, he was really very wealthy. 2 win a decision, esp. after a vote: the ayes have it. 3 have found the answer to something: “I have it!Rosa exclaimed. have it away (or off ) Brit. vulgar slang have sexual intercourse. have it both ways see both. have it coming deserve punishment or downfall. have ( got ) it in for informal feel a particular dislike of (someone ) and behave in a hostile manner toward them. have ( got ) it in one ( to do something ) informal have the capacity or potential (to do something ): everyone thinks he has it in him to produce a literary classic. have it out informal attempt to resolve a contentious matter by confronting someone and engaging in a frank discussion or argument: give her the chance of a night's rest before you have it out with her. have a nice day used to express good wishes when parting. have ( got ) nothing on informal 1 be not nearly as good as (someone or something ), esp. in a particular respect: bright though his three sons were, they had nothing on Sally. 2 (have nothing (or something ) on ) know nothing (or something ) discreditable or incriminating about (someone ): I am not worried they've got nothing on me. have nothing to do with see do 1. have one too many see many. have ( got ) something to oneself be able to use, occupy, or enjoy something without having to share it with anyone else. have —— to do with see do 1. PHRASAL VERBS have at attempt or attack forcefully or aggressively. have someone on Brit. informal try to make someone believe something that is untrue, esp. as a joke: that's just too neat you're having me on. have ( got ) something on 1 be wearing something: she had a blue dress on. 2 Brit. be committed to an arrangement: I've got a lot on at the moment. have something out undergo an operation to extract the part of the body specified: she had her wisdom teeth out. ORIGIN Old English habban, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hebben and German haben, also probably to heave . usage: 1 Have and have got: there is a great deal of debate on the difference between these two forms. A traditional view is that have got is chiefly British, but not correct in formal writing, while have is chiefly American. Actual usage is more complicated: have got is in fact also widely used in US English. In both US and British usage, have is more formal than have got, and it is more appropriate in writing to use constructions such as don't have (or do not have ) rather than haven't got. See also usage at gotten. 2 A common mistake is to write the word of instead of have or 've: I could of told you that instead of I could've told you that. The reason for the mistake is that the pronunciation of have in unstressed contexts is the same as that of of, and the two words are confused when it comes to writing them down. The error was recorded as early as 1837 and, although common, is unacceptable in standard English. 3 Another controversial issue is the insertion of have where it is superfluous, as, for example, I might have missed it if you hadn't have pointed it out (rather than the standard if you hadn't pointed it out ). This construction has been around since at least the 15th century, but only where a hypothetical situation is presented (e.g., statements starting with if ). More recently, there has been speculation among grammarians and linguists that this insertion of have may represent a kind of subjunctive and is actually making a useful distinction in the language. However, it is still regarded as an error in standard English.

 

have-a-go

have-a-go adjective Brit. informal denoting a person who bravely intervenes in an attempt to thwart a criminal: the have-a-go hero ran across the road and confronted the thief.

 

Havel, Václav

Ha vel, Václav |ˈhävəl ˈhɑvəl | (1936 –), Czech playwright and statesman; president of Czechoslovakia 1989 –92 and of the Czech Republic 1993 –2003. His plays, such as The Garden Party (1963 ), were critical of totalitarianism, and he was twice imprisoned as a dissident.

 

haveli

ha ve li |ˌhəvəˈlē ˈhəvəli | noun ( pl. havelis ) Indian a mansion. ORIGIN via Hindi from Arabic havelī.

 

havelock

have lock |ˈhavˌläk ˈhævlɑk | noun a cloth covering for a military cap that extends downward to protect the neck from sun and weather. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: named after Sir Henry Havelock (1795 –1857 ), an English general who served in India.

 

haven

ha ven |ˈhāvən ˈheɪvən | noun a place of safety or refuge: a haven for wildlife. an inlet providing shelter for ships or boats; a harbor or small port. ORIGIN late Old English hæfen, from Old Norse hǫfn; related to Dutch haven, German Hafen harbor.

 

have-nots

have-nots |ˈhæv ˌnɑts | plural noun (usu. the have-nots ) informal economically disadvantaged people: lack of access to information will perpetuate the division between the haves and have-nots .

 

haven't

have n't |ˈhavənt ˈhævənt | contraction have not.

 

haver

ha ver |ˈhāvər ˈheɪvər | verb [ no obj. ] Scottish talk foolishly; babble: Tom havered on. Brit. act in a vacillating or indecisive manner: (as noun havering ) : most people giggle at their havering and indecision. noun (also havers ) Scottish foolish talk; nonsense. ORIGIN early 18th cent.: of unknown origin.

 

Haverhill

Ha ver hill |ˈhāv (ə )rəl ˈheɪvərəl | an industrial city in northeastern Massachusetts, on the Merrimack River; pop. 61,275 (est. 2008 ).

 

haversack

hav er sack |ˈhavərˌsak ˈhævərˌsæk | noun a small, sturdy bag carried on the back or over the shoulder, used esp. by soldiers and hikers. ORIGIN mid 18th cent.: from French havresac, from obsolete German Habersack, denoting a bag used by soldiers to carry oats as horse feed, from dialect Haber oats + Sack sack, bag.

 

Haversian canal

Ha ver sian ca nal |həˈvərZHən həˈvərʒən | noun Anatomy any of the minute tubes that form a network in bone and contain blood vessels. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: named after Clopton Havers (1650 –1702 ), English anatomist.

 

haversine

haversine |ˈhavəsʌɪn |(also haversin ) noun Mathematics half of a versed sine. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: contraction of half versed sine .

 

Oxford Dictionary

have

have |hav | verb ( has |haz, has |, having, had |had | ) [ with obj. ] 1 (also have got ) possess, own, or hold: he had a new car and a boat | have you got a job yet? | I don't have that much money on me. possess (a quality, characteristic, or feature ): the ham had a sweet, smoky flavour | she's got blue eyes | the house has gas-fired central heating. (have oneself ) informal, chiefly N. Amer. provide or indulge oneself with (something ): he had himself two highballs. be made up of; comprise: in 1989 the party had 10,000 members. used to indicate a particular relationship: he's got three children | do you have a client named Peters? be able to make use of (something available or at one's disposal ): how much time have I got for the presentation? possess as an intellectual attainment; know (a language or subject ): he knew Latin and Greek; I had only a little French. 2 experience; undergo: I went to a few parties and had a good time | I was having difficulty in keeping awake. (also have got ) suffer from (an illness, ailment, or disability ): I've got a headache. (also have got ) let (a feeling or thought ) come into one's mind; hold in the mind: he had the strong impression that someone was watching him. [ with past participle ] experience or suffer the specified action happening or being done to (something ): she had her bag stolen. [ with obj. and complement ] cause to be in a particular state or condition: I want to have everything ready in good time | I had the TV on with the sound turned down. [ with past participle ] cause (something ) to be done for one by someone else: it is advisable to have your carpet laid by a professional. tell or arrange for (someone ) to do something for one: [ with obj. and infinitive ] : he had his bodyguards throw Chris out | she's always having the builders in to do something or other. (also have got ) informal have put (someone ) at a disadvantage in an argument: you've got me there; I've never given the matter much thought. informal cheat or deceive (someone ): I realized I'd been had. vulgar slang engage in sexual intercourse with. 3 (have to or have got to do something ) be obliged or find it necessary to do the specified thing: you don't have to accept this situation | sorry, we've got to dash. be strongly recommended to do something: if you think that place is great, you have to try our summer house. be certain or inevitable to happen or be the case: there has to be a catch. 4 perform the action indicated by the noun specified (used especially in spoken English as an alternative to a more specific verb ): he had a look round | the colour green has a restful effect. organize and bring about: are you going to have a party? eat or drink: they had beans on toast. give birth to or be due to give birth to: she's going to have a baby. 5 (also have got ) show (a personal attribute or quality ) by one's actions or attitude: he had little patience with technological gadgetry | [ with obj. and infinitive ] : you never even phoned, and now you've got the cheek to come back. [ often in imperative ] exercise or show (mercy, pity, etc. ) towards another person: God have mercy on me! [ with negative ] accept or tolerate: I can't have you insulting Tom like that. 6 (also have got ) [ with obj. and adverbial of place ] place or keep (something ) in a particular position: Mary had her back to me | I soon had the trout in a net. hold or grasp in a particular way: he had me by the throat. 7 be the recipient of (something sent, given, or done ): she had a letter from Mark. take or invite into one's home so as to provide care or entertainment: we're having the children for the weekend. auxiliary verb used with a past participle to form the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses, and the conditional mood: I have finished | he had asked her | she will have left by now | I could have helped, had I known | Have you seen him? ’ ‘Yes, I have.. noun 1 (the haves ) informal people with plenty of money and possessions: an increasing gap between the haves and have-nots. 2 [ in sing. ] Brit. informal, dated a swindle. PHRASES have a care (or an eye etc. ) see care, eye, etc. have got it bad (or badly ) informal be very powerfully affected emotionally, especially by love. have had it informal 1 be in a very poor condition; be beyond repair or past its best: the car had had it. be extremely tired. have lost all chance of survival: when the lorry smashed into me, I thought I'd had it. 2 be unable to tolerate someone or something any longer: I've had it with him he's humiliated me once too often! have it 1 [ with clause ] claim; express the view that: rumour had it that although he lived in a derelict house, he was really very wealthy. 2 win a decision, especially after a vote: the ayes have it. 3 have found the answer to something: ‘I have it!Rosa exclaimed. have it away ( on one's toes ) Brit. informal leave quickly. have it away (or off ) Brit. vulgar slang have sexual intercourse. have it both ways see both. have ( got ) it in for informal feel a particular dislike of (someone ) and behave in a hostile manner towards them. have ( got ) it in one ( to do something ) informal have the capacity or potential (to do something ): everyone thinks he has it in him to produce a literary classic. have it out informal attempt to resolve a contentious matter by confronting someone: give her the chance of a night's rest before you have it out with her. have a nice day chiefly US used to express good wishes when parting. have ( got ) nothing on informal 1 be not nearly as good as. 2 (have nothing or something on ) know nothing (or something ) discreditable or incriminating about: I am not worried they've got nothing on me. have nothing to do with see do 1. have one too many see many. have ( got ) something to oneself be able to use, occupy, or enjoy something without having to share it with anyone else. have —— to do with see do 1. PHRASAL VERBS have at tackle or attack forcefully or aggressively. have someone on informal try to make someone believe something that is untrue, especially as a joke: that's just too neat you're having me on. have ( got ) something on 1 be wearing something: she had a blue dress on. 2 be committed to an arrangement: I've got a lot on at the moment. have something out undergo an operation to extract a part of one's body. have someone up Brit. informal bring someone before a court of justice to answer for an alleged offence: you can be had up for blackmail. ORIGIN Old English habban, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hebben and German haben, also probably to heave . usage: 1 Have and have got: there is a great deal of debate on the difference between these two forms; a traditional view is that have got is chiefly British, but not correct in formal writing, while have is chiefly American. Actual usage is more complicated: have got is in fact also widely used in US English. In both British and US usage have is more formal than have got and it is more appropriate in writing to use constructions such as don't have rather than haven't got. 2 A common mistake is to write the word of instead of have or 've: I could of told you that instead of I could've told you that. The reason for the mistake is that the pronunciation of have in unstressed contexts is the same as that of of, and the two words are confused when it comes to writing them down. The error was recorded as early as 1837 and, though common, is unacceptable in standard English. 3 Another controversial issue is the insertion of have where it is superfluous, as for example I might have missed it if you hadn't have pointed it out (rather than the standard if you hadn't pointed it out ). This construction has been around since at least the 15th and 16th centuries, but only where a hypothetical situation is presented (e.g. statements starting with if ). More recently, there has been speculation among grammarians and linguists that this insertion of have may represent a kind of subjunctive and is actually making a useful distinction in the language. However, it is still regarded as an error in standard English.

