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English-Thai Dictionary

retro

N คำ เรียก สั้นๆ ของ retrorocket kam-riak-san-san-kong

retro-

PRF ข้างหลัง kang-lang

retro-

PRF ไป ข้างหลัง กลับคืน มา after backward pai-kang-lang

retroact

VI โต้ตอบ โต้กลับ to-tob

retroaction

N การ เดิน กลับ การ มี ปฏิกิริยา โต้ตอบ

retroactive

ADJ ซึ่ง มีผลย้อนหลัง retrospective reverted sueng-me-pon-yon-lang

retrocede

VI ถอยหลัง ถอยกลับ go back return toi-lang

retrocede

VT มอบ คืน คืน ที่ดิน ให้ give back hand back mob-kuan

retroflexion

N การ งอ ไป ข้างหลัง การ ห่อ ลิ้น การโค้ง กลับ

retrogradation

N การ ถดถอย การ ถอยหลัง decay kan-tod-toi

retrograde

ADJ ไม่ ก้าวหน้า ซึ่ง เสื่อมถอย ล้าหลัง backward unprogressive mai-kao-na

retrograde

VI ถอยหลัง reced slip back toi-lang

retrogradely

ADV อย่าง ถดถอย yang-tod-toi

retrogress

VI ถอยหลัง เสื่อมถอย backslide regress toi-lang

retrogression

N การ ถอยหลัง การ เสื่อมทราม การ ถอยหลังเข้าคลอง regression relapse kan-toi-lang

retrogressive

ADJ ซึ่ง ถอยหลัง ซึ่ง เสื่อมถอย ลง backward unprogressive sueng-toi-lang

retrorse

ADJ ซึ่ง หันไป ด้านหลัง ซึ่ง กระดก กลับ sueng-han-pai-dan-lang

retrospect

N การรำลึก อดีต hindsight remembrance kan-ram-luek-ar-did

retrospection

N การ ระลึกถึง ความหลัง การ มอง ย้อนหลัง การ มอง อดีต looking back remembrance kan-ram-luek-tung-kwam-lang

retrospective

ADJ มีผลย้อนหลัง retroactive me-pon-yon-lang

retrospective

ADJ ระลึกถึง ความหลัง มอง ย้อนหลัง มอง อดีต backward-looking ra-luek-tung-kwam-lang

retrospective

N นิทรรศการ ผลงาน เก่าๆ ของ ศิลปิน exhibition ni-pad-sa-kan-pon-ngan-kao-kao

retroversion

N การ หันไป ด้านหลัง การ กระดก กลับ kan-han-pai-dan-lang

retrovert

VT พลิกกลับ เอียง ไป ข้างหลัง หวน รำลึก

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

RETROACTION

n.[L. retro, backward, and action. ] 1. Action returned, or action backwards.
2. Operation on something past or preceding.

RETROACTIVE

a.[L. retro, backward, and active. ] Operating by returned action; affecting what is past; retrospective.
A retroactive law or statute, is one which operates to affect, make criminal or punishable, acts done prior to the passing of the law.

RETROACTIVELY

adv. By returned action or operation; by operating on something past.

RETROCEDE

v.t.[L. retro, back, and cedo, to give. ] To cede or grant back; as, to retrocede a territory to a former proprietor.

RETROCEDED

pp. Granted back.

RETROCEDING

ppr. Ceding back.

RETROCESSION

n. 1. A ceding or granting back to a former proprietor.
2. The act of going back.

RETRODUCTION

n.[L. retroduco; retro, back, and duco, to lead. ] A leading or bringing back.

RETROFLEX

a.[L. retro, back, and flexus, bent. ] In botany, bent this way and that, or in different directions, usually in a distorted manner; as a retroflex branch.

RETROFRACT, RETROFRACTED

a.[L. retro, back, and fractus, broken. ] Reduced to hang down as it were by force so as to appear as if broken; as a retrofract peduncle.
Bent back towards its insertion, as if it were broken.

RETROGRADATION

n. 1. The act of moving backwards; applied to the apparent motion of the planets.
2. A moving backwards; decline in excellence.

RETROGRADE

a.[L. retrogradior; retro, backwards, and gradior, to go. ] 1. Going or moving backwards.
2. In astronomy, apparently moving backward and contrary to the succession of the signs, as a planet.
3. Declining from a better to a worse state.

RETROGRADE

v.i.[L. retrogradior; retro and gradior, to go. ] To go or move backward.

RETROGRESSION

n.The act of going backward.

RETROGRESSIVE

a.Going or moving backward; declining from a more perfect to a less perfect state. Geography is at times retrogressive.

RETROMINGENCY

n.[L. retro, backward, and mingo, to discharge urine. ] The act of quality of discharging the contents of the bladder backwards.

RETROMINGENT

a.Discharging the urine backwards.

RETROMINGENT

n.In zoology, an animal that discharges its urine backwards. The retromingents are a division of animals whose characteristic is that they discharge their urine backwards, both male and female.

RETROPULSIVE

a.[L. retro, back, and pulsus, pello, to drive. ] Driving back; repelling.

RETRORSELY

adv. retros'ly. [L. retrorsum, backward. ] In a backward direction; as a stem retrorsely aculeate.

RETROSPECT

n.[L. retro, back, and specio, to look. ] A looking back on things past; view or contemplation of something past. The retrospect of a life well spent affords peace of mind in old age.

RETROSPECTION

n. 1. The act of looking back on things past.
2. The faculty of looking back on past things.

RETROSPECTIVE

a. 1. Looking back on past events; as a retrospective view.
2. Having reference to what is past; affecting things past. A penal statute can have no retrospective effect or operation.

RETROSPECTIVELY

adv. By way of retrospect.

RETROVERSION

n.A turning or falling backwards; as the retroversion of the uterus.

RETROVERT

v.t.To turn back.

RETROVERTED

a.[L. retro, back, and verto, to turn. ] Turned back.

