English-Thai Dictionary

should

AUX กริยา ช่อง ที่  2 ของ คำกริยา ช่วย  shall(ใช้ กล่าวถึง สิ่ง ที่ พูด แล้ว  kri-ya-chong-ti-2-kong-kam-kri-ya-chue

 

should

AUX ควรจะ  ควร  น่าจะ  สมควร จะ  must ought to kuan-ja

 

should

AUX ใช้กับ  I และ  we เพื่อ แสดง คิดเห็น ที่ ไม่แน่ใจ  chai-i-lea-we-puea-sa-dang-kwam-kid

 

should

AUX ใช้ ปฏิเสธ หรือ แสดง ความรำคาญ หรือ ประหลาดใจ  chai-pa-ti-sed-rue-sa-dang-kwam-lam-kan

 

should

AUX ใช้ หลัง คำคุณ ศัพท์ (adjective เพื่อ แสดง ความรู้สึก  chai-lang-kam-kuan-na-sab

 

should

AUX ใช้ หลัง คำ ว่า  that เพื่อ แนะนำ หรือ จัดการ บางสิ่ง  chai-lang-kam-wa

 

should

AUX ใช้ แสดง ความ เห็นด้วย อย่างมาก  chai-sa-dang-kwam-hen-duai-yang-mak

 

shoulder

N บ่า  ไหล่  หัวไหล่  สะบัก  upper arm ba

 

shoulder

N เนื้อ ขา หน้า ช่วงบน ของ สัตว์  upper leg nuan-ka-na-chung-bon-kong-sad

 

shoulder

N ไหล่เขา  ไหล่ถนน  ไหล่ทาง  lai-kao

 

shoulder

N ไหล่ เสื้อ  shoulder cut lai-suea

 

shoulder

VI ใช้ ไหล่ ดัน  หาม  แบก  carry hold shove push aside chai-lai-dan

 

shoulder

VT แบกภาระ  รับ ทุกข์  รับภาระ  beak-pa-ra

 

shoulder aside

PHRV กระแทก จน เบี่ยง ไป ข้าง หนึ่ง  ชน จน หลบ ไป ด้าน หนึ่ง  ผลัก (ไหล่  ไป ด้าน ข้าง  elbow aside push aside thrust aside kra-teak-jon-bing-pai-kang-nuang

 

shoulder bag

N กระเป๋าสะพาย  kra-pao-sa-pai

 

shoulder blade

N กระดูก สะบัก  kra-duk-sa-ba

 

shoulder forward

PHRV ใช้ ไหล่ ดัน ไป ข้างหน้า  elbow forward push forward thrust forward chai-lai-dan-pai-kang-na

 

shoulder strap

N ตรา ที่ บ่า  อินทรธนู  tra-ti-ba

 

shoulder to shoulder

IDM เคียงบ่าเคียงไหล่  king-ba-kiang-lai

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

SHOULD

shood. The preterit of shall, but now used as an auxiliary verb, either in the past time or conditional present. "He should have paid the debt at the time the note became due. " Should here denotes past time. "I should ride to town this day if the weather would permit. " Here should expresses present or future time conditionally. In the second and third persons, it denotes obligation or duty, as in the first example above. 1. I should go. When should in this person is uttered without emphasis, it declares simply that an event would take place, on some condition or under circumstances.
But when expressed with emphasis, should in this person denotes obligation, duty or determination.
2. Thou shouldst go.
You should Without emphasis, should, in the second person, is nearly equivalent to ought; you ought to go, it is your duty, you are bound to go. [See Shall. ]
With emphasis, should expresses determination in th espeaker conditionally to compel the person to act. "If I had the care of you, you should go, whether willing or not. "
3. He should go. should, in the third person, has the same force as in the second.
4. If I should, if you should, if he should, etc. denote a figure contingent event.
5. After should, the principal verb is sometimes omitted, without obscuring the sense.
So subjects love just kings, or so they should. Ktyden.
That is, so they should love them.
6. should be, ought to be; a proverbial phrase, conveying some censure, contempt or irony. Things are not as they should be.
The boys think their mother no better than they should be. Addison.
7. "We think it strange that stones should fall from the aerial regions." In this use, should implies that stones do fall. In all similar phrases, should implies the actual existence of the fact, without a condition of supposition.

 

SHOULDER

n. 1. The joint by which the arm of a human being or the fore leg of a quadruped is connected with the body; or in man, the projection formed by the bones called scapula or shoulder blades, which extend from the basis of the neck in a horizontal direction.
2. The upper joint of the fore leg of an animal cut for th emarket; as a shoulder of mutton.
3. Shoulders, in the plural, the upper part of the back.
Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair. Dryden.
4. Figuratively, support; sustaining power; or that which elevates and sustains.
For on thy shoulders do I build my seat. Shak.
5. Among artificers, something like the human shoulder; a horizontal or rectangular projection from the body of a thing.

 

SHOULDER

v.t. 1. To push or thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence.
Around her numberless the rabble flow'd,
Should'ring each other, crowding for a view. Rowe.
As they the earth would shoulder from her seat. Spenser.
2. To take upon the shoulder; as, to shoulder a basket.

 

SHOULDER-BELT

n.[shoulder and belt. ] A belt that passes across the shoulder.

 

SHOULDER-BLADE

n.[shoulder and blade. ] The bone of the shoulder, or blade bone, broad and triangular, covering the hind part of the ribs; called by anatomists scapula and omoplata.

 

SHOULDER-CLAPPER

n.[shoulder and clap. ] One that claps another on the shoulder, or that uses great familiarity. [Not in use. ]

 

SHOULDER-KNOT

n.[shoulder and knot. ] An ornamental knot of ribin or lace worn on the shoulder; an epaulet.

 

SHOULDER-SHOTTEN

a.[shoulder and shot. ] Strained in the shoulder, as a horse.

