The Wordsmith Dictionary

civ il en gi neer |ˈsɪvɪl ˌɛnʤəˈnɪ (ə )r | ▶noun an engineer who designs and maintains roads, bridges, dams, and similar structures. DERIVATIVES civ il en gi neer ing noun

civilian

ci vil ian |səˈvilyən səˈvɪljən | ▶noun a person not in the armed services or the police force. ▶adjective of, denoting, or relating to a person not belonging to the armed services or police: military agents in civilian clothes. ORIGIN late Middle English (denoting a practitioner of civil law ): from Old French civilien, in the phrase droit civilien ‘civil law. ’ The current sense arose in the early 19th cent.

civilianize

ci vil ian ize |səˈvilyəˌnīz səˈvɪljənaɪz | ▶verb [ with obj. ] make (something ) nonmilitary in character or function. DERIVATIVES ci vil ian i za tion |səˌvilyənəˈzāSHən |noun

civility

ci vil i ty |səˈvilətē səˈvɪlədi | ▶noun ( pl. civilities ) formal politeness and courtesy in behavior or speech: I hope we can treat each other with civility and respect. • (civilities ) polite remarks used in formal conversation: she was exchanging civilities with his mother. ORIGIN late Middle English: from Old French civilite, from Latin civilitas, from civilis ‘relating to citizens ’ (see civil ). In early use the term denoted the state of being a citizen and hence good citizenship or orderly behavior. The sense ‘politeness ’ arose in the mid 16th cent.

civilization

civ i li za tion |ˌsivələˈzāSHən ˌsɪvələˈzeɪʃən | ▶noun the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced: they equated the railroad with progress and civilization. • the process by which a society or place reaches this stage. • the society, culture, and way of life of a particular area: the great books of Western civilization | the early civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt. • the comfort and convenience of modern life, regarded as available only in towns and cities: the fur traders moved further and further from civilization.

civilize

civ i lize |ˈsivəˌlīz ˈsɪvəˌlaɪz | ▶verb [ with obj. ] (usu. as adj. civilized ) bring (a place or people ) to a stage of social, cultural, and moral development considered to be more advanced: a civilized society. • (as adj. civilized ) polite and well-mannered: such an affront to civilized behavior will no longer be tolerated. DERIVATIVES civ i liz er noun ORIGIN early 17th cent.: from French civiliser, from civil ‘civil. ’

civil law

civ il law |ˈsɪvɪl lɔ | ▶noun the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs. Contrasted with criminal law. • the system of law predominant on the European continent and of which a form is in force in Louisiana, historically influenced by the codes of ancient Rome. Compare with common law.

civil liberty

civ il lib er ty |ˈsɪvɪl ˈlɪbərdi | ▶noun the state of being subject only to laws established for the good of the community, esp. with regard to freedom of action and speech. • (civil liberties ) individual rights protected by law from unjust governmental or other interference. DERIVATIVES civ il lib er tar i an noun

Civil List

Civil List ▶noun (in the UK ) a fixed annual allowance voted by Parliament to meet the official expenses incurred by the Queen in her role as head of state.

civil marriage

civ il mar riage |ˈsɪvɪl ˈmɛrɪʤ | ▶noun a marriage solemnized as a civil contract without religious ceremony.

civil rights

civ il rights |ˌsɪvɪl ˈraɪts | ▶plural noun the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.

civil servant

civ il serv ant |ˈˌsɪvɪl ˈsərvənt | ▶noun a member of the civil service.

civil service

civ il serv ice |ˈˌsɪvɪl ˈsərvəs | ▶noun the permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians. ORIGIN late 18th cent.: originally applied to the part of the service of the British East India Company conducted by staff who did not belong to the army or navy.

civil state

civil state ▶noun Brit. the state of being single, married, divorced, or widowed; a person's marital status.

civil union

civil un ion ▶noun a legally recognized union of a same-sex couple, with rights similar to those of marriage.

civil war

civ il war |ˌsɪvɪl ˈwɔ (ə )r | ▶noun a war between citizens of the same country. See also American Civil War, English Civil War, Spanish Civil War.

civil wrong

civ il wrong ▶noun Law an infringement of a person's rights, such as a tort or breach of contract.

civil year

civ il year ▶noun see year ( sense 2 ).