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

RETRO-

Retro-. Etym: [L. retro, adv. , backward, back. Cf. Re-. ]

Defn: A prefix or combining form signifying backward, back; as, retroact, to act backward; retrospect, a looking back.

RETROACT

Re `tro *act ", v. i. Etym: [Pref. retro- + act. ]

Defn: To act backward, or in return; to act in opposition; to be retrospective.

RETROACTION

Re `tro *ac "tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétroaction.]

1. Action returned, or action backward.

2. Operation on something past or preceding.

RETROACTIVE

Re `tro *act "ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rétroactif. ]

Defn: Fitted or designed to retroact; operating by returned action; affecting what is past; retrospective. Beddoes. Retroactive law or statute (Law ), one which operates to make criminal or punishable, or in any way expressly to affect, acts done prior to the passing of the law.

RETROACTIVELY

RETROACTIVELY Re `tro *act "ive *ly, adv.

Defn: In a retroactive manner.

RETROCEDE

Re "tro *cede, v. t. Etym: [Pref. retro- + cede: cf. F. rétrocéder.]

Defn: To cede or grant back; as, to retrocede a territory to a former proprietor.

RETROCEDE

Re "tro *cede, v. i. Etym: [L. retrocedere; retro backward, back +cedere to go. See Cede. ]

Defn: To go back.

RETROCEDENT

Re `tro *ced "ent, a. Etym: [L. retrocedens, p. pr. ]

Defn: Disposed or likely to retrocede; -- said of diseases which go from one part of the body to another, as the gout.

RETROCESSION

Re `tro *ces "sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétrocession. See Retrocede. ]

1. The act of retroceding.

2. The state of being retroceded, or granted back.

3. (Med. )

Defn: Metastasis of an eruption or a tumor from the surface to the interior of the body.

RETROCHOIR

Re "tro *choir, n. Etym: [Pref. retro- + choir. ] (Eccl. Arch. )

Defn: Any extension of a church behind the higggggggh altar, as a chapel; also, in an apsidal church, all the space beyond the line of the back or eastern face of the altar.

RETROCOPULANT

Re `tro *cop "u *lant, a. Etym: [See Retrocopulation. ]

Defn: Copulating backward, or from behind.

RETROCOPULATION

Re `tro *cop `u *la "tion, n. Etym: [Pref. retro- + copulation. ]

Defn: Copulation from behind. Sir T. Browne.

RETRODUCTION

Re `tro *duc "tion, n. Etym: [L. retroducere, retroductum, to lead or bring back; retro backward + ducere to lead. ]

Defn: A leading or bringing back.

RETROFLEX; RETROFLEXED

Re "tro *flex, Re "tro *flexed, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. flectere,flexum, to bend, to turn. ]

Defn: Reflexed; bent or turned abruptly backward.

RETROFLEXION

RETROFLEXION Re `tro *flex "ion, n.

Defn: The act of reflexing; the state of being retroflexed. Cf. Retroversion.

RETROFRACT; RETROFRACTED

Re "tro *fract, Re "tro *fract `ed, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. fractus,p. p. of frangere to break. ] (Bot. )

Defn: Refracted; as, a retrofract stem.

RETROGENERATIVE

Re `tro *gen "er *a *tive, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + generative. ]

Defn: Begetting young by retrocopulation.

RETROGRADATION

Re `tro *gra *da "tion, n. Etym: [F. rétrogradation or L. retrogradatio.See Retrograde. ]

1. The act of retrograding, or moving backward.

2. The state of being retrograde; decline.

RETROGRADE

Re "tro *grade, a. Etym: [L. retrogradus, from retrogradi,retrogressus, to retrograde; retro back + gradi to step: cf. F. rétrograde. See Grade. ]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: Apparently moving backward, and contrary to the succession of the signs, that is, from east to west, as a planet. Hutton. And if he be in the west side in that condition, then is he retrograde. Chaucer.

2. Tending or moving backward; having a backward course; contrary; as, a retrograde motion; -- opposed to Ant: progressive. "Progressive and not retrograde. " Bacon. It is most retrograde to our desire. Shak.

3. Declining from a better to a worse state; as, a retrograde people; retrograde ideas, morals, etc. Bacon.

RETROGRADE

Re "tro *grade, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Retrograded; p. pr. & vb. n.Retrograding.] Etym: [L. retrogradare, retrogradi: cf. F. rétrograder. ]

1. To go in a retrograde direction; to move, or appear to move, backward, as a planet.

2. Hence, to decline from a better to a worse condition, as in morals or intelligence.

RETROGRADINGLY

RETROGRADINGLY Re "tro *gra `ding *ly, adv.

Defn: By retrograding; so as to retrograde.

RETROGRESS

Re "tro *gress, n. Etym: [Cf. L. retrogressus.]

Defn: Retrogression. [R.] H. Spenser.

RETROGRESSION

Re `tro *gres "sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétrogression. See Retrograde, and cf. Digression. ]

1. The act of retrograding, or going backward; retrogradation.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Backward development; a passing from a higher to a lower state of organization or structure, as when an animal, approaching maturity, becomes less highly organized than would be expected from its earlier stages or known relationship. Called also retrograde development, and regressive metamorphism.

RETROGRESSIVE

Re `tro *gres "sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rétrogressif.]

1. Tending to retrograde; going or moving backward; declining from a better to a worse state.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Passing from a higher to a lower condition; declining from a more perfect state of organization; regressive.

RETROGRESSIVELY

RETROGRESSIVELY Re `tro *gres "sive *ly, adv.

Defn: In a retrogressive manner.

RETROMINGENCY

RETROMINGENCY Re `tro *min "gen *cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being retromingent. Sir T. Browne.

RETROMINGENT

Re `tro *min "gent, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. mingens, p. pr. of mingere to urinate. ]

Defn: Organized so as to discharge the urine backward. -- n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal that discharges its urine backward.

RETROPULSIVE

Re `tro *pul "sive, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. pellere, pulsum, to impel. ]

Defn: Driving back; repelling.