 

have-a-go

have-a-go adjective Brit. informal denoting a person who bravely intervenes in an attempt to thwart a criminal: the have-a-go hero ran across the road and confronted the thief.

 

Havel, Václav

Havel, Václav |ˈhɑːv (ə )l | (b.1936 ), Czech dramatist and statesman, President of Czechoslovakia 1989 –92 and of the Czech Republic 1993 –2003. His plays, such as The Garden Party (1963 ), were critical of totalitarianism and he was twice imprisoned as a dissident. He was elected president following the velvet revolution.

 

haveli

haveli |ˌhʌvəˈliː | noun ( pl. havelis ) Indian a mansion. ORIGIN via Hindi from Arabic havelī.

 

havelock

have lock |ˈhavˌläk ˈhævlɑk | noun a cloth covering for a military cap that extends downward to protect the neck from sun and weather. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: named after Sir Henry Havelock (1795 –1857 ), an English general who served in India. havelock

 

haven

haven |ˈheɪv (ə )n | noun a place of safety or refuge: a haven for wildlife. an inlet providing shelter for ships or boats; a harbour or small port. ORIGIN late Old English hæfen, from Old Norse hǫfn; related to Dutch haven, German Hafen harbour .

 

have-nots

have-nots plural noun (usu. the have-nots ) informal economically disadvantaged people.

 

haven't

haven't |ˈhav (ə )nt | contraction have not.

 

haver

haver |ˈheɪvə | verb [ no obj. ] 1 Scottish talk foolishly; babble: Tom havered on. 2 Brit. act in a vacillating or indecisive manner: (as noun havering ) : she was exasperated by all this havering. noun [ mass noun ] (also havers ) Scottish foolish talk; nonsense. ORIGIN early 18th cent.: of unknown origin.

 

Haverhill

Ha ver hill |ˈhāv (ə )rəl ˈheɪvərəl | an industrial city in northeastern Massachusetts, on the Merrimack River; pop. 61,275 (est. 2008 ).

 

haversack

haversack |ˈhavəsak | noun a small, strong bag carried on the back or over the shoulder, used especially by soldiers and walkers. ORIGIN mid 18th cent.: from French havresac, from obsolete German Habersack, denoting a bag used by soldiers to carry oats as horse feed, from dialect Haber oats + Sack sack, bag .

 

Haversian canal

Haversian canal |həˈvəːsɪən | noun Anatomy any of the minute tubes which form a network in bone and contain blood vessels. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: named after Clopton Havers (1650 –1702 ), English anatomist.

 

haversine

haversine |ˈhavəsʌɪn |(also haversin ) noun Mathematics half of a versed sine. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: contraction of half versed sine .

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

have

have verb 1 he had a new car: possess, own, be in possession of, be the owner of; be blessed with, boast, enjoy; keep, retain, hold, occupy. 2 the apartment has five rooms: comprise, consist of, contain, include, incorporate, be composed of, be made up of; encompass; formal comprehend. 3 they had dinner together: eat, consume, devour, partake of; drink, imbibe, quaff; informal demolish, dispose of, put away, scoff (down ), scarf (down /up ). 4 she had a letter from Mark: receive, get, be given, be sent, obtain, acquire, come by, take receipt of. ANTONYMS send, give. 5 we've decided to have a party: organize, arrange, hold, give, host, throw, put on, lay on, set up, fix up. 6 she's going to have a baby: give birth to, bear, be delivered of, bring into the world, produce; informal drop; archaic beget. 7 we are having guests for dinner: entertain, be host to, cater for, receive; invite over, ask over /around, wine and dine; accommodate, put up. 8 he had trouble finding the restaurant: experience, encounter, face, meet, find, run into, go through, undergo. 9 I have a headache: be suffering from, be afflicted by, be affected by, be troubled with. 10 I had a good time: experience; enjoy. 11 many of them have doubts: harbor, entertain, feel, nurse, nurture, sustain, maintain. 12 he had little patience: manifest, show, display, exhibit, demonstrate. 13 she had them line up according to height: make, ask to, request to, get to, tell to, require to, induce to, prevail upon to; order to, command to, direct to, force to. 14 I can't have you insulting me: tolerate, endure, bear, support, accept, put up with, go along with, take, countenance; permit to, allow to; informal stand, abide, stomach; formal brook. 15 I have to get up at six: must, be obliged to, be required to, be compelled to, be forced to, be bound to. 16 informal I'd been had: trick, fool, deceive, cheat, dupe, take in, hoodwink, swindle; informal con, diddle, rip off, shaft, hose, sucker, snooker. PHRASES have had it informal 1 they admit that they've had it: have no chance, have no hope, have failed, be finished, be defeated, have lost; informal have flopped, have come a cropper, have bought the farm. 2 if you tell anyone, you've had it: be in trouble, be in for a scolding; informal be in hot water, be in deep doo-doo, be toast, be dead meat. have on she had a blue dress on: be wearing, be dressed in, be clothed in, be attired in, be decked out in, be robed in.

 

haven

haven noun 1 a safe haven: refuge, retreat, shelter, sanctuary, asylum; port in a storm, oasis, sanctum. 2 they stopped in a small haven: anchorage, harbor, harborage, port, moorage, mooring; cove, inlet, bay.

 

haversack

haversack noun they looked like little soldiers with their khaki haversacks: knapsack, backpack, rucksack, pack.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

have

have verb 1 he had a new car and a boat: possess, own, be in possession of, be the owner of, be the (proud ) possessor of, have in one's possession, have to one's name, count among one's possessions, be blessed with, boast, enjoy; keep, maintain, retain, hold, use, utilize, occupy. ANTONYMS be bereft of. 2 the flat has five rooms: comprise, consist of, contain, include, incorporate, be composed of, be made up of, be formed of; embrace, embody, encompass, take in; formal comprehend. 3 they had beans on toast | we had three cups of tea: eat, consume, devour, partake of; drink, empty, drain, quaff; informal demolish, dispose of, put away, get outside of, scoff (down ), pack away, tuck away; imbibe, sink, knock back; Brit. informal shift, bevvy; N. Amer. informal scarf (down /up ), snarf (down /up ), inhale; rare ingurgitate, bib. 4 she had a letter from Mark: receive, get, be given, be sent, obtain, acquire, procure, come by, take receipt of. ANTONYMS send; give. 5 we've decided to have a party: organize, arrange, hold, give, host, throw, provide, put on, lay on, set up, fix up, make arrangements for, make preparations for, pencil in, prepare for, plan for. ANTONYMS cancel. 6 she's going to have a baby: give birth to, bear, produce, be delivered of, bring into the world; informal drop; archaic be brought to bed of, bring forth, beget. 7 we are having guests for dinner: entertain, be host to, cater for, receive; invite round, invite over, ask round, ask over, show hospitality to, invite to a meal, invite to a party, wine and dine; accommodate, put up, take in, give a bed to. ANTONYMS visit. 8 the driver had trouble finding the restaurant: experience, encounter, undergo, face, meet, find, go through, run into, come across, be subjected to, have experience of, be faced with. 9 I have a headache: be suffering from, be afflicted by, be affected by, be troubled with, be a sufferer from; informal be a martyr to. 10 I went to a few parties and had a good time: experience, enjoy, taste. 11 many pilots have doubts about the safety of the new computer system: harbour, feel, entertain, foster, nurse, cherish, nurture, bear, sustain, maintain, keep in one's mind. 12 he had little patience with technological gadgetry: manifest, show, display, exhibit, demonstrate, express, evince. 13 he had his bodyguards throw Chris out: cause to, make, ask to, request to, get to, tell to, require to, persuade to, induce to, prevail upon someone to; order to, command to, direct to, enjoin to, oblige to, force to, compel to, coerce to. 14 I can't have you insulting Tom like that: tolerate, endure, bear, support, accept, put up with, go along with, take, countenance, brook; permit to, allow to; informal stand, abide, stick, stomach, hold with; Brit. informal be doing with. 15 I have to get up at 6.30 tomorrow morning: must, have got to, be obliged to, be required to, be compelled to, be forced to, be bound to, be duty-bound to, be under an obligation to. 16 informal I realized I'd been had: trick, fool, deceive, cheat, dupe, take in, outwit, double-cross, hoodwink, swindle; informal do, con, diddle, bilk, rip off, shaft, pull a fast one on, put one over on, take to the cleaners; N. Amer. informal sucker, snooker, stiff. PHRASES have done with the drug scene is behind me —I have done with it: be finished with, have finished with, be done with, be through with, want no more to do with, be no longer involved with /in, have given up, have no further dealings with, have turned one's back on, have washed one's hands of, have no more truck with. ANTONYMS get into. have had it informal 1 in private they admit that they've had it: have no chance, have no hope, have failed, be finished, be out, be defeated, have lost, have no chance of success, have come to nothing; informal have flopped, have bitten the dust, have come a cropper. ANTONYMS succeed. 2 if you ever let this information get out to the public, you've had it: be in trouble, be going to be punished, be going to suffer the consequences, be going to pay the price, be in for a scolding, be going to answer for something; informal be for it, be for the high jump, be in hot water, be in deep water, be in (deep ) shtook, be going to take the rap, be going to catch it. have it away /off (with ) Brit. vulgar slang Steph had it off with Tony while he was going out with Lani: have sexual intercourse (with ), have sex (with ), make love (to ), sleep with /together, go to bed with /together; mate (with ); seduce, rape, ravish; informal do it, do the business, go all the way, make whoopee, have one's way with, bed, know in the biblical sense, tumble; Brit. informal bonk, get one's oats; N. Amer. informal boff, get it on (with ); euphemistic be intimate (with ); vulgar slang fuck, screw, bang, lay, get one's leg over, shaft, dick, frig, do, have, hump, poke, shtup, dip one's wick, ride, service, tup; Brit. vulgar slang shag, knob, get one's end away, knock someone off, give someone one, roger, grind, stuff; Scottish vulgar slang podger; N. Amer. vulgar slang ball, jump, jump someone's bones, bone, pork, diddle, nail; Austral. /NZ vulgar slang root; formal copulate (with ); archaic fornicate (with ), possess, lie with /together, couple (with ), swive, know. have (got ) it in for informal he's had it in for me since I started seeing Gwen: be hostile to, show /feel ill will towards, show antagonism to, bear a grudge towards, be against, be set against, be prejudiced against, disapprove of; persecute, pick on, push around /about, lean on, bully, abuse, discriminate against, ill-treat, mistreat, maltreat, harass, hound, torment, terrorize, torture, punish unfairly; informal have a down on, be down on, give someone a hard time, hassle, needle, get on someone's back, make things hot for someone. have (got ) nothing on informal I am not worried they've got nothing on me: have no evidence against, know nothing bad about, know nothing damning about, have no incriminating information about. have someone on Brit. informal that's just too neat you're having me on: play a trick on, play a joke on, joke with, trick, tease, rag, pull someone's leg, fool about /around; informal kid, rib, take the mickey out of, make a monkey out of, take for a ride, lead up the garden path; Brit. informal wind up; N. Amer. informal put on, pull someone's chain; Brit. vulgar slang take the piss out of; dated make sport of. have (got ) something on 1 she had a blue dress on: be wearing, be dressed in, be clothed in, be garbed in, be attired in, be turned out in, be decked out in, be tricked out in, be robed in; archaic be apparelled in. 2 Brit. I have got a lot on at the moment: be committed to, have arranged, have planned, have organized, have fixed up, have on the agenda, have made arrangements for. let someone have it informal 1 as soon as you see the enemy, let them have it! attack, assault, beat, beat up, batter, thrash, pound, pummel, assail, set upon, fall upon, set about, strike at, let fly at, tear into, lash out at; informal jump, paste, do over, work over, knock about /around, rough up, lay into, lace into, sail into, pitch into, get stuck into, beat the living daylights out of; Brit. informal have a go at, duff someone up; N. Amer. informal beat up on, light into. 2 she let me have it, in a stream of obscenities: scold, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, admonish, remonstrate with, chastise, chide, upbraid, berate, take to task, pull up, castigate, lambaste, read someone the Riot Act, give someone a piece of one's mind, go on at, haul over the coals, criticize, censure; informal tell off, give someone a talking-to, give someone a telling-off, dress down, give someone a dressing-down, give someone an earful, give someone a roasting, give someone a rocket, give someone a rollicking, rap, rap over the knuckles, slap someone's wrist, send someone away with a flea in their ear, bawl out, give someone hell, come down on, blow up, pitch into, lay into, lace into, give someone a caning, put on the mat, slap down, blast, rag, keelhaul; Brit. informal tick off, have a go at, carpet, monster, give someone a mouthful, tear someone off a strip, give someone what for, give someone some stick, wig, give someone a wigging, give someone a row, row; N. Amer. informal chew out, ream out, take to the woodshed; Brit. vulgar slang bollock, give someone a bollocking; N. Amer. vulgar slang chew someone's ass, ream someone's ass; dated call down, rate, give someone a rating, trim; rare reprehend, objurgate.