Oxford Dictionary

civil

civil |ˈsɪv (ə )l, -ɪl | ▶adjective 1 [ attrib. ] relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns, as distinct from military or ecclesiastical matters: civil aviation. • (of conflict ) occurring between citizens of the same country: civil strife. • Law relating to private relations between members of a community; non-criminal: a civil action | a civil court. • Law relating to civil law. 2 courteous and polite: they were comparatively civil to their daughter | they try to work out their differences in a civil manner. 3 (of time ) fixed by custom or law rather than being natural or astronomical: civil twilight. DERIVATIVES civilly adverb ORIGIN late Middle English: via Old French from Latin civilis, from civis ‘citizen ’.

civil commitment

civil commotion

civil com |mo ¦tion ▶noun English Law a riot or similar disturbance.

civil conviction

civ il con vic tion ▶noun (in military use ) a current or former criminal conviction, under civil law, of an enlisted person.

civil court

civ il court ▶noun a court dealing with noncriminal cases.

civil death

civ il death ▶noun rare or chiefly historical the loss of a citizen's privileges through life imprisonment, banishment, etc.

civil defence

civil de |fence ▶noun [ mass noun ] the organization and training of civilians to be prepared for attacks in wartime.

civil disobedience

civil dis |obedi ¦ence ▶noun [ mass noun ] the refusal to comply with certain laws considered unjust, as a peaceful form of political protest.

civil engineer

civil en ¦gin |eer ▶noun an engineer who designs and maintains roads, bridges, dams, and similar structures. DERIVATIVES civil engineering noun

civilian

ci ¦vil |ian |sɪˈvɪlj (ə )n | ▶noun a person not in the armed services or the police force. ▶adjective relating to civilians: civilian clothes. ORIGIN late Middle English (denoting a practitioner of civil law ): from Old French civilien, in the phrase droit civilien ‘civil law ’. The current sense arose in the early 19th cent.

civilianize

civilianize |sɪˈvɪlj (ə )nʌɪz |(also civilianise ) ▶verb [ with obj. ] make (something ) non-military in character or function. DERIVATIVES civilianization |-ˈzeɪʃ (ə )n |noun

civility

ci ¦vil |ity |sɪˈvɪlɪti | ▶noun ( pl. civilities ) [ mass noun ] formal politeness and courtesy in behaviour or speech: I hope we can treat each other with civility and respect. • (civilities ) polite remarks used in formal conversation: she was exchanging civilities with his mother. ORIGIN late Middle English: from Old French civilite, from Latin civilitas, from civilis ‘relating to citizens ’ (see civil ). In early use the term denoted the state of being a citizen and hence good citizenship or orderly behaviour. The sense ‘politeness ’ arose in the mid 16th cent.

civilization

civilization |ˌsɪvɪlʌɪˈzeɪʃ (ə )n |(also civilisation ) ▶noun [ mass noun ] the stage of human social development and organization which is considered most advanced: the Victorians equated the railways with progress and civilization. • the process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of social development and organization. • the society, culture, and way of life of a particular area: the great books of Western civilization | [ count noun ] : the early civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt. • the comfort and convenience of modern life, regarded as available only in towns and cities: in the UK nowhere is very far from civilization.

civilize

civilize |ˈsɪvɪlʌɪz |(also civilise ) ▶verb [ with obj. ] (usu. as adj. civilized ) bring (a place or people ) to a stage of social development considered to be more advanced: a civilized society. • (as adj. civilized ) polite and good-mannered: such an affront to civilized behaviour will no longer be tolerated. DERIVATIVES civilizer noun ORIGIN early 17th cent.: from French civiliser, from civil ‘civil ’.

civil law

civil law ▶noun [ mass noun ] 1 the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs. Contrasted with criminal law. 2 the system of law predominant on the European continent, historically influenced by that of ancient Rome. Compare with common law.

civil liberty

civil lib |erty ▶noun [ mass noun ] the state of being subject only to laws established for the good of the community, especially with regard to freedom of action and speech. • (civil liberties ) a person's rights to be subject only to laws established for the good of the community. DERIVATIVES civil libertarian noun

Civil List

Civil List ▶noun (in the UK ) a fixed annual allowance voted by Parliament to meet the official expenses incurred by the Queen in her role as head of state.

civil marriage

civil mar |riage ▶noun a marriage solemnized as a civil contract without religious ceremony.

civil parish

civil par ¦ish ▶noun see parish.