RETRORSE

Re *trorse ", a. Etym: [L. retrorsus, retroversus; retro back +vertere, versum, to turn. Cf. Retrovert. ]

Defn: Bent backward or downward. -- Re *trorse "ly, adv.

RETROSPECT

Re "tro *spect, v. i. Etym: [L. retrospicere; retro back + specere,spectum, to look. See Spy, and cf. Expect. ]

Defn: To look backward; hence, to affect or concern what is past. It may be useful to retrospect to an early period. A. Hamilton.

RETROSPECT

RETROSPECT Re "tro *spect, n.

Defn: A looking back on things past; view or contemplation of the past. Cowper. We may introduce a song without retrospect to the old comedy. Landor.

RETROSPECTION

RETROSPECTION Re `tro *spec "tion, n.

Defn: The act, or the faculty, of looking back on things past.

RETROSPECTIVE

Re `tro *spec "tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rétrospectif. ]

1. Looking backward; contemplating things past; -- opposed to prospective; as, a retrospective view. The sage, with retrospective eye. Pope.

2. Having reference to what is past; affecting things past; retroactive; as, a retrospective law. Inflicting death by a retrospective enactment. Macaulay.

RETROSPECTIVELY

RETROSPECTIVELY Re `tro *spec "tive *ly, adv.

Defn: By way of retrospect.

RETROUSSE

RETROUSSE Re *trous `sé ", a. [F., p.p. of retrousser to turn up. ]

Defn: Turned up; -- said of a pug nose.

RETROVACCINATION

RETROVACCINATION Re `tro *vac `ci *na "tion, n. (Med. )

Defn: The inoculation of a cow with human vaccine virus.

RETROVERSION

Re `tro *ver "sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétroversion. See Retrovert. ]

Defn: A turning or bending backward; also, the state of being turned or bent backward; displacement backwards; as, retroversion of the uterus.

Note: In retroversion the bending is gradual or curved; in retroflexion it is abrupt or angular.

RETROVERT

Re "tro *vert, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retroverted; p. pr. & vb. n.Retroverting.] Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. vertere, versum, to turn. Cf. Retrorse. ]

Defn: To turn back.

RETROVERTED

RETROVERTED Re "tro *vert *ed, a.

Defn: In a state of retroversion.

New American Oxford Dictionary

retro

ret ro 1 |ˈretrō ˈˌrɛtroʊ | ▶adjective imitative of a style, fashion, or design from the recent past: retro 60s fashions. ▶noun clothes or music whose style or design is imitative of those of the recent past: a look that mixes Italian casual wear and American retro. ORIGIN 1960s: from French rétro, abbreviation of rétrograde ‘retrograde. ’

retro

ret ro 2 |ˈretrō | ▶noun ( pl. retros ) short for retrorocket.

retro-

retro- |ˈrɛtroʊ | ▶comb. form 1 denoting action that is directed backward or is reciprocal: retrocede | retroject. 2 denoting location behind: retrosternal | retrochoir. ORIGIN from Latin retro ‘backward. ’

retroactive

retroactive inhibition

ret ro ac tive in hi bi tion ▶noun Psychology the tendency of later learning to hinder the memory of previously learned material.

retrobulbar

ret ro bul bar |ˌretrōˈbəlbər, -ˌbär ˌrɛtroʊˈbəlbər | ▶adjective [ attrib. ] Anatomy & Medicine situated or occurring behind the eyeball: a retrobulbar abscess.

retrocede

ret ro cede |ˌretrəˈsēd ˌrɛtrəˈsid | ▶verb [ with obj. ] rare cede (territory ) back again: the islands were thrice captured by the English and thrice retroceded to France. DERIVATIVES ret ro ces sion |-ˈseSHən |noun ORIGIN early 19th cent.: from French rétrocéder.

retrochoir

ret ro choir |ˈretrōˌkwīr ˈrɛtroʊkwaɪər | ▶noun the interior of a cathedral or large church behind the high altar. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from medieval Latin retrochorus (see retro-, choir ).

retrod

re trod |rēˈträd riˈtrɑd | past of retread ( sense 1 of the verb ).

retrodden

re trod den |rēˈträdn riˈtrɑdn | past participle of retread ( sense 1 of the verb ).

retrodict

ret ro dict |ˌretrōˈdikt ˈrɛtroʊdɪkt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] state a fact about the past based on inference or deduction, rather than evidence. DERIVATIVES ret ro dic tion noun ORIGIN 1940s: on the pattern of predict .

retroelement

retro |ele ¦ment ▶noun Biochemistry a sequence of DNA in a chromosome that arose by the copying of an RNA virus into DNA by reverse transcriptase and integration of the DNA copy into the chromosome.

retrofit

ret ro fit |ˌretrōˈfit ˌrɛtroʊˈfɪt | ▶verb ( retrofits, retrofitting, retrofitted ) [ with obj. ] add (a component or accessory ) to something that did not have it when manufactured: drivers who retrofit catalysts to older cars. • provide (something ) with a component or accessory not fitted to it during manufacture: buses have been retrofitted with easy-access features. ▶noun an act of adding a component or accessory to something that did not have it when manufactured. • a component or accessory added to something after manufacture. ORIGIN 1950s: blend of retroactive and refit .

retroflex

ret ro flex |ˈretrəˌfleks ˈrɛtrəˌflɛks |(also retroflexed ) ▶adjective Anatomy & Medicine turned backward: retroflex fibers. • Phonetics pronounced with the tip of the tongue curled up toward the hard palate: the retroflex /r /. DERIVATIVES ret ro flex ion |ˌretrəˈflekSHən |noun ORIGIN late 18th cent.: from Latin retroflex- ‘bent backward, ’ from the verb retroflectere, from retro ‘backward ’ + flectere ‘to bend. ’

retrofuturism

ret ro fu tur ism |ˌretrōˈfyo͞oCHəˌrizm ˌrɛtroʊˈfjutʃəˌrɪzm | ▶noun the use of a style or aesthetic considered futuristic in an earlier era. DERIVATIVES ret ro fu tur is tic adjective

retrogradation

ret ro gra da tion |ˌretrōgrāˈdāSHən ˈˌrɛtroʊɡreɪˈdeɪʃən | ▶noun Astronomy & Astrology the apparent temporary reverse motion of a planet (from east to west ), resulting from the relative orbital progress of the earth and the planet. • the orbiting or rotation of a planet or planetary satellite in a reverse direction from that normal in the solar system. ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from late Latin retrogradatio (n )- (see retro-, gradation ).