 

haven

haven noun 1 they stopped off in small harbours and havens: anchorage, harbour, port, mooring, roads; cove, inlet, bay, fjord; rare harbourage, moorage, roadstead, hithe. 2 a safe haven in times of trouble: refuge, retreat, shelter, sanctuary, asylum, place of safety, place of security, port in a storm, harbour, oasis, sanctum.

 

haversack

haversack noun knapsack, rucksack, backpack, pack, kitbag.

 

Duden Dictionary

Havel

Ha vel Substantiv, feminin , die |H a vel …fl̩ |die Havel; Genitiv: der Havel rechter Nebenfluss der Elbe

 

Havelland

Ha vel land Substantiv, Neutrum , das |H a velland |das Havelland; Genitiv: des Havelland [e ]s Landschaft westlich von Berlin

 

havelländisch

ha vel län disch Adjektiv |h a velländisch |

 

Havelock

Ha ve lock Substantiv, maskulin , der |H a velock |nach dem englischen General Sir Henry Havelock, 1795 –1857 langer ärmelloser Herrenmantel mit pelerinenartigem Umhang

 

have, pia anima

have, pia ani ma |h a ve, p i a a nima |lateinisch ; »sei gegrüßt, fromme Seele! «Inschrift auf Grabsteinen o. Ä.

 

Haverei

Ha ve rei Substantiv, feminin , die |Haver ei |die Haverei; Genitiv: der Haverei, Plural: die Havereien Havarie