civil partnership

civil partnership (also chiefly US civil union ) ▶noun (in some countries ) a legally recognized union of a same-sex couple, with rights similar to those of marriage.

civil rights

civil rights ▶plural noun the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.

civil servant

civil ser |vant ▶noun a member of the civil service.

civil service

civil ser |vice ▶noun the permanent professional branches of a state's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians. ORIGIN late 18th cent.: originally applied to the part of the work of the British East India Company performed by staff who did not belong to the army or navy.

civil state

civil state ▶noun Brit. the state of being single, married, divorced, or widowed; a person's marital status.

civil war

civil war ▶noun a war between citizens of the same country.

civil wrong

civil wrong ▶noun Law an infringement of a person's rights, especially a tort.

civil year

civil year ▶noun see year ( sense 2 ).

American Oxford Thesaurus

civil

civil adjective 1 a civil marriage: secular, nonreligious, lay; formal laic. ANTONYMS religious. 2 civil aviation: nonmilitary, civilian. ANTONYMS military. 3 a civil war: internal, domestic, interior, national. ANTONYMS international, foreign. 4 he behaved in a civil manner: polite, courteous, well-mannered, well-bred, chivalrous, gallant; cordial, genial, pleasant, affable; gentlemanly, ladylike. ANTONYMS discourteous, rude.

civilian

civilian noun family members and other civilians were quickly evacuated from the post: noncombatant, nonmilitary person, ordinary citizen, private citizen; informal civvy.

civility

civility noun 1 he treated me with civility: courtesy, courteousness, politeness, good manners, graciousness, consideration, respect, politesse, comity. ANTONYMS disrespect, rudeness. 2 she didn't waste time on civilities: polite remark, politeness, courtesy; formality.

civilization

civilization noun 1 a higher stage of civilization: human development, advancement, progress, enlightenment, culture, refinement, sophistication. 2 ancient civilizations: culture, society, nation, people.

civilize

civilize verb they were trying to civilize people who strongly resented the intrusion: enlighten, edify, improve, educate, instruct, refine, cultivate, polish, socialize, humanize.

civilized

civilized adjective his civilized behavior | a civilized society: polite, courteous, well-mannered, civil, gentlemanly, ladylike, mannerly; cultured, cultivated, refined, polished, sophisticated; enlightened, educated, advanced, developed. ANTONYMS rude, unsophisticated.

civil servant

civil servant noun her first position as a civil servant was in the town hall, issuing dog licenses: public servant, government official; bureaucrat, official, administrator, functionary, mandarin; informal apparatchik, bean counter, paper shuffler.

Oxford Thesaurus

civil

civil adjective 1 a civil marriage ceremony: secular, non-religious, lay, non-ecclesiastic; rare laic, laical. ANTONYMS religious. 2 civil aviation: non-military, civilian. ANTONYMS military. 3 a civil war | the civil administration: internal, domestic, interior, home; national, state, local. ANTONYMS foreign, international. 4 a sense of civil duty: civic, municipal, public, community, social. 5 I hope you're going to behave in a civil manner: polite, courteous, well mannered, well bred, gentlemanly, chivalrous, gallant, ladylike, gracious, respectful; refined, urbane, polished, cultured, cultivated, civilized, cordial, genial, pleasant, affable, obliging; Brit. informal decent; dated mannerly. ANTONYMS rude, discourteous. CHOOSE THE RIGHT WORD civil, polite, courteous See polite . These notes show fine distinctions in meaning between closely related synonyms to help you find the best word.

civilian

civilian noun the slaughter of unarmed civilians: non-military person, non-combatant, ordinary citizen, private citizen; informal civvy. ▶adjective civilian casualties | civilian clothes: non-military, non-combatant, civil; informal civvy.

civility

civility noun 1 he treated me with the utmost civility: courtesy, courteousness, politeness, good manners, mannerliness, gentlemanliness, chivalry, gallantry, graciousness, consideration, respect, gentility; urbanity, cordiality, geniality, pleasantness, affability; French politesse; rare comity. ANTONYMS discourtesy, rudeness. 2 she didn't waste time on civilities: polite remark, politeness, courtesy; formality.

civilization

civilization noun 1 a higher stage of civilization: human development, advancement, progress, enlightenment, edification, culture, cultivation, refinement, sophistication. 2 the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean: culture, customs, mores, way of life, attainments, achievements; society, nation, people, community.