retrograde

ret ro grade |ˈretrəˌgrād ˈrɛtrəˌɡreɪd | ▶adjective directed or moving backward: a retrograde flow. • reverting to an earlier and inferior condition: to go back on the progress that has been made would be a retrograde step. • (of the order of something ) reversed; inverse: the retrograde form of these inscriptions. • (of amnesia ) involving the period immediately preceding the causal event. • Geology (of a metamorphic change ) resulting from a decrease in temperature or pressure. • Astronomy & Astrology (of the apparent motion of a planet ) in a reverse direction from normal (from east to west ), resulting from the relative orbital progress of the earth and the planet. The opposite of prograde. • Astronomy (of the orbit or rotation of a planet or planetary satellite ) in a reverse direction from that normal in the solar system. ▶noun rare a degenerate person. ▶verb [ no obj. ] 1 archaic go back in position or time: our history must retrograde for the space of a few pages. • revert to an earlier and usually inferior condition: people cannot habitually trample on law and justice without retrograding toward barbarism. 2 Astronomy show retrogradation: all the planets will at some time appear to retrograde. DERIVATIVES ret ro grade ly adverb ( rare )ORIGIN late Middle English (as a term in astronomy ): from Latin retrogradus, from retro ‘backward ’ + gradus ‘step ’ (from gradi ‘to walk ’).

retrogress

ret ro gress |ˌretrəˈgres ˌrɛtrəˈɡrɛs | ▶verb [ no obj. ] go back to an earlier state, typically a worse one: she retrogressed to the starting point of her rehabilitation. ORIGIN early 19th cent.: from retro- ‘back, ’ on the pattern of the verb progress .

retrogression

ret ro gres sion |ˌretrəˈgreSHən ˌrɛtrəˈɡrɛʃən | ▶noun 1 the process of returning to an earlier state, typically a worse one: a kind of extreme retrogression to 19th -century attitudes. 2 Astronomy another term for retrogradation. DERIVATIVES ret ro gres sive |-ˈgresiv |adjective ORIGIN mid 17th cent.: from retro- ‘backward, ’ on the pattern of progression .

retroject

ret ro ject |ˈretrəˌjekt ˌrɛtrəˈʤɛkt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] rare project backward: the rabbinic interpretation is retrojected into the biblical text. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from retro- ‘backward, ’ on the pattern of the verb project .

retrolental fibroplasia

ret ro len tal fi bro pla sia |ˌretrəˈlentl ˌfībrəˈplāZHə ˌrɛtrəˈlɛntl ˌfaɪbrəˈpleɪʒə | ▶noun Medicine abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue immediately behind the lens of the eye, leading to blindness. It affected many premature babies in the 1950s, owing to the excessive administration of oxygen.

retronym

ret ro nym |ˈretrōnim ˈrɛtroʊnɪm ˈretroʊnɪm | ▶noun a new term created from an existing word in order to distinguish it from the meaning that has emerged through progress or technological development (e.g., cloth diaper is a retronym necessitated by the fact that diaper now more commonly refers to a disposable diaper ). ORIGIN 1980s: blend of retro- and -onym .

retroperitoneal

ret ro per i to ne al |ˌretrōˌperətnˈēəl ˌrɛtroʊˌpɛrəˈtoʊniəl | ▶adjective Anatomy & Medicine situated or occurring behind the peritoneum.

retroreflector

ret ro re flec tor |ˌretrōriˈflektər ˌrɛtroʊrəˈflɛktər | ▶noun a device that reflects light back along the incident path, irrespective of the angle of incidence. DERIVATIVES ret ro re flec tive |-ˈflektiv |adjective

retrorocket

ret ro rock et |ˈretrōˌräkit ˈrɛtroʊrɑkɪt | ▶noun a small auxiliary rocket on a spacecraft or missile, fired in the direction of travel to slow the craft down, for example, when landing on the surface of a planet.

retrorse

re trorse |ˈrēˌtrôrs rəˈtrɔrs | ▶adjective Biology turned or pointing backward: retrorse spines. ORIGIN early 19th cent.: from Latin retrorsus, contraction of retroversus, from retro ‘backward ’ + versus ‘turned ’ (past participle of vertere ).

retrospect

ret ro spect |ˈretrəˌspekt ˈrɛtrəˌspɛkt | ▶noun a survey or review of a past course of events or period of time. PHRASES in retrospect when looking back on a past event or situation; with hindsight: perhaps, in retrospect, I shouldn't have gone. ORIGIN early 17th cent.: from retro- ‘back, ’ on the pattern of the noun prospect .

retrospection

ret ro spec tion |ˌretrəˈspekSHən ˌrɛtrəˈspɛkʃən | ▶noun the action of looking back on or reviewing past events or situations, esp. those in one's own life: he was disinclined to indulge in retrospection. ORIGIN mid 17th cent.: probably from retrospect (used as a verb ).

retrospective

ret ro spec tive |ˌretrəˈspektiv ˌrɛtrəˈspɛktɪv | ▶adjective looking back on or dealing with past events or situations: our survey was retrospective. • (of an exhibition or compilation ) showing the development of an artist's work over a period of time. • (of a statute or legal decision ) taking effect from a date in the past: retrospective pay awards. ▶noun an exhibition or compilation showing the development of the work of a particular artist over a period of time: a Georgia O'Keeffe retrospective. DERIVATIVES ret ro spec tive ly adverb

retrosternal

ret ro ster nal |ˌretrōˈstərnl ˌrɛtroʊˈstərnl | ▶adjective Anatomy & Medicine behind the breastbone.