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

have

have /həv, əv, v , ⦅強 ⦆hæv / (! 母音の後または文頭で非常に早口の場合は /v /; have, has, hadの ⦅弱 ⦆は, 完了形の 助動詞 , had better [best, rather ]の構文, ならびにhave got to等で 代名詞 以外の目的語とともに用いられた場合にのみ起こる ) 〖原義は 「(手の中に )持つ [入れる ]」〗語法 1 強勢 a. 動詞 通例強勢が置かれるが, 特定の用法で強勢が消失することもある ((2 )). 使役用法については 他動詞 21a , 22a を参照 .b. 助動詞 通例完了形を作るhaveは強勢を受けないので弱形で発音されるか短縮されるが, haven't, hasn'tなどの否定形は通例強勢が置かれる . 一方, 疑問文における文頭のhaveは ⦅米 ⦆では通例無強勢だが ⦅英 ⦆ではしばしば強勢が置かれる . また, yes-no疑問文などに対する短い返答に現れるhaveやhaven 'tはしばしば強勢を受ける (助動詞 1 a 最終例 ). なお, 文頭で分詞構文の形で用いられる場合もしばしば強勢を受ける (助動詞 5 第3例 ).2 コーパス have /has /had の短縮形 a. 主な短縮形 ⦅ 話 ⦆⦅くだけて ⦆では, しばしばそれぞれ 've, 's, 'dなどの短縮形が用いられることがある . 主な短縮形は以下のとおり .(i ) have I've, we've, you've, they've; who've (関係代名詞 ); would've, could've, should've, must've, might've, まれ will've, まれ may'veなど (!助動詞 +'veが目的語を従える場合は通例gotを伴う; (b )) .(ii ) has he's, she's, it's; what's, who's; there's, here'sなど (!'sはisと完了形を作るhasの短縮形が大部分を占める; 動詞 の目的語を従える場合はgotを伴う方が普通 ) .(iii ) had I'd, we'd, you'd, he'd, she'd, it'd, they'd; who'dなど (!'dはwould, shouldのほか, 過去完了を作るhadの短縮形が大部分を占める; 目的語を従えるのは ⦅比較的まれ ⦆) . b. 動詞 強勢のない場合のみ短縮可能 We already had [╳We'd already ] three children .我々にはすでに3人の子供がいた ▸ I have [╳I've ] ham and eggs for breakfast every day .毎日朝食にハムエッグを食べます .ただし, ⦅英 ⦆⦅米話 ⦆ではa, an, some, any, no, everyなどを伴う 名詞 の前では短縮形が用いられることがある ▸ “I've a l t to do. ” “I h ve [╳I've ] t o.”「することがたくさんあるんです 」「私もです 」I've (got ) n id a .わかりません c. 助動詞 助動詞 のhaveは一般に強勢を受けないので短縮可能 I've done it .それは済ませました Nothing's [The world's ] changed .何も変わっていない [世の中は変わった ] (!不定代名詞や 名詞 にも短縮形が用いられることがある ) .動詞 has /hæz /; had /hæd /; having (!⦅古 ⦆では二人称単数直説法現在形にhast, 三人称単数直説法現在形にhathが用いられることがある ) .コーパス頻度ランク have +名詞 time (他動詞 5 第1例, 13a 第1,3例 )idea (他動詞 7 第1例 )look (他動詞 16 第1例 )right (他動詞 2 第8例 )problem (s ) (他動詞 2 第4例, 13a 第4例 )have は 「…を持つ 」が基本の意の 動詞 で, 具体的な物のほかに, 時間 考え 権利 問題 機会など幅広い内容の目的語をとる .他動詞 語法 コーパス haveとhave got 1 広く一時的 永久的所有を表す I の用法では, 通例 have または have got の形が用いられる. この用法はもともと状態を表すので進行形にしないし, 受け身にもしない. また, have gotの形をとる時は ╳have had gotのような完了形, ╳to have gotのようなto不定詞では用いられず, -ing形にしたり法助動詞の後で用いたりすることも ⦅主に英 ⦆まれ に見られるのみ. have got は通例 've got 's got のように短縮形で用いられ, 've gotの方はきわめてくだけた文脈では 'veが落ちて got となることもあるが ⦅書 ⦆では 〘非標準 〙. なお, 広く所有を表す場合でも, 習慣的なことにふれる場合は ⦅米 ⦆ ⦅英 ⦆ともに現在形 過去形のいずれもhave gotは用いない ▸ I often have [╳have got ] headaches .私はよく頭痛になる ▸ I have [I've got ] a headache .頭痛がする .一方, 所有以外の II , III , IV の用法では, 原則として ⦅米 ⦆ ⦅英 ⦆ともに have を用い, 一般動詞扱いで 助動詞 のdo, does, didなどを使って各種の文を作る. また, 所有の場合同様, 一部の用法を除いて受け身は一般的ではないが (13 a , 14 ), 進行形は動作を表す II の用法を始め, 一部の用法で可能 .2 肯定文 否定文 疑問文 所有を表す I の用法では以下のような方法で各種の文を作る .⦅現在形 ⦆a. 肯定文 ▸ (i ) I have a cell phone .私は携帯電話を持っています (!(1 )⦅米 ⦆では最も普通の形; ⦅英 ⦆では ⦅ややかたく ⦆響く. (2 )haveの短縮形を使った I've a cell phone.⦅比較的まれ ⦆) .(ii ) I've got a cell phone. (!⦅英 ⦆では最も普通の形; ⦅米 ⦆では ⦅話 ⦆) .(iii ) I got a cell phone. (!きわめてくだけた言い方でhave gotのhaveが落ちた形 ) . b. 否定文 ▸ (i ) I don't have a cell phone .私は携帯電話を持っていません .(ii ) ⦅主に英 ⦆I haven't got a cell phone. (!I've not got a cell phone.まれ ) .(iii ) I haven't a cell phone. (!(1 )⦅米 ⦆より ⦅英 ⦆で好まれるが ⦅比較的まれ ⦆. (2 )かたく 響く; ただし, haven't the slightest [faintest ] idea (ちっともわからない ), haven't a clue (わからない )のような一部の慣用表現は ⦅くだけて ⦆でもよく用いる. (3 )短縮のないI have not a cell phone. はさらに かたく 響く ) . c. 疑問文 ▸ (i ) “Do you have a cell phone? ” “Yes, I do. [No, I don't. ]”「君は携帯電話を持っていますか 」「はい, 持っています [いいえ, 持っていません ]」.(ii ) ⦅主に英 ⦆Have you got a cell phone? ” “Yes, I have [╳have got ]./No, I haven't [╳haven't got ].” (!短い応答文や付加疑問文ではhave gotは用いない:You've got a cell phone, haven't you [╳haven't you got ]?) .(iii ) ⦅主に英 まれ Have you a cell phone? (!かたく 響く; 応答文は (ii )を参照 ) . d. have got と一般動詞用法の混在 ⦅米 ⦆では, 特にyes -no疑問文に対する短い応答, 問い返し疑問文, 付加疑問文などにおいて, have gotと一般動詞用法のhaveが混在することがある ▸ “I've got a new car. ” “You do?「新車を持っているんだ 」「本当かい 」また, ⦅主に米 ⦆ではhave gotを疑問文には用いないが, 応答文でhave gotを用いて目的語を対照的に示すことがある ▸ “Does your brother have brown eyes?” “No, he's got blue eyes.”「君の兄さんの目は茶色ですか 」「いいえ, 青です 」.⦅過去形 ⦆a. 肯定文 ▸ I had a cell phone .私は携帯電話を持っていた (!hadの短縮形を使った I'd a cell phone. は不自然 ) ⦅ややまれ ⦆I had [I'd ] got a cell phone .b. 否定文 ▸ I didn't have a cell phone .⦅ややまれ ⦆I hadn't got a cell phone .⦅英 まれ I hadn't a cell phone .c. 疑問文 Did you have a cell phone? 君は携帯電話を持っていましたか まれ Had you got [⦅英 ⦆Had you ] a cell phone? ⦅米 ⦆ ⦅英 ⦆ともにYou have [⦅よりくだけて ⦆You've ] had …, You haven't [⦅比較的まれ ⦆You've not ] had …, Have you had …?などの形を用いる. 特に ⦅英 ⦆ではgetの 過分 としてもgotを用いるので, getの現在完了形と紛らわしいことがあり注意 I've got some oranges in the refrigerator .冷蔵庫にオレンジがあります (!所有を表す ) I've gotten ⦅米 ⦆ [I've got ⦅英 ⦆] some oranges from Kate .ケイトからオレンジをもらった (!getの現在完了形 ) .【I 所有している 】1 【人の手元に 】〈物 〉を持っている , 携帯している , …がある «on , with » , ⦅主に英 かたく «about » ; 【場所に 】〈物 〉が付いている , 付着している «on » ; (財産として )…を持っている , 所有する (!(1 )have gotも用いる (語法 (2 )). (2 )進行形 受け身にしない ) He had something in his hand .彼は手に何か持っていた (!(1 )この場合somethingは彼の所有物とは限らない. (2 )╳He was having … としない ) ▸ I didn't have any money on me .私は手持ちの金がなかった ▸ “Do you have any stamps?” “No, I don't have any [╳have ].”「切手をお持ちでないですか 」「いいえ, 切らしています 」 (!他動詞 なので目的語は省略できない ) Do I have something on my face? 私の顔に何か付いていますか ▸ I have a house in the country .私は田舎に家を持っています .表現 所有を表すhaveは 前置詞 のwithに, not haveはwithoutに対応して 名詞 の後で表現可能 ▸ I saw a man with a knife .私はナイフを持った男を見た (≒… a man who had a knife. )people without money お金のない人々 (≒people who don't have money ).ただし, with句は述語動詞とは交換不可能 The man had [╳was with ] a knife .その男はナイフを持っていた .類義 haveとhold, own, possess have は所有を表す最も一般的な語で, 所有の理由は何も暗示しない. hold はhaveよりも強い支配 掌握 占有 きずな などを暗示する語. own は自分の所有物として自然のまたは法的な権利を有することを暗示. possess はownと同様に法的な所有権を表すが, ⦅よりかたく ⦆で厳密な名義などを意識し, ownと違って財産以外の性質や属性などについても広く用いる .2 〈人 事が 〉 (外見 性質 機能として )…を持っている , 備えている ; 〈人が 〉〈機会 権利 能力 自由 資格など 〉がある ; 勇気 元気 自信など 〉がある (!⦅主に英 ⦆ではhave gotも用いる; 進行形 受け身にしない ) have brown eyes [long hair ]茶色の眼 [長い髪 ]をしている Male birds have bright colors .オスの鳥は明るい色をしている We have a lot in common .我々は共通点が多い have a problem with A Aのことで問題を抱えている have a chance of winning 勝つ見込みがある have a bad temper [good memory ]短気である [物覚えがよい ]This stereo doesn't have an MD player .このステレオにはMDプレーヤーが付いていない have the right [opportunity, chance ] to do …する権利 [機会 ]がある have the courage [nerve, guts ] to do …する勇気がある, 大胆にも …する .3 (構成要素として )〈物 人 〉がある , いる , …から成っている , …を含んでいる (!⦅主に英 ⦆ではhave gotも用いる; 進行形 受け身にしない ) In 2001 this club had 5,000 members .2001年にはこのクラブは5千人の会員がいた (≒In 2001 there were 5,000 members in this club. )An hour has sixty minutes .1時間は60分である My room has three windows .私の部屋には窓が3つある This book has a lot of illustrations .この本にはたくさん挿絵が載っている .4 (肉親 友人 雇用関係で )〈人 〉を持っている , かかえている , …がいる ; 【ある役目として 】〈人 〉を受け入れる «as » ; 〈動物など 〉を飼っている (keep 他動詞 7 ) (!⦅主に英 ⦆ではhave gotも用いる; 進行形 受け身にしない ) Do you have any brothers or sisters?君には兄弟姉妹がいますか ▸ I don't have a friend who can speak Spanish .私にはスペイン語を話せる友人はいない How many employees do you have ?従業員は何人いますか I'm not going to have them as friends .彼らを友人として受け入れるつもりはない ▸ I used to have three dogs .昔は犬を3匹飼っていた .5 時間 理由など 〉がある , …を使える (!⦅主に英 ⦆ではhave gotも用いる; 進行形 受け身にしない ) ▸ I didn't have enough time to get ready .準備をする十分な時間がなかった She has no reason to fear them .彼女には彼らを恐れるいわれはない (≒There's no reason for her to fear them. )6 〈病気など 〉にかかる, かかっている ; 痛み がある , する ; 〈機械などが 〉〈故障 をする (!⦅主に英 ⦆ではhave gotも用いる; 進行形 受け身にしない ) ▸ I have [I've got ] a cold .