civilize

civilize verb he built roads and attempted to civilize the people: enlighten, edify, educate, instruct, refine, cultivate, polish, sophisticate, socialize, humanize; improve, better; archaic reclaim; rare acculturate.

civilized

civilized adjective his civilized behaviour | a civilized society: polite, courteous, well mannered, good mannered, civil, decorous, gentlemanly, ladylike, gracious; cultured, cultivated, refined, polished, sophisticated, urbane; enlightened, educated, advanced, developed; informal couth; dated mannerly. ANTONYMS uncivilized, unsophisticated.

civil servant

civil servant noun public servant, government official, government worker, civil-service employee; bureaucrat, mandarin, official, administrator, office-holder, functionary; Brit. jack-in-office.

French Dictionary

civil

civil , ile adj. et n. m. et f. adjectif 1 Relatif à l ’ensemble des citoyens d ’un État. : Les droits civils. Le Code civil. Note Technique Le recueil des lois relatives au droit civil s ’écrit avec une majuscule initiale, l ’adjectif s ’écrit avec une minuscule. 2 littéraire Affable. 3 Qui n ’est pas religieux. : Un mariage civil. nom masculin et féminin Personne qui n ’est pas militaire. : Un civil, une civile. LOCUTIONS Année civile. Période de douze mois comprise entre le 1 er janvier et le 31 décembre. État civil. Ensemble des qualités propres à une personne physique, telles que le nom, la date et le lieu de naissance, le sexe, la nationalité et l ’état matrimonial (GDT ). : Au Québec, le système des registres d ’état civil et le système religieux des paroisses se sont croisés pour donner une double tenue de registres. SYNONYME situation de famille . Note Sémantique Ne pas confondre avec la locution état matrimonial, situation légale d ’une personne au regard du mariage. FORME FAUTIVE statut civil. Calque de « civil status » pour état civil.

civilement

civilement adv. adverbe 1 droit Selon le droit civil. : Se marier civilement. 2 littéraire Avec politesse. : Ils nous ont remerciés bien civilement.

civilisateur

civilisateur , trice adj. et n. m. et f. adjectif et nom masculin et féminin Qui aide au progrès de la civilisation.

civilisation

civilisation n. f. nom féminin Développement des caractères propres à la vie intellectuelle, morale, artistique et matérielle d ’une société. : La civilisation grecque.

civilisé

civilisé , ée adj. et n. m. et f. adjectif et nom masculin et féminin Qui jouit de la civilisation. : Un peuple civilisé. SYNONYME raffiné .

civiliser

civiliser v. tr. , pronom. verbe transitif Contribuer à la civilisation d ’un groupe, d ’un pays. S ’apprivoiser, acquérir une culture considérée comme plus évoluée. Note Grammaticale À la forme pronominale, le participe passé de ce verbe s ’accorde toujours en genre et en nombre avec son sujet. Ces adolescents se sont civilisés progressivement. aimer

civiliste

civiliste n. m. et f. nom masculin et féminin Spécialiste du droit civil.

civilité

civilité n. f. nom féminin vieilli Politesse. : Ces personnes manquent de civilité. SYNONYME courtoisie . LOCUTION Titre de civilité. Les titres de civilité les plus courants sont Monsieur, Madame dont les abréviations sont M., M me . tableau – correspondance. Note Technique Le titre de Mademoiselle tend à être remplacé par celui de Madame, sans égard à la situation de famille de la personne.

Spanish Dictionary

civil

civil adjetivo 1 De la ciudadanía o de los ciudadanos (habitantes de un estado ), o relacionado con ellos :vida civil; cuerpo de protección civil; luchar por los derechos civiles .2 Que no es eclesiástico o religioso :arquitectura civil; casarse por lo civil .3 Que no es militar :ingeniero civil; industria aeronáutica civil; se le acusa de ataques injustificados contra la población civil y de la destrucción de instalaciones civiles .4 adjetivo /nombre común [persona ] Que no es militar :varios civiles resultaron muertos en el primer ataque a la capital yugoslava .5 adjetivo [persona ] Que es sociable y trata a las personas con urbanidad y atención .6 nombre común Esp coloquial Miembro de la guardia civil :los civiles estaban en su puesto cuando los necesitaron .7 adjetivo der De las relaciones e intereses privados en orden al estado de las personas, régimen de la familia, condición de los bienes y los contratos, o que tiene relación con ellos :derecho civil; contrato civil; leyes civiles . VÉASE código civil; día civil; estado civil; guerra civil; matrimonio civil; registro civil . ETIMOLOGÍA Préstamo (s. xii ) del latín civilis ‘propio del ciudadano ’, ‘político ’; a partir del siglo xv desarrolla las acepciones modernas. De la familia etimológica de ciudad (V.).