retrotransposon

ret ro trans po son |ˌretrōtransˈpōˌzän, -tranz- ˌrɛtroʊtrænsˈpoʊzɑn | ▶noun Genetics a transposon whose sequence shows homology with that of a retrovirus.

retroussé

ret rous sé |rəˌtro͞oˈsā ˌretro͞o -ˌrɛtruˈseɪ | ▶adjective (of a person's nose ) turned up at the tip, esp. in an attractive way. ORIGIN early 19th cent.: French, literally ‘tucked up, ’ past participle of retrousser .

retroverted

ret ro vert ed |ˌretrəˈvərtəd ˈrɛtrəvərdəd | ▶adjective Anatomy (of the uterus ) tilted abnormally backward. DERIVATIVES ret ro ver sion |-ˈvərZHən |noun ORIGIN late 18th cent.: from Latin retrovertere ‘turn backward ’ + -ed 2 .

Retrovir

Ret ro vir |ˈretrōˌvi (ə )r ˈrɛtroʊvɪər | ▶noun trademark for zidovudine. ORIGIN 1980s: abbreviation of retrovirus .

retrovirus

ret ro vi rus |ˌretrōˈvīrəs, ˈretrōˌvīrəs ˌrɛtroʊˈvaɪrəs | ▶noun Biology any of a group of RNA viruses that insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate, e.g., HIV. ORIGIN 1970s: modern Latin, from the initial letters of reverse transcriptase + virus .

Oxford Dictionary

retro

retro 1 |ˈrɛtrəʊ | ▶adjective imitative of a style or fashion from the recent past: retro 60s fashions. ▶noun [ mass noun ] retro clothes, music, or style: a look which mixes Italian casual wear and American retro. ORIGIN 1960s: from French rétro, abbreviation of rétrograde ‘retrograde ’.

retro

retro 2 |ˈrɛtrəʊ | ▶noun ( pl. retros ) short for retrorocket.

retro-

retro- |ˈrɛtrəʊ | ▶combining form 1 denoting action that is directed backwards or is reciprocal: retrocede | retroject. 2 denoting location behind: retrosternal | retrochoir. ORIGIN from Latin retro ‘backwards ’.

retroactive

retroactive |rɛtrəʊˈaktɪv | ▶adjective (especially of legislation ) taking effect from a date in the past: a big retroactive tax increase. DERIVATIVES retroact verb, retroaction noun, retroactively adverb, retroactivity |-ˈtɪvɪti |noun

retroactive interference

retroactive interference (also retroactive inhibition ) ▶noun [ mass noun ] Psychology the tendency of later learning to hinder the memory of previously learned material.

retrobulbar

retrobulbar |ˌrɛtrəʊˈbʌlbə | ▶adjective Anatomy & Medicine situated or occurring behind the eyeball: a retrobulbar abscess.

retrocede

retrocede |ˌrɛtrə (ʊ )ˈsiːd | ▶verb [ with obj. ] rare cede (territory ) back again: Spain retroceded the colony to France. DERIVATIVES retrocession |-ˈsɛʃ (ə )n |noun ORIGIN early 19th cent.: from French rétrocéder.

retrochoir

retrochoir |ˈrɛtrəʊˌkwʌɪə | ▶noun the interior of a cathedral or large church behind the high altar. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from medieval Latin retrochorus (see retro-, choir ).

retrod

re ¦trod |riːˈtrɒd | past of retread ( sense 1 of the verb ).

retrodden

re |trod ¦den |riːˈtrɒdən | past participle of retread ( sense 1 of the verb ).

retrodiction

retrodiction |ˌrɛtrə (ʊ )ˈdɪkʃ (ə )n | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the explanation or interpretation of past actions or events inferred from the laws that are assumed to have governed them. DERIVATIVES retrodict verb

retroelement

retrofit

retrofit |ˈrɛtrəʊfɪt | ▶verb ( retrofits, retrofitting, retrofitted ) [ with obj. ] add (a component or accessory ) to something that did not have it when manufactured: motorists who retrofit catalysts to older cars. • provide (something ) with a component or accessory not fitted during manufacture: buses have been retrofitted with easy-access features. ▶noun an act of retrofitting a component or accessory. • a component or accessory added to something after manufacture. ORIGIN 1950s: blend of retroactive and refit .

retroflex

retroflex |ˈrɛtrə (ʊ )flɛks |(also retroflexed ) ▶adjective Anatomy & Medicine turned backwards: a retroflexed endoscope. • Phonetics pronounced with the tip of the tongue curled up towards the hard palate: the retroflex /r /. DERIVATIVES retroflexion |-ˈflɛkʃ (ə )n |noun ORIGIN late 18th cent.: from Latin retroflex- ‘bent backwards ’, from the verb retroflectere, from retro ‘backwards ’ + flectere ‘to bend ’.

retrofuturism

retrofuturism |ˌrɛtrəʊˈfjuːtʃərɪz (ə )m | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the use of a style or aesthetic considered futuristic in an earlier era. DERIVATIVES retro-futuristic adjective

retrogradation

retrogradation |ˌrɛtrəʊgrəˈdeɪʃ (ə )n | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Astronomy & Astrology the apparent temporary reverse motion of a planet (from east to west ), resulting from the relative orbital progress of the earth and the planet. • the orbiting or rotation of a planet or planetary satellite in a reverse direction from that normal in the solar system. ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from late Latin retrogradation- (see retro-, gradation ).