 

SHOULDER-SLIP

n.[shoulder and slip. ] Dislocation of the shoulder or of the humerus.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

SHOULD

Should, imp. of Shall. Etym: [OE. sholde, shulde, scholde, schulde,AS. scolde, sceolde. See Shall. ]

 

Defn: Used as an auxiliary verb, to express a conditional or contingent act or state, or as a supposition of an actual fact; also, to express moral obligation (see Shall ); e. g.: they should have come last week; if I should go; I should think you could go. "You have done that you should be sorry for. " Shak.

 

Syn. -- See Ought.

 

SHOULDER

Shoul "der, n. Etym: [OE. shulder, shuldre, schutder, AS. sculdor;akin to D. schoulder, G. schulter, OHG. scultarra, Dan. skulder, Sw. skuldra.]

 

1. (Anat. )

 

Defn: The joint, or the region of the joint, by which the fore limb is connected with the body or with the shoulder girdle; the projection formed by the bones and muscles about that joint.

 

2. The flesh and muscles connected with the shoulder joint; the upper part of the back; that part of the human frame on which it is most easy to carry a heavy burden; -- often used in the plural. Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore The gates of Azza. Milton. Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair. Dryden.

 

3. Fig. : That which supports or sustains; support. In thy shoulder do I build my seat. Shak.

 

4. That which resembles a human shoulder, as any protuberance or projection from the body of a thing. The north western shoulder of the mountain. Sir W. Scott.

 

5. The upper joint of the fore leg and adjacent parts of an animal, dressed for market; as, a shoulder of mutton.

 

6. (Fort. )

 

Defn: The angle of a bastion included between the face and flank. See Illust. of Bastion.

 

7. An abrupt projection which forms an abutment on an object, or limits motion, etc. , as the projection around a tenon at the end of a piece of timber, the part of the top of a type which projects beyond the base of the raised character, etc. Shoulder belt, a belt that passes across the shoulder. -- Shoulder blade (Anat. ), the flat bone of the shoulder, to which the humerus is articulated; the scapula. -- Shoulder block (Naut. ), a block with a projection, or shoulder, near the upper end, so that it can rest against a spar without jamming the rope. -- Shoulder clapper, one who claps another on the shoulder, or who uses great familiarity. [Obs. ] Shak. -- Shoulder girdle. (Anat. ) See Pectoral girdle, under Pectoral. -- Shoulder knot, an ornamental knot of ribbon or lace worn on the shoulder; a kind of epaulet or braided ornament worn as part of a military uniform. -- Shoulder-of-mutton sail (Naut. ), a triangular sail carried on a boat's mast; -- so called from its shape. -- Shoulder slip, dislocation of the shoulder, or of the humerous. Swift. -- Shoulder strap, a strap worn on or over the shoulder. Specifically (Mil. & Naval ), a narrow strap worn on the shoulder of a commissioned officer, indicating, by a suitable device, the rank he holds in the service. See Illust. in App.

 

SHOULDER

Shoul "der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shouldered; p. pr. & vb. n.Shouldering.]

 

1. To push or thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence; to jostle. As they the earth would shoulder from her seat. Spenser. Around her numberless the rabble flowed, Shouldering each other, crowding for a view. Rowe.

 

2. To take upon the shoulder or shoulders; as, to shoulder a basket; hence, to assume the burden or responsibility of; as, to shoulder blame; to shoulder a debt. As if Hercules Or burly Atlas shouldered up their state. Marston.Right shoulder arms (Mil. ), a position in the Manual of Arms which the piece is placed on the right shoulder, with the lock plate up, and the muzzle elevated and inclined to the left, and held as in the illustration.

 

SHOULDERED

SHOULDERED Shoul "dered, a.

 

Defn: Having shoulders; -- used in composition; as, a broad- shouldered man. "He was short-shouldered." Chaucer.

 

SHOULDER-SHOTTEN

SHOULDER-SHOTTEN Shoul "der-shot `ten, a.

 

Defn: Sprained in the shoulder, as a horse. Shak.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

should

should |SHo͝od ʃʊd ʃəd | ▶modal verb ( 3rd sing. should ) 1 used to indicate obligation, duty, or correctness, typically when criticizing someone's actions: he should have been careful | I think we should trust our people more | you shouldn't have gone. • indicating a desirable or expected state: by now students should be able to read with a large degree of independence. • used to give or ask advice or suggestions: you should go back to bed | what should I wear? • (I should ) used to give advice: I should hold out if I were you. 2 used to indicate what is probable: $348 million should be enough to buy him out | the bus should arrive in a few minutes. 3 formal expressing the conditional mood. • (in the first person ) indicating the consequence of an imagined event: if I were to obey my first impulse, I should spend my days writing letters. • referring to a possible event or situation: if you should change your mind, I'll be at the hotel | should anyone arrive late, admission is likely to be refused. 4 used in a clause with “that ” after a main clause describing feelings: it is astonishing that we should find violence here. 5 used in a clause with “that ” expressing purpose: in order that training should be effective it must be planned systematically. 6 (in the first person ) expressing a polite request or acceptance: we should be grateful for your advice. 7 (in the first person ) expressing a conjecture or hope: he'll have a sore head, I should imagine | “It won't happen again. ” “I should hope not. ” 8 used to emphasize to a listener how striking an event is or was: you should have seen Marge's face. • (who /what should —— but ) emphasizing how surprising an event was: I was in this store when who should I see across the street but Toby. ORIGIN Old English sceolde: past of shall . usage: As with shall and will, there is confusion about when to use should and would. The traditional rule is that should is used with first person pronouns ( I and we ), as in I said I should be late, and would is used with second and third persons ( you, he, she, it, they ), as in you didn't say you would be late. In practice, however, would is normally used instead of should in reported speech and conditional clauses: I said I would be late; if we had known, we would have invited her. In spoken and informal contexts, the issue rarely arises, since the distinction is obscured by the use of the contracted forms I'd, we'd, etc. In modern English, uses of should are dominated by the senses relating to obligation (for which would cannot be substituted ), as in you should go out more often, and for related emphatic uses, as in you should have seen her face!