civilidad

civilidad nombre femenino Comportamiento de la persona que cumple con sus deberes de ciudadano, respeta las leyes y contribuye así al funcionamiento correcto de la sociedad y al bienestar de los demás miembros de la comunidad .SINÓNIMO civismo .

civilista

civilista adjetivo 1 Del derecho civil o relacionado con él :doctrina civilista .2 adjetivo /nombre común [jurista ] Que es especialista en derecho civil .

civilización

civilización nombre femenino 1 Conjunto de costumbres, ideas, creencias, cultura y conocimientos científicos y técnicos que caracterizan a un grupo humano en un momento de su evolución :la civilización maya; las civilizaciones mediterráneas tienen su origen en las culturas primitivas de Mesopotamia .2 Estadio de esta evolución de un grupo humano :el descubrimiento de los metales provocó cambios profundos en la forma de vida de las civilizaciones primitivas; se ha dicho en ocasiones que estamos en la civilización del ocio .

civilizador, -ra

civilizador, -ra adjetivo Que civiliza :obra civilizadora; su actuación tenía un carácter humanista y civilizador .

civilizar

civilizar verbo transitivo 1 Introducir en un país o en un pueblo la cultura de otro país o pueblo más desarrollado :aquel hombre nacido en Panonia y formado en el Imperio Bizantino, vino con libros abundantes, trató de civilizar a los suevos y los convirtió al catolicismo .2 Mejorar el comportamiento de una persona y hacerla más sociable :tu padre está sin civilizar . Conjugación [4 ] como realizar .

civilmente

civilmente adverbio 1 De manera civil .2 der Conforme al derecho civil :la posesión se interrumpe, para los efectos de la prescripción, natural o civilmente .

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

civil

civ il /sɪ́v (ə )l /〖原義は「市民 (citizen )の」〗(名形 )civilian, (名 )civilization, (動 )civilize 形容詞比較なし /5 はmore ～; most ～/｟まれ｠～er ; ～est 1 〖名詞の前で〗市民 (として )の , 公民の ▸ civil society 市民社会 ▸ civil disturbance 市民暴動 ▸ the American Civil Liberties Union アメリカ自由人権協会 .2 〖名詞の前で〗国内の (domestic )(↔foreign ); 国家の , 行政 (府 )の ▸ civil affairs 内政問題, 国事 ▸ civil strife 内乱, 内戦 ▸ civil unrest 国情不安 ▸ civil conflict 国内紛争 ▸ the civil authorities 行政当局 .3 〖名詞の前で〗(軍人官吏に対して )民間の , 一般市民の, (武に対して )文の (↔military ); (聖職に対して )俗の (↔ecclesiastical )▸ civil aviation 民間航空 .4 〖名詞の前で〗〘法〙民事の (→criminal ); ローマ市民法の ▸ a civil trial [case, court ]民事裁判 [事件, 法廷 ]▸ a civil (law )suit [action ]民事訴訟 .5 ｟かたく｠【人に】(特に好意的ではないが )礼儀正しい , 丁重な , 丁寧な «to » (!politeには相手への思いやりが含意されるが, civilは表面的な丁重さを含意し, よそよそしい感じ ) ▸ It's very civil of [╳for ] you to invite me. ≒You're very civil to invite me .お招きくださり大変ありがとうございます .～̀ c ó de 民法典 .～̀ comm ó tion 暴動 .～̀ d á y 暦日〘午前零時からの24時間〙.～̀ d é ath 〘法〙法律上の死亡〘市民権の剥奪〙.～̀ def é nse [｟英｠def é nce ](空襲ハリケーンなどに備えた )民間防衛 (｟略｠C.D.).～̀ def é nse c ò rps 自警団 .～̀ disob é dience 市民的不服従〘税金不払いなどによる政府に対する市民の共同抵抗〙.～̀ div ó rce (宗教的儀式を伴わない )法律上の離婚 .～̀ engin é er 土木技師 .～̀ engin é ering 土木工学 [工事 ].～̀ l á w 1 民法 (↔criminal law ).2 国内法 .3 (古代 )ローマ法 (Roman Law ).～̀ libert á rian 市民的自由の擁護者 .～̀ l í berty 〖通例 -ties 〗市民的自由〘言論思想の自由など〙.C -́ L ì st ｟英｠〖the ～〗(議会が毎年定める )王室費 .～̀ m á rriage [c é remony ](宗教儀式によらない )民事婚, 届け出結婚 .～̀ p á rish ｟英｠＝parish 2 .～̀ r í ghts ｟米｠〖しばしばC - R-; 複数扱い〗公民権, 市民権 .C -̀ R í ghts À ct ｟米｠〖the ～〗公民 (基本 )権法 .～̀ r ì ghts m ó vement 〖the ～〗公民権運動〘1954年に米国で始まった黒人やほかの少数民族の社会的諸権利を勝ち取るための非暴力的運動〙.～̀ s é rvant 公務員, 文官 .～̀ s é rvice 〖the ～; 時にC - S- 〗1 (軍司法立法宗教関係を除いた )政府官庁, 行政部 .2 〖集合的に; ｟英｠では単複両扱い〗公務員 .～̀ st á te 婚姻状態〘独身結婚離婚など〙.～̀ ú nion シビルユニオン〘同性間にも婚姻と同等の権利を与える制度〙.～̀ w á r 1 内戦, 内乱 .2 〖the C- W- 〗(a )〘米史〙南北戦争 (the American C- W-; the War Between the States ) 〘1861 --65 〙. (b )〘英史〙Charles 1世と議会との戦争 (the English C- W-; the Puritan Revolution ) 〘1642 --46,1648 --52 〙. (c )スペイン内戦 (the Spanish C- W- ) 〘1936 --39 〙.～̀ y é ar 暦年 (calendar year ).