retrograde

retro |grade |ˈrɛtrəgreɪd | ▶adjective 1 directed or moving backwards: a retrograde flow. • Astronomy & Astrology (of the apparent motion of a planet ) in a reverse direction from normal (from east to west ), resulting from the relative orbital progress of the earth and the planet. The opposite of prograde. • Astronomy (of the orbit or rotation of a planet or planetary satellite ) in a reverse direction from that normal in the solar system. 2 reverting to an earlier and inferior condition: to go back on the progress that has been made would be a retrograde step. 3 (of the order of something ) reversed; inverse: the retrograde form of these inscriptions. 4 Geology (of a metamorphic change ) resulting from a decrease in temperature or pressure. ▶noun rare a degenerate person. ▶verb [ no obj. ] 1 archaic go back in position or time: our history must retrograde for the space of a few pages. • revert to an earlier and inferior condition. people cannot habitually trample on law and justice without retrograding toward barbarism. 2 Astronomy show retrograde motion. DERIVATIVES retrogradely adverb ORIGIN late Middle English (as a term in astronomy ): from Latin retrogradus, from retro ‘backwards ’ + gradus ‘step ’ (from gradi ‘to walk ’).

retrogress

retrogress |ˌrɛtrə (ʊ )ˈgrɛs | ▶verb [ no obj. ] go back to an earlier state, typically a worse one: she retrogressed to the starting point of her rehabilitation. ORIGIN early 19th cent.: from retro- ‘back ’, on the pattern of the verb progress .

retrogression

retro |gres ¦sion |ˌrɛtrə (ʊ )ˈgrɛʃ (ə )n | ▶noun [ mass noun ] 1 the process of returning to an earlier state, typically a worse one: a retrogression to 19th -century attitudes. 2 Astronomy another term for retrogradation. DERIVATIVES retrogressive |-sɪv |adjective ORIGIN mid 17th cent.: from retro- ‘backwards ’, on the pattern of progression .

retroject

retroject |ˌrɛtrə (ʊ )ˈdʒɛkt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] rare project backwards: the rabbinic interpretation is retrojected into the biblical text. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from retro- ‘backwards ’, on the pattern of the verb project .

retrolental fibroplasia

retrolental fibroplasia |ˌrɛtrəʊˌlɛnt (ə )l ˌfʌɪbrəʊˈpleɪzɪə | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Medicine abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue immediately behind the lens of the eye, leading to blindness. It affected many premature babies in the 1950s, owing to the excessive administration of oxygen. ORIGIN 1940s: from retro- + Latin lens, lent- ‘lentil ’ + -al .

retronym

retronym |ˈrɛtrə (ʊ )nɪm | ▶noun a new term created from an existing word in order to distinguish the original referent of the existing word from a later one that is the product of progress or technological development (e.g. acoustic guitar for guitar ). ORIGIN 1980s: blend of retro- and -onym .

retroperitoneal

retroperitoneal |ˌrɛtrəʊˌpɛrɪtəˈnɪəl | ▶adjective Anatomy & Medicine situated or occurring behind the peritoneum.

retroreflector

retro |reflect ¦or |ˈrɛtrəʊrɪˌflɛktə | ▶noun a device which reflects light back along the incident path, irrespective of the angle of incidence. DERIVATIVES retroreflective adjective

retrorocket

retro |rocket |ˈrɛtrəʊrɒkɪt | ▶noun a small auxiliary rocket on a spacecraft or missile, fired in the direction of travel to slow the craft down, for example when landing on the surface of a planet.

retrorse

retrorse |rɪˈtrɔːs | ▶adjective Biology turned or pointing backwards: retrorse spines. ORIGIN early 19th cent.: from Latin retrorsus, contraction of retroversus, from retro ‘backwards ’ + versus ‘turned ’ (past participle of vertere ).

retrospect

retro |spect |ˈrɛtrəspɛkt | ▶noun a survey or review of a past course of events or period of time. PHRASES in retrospect when looking back on a past event or situation; with hindsight: perhaps, in retrospect, I shouldn't have gone. ORIGIN early 17th cent.: from retro- ‘back ’, on the pattern of the noun prospect .

retrospection

retro |spec ¦tion |rɛtrə (ʊ )ˈspɛkʃ (ə )n | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the action of looking back on or reviewing past events or situations, especially those in one's own life: he was disinclined to indulge in retrospection. ORIGIN mid 17th cent.: probably from retrospect (used as a verb ).

retrospective

retro |spect |ive |rɛtrə (ʊ )ˈspɛktɪv | ▶adjective looking back on or dealing with past events or situations: our survey was retrospective. • (of an exhibition or compilation ) showing the development of an artist's work over a period of time. • (of a statute or legal decision ) taking effect from a date in the past: retrospective pay awards. ▶noun an exhibition or compilation showing the development of an artist's work over a period of time: a Georgia O'Keeffe retrospective. DERIVATIVES retrospectively adverb

retrosternal

retrosternal |ˌrɛtrə (ʊ )ˈstəːn (ə )l | ▶adjective Anatomy & Medicine behind the breastbone.

retrotransposon

retrotransposon |ˌrɛtrəʊtransˈpəʊzɒn, -trɑːns -, -tranz- | ▶noun Genetics a transposon whose sequence shows homology with that of a retrovirus.

retroussé

retroussé |rəˈtruːseɪ | ▶adjective (of a person's nose ) turned up at the tip in an attractive way. ORIGIN early 19th cent.: French, literally ‘tucked up ’, past participle of retrousser .

retroverted

retroverted |ˈrɛtrəʊvəːtɪd | ▶adjective Anatomy (of the uterus ) tilted abnormally backwards. DERIVATIVES retroversion |-ˈvəːʃ (ə )n |noun ORIGIN late 18th cent.: from Latin retrovertere ‘turn backwards ’ + -ed 2 .

Retrovir

Retrovir |ˈrɛtrə (ʊ )vɪə | ▶noun trademark for zidovudine. ORIGIN 1980s: abbreviation of retrovirus .

retrovirus

retrovirus |ˈrɛtrəʊˌvʌɪrəs | ▶noun Biology any of a group of RNA viruses which insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate, e.g. HIV. DERIVATIVES retroviral adjective ORIGIN 1970s: modern Latin, from the initial letters of reverse transcriptase + virus .