 

shoulder

shoul der |ˈSHōldər ˈʃoʊldər | ▶noun 1 the upper joint of the human arm and the part of the body between this and the neck. • (in quadrupeds ) the joint of the upper forelimb and the adjacent part of the back. • the part of a bird or insect at which the wing is attached. • a large cut of meat from the upper foreleg and shoulder blade of an animal: a shoulder of lamb. • a part of a garment covering the shoulder: a jacket with padded shoulders. • (shoulders ) the upper part of the back and arms: a tall youth with broad shoulders. • (shoulders ) this part of the body regarded as bearing responsibility or hardship or providing strength: all accounts place the blame squarely on his shoulders. 2 a part of something resembling a shoulder in shape, position, or function: the shoulder of a pulley. • a point at which a steep slope descends from a plateau or highland area: the shoulder of the hill sloped down. 3 a paved strip alongside a road for stopping on in an emergency. ▶verb 1 [ with obj. ] put (something heavy ) over one's shoulder or shoulders to carry: we shouldered our crippling backpacks and set off slowly up the hill. • take on (a burden or responsibility ): she shouldered the blame for the incident. 2 [ with obj. ] push (someone or something ) out of one's way with one's shoulder: she shouldered him brusquely aside. • [ no obj. ] move in this way: he shouldered past a woman with a baby | he shouldered his way through the seething mass of children. PHRASES be looking over one's shoulder be anxious or insecure about a possible danger: takeovers are the thing that keeps suppliers looking over their shoulders. put one's shoulder to the wheel set to work vigorously. shoulder arms hold a rifle against the side of the body, barrel upward. a shoulder to cry on someone who listens sympathetically to one's problems. shoulder to shoulder side by side: everyone is bunched together shoulder to shoulder. • acting together toward a common aim; with united effort: we fought shoulder to shoulder with the rest of the country. DERIVATIVES shoul dered |ˈSHōldərd |adjective [ in combination ] : broad-shouldered ORIGIN Old English sculdor; related to Dutch schouder and German Schulter .

 

shoulder bag

shoul der bag |ˈʃoʊldər ˌbæɡ | ▶noun a bag with a long strap that is hung over the shoulder.

 

shoulder belt

shoul der belt ▶noun a seat belt that passes over the shoulder and across the chest. • a bandolier or other strap passing over one shoulder and under the opposite arm.

 

shoulder blade

shoul der blade |ˈʃoʊldər ˌbleɪd | ▶noun either of the large, flat, triangular bones that lie against the ribs in the upper back and provide attachments for the bone and muscles of the upper arm. Also called scapula.

 

shoulder charge

shoul |der charge ▶noun a charge made leading with the shoulder. ▶verb ( shoulder-charge ) [ with obj. ] charge at (a person or obstacle ) with the shoulder first.

 

shoulder harness

should er har ness ▶noun a strap worn around or across the shoulder, specifically. • the part of a seat belt that lies diagonally across the chest. • (also shoulder holster ) a strap worn around the shoulder and under one arm with a holster for carrying a firearm.

 

shoulder-high

shoul der-high |ˈˌʃoʊldər ˈhaɪ | ▶adjective & adverb up to or at the height of the shoulders: [ as adj. ] : a glade of shoulder-high grass | [ as adv. ] : he was lifted shoulder-high.

 

shoulder holster

shoul der hol ster ▶noun a gun holster worn under the armpit.

 

shoulder-in

shoul der-in ▶noun (in dressage ) a movement in which the horse moves parallel to the side of the arena, with its hindquarters carried closer to the wall than its shoulders and its body curved toward the center.

 

shoulder joint

shoul der joint ▶noun the joint connecting an upper limb or forelimb to the body. It is a ball-and-socket joint in which the head of the humerus fits into the socket of the scapula.

 

shoulder knot

shoul der knot ▶noun a knot of ribbon, metal, or lace worn as part of ceremonial dress.

 

shoulder-length

shoul der-length ▶adjective (of hair ) reaching down to the shoulders.

 

shoulder pad

shoul der pad |ˈʃoʊldər ˌpæd | ▶noun a spongy, shaped pad sewn into the shoulder of a garment to provide bulk and shape. • a hard protective pad for the shoulders used in certain sports, such as ice hockey and football.

 

shoulder season

shoul der sea son (also shoulder period ) ▶noun a travel period between peak and off-peak seasons.

 

shoulder stand

shoul der stand ▶noun a gymnastic movement in which, starting from a supine position, the torso and legs are raised vertically over the head and supported on the shoulders and arms.

 

shoulder strap

shoul der strap |ˈʃoʊldər ˌstræp | ▶noun a narrow strip of material going over the shoulder from the front to the back of a garment. • a long strap attached to a bag for carrying it over the shoulder. • a strip of cloth from shoulder to collar on a military uniform bearing a symbol of rank. • a similar strip on a raincoat.

 

shoulder-surfing

shoul der-surf ing ▶noun the practice of spying on the user of an ATM, computer, or other electronic device in order to obtain their personal access information. DERIVATIVES shoul der-surf er noun

 

shouldn't

should n't |ˈSHo͝odnt ˈʃʊdnt | ▶contraction should not.