私はかぜをひいている (╳ I have cold. としない )(≒I'm suffering [╳I'm having ] from a cold. /I've caught (a ) cold .)Do you have any pain here? ここは痛みますか have (the ) flu 流感にかかる (!theははやっていることを意識する言い方 ) have awful nerves before exams 試験前でひどく神経過敏になっている have [╳do,take ] a breakdown 〈機械が 〉故障する ; 〈人が 〉神経衰弱になる .7 考え 疑い 感情など 〉(心に )持っている , 抱いている , 考えている (!⦅主に英 ⦆ではhave gotも用いる; 進行形 受け身にしない; 目的語として動詞派生の 名詞 をとることがある ) ▸ I had no idea what to say .私は何と言っていいかわからなかった Do you have any questions?何か質問がありますか What did you have in mind ?何を考えていたんだ ▸ I have no doubt that he did it .私は確かに彼がそれをやったのだと思っている ▸ I have a strong feeling that something is going to happen .何かが起こりそうな気がしてならない (≒ I feel strongly that …)She has a love for [of ] old movies .彼女は古い映画が好きだ (≒ She loves old movies.)They had no objection to my plan .彼らは私の計画に異議はなかった .8 〈ホテルなどが 〉〈空室 がある ; 〈店などが 〉 (在庫として )〈商品 を持っている , 置いている (!⦅主に英 ⦆ではhave gotも用いる; 進行形 受け身にしない ) ▸ “Do you have a double room for tonight? ” “Oh, I'm sorry. I'm afraid we don't have a room available at this time.「(ホテルの予約案内に )今晩ダブルの部屋が空いていますか 」「申し訳ございません, ただ今ご用意できる部屋がございません 」The hotel shop has souvenirs .そのホテルの売店は土産品を扱っている .9 (立場上 )〈責任 義務など 〉がある ; have A to do …しなければならないA 〈事 人など 〉がある (!⦅主に英 ⦆ではhave gotも用いる; 進行形 受け身にしない ) ▸ I have a responsibility to do [duty to perform ] it .私にはそれをする責任 [遂行する義務 ]がある Do you have any work to do now? ただ今何かお仕事がおありですか I'm in a hurry. I have a train to catch .急いでいるのです, 列車に乗らなければならないものですから .10 have A with one A 〈人 〉と一緒にいる ; have A (+副詞 )〗(ある場所に )A 〈人 〉がいる (!副詞 は場所の表現; いずれも ⦅主に英 ⦆ではhave gotも用いる; いずれも進行形 受け身にしない ) She had a friend with her .彼女はある友達と一緒にいた Nice [Good, We're happy ] to have you with us .(テレビ番組などで )ご出演ありがとうございます ▸ I have him .彼を連れて来たよ Susan hopes to have him back home with her .スーザンは彼に家に帰ってきて欲しいと思っている ▸ I was glad to have you there to consult .相談に乗ってくれるあなたがそこにいてくださってうれしかったです .11 〈言語など 〉を知っている , わかる ; …に熟練している (!進行形にしない ) have English as one's second language 第2言語として英語がわかる .【II 受け取る 経験する 】12 〈食事など 〉をとる , 食べる (eat ), 〈飲み物 を飲む (drink ) (!eatやdrinkなど本能的行為の表現を避けたより上品な表現; takeを用いるのは今は ⦅比較的まれ ⦆) ; タバコ を吸う (smoke ) (!いずれも受け身にしない ) She's having breakfast with her friends now .彼女は今友人と朝食をとっています (breakfast 名詞 )have fish for dinner 夕食に魚を食べる I'll [We'll ] have a cup of coffee with cream .⦅話 ⦆(注文時に )私 [私たち ]はクリーム入りコーヒーにします Have some tea.Will [Won't ] you have some tea? お茶をどうぞ (!Do you have some tea? は 「お茶を持っていますか 」の意; 1 ) have a cigarette タバコを吸う (!「タバコを持っている 」の意にもなる ) .13 (!a を除いて通例受け身にしない ) a. (体験として )…を持つ , 経験する ; 〈…な時 〉を過ごす have a good [great ] time 楽しむ (!通例by all [everyone ]を伴った受け身が可能:A good [great ] time was had by all [everyone ]. みんなが楽しく過ごした ) I've had a lot of fun being with you .君と一緒にいて楽しかった They were having difficulty [a hard time ] getting a taxi .彼らはタクシーを拾うのに苦労していた ▸ I don't have a problem with that .私はそれで問題ない have an accident 事故に遭う [を起こす ]Have a nice [good ] day .(別れる時のあいさつとして )よい一日をお過ごしください We had a lot of rain last summer .昨年の夏は雨が多かった You must have the wrong number .(電話の相手に )おかけ間違いですよ Let's have some music .音楽をやろう [聞こう ] (!have some musicは 「〈映画などが 〉音楽が入っている 」の意にもなる; 3 ) .b. 〈会など 〉を開く , 催す (⦅よりかたく ⦆hold 1 )I'm having a party [meeting, concert ] next Friday .私は次の金曜日にパーティ [会議, コンサート ]を開く予定だ .c. 手術 治療 授業など 〉を受ける (!進行形が可能 ) have an operation [treatment ] for A A 〈病気など 〉の手術 [治療 ]を受ける have [take ] piano lessons ピアノのレッスンを受ける .14 (!進行形にしない ) a. 【人から 】情報 援助 物など 〉を受ける , 受け取る , 手に入れる «from » ; 機会 名誉など 〉を得る (!受け身が可能 ) ▸ I had a phone call from my brother yesterday .昨日兄から電話をもらった We'll have the results of these tests in two weeks .2週間ほどしたらこのテストの結果が出る They have good salaries .彼らはよい給料をもらっている ▸ I didn't have a chance to meet him .彼に会う機会はなかった New information was had by using a computer .新情報がコンピュータを操作して得られた .b. can be had 【ある金額で 】〈物が 〉入手可能である «for » ▸ A basic model can be had for about $100 .基本モデルが100ドルくらいで手に入る .15 ⦅丁寧に ⦆ (!現在の持ち主の意思を問題にするのにその持ち主を主語にしないで遠回しな響きを出す ) a. Can /Could /May I have A 〗A 〈物 〉をいただけますか , A 情報 を教えていただけますか (!話し手を主語にしたGive me … の遠回し表現; can, could, mayの順に丁寧でかたい表現になる ) May I have a bus route map [your name ], please? バスの路線図をもらえませんか [お名前をおうかがいしてもよろしいですか ].b. You can have A 〗A 〈物 〉をあげます (!I'll give you A (君にAをやろう )などの露骨な表現より好まれる ) On Christmas you can have anything you want .クリスマスには何でも欲しいものをあげるよ .16 have a A 〗Aをする (!(1 )Aは主に 動詞 由来の 名詞 で1回限りの行為を表し, haveより強い強勢が置かれる; 動詞 を用いるよりくだけた言い方. (2 )takeもhaveとほぼ同様に用いるが, 概してtakeは ⦅米 ⦆で, haveは ⦅英 ⦆で好まれる傾向がある; take 他動詞 3 a 語法 コーパスの窓 ) have a look at the poster [around ]ポスター [周り ]を見る (≒look at the poster [around ]) (!⦅英 ⦆で好まれる形で, ⦅米 ⦆ではtakeの方が好まれる ) Have a seat .お座りください (≒Sit down. ) (!コーパス ⦆ ⦅米 ⦆⦅英 ⦆ともにTake a seat. より優勢 ) Two men were having [╳taking,doing ] an argument in a restaurant .2人の男性がレストランで口論 [議論 ]していた (≒Two men were arguing in …)have a good sleep よく眠る (≒sleep well ) (!have a good [bad, poor ] night's sleep (夜よく眠れる [眠れない ])のように前に修飾語を伴って表現を豊かにするだけでなく, 動詞句部分を長くして文体を整えるのに貢献することも多い ) .17 影響 効果など 〉を持つ , 示す (!進行形が可能; 受け身にしない ) Body weight has an effect [influence ] on blood pressure .体重は血圧に影響を与える .18 〈女性が 〉〈赤ん坊 を生む (かたく bear ); 女性 夫婦 男性に 〉〈赤ん坊 が生まれる , できる (!受け身にしない ) Are you having your baby at home? あなたは自宅で出産する予定ですか (!Did you have your baby at home? では 「自宅で出産したのですか 」の意味のほか 「赤ちゃんはご自宅にいたのですか 」の意にもとれる; 4 ) I'm [We're ] going to have [╳make ] a baby in March .3月に子供が生まれます .【III Aを …の状態で持つ 】19 have A C 〗A 〈人 物 〉をC 〈特定の状態 〉に保っておく , AをC (のまま )にしておく ; have A +副詞 Aを 場所 に置いておく , Aを 方向 に持って [連れて ]行く (!Cは 形容詞 過分 ; 副詞 は場所 方向の表現; ⦅主に英 ⦆ではhave gotも用いる ) ▸ I had the door half open .私はドアを半分開けておいた (!このopenは 形容詞 ) Have your questions ready! 質問を用意しておきなさい ▸ I had it in a drawer for twenty years .私はそれを20年間引き出しに入れておいた .語法 しばしば句動詞として用いられる have A around /have A back /have A in [in A ]/have A off /have A on /have A out /You have me there (成句 ).20 have A done (!Aとdoneは受け身の主語と述部の関係にある ) . a. 使役 業者 専門家 目下の人などに 】A 〈物 人 〉を …してもらう [させる ], Aを … された状態にしてもらう [させる ] «by » (!haveに強勢が置かれる; 進行形が可能; 受け身にしない ) ▸ I must have the wall painted .壁にペンキを塗ってもらわなければ [塗らせなければ ]ならない (≒I want the wall to be painted. )She has her shoes made by artisans .彼女は (習慣的に )靴を職人に作ってもらう Are you going to have him charged? 彼を訴えるつもりですか She had the man arrested by the police .彼女は警察にその男を逮捕してもらった .語法 haveはmakeほど強くないが強制の意味を持つので, 仕事を依頼している業者 専門家,生徒 部下など, 社会的立場が自分と同等以下の者に対して用いる I'd like to have my car checked .車を調べていただきたいのですが (!業者の人以外に言う時は失礼に響くので, Would you [Could you, May I ask you to ] check my car? などを用いる ) .なお, よりくだけた言い方のget A doneでは説得に重点があり, このような制限はない; get 他動詞 28 a 類義 .b. 経験 受け身 〈人などが 〉 «…に » A 〈物 〉を … される [させられる ] «by » (!doneに強勢が置かれる; しばしば不快さを暗示する; a と紛らわしいので避けられることがある ) He had his car stolen (by someone ).彼は (だれかに )車を盗まれた (≒His car was stolen by someone.Someone stole his car. ) (!(1 )╳He was stolen his car. とはしない; 語法 . (2 )hadに強勢があれば 「自分の車をだれかに盗ませた 」(a )の意にもなりうるが文脈に依存することも多い ) The gymnasium had its roof blown off in [by ] the explosion .体育館は爆発で屋根を吹き飛ばされた (!The roof of the gymnasium was blown off in [by ] the explosion. の方が普通 ) You had us a little worried .心配したよ 語法 have A done とbe done have A done は被害 影響を被った者が主題となるのに対し, be done は直接移動 変化させられた物が主題となる ▸ “What's the matter with you? ” “I had my car stolen last night.「どうしたんだい 」「昨晩車を盗まれたんだ 」▸ “Where is your car? ” “It was stolen last night.「君の車はどこにあるのかい 」「昨晩盗まれたんだ 」c. 完了 ⦅くだけて ⦆A 〈物 〉を … してしまう , …してしまっている (!doneに強勢が置かれる; 時にhave (got ) A doneで ) Please have this done at once .