American Oxford Thesaurus

retrograde

retrograde adjective 1 a retrograde step: for the worse, regressive, negative, downhill, unwelcome. ANTONYMS positive, forward-looking. 2 retrograde motion: backward, backwards, reverse, rearward. ANTONYMS forward.

retrospect

retrospect noun PHRASES in retrospect in retrospect, we can see that more guards should have been installed at the front gate: looking back, on reflection, on re-examination, in /with hindsight.

retrospective

retrospective adjective the government introduced retrospective legislation: backdated, retroactive, ex post facto. ▶noun a two-hour retrospective on the Great Depression: look back, reflection, review.

Oxford Thesaurus

retro

retro adjective a retro restaurant with a Fifties-style lunch counter: in period style, period, nostalgic, evocative, of yesteryear, olde worlde; dated, old-fashioned, backward-looking, retrogressive, out of date, passé.

retrograde

retrograde adjective 1 the closure of the factory is a retrograde step: for the worse, regressive, negative, downhill, unwelcome, unprogressive; worsening, deteriorating, degenerate, declining. ANTONYMS positive, forward-looking. 2 the retrograde motion of the planets: backward, backwards, reverse, rearward, directed backwards, retreating, retrogressive. ANTONYMS forward.

retrospect

retrospect noun PHRASES in retrospect looking back, thinking back, on reflection, on re-examination, in /with hindsight.

retrospective

retrospective adjective the Government introduced retrospective legislation to change the rules: backdated, retroactive, ex post facto, backward-looking.

Duden Dictionary

retro

re t ro , re tro Adjektiv Jargon |r e tro |indeklinables Adjektiv englisch retro < französisch rétro, kurz für: rétrograde < spätlateinisch retrogradis, retrograd Elemente früherer Stilrichtungen in Musik, Design o. Ä. nachahmend etwas ist, klingt retro

Retro

Re t ro , Re tro Substantiv, maskulin oder Substantiv, Neutrum , der oder das |R e tro |der oder das Retro; Genitiv: des Retro < meist ohne Artikel > englisch retro < französisch rétro, substantiviert aus: rétro, retro [bewusste ] Nachahmung von Elementen früherer Stilrichtungen in Musik, Design o. Ä. das Retro passt sehr gut ins Umfeld dieser Zeit | im letzten Jahr gab es viel Retro

Retro

Re t ro , Re tro Substantiv, feminin umgangssprachlich , die |R e tro |die Retro; Genitiv: der Retro, Plural: die Retros Kurzwort für: Retrospektive 2 Kurzwort für: Retrospektive 1 die Ausstellung zeigt eine Retro des Regisseurs

retro-

re t ro-, Re t ro-, re tro- Re tro- Präfix Retro- lateinisch retro a Bestimmungswort in Zusammensetzungen mit der Bedeutung nach hinten, rückwärts [gerichtet ] z. B. retrospektiv, Retroflexion b besonders Medizin Bestimmungswort in Zusammensetzungen mit der Bedeutung hinten, hinter etwas gelegen, lokalisiert z. B. retronasal

retroaktiv

re t ro ak tiv , re tro ak tiv Adjektiv Psychologie |retroakt i v |lateinisch-neulateinisch rückwirkend retroaktive Hemmung Beeinträchtigung des Behaltens von etwas Gelerntem, wenn unmittelbar darauf etwas Neues eingeprägt wird retroaktive Suggestion Suggestion, die frühere Bewusstseinsinhalte und Erinnerungen aktiviert

retrobulbär

re t ro bul bär, re tro bul bär Adjektiv Medizin |retrobulb ä r |hinter dem Augapfel gelegen

Retrodesign

Re t ro de sign , Re tro de sign Substantiv, Neutrum , das |R e trodesign …diza͜in |aus retro und Design Formgestaltung, die bewusst auf Gestaltungselemente früherer Stilrichtungen zurückgreift das überaus erfolgreiche Retrodesign im Bereich der Küchenutensilien | ein Wohnzimmer im Retrodesign

retroflex

re t ro flex , re tro flex Adjektiv Sprachwissenschaft |retrofl e x |zu lateinisch retroflexum, 2. Partizip von: retroflectere = zurückbiegen (von Lauten ) mit der zurückgebogenen Zungenspitze gebildet; zerebral 2

Retroflex

Re t ro flex , Re tro flex Substantiv, maskulin Sprachwissenschaft , der |Retrofl e x |der Retroflex; Genitiv: des Retroflexes, Plural: die Retroflexe mit der zurückgebogenen Zungenspitze gebildeter Laut; Zerebral

Retroflexion

Re t ro fle xi on , Re tro fle xi on Substantiv, feminin Medizin , die |Retroflexi o n |Abknickung eines Organs (besonders der Gebärmutter ) nach hinten

retrograd

re t ro grad , re tro grad Adjektiv |retrogr a d |spätlateinisch retrogradis = zurückgehend, zu lateinisch gradi = schreiten 1 Astronomie rückläufig 2 2 Sprachwissenschaft rückgebildet eine retrograde Bildung (Rückbildung )3 Medizin (von Amnesien ) die Zeit vor dem Verlust des Bewusstseins betreffend

retrolental

re t ro len tal , re tro len tal Adjektiv Medizin |retrolent a l |lateinisch-neulateinisch hinter der Augenlinse gelegen

Retrolook

Re t ro look , Re tro look Substantiv, maskulin , der |R e trolook …lʊk |ohne Plural aus retro und Look Modestil, der an Formen und Farben vergangener Stilepochen anknüpft Modelle im Retrolook der 50er -Jahre

retronasal

re t ro na sal , re tro na sal Adjektiv Medizin |retronas a l |hinter der Nase, im Nasen-Rachen-Raum lokalisiert, befindlich

retroperitoneal

re t ro pe ri to ne al , re tro pe ri to ne al Adjektiv Medizin |retroperitone a l |hinter dem Bauchfell gelegen