 

Oxford Dictionary

should

should |ʃʊd | ▶modal verb ( 3rd sing. should ) 1 used to indicate obligation, duty, or correctness, typically when criticizing someone's actions: he should have been careful | I think we should trust our people more | you shouldn't have gone. • indicating a desirable or expected state: by now pupils should be able to read with a large degree of independence. • used to give or ask advice or suggestions: you should go back to bed | what should I wear? • (I should ) used to give advice: I should hold out if I were you. 2 used to indicate what is probable: £348 m should be enough to buy him out | the bus should arrive in a few minutes. 3 formal expressing the conditional mood: • (in the first person ) indicating the consequence of an imagined event: if I were to obey my first impulse, I should spend my days writing letters. • referring to a possible event or situation: if you should change your mind, I'll be at the hotel | should anyone arrive late, admission is likely to be refused. 4 used in a clause with ‘that ’ after a main clause describing feelings: it is astonishing that we should find violence here. 5 used in a clause with ‘that ’ expressing purpose: in order that training should be effective it must be planned systematically. 6 (in the first person ) expressing a polite request or acceptance: I should like some more, if I may | we should be grateful for your advice. 7 (in the first person ) expressing a conjecture or hope: he'll have a sore head, I should imagine | ‘It won't happen again. ’ ‘I should hope not. ’. 8 used to emphasize to a listener how striking an event is or was: you should have seen Marge's face. • (who /what should —— but ) emphasizing how surprising an event was: I was in this shop when who should I see across the street but Tobias. ORIGIN Old English sceolde: past of shall . usage: As with shall and will, there is confusion about when to use should and would. The traditional rule is that should is used with first person pronouns ( I and we ), as in I said I should be late, and would is used with second and third persons ( you, he, she, it, they ), as in you didn't say you would be late. In practice, would is normally used instead of should in reported speech and conditional clauses: I said I would be late; if we had known we would have invited her. In spoken and informal contexts the issue rarely arises, since the distinction is obscured by the use of the contracted forms I'd, we'd, etc. In modern English uses of should are dominated by the senses relating to obligation (for which would cannot be substituted ), as in you should go out more often, and for related emphatic uses, as in you should have seen her face! For a discussion on the use of should of instead of should have, see usage at have .

 

shoulder

shoul |der |ˈʃəʊldə | ▶noun 1 the upper joint of each of a person's arms and the part of the body between this and the neck. • (in quadrupeds ) the joint of the upper forelimb and the adjacent part of the back. • the part of a bird or insect at which the wing is attached. • a joint of meat from the upper foreleg and shoulder blade of an animal: a shoulder of lamb. • a part of a garment covering the shoulder: a jacket with padded shoulders. • (shoulders ) the upper part of the back and arms: a tall youth with broad shoulders. • (shoulders ) a person's shoulders regarded as bearing responsibility or hardship or providing strength: all accounts place the blame squarely on his shoulders. 2 a part of something resembling a shoulder in shape, position, or function: the shoulder of a pulley. • a point at which a steep slope descends from a plateau or highland area: the shoulder of the hill sloped down | a resort sheltered by the shoulder of Ben Nevis. 3 another term for hard shoulder. ▶verb 1 [ with obj. ] put (something heavy ) over one's shoulder or shoulders to carry: we shouldered our crippling backpacks and set off slowly up the hill. • take on (a burden or responsibility ): the day-to-day work will be shouldered by an action group. 2 [ with obj. and adverbial of direction ] push (someone or something ) out of one's way with one's shoulder: she shouldered him brusquely aside. • [ no obj., with adverbial of direction ] make progress by shouldering someone or something out of one's way: he shouldered past a woman with a baby | he shouldered his way through the seething mass of children. PHRASES be looking over one's shoulders be anxious or insecure about a possible danger: takeovers are the thing that keeps suppliers looking over their shoulders. put one's shoulder to the wheel set to work vigorously. rub shoulders with see rub. shoulder arms hold a rifle against the right side of the body, barrel upwards. a shoulder to cry on someone who listens sympathetically to someone's problems. shoulder to shoulder side by side: everyone is bunched together shoulder to shoulder. • acting together towards a common aim; with united effort: we fought shoulder to shoulder with the rest of the country. straight from the shoulder see straight. DERIVATIVES shouldered adjective [ in combination ] : broad-shouldered ORIGIN Old English sculdor, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch schouder and German Schulter .

 

shoulder bag

shoul |der bag ▶noun a bag with a long strap that is hung over the shoulder.

 

shoulder belt

shoul |der belt ▶noun a bandolier or other strap passing over one shoulder and under the opposite arm.

 

shoulder blade

shoul |der blade ▶noun either of the large, flat triangular bones which lie against the ribs in the upper back and provide attachments for the bone and muscles of the upper arm. Also called scapula.

 

shoulder charge

shoul |der charge ▶noun a charge made leading with the shoulder. ▶verb ( shoulder-charge ) [ with obj. ] charge at (a person or obstacle ) with the shoulder first.

 

shoulder harness

should er har ness ▶noun a strap worn around or across the shoulder, specifically. • the part of a seat belt that lies diagonally across the chest. • (also shoulder holster ) a strap worn around the shoulder and under one arm with a holster for carrying a firearm.

 

shoulder-high

shoulder-high ▶adjective & adverb up to or at the height of the shoulders: [ as adj. ] : a glade of shoulder-high grass | [ as adv. ] : he was lifted shoulder-high.

 

shoulder holster

shoul |der hol |ster ▶noun a gun holster worn under the armpit.

 

shoulder-in

shoulder-in ▶noun (in dressage ) a movement in which the horse moves parallel to the side of the arena, with its hindquarters carried closer to the wall than its shoulders and its body curved towards the centre.

 

shoulder joint

shoul |der joint ▶noun the joint connecting an upper limb or forelimb to the body. It is a ball-and-socket joint in which the head of the humerus fits into the socket of the scapula.

 

shoulder knot

shoul |der knot ▶noun a knot of ribbon, metal, or lace worn as part of a ceremonial dress.

 

shoulder-length

shoulder-length ▶adjective (of hair ) reaching down to the shoulders.

 

shoulder pad

shoul |der pad ▶noun a shaped pad sewn into the shoulder of a garment to provide bulk and shape. • a hard protective pad for the shoulders used in certain sports, such as ice hockey and American football.

 

shoulder season

shoulder season (also shoulder period ) ▶noun a travel period between peak and off-peak seasons.

 

shoulder stand

shoul |der stand ▶noun a gymnastic movement in which, starting from a supine position, the torso and legs are raised vertically over the head and supported on the shoulders and arms.