civilian

ci vil ian /səvɪ́liən /〖civil (市民の )ian (人 )〗名詞複～s /-z /C (軍警察などに対して )一般市民 , 民間人 , 文民 .形容詞比較なし〖通例名詞の前で〗一般市民の , 民間の ▸ in civilian clothes (軍服でなく )平服を着て ▸ civilian control 文民統制, シビリアンコントロール .

civilisation

civ i li sa tion /sɪ̀v (ə )ləzéɪʃ (ə )n |-laɪ -/名詞｟英｠＝civilization .

civility

ci vil i ty /səvɪ́ləti /名詞複 -ties U 丁重, 礼儀正しさ, 親切 ; C 〖通例 -ties 〗丁重な [礼儀正しい, 親切な ]言動 ▸ exchange civilities 丁寧なあいさつをかわす

civilization

civ i li za tion /sɪ̀v (ə )ləzéɪʃ (ə )n |-laɪ -/〖civilize (文明化する )ation (こと )〗名詞複～s /-z /1 C U 文明〘高度に発達し, 固有の文化生活様式を有した状態, また個々のそのような社会; →culture 〙▸ a lost civilization 滅びた文明 ▸ Western [European ] civilization 西洋 [ヨーロッパ ]文明 .2 U 〖集合的に〗文明世界 ; 文明諸国 (民 ).3 U 文明化 , 開化 , 教化 .4 U (技術の進歩によって生み出された )便利なもの , 文明の利器 ; ｟おどけて｠(便利で快適な )文明生活 , 都会生活 ▸ be far away from [get back to ] civilization 文化的生活から遠ざかっている [に戻る ].

civilize

civ i lize /sɪ́vəlàɪz /→civil 動詞～s /-ɪz /; ～d /-d /; -lizing 他動詞〈人社会〉を文明化する , 教化する ; ｟英しばしばおどけて｠〈人〉を洗練する ; …を上品にする ▸ a civilizing influence 文明化の影響 ; 文明化に寄与する影響力 .

civilized

c í v i l ì zed 形容詞 1 〈社会などが〉文明化した, 教化 [開化 ]した (↔uncivilized )▸ the civilized world 文明世界 .2 〈人態度などが〉礼儀正しい, 洗練された, 教養のある .3 〈場所事が〉快適な .

civilly

civ il ly /sɪ́vəli /副詞 1 丁寧 [重 ]に, 礼儀正しく〈話すなど〉.2 民法に従って [沿って ], 民事的に .