これをすぐにやってください ▸ I had my right leg hurt in the accident .事故で右足をけがした (!他人ではなく自分の不注意に原因がある場合はhave A doneは用いない; I hurt my right leg [╳had my right leg hurt ] when I fell down. 転んで右足をけがした ) .21 have A do (!受け身にしない ) a. 使役 ⦅主に米 ややかたく ⦆A 業者 専門家 目下の人など 〉に …させる , してもらう (!(1 )haveに強勢が置かれる. (2 )have A doは開始から完結まで行為をひとまとまりとして見る言い方; 他動詞 22 a ) (make 他動詞 9 語法 )▸ I had him paint the wall .彼に壁のペンキを塗らせた [塗ってもらった ]The teacher had us read it aloud .先生は我々にそれを声を出して読ませた Have him come in, please .彼に入って来てもらってください .語法 20 a と同様に, have A doは通例社会的立場が同等以下の者について用いる ▸ I got my teacher to [asked my teacher to , ╳had my teacher ] check the essay .私は先生に作文を見てもらった (!説得を暗示するget A to doは上のような制限はなく, ⦅米 ⦆ではhaveよりくだけた言い方; get 他動詞 26 ) .ただし, そうすることが職務の場合は上の立場の者に対しても使用可能 I'll have the doctor call you back .(看護師が )先生に折り返し電話させます .b. 経験 ⦅くだけて ⦆A 〈人 事 〉が …するのを経験する , Aに … される (!doに強勢が置かれる ) Do you have many friends come to see you? 多くの友人が遊びに来るのですか We won't have that happen again .2度とそのようなことがないようにします He had a friend quit this project .彼は友人にこの計画から去られた 22 have A doing (!進行形 受け身にしない ) a. A 〈人 〉を …させる [させ始める ] (!doingは一定期間続く動作を暗示する; 21 a ) From an early age he had me playing baseball .幼いころから彼は私に野球をやらせ始めた .b. ⦅くだけて ⦆(ある行為の結果 )A 〈物 事など 〉が … している状態である , Aが …しているのを経験する (!have gotも用いる ) ▸ I know you have got another book coming out .また本をお出しになっているそうですね .23 ⦅話 ⦆〈事 人 〉を許す , 我慢する (!通例won 't, can't, wouldn'tなどの後で ) ; A doing /done A 〈人 〉が … する [される ]のを許す (!通例否定文 疑問文で ) ▸ I won't [can't ] have it.⦅英 ⦆I'm not having it .それは許せない ▸ I want to go home but my mom won't have me .私は家に帰りたいが母さんが許してくれない ▸ I can't have you following me .あなたに後をついてきて欲しくない .24 A by the B 〗A 〈人 〉をB 〈体の一部など 〉を使って (乱暴に )つかむ , AのBをつかむ ; 【手 (のひら )などで 】〈物 〉をつかむ «in » (!⦅主に英 ⦆ではhave gotも用いる; 進行形 受け身にしない ) Jimmy had me by the throat [collar ].ジミーは私の首 [えり ]をつかんだ 語法 ⦅米話 ⦆ではhave A Bで 「A 〈人 〉にB 〈物 事 〉を持たせる 」の意で用いられることがある (!Aはしばしば主語と同一指示の人称代名詞 ) I'm gonna have me a party .パーティを開くつもりだ We'll have us a little drink .少し飲もう We had us a beautiful daughter .我々には美しい娘がいた We have you a good liver .(移植を待っている患者に )いい肝臓が手に入ったよ .IV その他 】25 ⦅くだけて ⦆〖通例be had だまされる , 一杯食らわされる It's a fake! We've been had !偽物だ . だまされた 26 (自宅で特に一定期間 )〈人 物 〉の面倒を見る , 世話をする (!受け身にしない ) have kids for a while しばらく子供を預かる .27 〈人 〉 (自宅で )もてなす ; 【夕食などに 】〈人 〉を招く «for , to » ; 〈客 〉がある (in , (a )round, over ) «to » (!受け身にしない ) ▸ I want to have you in some time, Susan .スーザン, いつかうちに来て欲しいな We are having guests (for dinner ) tonight .今夜は (夕食に )お客さんを呼んであります .28 ⦅くだけて ⦆(議論などで )〈人 〉より有利な立場に立つ [立っている ], 〈人 〉を論破する (!have gotも用いる; 進行形にしない ) .29 〈人 〉を買収する , …にわいろを使う .30 ⦅俗 遠回しに ⦆〈男 女が 〉〈人 〉とセックスする , する .be h d p ⦅英 くだけて ⦆ «…のかどで » 訴えられる «for » .be h ving A n ⦅主に英話 ⦆(冗談で ) «…のことで » A 〈人 〉をだます, かつぐ «about » You're having me on .冗談だろう .be n t h ving [n t h ve ] ny (of that )be n t h ving [n t h ve ] (ny of ) it ⦅英 くだけた話 ⦆(それを )聞こう [信じよう ]としない, 耳を貸さない (!be動詞の場合通例was ) .h ve [⦅主に英 ⦆have g t ] A against B A 〈(過去の )事 〉の理由でB 〈人 物 〉を嫌いである (!(1 )Aはnothing, anything, something, whatなど. (2 )進行形 受け身にしない ) have (got ) nothing [not have (got ) anything ] against him 彼を嫌う理由は何もない What do you have [⦅主に英 ⦆have you got ] against Nell? ネルのどこが気に入らないの .h ve A ll to one s lf have A to oneself .h ve A ar und ⦅主に米 ⦆[r und ⦅主に英 ⦆] (B )1 (B 〈場所 人 〉の )そばにA 〈人 〉がいる, (Bの近くに ) (いざというとき助けてくれる )Aがいる .2 27 .h ve t it ⦅米 くだけて ⦆1 ⦅話 ⦆〖命令形で; H- at it!(人を励まして )やってみろ, がんばれ ; さあ始めなさい ; どうぞ召し上がれ .2 (けんかなどで )かかっていく .h ve A b ck (!受け身にしない ) 1 A 〈物 〉を返してもらう (get A back ) (!まれ にhave back Aとなる; give A back ) .2 ⦅主に英 ⦆A 〈別れた夫 恋人など 〉を迎え入れる .3 ⦅主に英 ⦆(どこかで過ごした帰りに )【コーヒーでも飲みに 】A 〈人 〉に自宅に寄ってもらう «for » .h ve A d wn 〈階下の人が 〉A 〈階上の人 〉を下に呼ぶ ; 【(田舎 南にある )家などに /夕食などのために 】A 〈人 〉を招待する «to /for » .h ve A d wn as B ⦅主に英 ⦆(特に実際にはそうではないが )A 〈人 〉をてっきりB 〈ある種の人 〉と思い込む (!進行形 受け身にしない ) .have h d it ⦅くだけた話 ⦆1 〈物が 〉 (古くて 壊れて )もう使えない .2 疲れ果てている .3 生存の可能性がない, もうだめである .4 (自分の行為が原因で )ひどい目にあう [大変な ]ことになる .5 «…は » もうたくさんだ, うんざりだ «with » (!時にhave had it up to hereの形で ) .h ve [⦅英 ⦆have g t ] A n [in A ]1 19 .2 (仕事のため家 事務所などに )A 〈職人 医師など 〉を呼んでいる (!受け身にしない ) .3 27 .4 A 〈食料 物など 〉を (家に )蓄えてある, 〈店が 〉Aを仕入れてある (!進行形 受け身にしない ) .h ve it 1 うわさ 報告 人などが 〉 «…だと » 言う ; 〈人が 〉 «…と » 聞いている ; will it 主張する, 言い張る «(that )節 » Rumor has it Georgia is going to quit her job .うわさによるとジョージアは仕事をやめるそうだ as a Chinese saying has it 中国のことわざにあるように have it on good authority that しかるべき筋から …と聞いている .2 ⦅話 ⦆(答えなどが )わかる, 思いつく (成句 I've got it! ).3 ⦅話 ⦆〖命令形で; H- it 食べなさい, 飲みなさい (12 ).4 (投票などで )勝つ .5 ⦅話 ⦆ «…より » 優れている «(all )over » .6 ⦅話 ⦆しかられる, 罰せられる let A have it A 〈人 〉をしかる .h ve it aw y ⦅英俗 ⦆【人と 】セックスをする, よろしくやる «with » (!しばしばおどけて ) .h ve it aw y (on one's t es )⦅英話 ⦆急いで立ち去る, ずらかる .h ve [⦅英 ⦆have g t ] it [that ] c ming (to one )⦅話 ⦆(通例不快な出来事について )〈人が 〉自分で招いた事態である .h ve [⦅英 ⦆have g t ] it n for A in .h ve t in one ⦅くだけて ⦆ «…する » (思わぬ )能力 [力量, 決断力, 勇気 ]がある «to do » .h ve it ff ⦅英俗 ⦆【人と 】(道ならぬ )セックスをする, 不倫する «with » .h ve it [things ] ut ⦅くだけて ⦆(気の済むまで議論して )【人との 】いさかいを解決する «with » .h ve [⦅主に英 ⦆have g t ] n thing [s mething ] on A 1 A 〈人 物 〉に勝るものがまったくない [多少はある ].2 have A on B .h ve A ff 1 A 〈明かり 暖房など 〉を消す .2 A 〈期間など 〉の休みをとる, A 〈時期 〉を休む .h ve A n ⦅英 くだけて ⦆(冗談で )A 〈人 〉をかつぐ, からかう (!通例進行形で ) .h ve [⦅主に英 ⦆have g t ] A n (!進行形 受け身にしない ) 1 A 〈服 帽子など 〉を身につけている, 着ている (!have [⦅主に英 ⦆have got ] on Aも可能だが ⦅比較的まれ ⦆) (dress 類義 )have nothing [no clothes ] on not have anything on 何も身につけていない (≒be wearing nothing ).2 A テレビ ラジオ 洗濯機など 〉をつけっぱなしにしている have the radio on all day 1日中ラジオをつけっぱなしにしている (≒have the radio going [working ] … )(19 )3 A 〈事 〉の予定が入っている have a lot on とても忙しい (!Aはa lot, nothing, something, anything, too muchなど ) What do you have on (for ) this evening? 今晩の予定はどうなっていますか .h ve [⦅主に英 ⦆have g t ] A on B ⦅くだけて ⦆B 〈人など 〉にとって不利なA 〈事 〉を握っている (!(1 )受け身 進行形にしない. (2 )Aはnothing, anything, something; Aの部分を問うwhat疑問文が可能 ) have nothing on Tom not have anything on Tom トムの悪事については何もつかんでいない .h ve A on one A 〈物 〉を携帯している, (今 )持っている (!進行形にしない ) .h ve nly to do only have to do .h ve A ut 1 〈(歯 )医者が 〉 (手術で )A 〈歯 〉を抜く, 〈虫垂 扁桃腺 へんとうせん など 〉を切る, 取る (19 )have [╳get ] one's tooth out 歯を抜く 2 have it [things ] out .h ve to do have g t to do (!発音に注意; have to /hǽftə /; has to /hǽstə /; had to /hǽttə /; have got to /həvɡɑ́tə |-ɡɔ́tə /; 前に強勢のある語がくるとhaveは通例無強勢となる ) .語法 コーパス have toとhave got to 1 ⦅くだけて ⦆ではhave toの代わりにhave got toが用いられることがあるが, より強意的な言い方 ((1 ) 語法 (1 )). have got toは ⦅話 ⦆を中心に用いられ, ⦅英 ⦆で好まれるものの ⦅米 ⦆でも次第に用いられるようになってきている. なお, have got toの形は現在形か過去形で用いられるのに対し, have toはto不定詞を始め完了形 進行形 -ing形にも現れる.⦅くだけた話 ⦆ではhave got toはgotta /ɡɑ́tə |ɡɔ́tə /となることがある .2 現在形 ▸ I have [⦅くだけて ⦆I've got ] to take the exam .私はその試験を受けなければならない ▸ I don't have [⦅話 ⦆I haven't got , ╳I haven't ] to take the exam .私はその試験を受ける必要はない Do you have [⦅主に英話 まれ Have you got ] to take the exam? 君はその試験を受けなければならないのですか 3 過去形 ▸ I had [⦅主に英話 まれ had got ] to take the exam .私はその試験を受けなければならなかった (!had toではその行為が行われたことを含意するが, had got toでは実際に行われたかどうかは不明 ) ▸ I didn't have [⦅主に英話 まれ I hadn't got ] to take the exam .私はその試験を受ける必要はなかった Did you have [⦅主に英話 まれ Had you got ] to take the exam? 君はその試験を受けなければならなかったのですか .1 (客観的判断として )…しなければならない, …せざるを得ない ; …することが大切だ (!(1 )mustとの違いは must 1 助動詞 1 類義 . (2 )話し手の客観的判断を表すことから, 譲歩や主張を強調する表現として使われる; actually 読解のポイント ) ▸ I have to do some homework .宿題をしなければならない (≒I have some homework to do. ; 9 )▸ Somebody's going to have to pay for it .