 

shoulder strap

shoul |der strap ▶noun a narrow strip of material going over the shoulder from front to back of a garment. • a long strap attached to a bag for carrying it over the shoulder. • a strip of cloth from shoulder to collar on a military uniform, bearing a symbol of rank.

 

shoulder-surfing

shoulder-surfing ▶noun [ mass noun ] the practice of spying on the user of a cash-dispensing machine or other electronic device in order to obtain their personal identification number, password, etc. DERIVATIVES shoulder-surfer noun

 

shouldn't

shouldn't |ˈʃʊd (ə )nt | ▶contraction should not.

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

shoulder

shoulder verb 1 he shouldered the burden: take on (oneself ), undertake, accept, assume; bear, carry. 2 another kid shouldered him aside: push, shove, thrust, jostle, force, bulldoze, elbow. PHRASES give the cold shoulder ever since Deke's party, Linnie has been giving me the cold shoulder: snub, shun, ignore, rebuff, spurn, ostracize, cut out; informal freeze out. put one's shoulder to the wheel it's time to stop talking and start putting your shoulder to the wheel: get (down ) to work, apply oneself, set to work, buckle down, roll up one's sleeves; work hard, be diligent, be industrious, exert oneself. shoulder to shoulder 1 the regiment lined up shoulder to shoulder: side by side, abreast, alongside (each other ). 2 he fought shoulder to shoulder with the others: united, (working ) together, jointly, in partnership, in collaboration, in cooperation, side by side, in alliance.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

shoulder

shoulder noun PHRASES give someone the cold shoulder snub, shun, cold-shoulder, ignore, turn one's back on, cut, cut dead, look right through, rebuff, dismiss, reject, brush off, turn down, spurn, disdain, refuse, decline, repudiate, ostracize; informal give someone the brush-off, tell someone where to get off, put down, freeze out, stiff-arm; Brit. informal knock back, send to Coventry; N. Amer. informal give someone the bum's rush, give someone the brush; Austral. informal snout; informal, dated give someone the go-by. put one's shoulder to the wheel get (down ) to work, apply oneself, set to work, fall to, buckle down, get down to business, put one's hand to the plough, roll up one's sleeves, get things moving, start the ball rolling; work hard, make an effort, strive, be industrious /diligent /assiduous, exert oneself; informal give it one's best shot, get cracking, get one's finger out, get weaving, get the show on the road, get off one's backside; Brit. informal get stuck in; dated buckle to. shoulder to shoulder 1 the regiment lined up shoulder to shoulder in three columns: side by side, abreast, alongside (each other ), level, beside each other, cheek by jowl. 2 he fought off the attack on economic internationalism, shoulder to shoulder with City bankers: united, together, jointly, working together, in partnership, in collaboration, in cooperation, cooperatively, side by side, arm in arm, hand in hand, in unity, in unison, in alliance, in league, in concert, concertedly, conjointly, as one. ▶verb 1 Britain shouldered the primary responsibility for the stability of the area: take on, take on oneself, undertake, accept, assume; bear, carry, support, sustain, be responsible for. 2 another lad shouldered him aside | he shouldered his way through the crowd: push, shove, thrust, propel, jostle, elbow, force, crowd, prod, poke, nudge, knock, ram, bulldoze, sweep, bundle, hustle, hurry, rush, manhandle.

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

should

should /ʃəd, ʃd , ｟強 ｠ʃʊd /→could 語源 (! shallの直説法 仮定法過去 ) 助動詞 (!否定形should notの短縮形はshouldn 't /ʃʊd (ə )nt /) 【義務 当然 助言 】1 a. 〈人などが 〉…すべきである , …するのが当然である (!しばしば 「すべきだが無理かもしれない 」といった否定的態度を暗示 ) ; 〖二人称主語で 〗…した方がよい , ぜひ … しなさい ▸ Children should obey their parents .子供は両親に従うべきだ ▸ You really should take a few days off .ぜひ2, 3日休暇をとるといいですよ ▸ Hunting should be prohibited in this area .この地区では狩猟を禁止すべきだ ▸ You shouldn't speak to her like that .彼女にそんな風に話さない方がいい (!should notは禁止の度合いはmust notほど強くない ) ▸ Should I do something about it? 私はそのことについて何かすべきでしょうか (!「何かしましょうか 」という提案 申し出としての解釈も可能; ↓5b ) ▸ Should you quarrel with her? 彼女と口論するべきなのかい (≒Don't quarrel with her. ) (!反語的に 「口論なんかやめろ 」という否定の命令を表す ) ▸ I knew that I should help him .彼を助けなければならないことはわかっていた (!shouldは過去時制の間接話法でもそのまま ) ▸ We ought to start right now, shouldn't we? 私たちはすぐに出発すべきですよね (!付加疑問文においてought toの代用として用いられる ) ▸ All passengers should now be aboard .｟かたく ｠(空港搭乗口で )皆様これよりご搭乗ください (!正式の命令 指示 ) 語法 ①善悪の判断や当然の義務を表し, 助言を与えたり求めたりする時にも用いられる; ほぼ同じ意味を表すought toよりも頻度は高い; →ought 類義 .②義務の強さについては →must 1 1a .③話し手の判断に基づく義務を表すことから, 譲歩や主張を強調する表現として用いられる; →actually 読解のポイント .表現 ①助言をする際の主な表現は以下のとおり (!調子の強い順 ) ▸ You had better …▸ (I think ) you should [ought to ] …▸ You might [may ] as well …▸ I suggest (that ) … (!代案を出す場合May [Might ] I suggest (that ) …?も可能 ) ▸ It would be better for A to do [if, (that )] …▸ You could [might ] ….②｟コーパス ｠語気の強さを和らげる表現を前に伴うことがある. I think, maybe, perhaps, wellなどの他, I [we ] should …の前ではI guess [suppose ]なども用いられる ▸ I think [Maybe, I guess ] I should make a decision .決断しなければと思う b. 〖should have done 〗〈人などが 〉…すべきであった (のに ), …した方がよかった (のに ) (!実際はそうではなかったことが含意される; 単に過去の義務を表すにはhad toを用いる ) ▸ You should have gone with him .あなたは彼と一緒に行くべきだった (のに行かなかった )▸ You should have seen the beautiful sunset .その美しい夕日を君に見せたかった (!おもしろさ 印象深さを強調する言い方 ) ▸ I shouldn't have eaten so much .あんなにたくさん食べなきゃよかった ▸ Should they have apologized? 彼らは (本当に )謝る必要があったのですか (!疑問文 否定文では実際にその行為があったことが含意される ) .【推量 期待 】2 a. 〈人 物 事が 〉…する [である ]はずだ , きっと …(する )だろう (!(1 )現在 未来の事柄に対する話し手の主観的な推量 期待を表し, 予測していたことが起こらなかった場合にも用いられる; →actually 読解のポイント ; 確信度については →must 1 5a . (2 )通例shouldには強勢が置かれる ) ▸ It should stop raining before noon, according to the weather forecast .天気予報によればお昼までには雨は上がるはずだ ▸ His age shouldn't be a problem .彼の年齢は問題にはならないだろう (≒It is probable that his age won't be a problem. ) (!否定の意味はcannotよりも弱い ) ▸ He should be home by now. I wonder where he is? 彼は今ごろ家にいてもいいはずなのに, どこに行ったのかしら .b. 〖should have done 〗〈人 物が 〉…したはずだ , …するはずだったのに (!出来事の完了を予想する場合と, 予想の結果が事実と異なることを表す場合がある ) ▸ John should have passed the test since he was studying hard .ジョンは一生懸命勉強していたから試験にはきっと合格したことだろう (≒It is likely that John passed the test …)▸ Mary should have come back by now, but she's been delayed .メリーはもう戻ってきてもいいはずなのだが, 遅れている (!「戻ってくるべきだったのに 」という義務の意味で解釈することも可能 ) ▸ You should have seen his face when I told him about that .私がそのことを彼に言ったときの彼の顔を見たでしょう (!予想外のものを見たときの驚きを暗示する ) 【時制の一致 】3 a. 〈人が 〉…だろう (と ); …しましょうか (と ) (!単純未来 聞き手の意志を確かめるshallの時制の一致による過去形; 間接話法の従属節中の主語が主節の主語と同一であるときに用いられる ) ▸ I told her that I should [would ] be home late .私は帰りが遅くなるだろうと彼女に話した (!I said to her, “I shall be home late. ”の間接話法に相当 ) ▸ She asked me if she should call the doctor .彼女は私に医者を呼びましょうかと言った (!She asked me, “Shall I call the doctor? ”の間接話法に相当 ) .語法 shouldとwould ①一人称主語と共に単純未来を表すshallが現代英語ではwillに取って代わられているのと同様に, 対応する間接話法でも過去から見た未来を表す意味ではshouldよりwouldの方が一般的 (↑第1例 ). 特に ｟米 ｠でその傾向が強い. また ｟英 ｠ ｟米 ｠ともに ｟くだけて ｠では短縮形の 'dが用いられることがある .②shouldが一人称主語と共に仮定の帰結節や仮定を含意する独立節で用いられることがあるが, これも現在ではwouldの方が好まれる (↓4 , 5 ).b. …してやる (と ), …させる (と ) (!話し手の意志を表すshallの時制の一致による過去形; 主節の主語の意志を表す ) ▸ John said (that ) I should have his answer the next day .次の日に返事をしますとジョンは言った (!John said, “You shall have my answer tomorrow. ”の間接話法に相当 ) (!Johnの意志を表す; 直接話法で話し手の意志を表すshallは二人称 三人称主語と共に用いられるが, 間接話法になるとshouldを一人称主語と共に用いることも可能 ) .【仮定の帰結 】4 ｟主に英 かたく ｠〖一人称主語で 〗〈人が 〉…だろう (に ); 〖～ have done 〗…だっただろう (に ) (!(1 )仮定法過去 過去完了の帰結節で用いられる. (2 )wouldと置き換え可能; ↑3a 語法 (2 )) ▸ If I had money, I should [would ] be glad to go with you .お金があったら私は喜んで君と一緒に行くのですが ▸ I should [would ] have stopped smoking if you had asked me .君が頼めば私は喫煙をやめたであろう .【控えめ 丁寧表現 】5 〖一人称主語で 〗a. ｟主に英 かたく ｠〖希望 考え 〗〈人が 〉…だと思いますが, (まあ )…でしょうね (!(1 )仮定的な意味が弱くなり, しばしば条件節を伴わず用いられる. (2 )｟コーパス ｠主にcare (for ), be glad, be grateful, be happy, hate, like , love, be pleased, say , want, be willingなど用いられ話し手の希望 考えを控えめに述べる ) ▸ I should like to show you the picture .あなたにその絵を見ていただきたいのです ▸ He's a pretty good guy, I should say .彼はなかなかいいやつだと思いますね ▸ I should [would ] not accept the offer .私ならその申し出を受け入れないだろう (!言外にif I were you 「もし私があなたなら 」という仮定を含意し, 相手に対する助言 忠告を表す; ↑3a 語法 (2 )) .b. 