だれかがそれを払わなければならない You don't have to bring your lunch .お弁当は持ってこなくてもよろしい (!(1 )not have toは禁止ではなく不必要を表すことに注意; need 助動詞 1 . (2 )⦅主に米話 ⦆ではYou have to not bring … の形もある ) Everything has to be changed gradually .何でも徐々に変えてゆく必要がある I'm having to find a job .今は仕事を得なければならない (!進行形は一時的な必要性を表す ) You may not want to go, but you'll have to [╳must ].君は行きたくないかもしれないが行かなくてはならないだろう ▸ I shouldn't have to pay for that .私はその代金を支払う必要はないはずだ How many times do I have to tell you? 何度言ったらわかるの (!この場合通例 ╳How often do I …としない ) I have to say [admit, confess ] ⦅話 ⦆…ということを言っておかな [認めな, 白状しな ]ければなりません (!恥ずかしい内容を述べる際の前置きとして; 挿入的にも用いる ) He hated having to explain that .彼はそれを説明しなければならないのが (面倒で )いやだった .語法 1 have to have got to have got toは通例習慣には用いない ▸ I usually have to be in by 6 a.m.私は普通朝6時までに出勤していなければならない (╳ I've usually got to …としない ).また, have toよりもhave got toの方が感情的で差し迫った感じを表す You've got to lend me $20. I'm broke! 20ドルほど貸してくれないかな, 無一文なんだ You've got to be kidding me! 冗談だろう .2 must の代用 mustはそれ自体, 過去形 完了形 進行形 to不定詞 -ing形などの形を持たないので, それらが必要な場合はhave toを用いる. ただし, 時制の一致による場合はthat節中でmustをそのまま過去形として用いる Mr. Benton said I must study hard .ベントン先生は私は一生懸命勉強しなければならないと言った .また, ほかの 助動詞 の直後ではmustの代わりにhave toが用いられる (↑第6例 ).3 have to will have to 未来のことであっても現在の時点で存在する義務にはhave toを用いる ▸ I have to look for a job tomorrow .明日は仕事を探さなければならない .一方, will have to は純粋な未来における義務を表す You'll have to make a decision sooner or later .いずれは決断しなければならない .なお, will have toはmustより遠回しな指示を表すことがある In some areas there are parking meters on the roads ―so you will have to pay to park there .地域によっては道路に駐車メーターがある所があります, ですからそういった所では駐車料金を払う必要があるでしょう .2 (指示 忠告 推薦して )…してください, …した方がいい, …してはどうでしょう Well, first of all, you have to fill out these forms .それではまず, これらの書式に記入してください It tastes just like chicken. You have to try it, Ed .鶏肉のような味がするよ, エド, 味見してみたら .3 である […する ]に違いない (!もとは ⦅米 ⦆だが, 今は ⦅英 ⦆でも一般的になりつつある ) It has to [doesn't have to ] be true .それは本当に違いない [本当であるとは限らない ]The recession has to end soon .不況はまもなく終わるに違いない (!過去の推量を表す時はmust have doneを用いる:You must have [╳have to have ] left it at home. 君はそれを家に置いてきたに違いない ) 4 ⦅話 ⦆(いらだち 驚きなどを表して ) (よりによって )…するなんて Billy, do you have to smoke? ビリー, タバコなんか吸って (やめてくれませんか ).h ve to d with A do 1 .h ve A to d with B do 1 .h ve A to one s lf 〈人が 〉A 〈場所 〉にいる [A 〈物 〉を使っている, A 〈人 〉と話している ]唯一の人である, Aを独占している (!強意のためtoの前にallが添えられることがある ) ▸ I have a bedroom to myself .私は寝室を自分ひとりで使える .h ve A p 1 〈階上の人が 〉A 〈階下の人 〉を上に呼ぶ ; 【(都会 北にある )家などに; 夕食などのために 】A 〈人 〉を招待する «to /for » .2 be had up (↑).have y t to do まだ …していない, これから …しなければならない (have to do ).I'll [I will ] h ve you kn w ⦅くだけた話 ⦆〖時に挿入節で; (that )節 〗(相手を当惑させようと思って )言っておくが, いいか …(21 )I will have you know that Mr. Bean is also my boss! 言っておくが, ビーンさんは私の上司でもあるんだぞ .'ve g t it! ⦅話 ⦆(突然に )わかったぞ ; (相手の指示に対して )わかった ; 私がやります .ju t h ve to do …するしかない We'll just have to see how things go .我々は事態の進展を見守るほかないだろう .l t A h ve it ⦅くだけた話 ⦆A 〈人 〉を痛い目に遭わせる ; «…したことに対して » A 〈人 〉をどなる «for » .L t's h ve it .⦅話 ⦆話し [教え ]てくれ, 聞こうじゃないか .n t have ny (of that )=n t have (ny of ) it be not having [not have ] any (of that ).nly h ve to do 主に書 h ve nly to do (ある目的のためには )ただ …しさえすればいい (!コーパス (1 )have only to do の語順も可能だが2割以下; have just [but ] to do まれ . (2 )後に続く 動詞 はlook atが圧倒的に多く, 以下be, do, sayなど ) You only have to look at the opinion polls to [and ] see that 世論調査さえ見れば …ということがわかる (≒All you have to do is look [かたく is to look ] …).wh t h ve you ⦅話 ⦆など (!同じ種類のほかの物 人を示す; 通例 and what have youの形で ) .You h ve me th re .You've got me there .Y u've been h d .⦅話 ⦆(君は )だまされたんだ, かつがれたんだ, (多めに支払わされて )ぼられたんだ (25 ).助動詞 has /həz, əz , ⦅強 ⦆hæz /; had /həd, əd , ⦅強 ⦆hæd /; having コーパス頻度ランク have +過分 had (助動詞 1a 第2例 )made (助動詞 1b 第5例 )come (助動詞 1a 第1例 )gone (go 1 自動詞 3 )seen (助動詞 1c 第1, 2例, 1d 第3例 )have +過分 には,完了 (助動詞 1a ), 「結果 (助動詞 1b ),「経験 (助動詞 1c ),「継続 (助動詞 1d )の意味がある .1 〖現在完了形 〗have done a. 完了 (ちょうど )…したところだ (!最近完了した過去の行為について現在の立場から述べる; しばしばjust, now; yet, still; at last, finallyなどを伴う ) We have just come [⦅くだけて ⦆just came, まれ have just now come ] back from Paris .我々はちょうどパリから帰って来たところだ (!⦅くだけて ⦆では, 本来現在完了形を用いるような場合でもjust, ever, never, ⦅主に米 ⦆alreadyなどと共に過去形を用いることがある; 現在完了形でjust nowを用いるのは まれ ) ▸ “I've already had lunch. ” “So have I.”「昼食ならもう食べたよ 」「私も食べました 」 (!I've had lunch. だけでもごく最近食べたことを暗示する; I had lunch. はたとえばI had lunch half an hour ago. のように特定の過去の時点に注目することを暗示する; So have I. の文型については so 1 副詞 4a ) ▸ “Have you finished your homework yet? ” “Y s (↘), I h ve (↘). [N (↘), I h ven't (↘).]”「もう宿題は済みましたか 」「はい, 済みました [いいえ, 済んでいません ]」 (!場合によってYes, I finished it at nine. (はい, それなら9時にやり終えました )などのように具体的な時の情報と過去形で答えることも可能 ) .b. 結果 (ある行為 出来事の結果 )…している, …してしまった , した (!過去の行為 出来事が現在の結果に影響を与えていることを表す ) My car has broken down .私の車は故障している (!今もその車が使えないことを暗示; My car broke down. では故障は今では直っている可能性が高いことを暗示 ) She has written a lot of short stories .彼女は多くの短編を書いてきている (!彼女はまだ生きておりまだ執筆活動を続けられることを暗示; She wrote a lot of short stories. ではすでに死んでいることを暗示 ) ▸ I h ven't t ken your pen, I tell you. I haven't t uched it .君のペンを取ってなんかいないってば . さわってもいない (!前者のhaven 't takenでは未完了に重点があるためhaven 'tに, 後者のhaven 't touchedではtakenとの対照を示すためtouchedに第1強勢が置かれる ) You have called your mother, haven't you [かたく have you not ]?お母さんには電話しましたね He must have made a mistake .彼はミスをしてしまったにちがいない c. 経験 …したことがある (!具体的な時に言及せず過去の行為 出来事について現在の立場から振り返って表す; 通例ever, never,times, once, often, before (now ), so farなどを伴って ) I've never seen anything like this (before ).こんなの見たことありません It's the most interesting movie I've ever seen .それは今まで見た中で最もおもしろい映画だ (!最上級でなくthe firstなどの序数, the onlyなどを伴う場合everはないこともある:This is the first time I've (ever ) seen this movie. この映画を見たのはこれが初めてだ ) .コーパスの窓 経験についての応答 ▸ “Have you ever been to Paris?「パリへ行ったことがありますか 」 “Yes, I have /hǽv /.” 「はい, あります 」▸ “Yes, (I've been [I was ] there ) once.ええ, 1度 (行ったことがあります )」▸ “No, I haven't /hǽvnt / [never have,have never ].”いいえ, ありません 」▸ “No, I haven't [I've never ] been to Paris.いいえ, パリには行ったことがありません 」▸ “No. But I'd like to.いいえ . でも行きたいですね 」▸ “No. Have you?いいえ . あなたは 」d. 継続 …している , …してきた (!(1 )過去のある時点から現在まで行為が継続 中断していることを表す. (2 )通例期間を表す表現を伴う. (3 )動作動詞の場合は通例現在完了進行形で用いる; ↓第2 , 5例 , 語法 (4 )) I've lived here for five years .私はここにこれまで5年間住んでいる (!(1 )現在もまだ住んでいることを示すが, I've been living here for five years. では, 発話の時点でまだその行為が継続している途中で, さらに今後も続く可能性が高いことを暗示する. (2 )I lived here for five years. (私は5年間ここに住んでいた )ではある過去の5年間ここに住んでいたが今は住んでいないことを, I am here for five years. (私は5年間ここにいる )では予定を示す. (3 )╳I've ever lived here for five years. としない; ever 副詞 1 作文のポイント ) ▸ Greg has been watching TV since 6 o'clock .グレッグは6時からずっとテレビを見ている ▸ I haven't [かたく I have not, ⦅比較的まれ ⦆I've not ] seen Carol lately .最近キャロルに会っていない ▸ “How long have you known [╳do you know ] Ken? ” “(I've known him for ) two years. [I met him in 1999. ]”「健とは知り合いになってどのくらいですか 」「2年になります [彼に会ったのは1999年です ]」 (!明確な過去の時点を示すときは後者のように過去形を用いる ) Ann has been calling you all morning .午前中ずっとアンから君に電話がかかってきている (!現在完了進行形で現在に至るまでの行為の繰り返しを表す ) .語法 現在完了形 過去形と現在完了形 過去形が過去から現在までの過程を無視して過去の時点にのみ注目する言い方であるのに対して, 現在完了形は過去の行為 出来事を現在と関連付けて述べる言い方. 便宜上, 上記の a d の4つに分けて扱っているが, 明確な区別が難しいこともある. 同じ過去の行為 出来事でも, 視点や状況によって過去形と現在完了形が使い分けられる ▸ I haven't seen John this morning .今朝はジョンに会っていない (!現在までの状況を述べる言い方で今もまだ午前中 ) ▸ I didn't see John this morning .今朝はジョンに会わなかった (!今はもう午前中ではない ) My alarm clock didn't go off this morning .目覚ましは今朝鳴らなかった (!発話時より前の特定の時間に鳴ることを想定していたので, 今がまだ午前中でも過去形 ) .