〖提案 申し出; 疑問文で 〗…しましょうか ▸ Should I turn on the air-conditioner? エアコンをつけましょうか (!Shall I …?の丁寧表現 ) 【仮定の条件 】6 ｟主に英 かたく ｠〖条件節で 〗〈人などが 〉もし万一 …したら ; たとえ … しても (!不測の事態に関する条件 譲歩を表す; 帰結節は直説法 仮定法のいずれも可能で, 命令形が現れる場合もある; →if 5a 類義 ) ▸ If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn't [will not ] go .万一明日雨が降ったら彼らは行かないだろう ▸ In case you should need any help, here's my number .もし手伝いが必要なようでしたら, これが私の電話番号です (!丁寧な申し出を表す遠回し表現 ) ▸ Should the phone ring, don't answer it .｟文 ｠もし電話が鳴っても, 出てはいけない (!条件節で接続詞ifが省略され倒置が起こっている ) .【仮定法現在の代用 】7 ｟主に英 ｠〖提案 必要性 命令などを表すthat節で 〗〈人などが 〉…するように , …する (こと )▸ They demanded that Tim should be allowed to play .彼らはティムが競技を許可されるよう要求した (!｟米 ｠だけでなく ｟英 ｠でもThey demanded that Tim be allowed to play. の形が広まりつつある ↓語法 ) ▸ It is necessary that the place should be clean and pleasant .その場所は清潔で楽しいことが必要である ▸ She is anxious that her son should have a good education .彼女は息子によい教育を受けさせたいと切望している ▸ I made a decision that I should be making my own choices .私は自分で選択していく決心をした ▸ His proposal is that garbage should be recycled into solid fuel .彼の提案は生ごみは固形燃料にリサイクルするというものだ .語法 shouldの有無とthat節内の 動詞 の形 1 特定の 動詞 形容詞 名詞 に続くthat節 (名詞節 )の中で, 提案 必要性 命令など発話の時点で実現されていない内容を表す .2 ｟コーパス ｠ ｟米 ｠では通例shouldは用いず 動詞 の原形 (仮定法現在形 )が用いられる. ｟英 ｠ではこの形は ｟ややかたく ｠響くものの最近では, 徐々に広まりつつある. 特に主節にorder, demandなど命令 要求の程度の強い語が来るときやshouldの後の 動詞 がbeの時にはその傾向が強い. また, 比較的まれに ｟英 ややくだけて ｠では直説法も用いられる. さらに, 意味によってmust, couldなど他の 助動詞 が用いられることがある. なお, この用法ではshould have doneのような完了形は続かない .3 この用法でshouldが現れる主な 動詞 形容詞 名詞 には以下のものがある (!*はこの用法以外のthat節も後続する場合があることを示す ) a. 動詞 (!人を主語として ) advise *, agree *, allow *, arrange, ask, beg, command, consent, decide *, demand , desire , determine *, dictate, direct, insist *, instruct, intend, move, order , pledge, prefer , propose *, recommend , request , require , resolve *, rule *, stipulate, suggest *, urge *, vote .b. 形容詞 (!it is … thatの構文で ) advisable, appropriate *, better, best, compulsory, crucial *, desirable, essential , expedient, (un )fair, fitting *, helpful, imperative, important *, necessary , obligatory, preferable, proper, right , urgent, vital ; (!人を主語として ) anxious, concerned, eager, insistent *, keen, willing .c. 名詞 (!同格のthat節で ) decision , desire, insistence, proposal, recommendation , regulation, rule, suggestion , wish ほか, (a )の 動詞 と同形の 名詞 および派生名詞 .8 ｟今はまれ ｠〖so that節などで 〗…する (ために ) (!in order that節でも同様 ) ; 〖in case節などで 〗…しない (ように ) (!lest節, for fear that節などでも同様 ) ▸ We did our best so that everyone should be satisfied .みんなに満足してもらうように私たちは最善を尽くした (!so that節ではwill [would ], can [could ], may [might ]などを用いる方が一般的 ) ▸ Make sure you and your spouse have enough life insurance in case something should happen to you .万一のことがあるといけませんからご自身と配偶者が十分な生命保険に入っていることを確かめてください (!… in case something happens …の方が普通 ) 【驚きなどの感情 】9 …とは , …のではないかと ; 〖～ have done 〗…した [だった ]とは ▸ It is surprising that he should know [knows ] so little about it .彼がそのことについてそんなに少ししか知っていないとは驚きだ (!should knowが感情を込めた言い方であるのに対して, 直説法のknowsは事実を客観的に述べる言い方 ) ▸ I'm worried that he should be hurt .彼がけがをしてはいないかと心配です ▸ That it should come to this! こんな事になろうとは (実に残念です ) (!主節のIt is … を省略した言い方 ) .語法 1 特定の 動詞 形容詞 名詞 に続くthat節の中で, 驚き 怒りなどの感情を表す. 7 の用法と異なり, that節中に仮定法現在を用いるのは ｟まれ ｠. 事実を客観的に述べるときは, ｟英 ｠ ｟米 ｠ともに直説法を用いる (↑第1例 ). ｟米 ｠では, shouldの代わりにwouldを用いる方が普通 (→it 代名詞 4a 語法 (4 )).2 この用法のit is … thatの構文でshouldが現れる述語は以下の通り. a. 形容詞 absurd, awful, awkward, bad, convenient, cruel, curious, disastrous, dreadful, extraordinary, (un )fortunate, funny, horrible, irrational, logical, natural , odd, peculiar, pleasant, regrettable, remarkable, sad, shocked, silly, strange , tragic, unlucky, wrong ; alarming, amusing, pleasing, shocking, surprising ; admirable, remarkableなど .b. 名詞 disgrace, mistake, nuisance, pity , relief, scandal, shameなど .3 この用法の人を主語とする 形容詞 でshouldが現れる語はamazed, annoyed, delighted, glad, happy, pleased, sad, surprisedなど .10 a. ｟話 やや古 おどけて ｠〖疑問詞と共に 〗いったい …▸ Why should I believe that rumor? どうして私がそのうわさを信じようか (信じるはずがない ) (!反語的表現 ) ▸ I went to the theater and who should I meet but John! ≒… and it was surprising that I should meet John .劇場に行ったら, あろうことかジョンに会った (!but … と共に用いて出来事の意外性を強調する ) .b. (当然 )…だ (!強い意志や同意を表す ) ▸ “I won't be late again. ” “I should hope not! ”「もう遅刻しません 」「ぜひそうして (遅刻しないで )ください 」▸ I should think so [not ].もちろんそうですとも [当然そんなはずはない ](≒Of course (not ).)▸ It is what I should have liked to say to him .それが私が彼に言いたかったことなのです ▸ I should have thought you'd know that .そのことをあなたは知っていると思っていたのに (!相手に丁寧にまたはおどけて反論する表現 ) .should w ó rry …を心配する必要があろうか (!反語的に否定の意味を表す ) ▸ You should worry ! You have fully prepared for the examination .心配なんてする必要ないよ (≒You don't need to worry ). 君は試験の準備をちゃんとしてきたのだから .