現在完了形は出来事を過去のものとして扱っている歴史書 物語などでは用いられず, ニュース放送 新聞 手紙など, 過去の出来事を現在と関連付ける文脈で好まれる .完了形と時の表現 現在完了形は特定の過去の時を想定しない言い方なので, yesterday, two days ago, last week [month, year ], in 2001, at Christmas, then, at that time, when I was a childなどのような過去の明確な時を示す副詞 (句 )とは用いず, since, before (now ), so far (this morning ), up to [till ] now, in the past, It's the first time … など過去のある時点と現在とを結び付ける表現と用いる. また, now, today, this week [month, year ], this morning [afternoon, evening ]などは, 過去に限定された副詞句ではないので現在完了で使用可能. 一方, ⦅話 ⦆では時の表現が省略されることも多い Have you seen Titanic ?『タイタニック 』を見ましたか .時の表現が省略されると, その出来事が遠い過去のものかごく最近のものかがあいまいになるが, 時に関してよりくわしい情報を示す必要がある時は過去形を用いる. たとえば, 上の質問には次のように返答可能 Yes, I saw [╳have seen ] it when I was 18 .ええ, 18歳の時見ました ちなみに, 過去形で Did you see Titanic ?と聞くと, 映画の上映期間はすでに終了していることを暗示する .現在完了形と頻度の表現 always, often, frequently; three [several ] times; regularlyなど, 頻度の副詞 (句 )と共に繰り返しや習慣的な行為を示す ▸ I 've seen her on TV several times .彼女を何度かテレビで見たことがある (!再び見ることを予期している ) They 've always answered my e-mail .彼らはいつも私の電子メールに返事をくれている .現在完了進行形 現在完了進行形は過去に始まり現在も継続中か, たった今終わった行為を表すが, learn, lie, live, rain, sit, sleep, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, workなど一定期間続くことが前提となる 動詞 としばしば用いる .現在完了形と動詞 know, believe, understandは継続用法やneverやeverを伴った経験用法以外, 現在完了形は避けられる (know 他動詞 7a , never 副詞 1a )▸ I 've known her since I was a child .私は子供のころから彼女とは知り合いです Did you know [╳Have you known ] that he was going to be a lawyer? 彼が弁護士志望なのを知ってましたか .一方, think, wonderは経験の意で現在完了形が可能 .e. 〖未来完了の代用 〗 (!条件を表す副詞節 (when, after, before, until, till, ifなどで始まる節 )では未来完了の代わりに現在完了を用いる ) After you have finished, compare your answer with those of your classmates .終わったら, 自分の答えをクラスメートの答えと比べなさい If she has passed, her parents will be delighted .もし彼女が合格すれば, 彼女のご両親は喜ぶであろう .2 〖過去完了形 〗had done a. 〖過去の出来事の順序比較 〗(その時すでに )…していた ; …したことがあった Carol had left when I got home .私が家に着いたときにはキャロルはすでに出ていた (!(1 )Carol left when I got home. では, 到着と同時か直後に出たことを示す. (2 )過去完了形で順序を明示していれば発生順に述べる必要はない; 語法 (3 )) ▸ I got home quickly, but Carol had already left .急いで帰宅したが, キャロルはすでに出ていた Ally loved Italy. She had never been there before .アリーはイタリアが好きだった . 彼女はそこへ行ったことはなかったが The fire had happened at 10:30 .火事は10時30分の時点ですでに起こっていた (!現在完了形と違って明確な過去を示す 副詞 と使用可能 ) Nell had lived there for ten years .(その時点で )ネルはそこに10年間住んでいた (!過去のある時点まで継続してきたことを示す ) John had painted [been painting ] the wall .(その時点で )ジョンは壁にペンキを塗っていた [塗っているところだった ] (!had paintedではある程度時間が経っていることを暗示するが, had been paintingではそれほど時間は経っていなくてその時点でペンキはまだ乾いていないことを暗示 ) .語法 過去完了形 過去完了形は2つの過去の出来事の順序を明示する時に用いる. 比較の対象となる出来事がない場合, 大昔の出来事であっても過去形を用いる Cleopatra died [╳had died ] in 30 b.c.クレオパトラは紀元前30年に死んだ .過去完了形は物語 伝記 レポート 証言など, 出来事の前後関係の確立が重視される文脈で好まれる .副詞 との関係 現在完了形と関係の深いalready, ever, for, just, never (… before ), sinceなどの 副詞 としばしば用いられる (!過去完了形ではyetも可能だがuntil then, by that timeなどの方が好まれる; yet 副詞 3 b ) .過去完了形を用いなくてもよい場合 after, before, until, tillなどの 接続詞 や関係詞を含んで, 出来事の前後関係が明確な文脈では, 早く起きた方の出来事に必ずしも過去完了形を用いる必要はない ▸ I bought the house after my husband died [had died ].私はその家を夫が死んだ後で買った She wore the ring her husband gave [had given ] to her .彼女は夫がくれた指輪をしていた (!had givenの方が 「前もってくれていた 」ということを強調 ) .一方, 出来事の前後関係を強く意識しない場合は通例過去形で済まされる ▸ I was happy because I graduated .私は卒業してうれしかった .また, 過去の出来事を発生順に列挙する場合も過去形を用いるのが普通 ▸ I opened the door, went over to him and showed him the letter .私はドアを開け, 彼のところへ行って, その手紙を見せた .なお, no sooner … thanやhardly [scarcely, barely ] … whenなどの表現では通例主節に過去完了形が用いられることに注意 .未実現を表す過去 一方の行為が終わらないうちにもう一方の行為が始まったことを強調する際に, 実現されなかった前者の行為について過去完了形を用いる (c )One student started shouting before the speaker had said a word .発表者が一言も話さないうちに1人の学生が大声をあげ始めた .b. 〖時制の一致 〗 (!現在完了形が時制の一致のため過去完了形となる ) Peter said that he had lived in Chicago for 10 years .ピーターはシカゴに住んで10年になると言っていた (!Peter said,I've lived in …”を間接話法にしたもの ) ▸ Lizzy was excited because she had never ridden a roller-coaster before .リジーはジェットコースターに乗ったことがなかったので興奮していた (!Lizzy is excited because she has never … を過去にしたもの ) .c. 仮定法 If I had known [かたく Had I known ] that, I would never have come here .もしそれを私が知っていたらここには来なかったであろうに ▸ I wish I had become a pilot .パイロットになっていればよかったのにと思う .d. 〖未達成の希望 〗 (!expect, hope, mean, suppose, think, wantなどの 動詞 と共に未達成の希望を表す ) They had expected a girl, but it was a boy .(生まれてくる子について )彼らは女の子が欲しかったが, 男の子だった .e. 〖完結を強調 〗 (!過去の行為の完結を強調する ) ▸ I began visiting castles in 1995, and by 2001 I had visited more than 100 .1995年に城の見学を始め, 2001年には100回を超える見学を果たした .3 〖未来完了形 〗will have done (未来のある時点までに )して (しまって )いるだろう (!(1 )未来のある時を基準としてある行為 出来事が完了していることを表す. (2 )一人称主語では まれ にwillの代わりにshallが用いられることがある ) ▸ Things will have changed by 2010 .2010年までに事態は変化しているだろう (語法 (1 ))▸ I will have been an actor (for ) 20 years next April .今度の4月で俳優になって20年になる (!現在進行中の内容を未来のある時点から見る ) .語法 1 時の表現 しばしば未来に関する時間上の制限を表すby, not till [until ] … などの表現と完了時点に言及するbuild, complete, finishなどの 動詞 と用いる (by 前置詞 6 類義 (1 )).2 主節動詞 believe, expect, hope, supposeなど未来を予想する 動詞 の従属節の中にしばしば現れる ▸ I hope things will have changed by 2010 .2010年までに事態が変化していればいいがと思う .4 a. would /⦅主に英 ⦆should have done した […であった ]であろうに ; could have done …できたであろうに (!いずれも仮定法過去完了形; くわしくは各 助動詞 の項を参照 ) .b. should /ought to have done …すべきであったのに (しなかった ); must have done すでに … してしまっていなければならない ; ⦅英 ⦆need not have done …する必要はなかったのに (した ) (!くわしくはそれぞれの 助動詞 の項を参照 ) .c. must /should /ought to /may /might /can /could have done (!可能性 推量を表す 助動詞 と共に完了形を作って発話時から見た過去の推量を表す; くわしくは各 助動詞 の項を参照 ) Richard must have been joking when he said that .リチャードがそう言ったのは冗談を言っていたに違いない .語法 コーパス 助動詞 have done の短縮形 上記 a c の用法では, ⦅くだけて ⦆において 助動詞 とhaveが短縮されて 助動詞 +'veが用いられることがある. また, ⦅非標準 書 ⦆では発音をもとにwould of, could of, should of, might of, may of, ought to ofなどが用いられることがある .5 〖完了不定詞 完了分詞 完了動名詞として 〗 (!述語動詞より前の時を表す ) I'm sorry to have kept you waiting .お待たせして申し訳ありません (≒I'm sorry that I have kept you waiting. )▸ I was hoping to have gotten e-mail from Mark by now .今ごろまでにはマークから電子メールが届くことと思っていた (が届かなかった ) (!完了不定詞がought toや過去形のhope, intend, think, supposeなどの後で用いられると, 実現されなかった行為を表す ) H ving written the ssay (↗), the boy was all wed to g h me (↘).作文を書いて, その子は帰宅を許された It is foolish of you not to have checked a dictionary .辞書を調べなかったのは愚かなことだ (≒It is foolish that you didn't check a dictionary. )It is still warm after having been heated by the sun .それは太陽に暖められていまだに暖かいままだ .6 ⦅主に英 ⦆〖付加疑問文 〗a. 〖状態動詞用法 〗He's (got ) a gun, hasn't he? 彼は銃を持っていますね (!(1 )⦅米 ⦆ ⦅英 ⦆ともに用いられるのは …, doesn't he? (2 )動作動詞用法ではdoを用いる:We had a very good time, didn't we [╳hadn't we ]? 楽しかったですね ) .b. got to do He's got to do it himself, hasn't he? 彼はそれを自分自身でやらなければなりませんね (!⦅米 ⦆ ⦅英 ⦆ともに用いられるのはHe has to do it himself, doesn't he? ) .have g ne to A go 1 自動詞 3 .have g t 他動詞 1 ~, 10 ; 19 , 20c , 24 ; 28 .have g t to have to .名詞 /hæv C /1 ⦅くだけて ⦆〖通例the s; 複数扱い 〗(富を )持っている人々 , 持てる者 ; (核 資源 情報 技術などの )持てる国 be divided into (the ) haves and have-nots 持てる者 [国 ]と持たざる者 [国 ]に分かれる (!intoの後ではしばしばtheが省略される ) You're a “have person .あなたは持てる者だ .2 ⦅英俗 ⦆詐欺 (swindle ).

 

haven

ha ven /héɪv (ə )n /名詞 C 1 【人 動物の 】安息地, 避難場所 (shelter ) «for , of » ▸ Schools are no longer a safe haven for kids .学校は今や子供にとって安全な居場所ではなくなった 2 ⦅古 文 ⦆港 (⦅よりくだけて ⦆harbor ).

 

have-not

h ve-n t 名詞 C 〖通例the s; 複数扱い 〗資産を持っていない人々, 貧困層 ; (核兵器などを )持たざる国 (!havesは 「資産を持つ裕福な人々 」; have 名詞 1 ) .

 

haven't

have n't /hǽv (ə )nt / (!⦅くだけて ⦆) have notの短縮形 .

 

haversack

hav er sack /hǽvə r sæ̀k /名詞 C ⦅主に英 やや古 ⦆(背中 肩に掛ける )キャンバス地のかばん .