 

shoulda

shoul da /ʃʊ́də /｟くだけて ｠＝should have (!発音つづり ) .

 

shoulder

shoul der /ʃóʊldə r / (! -ou-は /oʊ /) 〖語源は 「平たいもの, 肩甲骨 」〗名詞 複 ～s /-z /1 C (片方の )肩 (!両肩を示す場合は ～s; →arm 1 ) ; 〖～s 〗上背部 ▸ have stiff shoulders 肩が凝っている ▸ walk with a child on one's shoulders 子供を肩車して歩く ▸ sling a bag over one's shoulder バッグを肩に掛ける ▸ shrug one's shoulders 肩をすくめる (!「知らない 気にしない 」の意味を表すしぐさ ) ▸ pat [tap ] him on the shoulder 彼の肩をポンとたたく ▸ look over one's shoulder (不安げに )ふり返って見る ▸ drop [droop ] one's shoulders (落胆して )肩を落とす .2 C ｟くだけて ｠〖通例one 's ～s 〗(責任 重荷を負う )双肩, 力量 ▸ take the responsibility on one's shoulders 自分で責任を取る ▸ His shoulders are broad enough to bear the burden .彼にはその重荷をになえるほどの力量がある .3 C (衣服の )肩 ; (山 びんなどの )肩 ; ｟米 ｠路肩 (｟英 ｠hard shoulder )▸ a blouse with padded shoulders 肩パッド入りのブラウス ▸ The car was standing on the shoulder of the road .その車は路肩に止まっていた ▸ Soft shoulder .｟米標識 ｠路肩弱し .4 U 〖種類では 可算 〗(4本足の食用動物の )肩肉 ▸ a shoulder of pork 豚の肩肉 .5 〖the ～〗〘軍 〙担 （にな ）え 銃 （つつ ）の姿勢 ▸ come to the shoulder 担え銃をする .a sh ò ulder to cr ý on 悩みを聞いてくれる人 .cr ỳ on A's sh ó ulder (心配を打ち明けて )A 〈人 〉に同情を求める .g è t the c ò ld sh ó ulder ｟くだけて ｠冷たく扱われる .g ì ve A the c ò ld sh ó ulder ｟くだけて ｠A 〈人 〉によそよそしい態度を取る ; A 〈人 〉を避ける (→cold-shoulder ).h à ve br ò ad sh ó ulders 肩幅が広い ; ｟ややくだけて ｠〈人が 〉頼りになる .l à y the bl á me on the r ì ght [wr ò ng ] sh ó ulders 責めるべき [責めるべきでない ]人を責める .l ò ok ò ver one's sh ó ulder 1 不安に思っている .2 ↑1 第6例 .l ò ok [w à tch ] ò ver A's sh ó ulder A 〈人 〉の行動を注意深く監視する .p ù t [s è t ] one's sh ó ulder to the wh é el ｟英 くだけて ｠(決心して )一生懸命仕事をし始める .r ù b sh ó ulders with A ｟くだけて ｠A 〈有名人など 〉と交際する, 接触する .sh ò ulder to sh ó ulder ｟ややくだけて ｠1 【人 建物などと 】肩を触れ合って «with » .2 【人と 】(グループの一員として )協力し合って «with » ▸ He stands shoulder to shoulder with me .彼は私と同じ意見だ .(str à ight ) from the sh ó ulder ｟ややくだけて ｠〈非難などが 〉単刀直入に (directly ); 率直に, あからさまに (!ボクシングでストレートパンチをくり出す様子から ) .t ù rn [sh ò w ] the [a ] c ò ld sh ó ulder to [on ] A ＝give A the cold shoulder .動詞 他動詞 1 〈責任 費用など 〉を引き受ける (accept )▸ shoulder the responsibility [blame ] for the traffic accident 交通事故の責任を取る ▸ shoulder the repair costs 修理費を負担する .2 〖～ A ＋副詞 〗A 〈人 物 〉を肩で押す [突く ] (!副詞 は方向の表現 ) ▸ shoulder the old man aside 老人を肩で押しのける ▸ shoulder one's way through [into ] the crowd 群衆を押し分けて通る .3 …を肩にかつぐ ▸ shoulder one's bag 肩にバッグを掛ける ▸ Shoulder arms! 〘軍 〙担 （にな ）え 銃 （つつ ）.自動詞 (肩で押して )前に進む .～́ b à g ショルダーバッグ .～́ b è lt [h à rness ](自動車の )シートベルト .～́ bl à de [b ò ne ]〘解剖 〙肩甲骨 (scapula ).～́ kn ò t 肩飾り ; 〘軍 〙正装肩章 .～́ l ò op 〘英軍 〙肩帯 .～́ m à rk 〘米海軍 〙肩章 .～́ p à d 〖通例 ～s 〗肩パッド .～́ p à tch 〘米軍 〙袖 （そで ）章 .～́ str à p (ドレス スリップ ブラジャーなどの )肩ひも ; シートベルト ; 〘軍 〙肩章 .

 

shoulder-high

sh ò ulder-h í gh 副詞 形容詞 肩の高さまで (の ).

 

shoulder-length

sh ò ulder-l é ngth 形容詞 〈髪が 〉肩まで届く長さの .

 

shouldn't

shouldn't /ʃʊ́d (ə )nt /should not の短縮形 .

 

shouldst

shouldst /ʃədst , ｟強 ｠ʃʊdst /助動詞 ｟古 ｠shallの二人称単数過去形 (!主語がthouの時に用いる ) .

 

should've

should've /ʃʊ́dəv /should haveの短縮形 (!haveが 助動詞 の場合 ) .