Retrospektion

Re t ro s pek ti on , Re tro spek ti on Substantiv, feminin bildungssprachlich , die |Retrospekti o n |zu lateinisch spectum, 2. Partizip von: specere = schauen Rückschau

retrospektiv

re t ro s pek tiv , re tro spek tiv Adjektiv bildungssprachlich |retrospekt i v |zurückschauend, rückblickend eine retrospektive Sicht | etwas retrospektiv betrachten

Retrospektive

Re t ro s pek ti ve , Re tro spek ti ve Substantiv, feminin bildungssprachlich , die |Retrospekt i ve |die Retrospektive; Genitiv: der Retrospektive, Plural: die Retrospektiven 1 Blick in die Vergangenheit; Rückblick, Rückschau Kurzform: Retro erst die Retrospektive wird die historische Bedeutung der Ereignisse erkennen lassen | in der Retrospektive (rückblickend )2 Präsentation (in Form einer Ausstellung, einer Reihe von Aufführungen o. Ä.) des [früheren ] Werks eines Künstlers, der Kunst einer zurückliegenden Zeit o. Ä. Kurzform: Retro das Kino zeigt in einer großen Retrospektive die wichtigsten Filme von Charlie Chaplin

Retrospiel

Re t ro spiel , Re tro spiel Substantiv, Neutrum Schach , das |R e trospiel |das Retrospiel; Genitiv: des Retrospiel [e ]s, Plural: die Retrospiele schrittweises Zurücknehmen einer bestimmten Folge von Zügen bis zu einer bestimmten Ausgangsstellung

retrosternal

re t ro s ter nal, re tro ster nal Adjektiv Medizin |retrostern a l |hinter dem Brustbein gelegen

Retrotrend

Re t ro trend , Re tro trend Substantiv, maskulin , der |R e trotrend |aus retro und Trend Trend, der bewusst auf frühere Stilrichtungen zurückgreift ein modischer, schneller, nie endender Retrotrend | im Retrotrend liegen

Retroversion

Re t ro ver si on , Re tro ver si on Substantiv, feminin Medizin , die |Retroversi o n |Rückwärtsneigung, besonders der Gebärmutter

retrovertieren

re t ro ver tie ren , re tro ver tie ren schwaches Verb |retrovert ie ren |lateinisch zurückneigen, zurückwenden

Retrovirus

Re t ro vi rus , Re tro vi rus Substantiv, Neutrum oder Substantiv, maskulin Medizin , das oder der |R e trovirus |das, außerhalb der Fachsprache auch: der Retrovirus meist im Plural aus englisch re verse tr anscriptase und Virus Tumore erzeugendes Virus

Retrovisor

Re t ro vi sor , Re tro vi sor Substantiv, maskulin , der |Retrov i sor |der Retrovisor; Genitiv: des Retrovisors, Plural: die Retrovisoren lateinisch-neulateinisch Spiegelsystem, mit dem der Fahrer über das eigene Auto und durch die Fenster eines angehängten Wohnwagens sehen kann

retrozedieren

re t ro ze die ren , re tro ze die ren schwaches Verb |retrozed ie ren |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « lateinisch retrocedere = zurückweichen 1 a veraltet zurückweichen b veraltet (eine Sache, einen Rechtsanspruch o. Ä.) wieder abtreten 2 Wirtschaft rückversichern

Retrozession

Re t ro zes si on , Re tro zes si on Substantiv, feminin , die |Retrozessi o n |lateinisch retrocessio = das Zurückweichen, zu: retrocedere, retrozedieren 1 veraltet das Retrozedieren 1 2 Wirtschaft Form der Rückversicherung

French Dictionary

rétro

rétro adj. inv. et n. m. nom masculin Style des années 1920 à 1960. : Le rétro est-il encore en vogue?

rétro-

rétro - préf. préfixe Élément du latin signifiant « en arrière ». Note Technique Les mots composés du préfixe rétro - s ’écrivent en un seul mot. Rétrograder.

rétroactif

rétroactif , ive adj. adjectif Qui agit sur ce qui est antérieur. : Une augmentation rétroactive au début de l ’année.

rétroaction

rétroaction n. f. nom féminin Information tirée d ’une situation et utilisée pour le contrôle, la prévision ou la correction immédiate ou future de cette situation. : Il importe de recevoir la rétroaction (et non le *feed-back ). Rétroaction (biologique ). médecine Effet réactionnel engendré dans un organisme par son propre fonctionnement dont il assure le contrôle (GDT ). : Observer la rétroaction biologique (et non le *biofeedback ).

rétroactivement

rétroactivement adv. adverbe D ’une manière rétroactive.

rétroactivité

rétroactivité n. f. nom féminin Caractère rétroactif. : La rétroactivité d ’une mesure.

rétroagir

rétroagir v. intr. verbe intransitif littéraire droit Avoir un effet rétroactif. finir

rétrocaveuse

rétrocaveuse n. f. nom féminin Type de pelle dont le godet tourné vers le bas permet l ’extraction du terrain au-dessous du niveau de la plate-forme de travail (GDT ).

rétrochargeuse

rétrochargeuse n. f. nom féminin Chargeuse dont le godet peut être rempli à l ’avant et déchargé à l ’arrière, en passant par-dessus l ’engin (Recomm. off. ). : La rétrochargeuse (et non le *back loader ) a l ’avantage de pouvoir travailler dans des espaces restreints, comme dans les mines. Note Sémantique Ne pas confondre avec le nom chargeuse-pelleteuse, engin de terrassement comportant à l ’avant un équipement de chargeur et à l ’arrière un équipement de pelle rétrocaveuse.

rétrogradation

rétrogradation n. f. nom féminin Mesure par laquelle une personne doit occuper un poste inférieur au précédent. : Il a subi une rétrogradation (et non une *démotion ).

rétrograde

rétrograde adj. adjectif 1 Qui va en sens inverse. : Un mouvement rétrograde. 2 figuré Qui rejette le progrès. : Une décision rétrograde. SYNONYME arriéré ; réactionnaire .

rétrograder

rétrograder v. tr. , intr. verbe transitif Faire reculer dans la hiérarchie. : Rétrograder un employé. verbe intransitif 1 Reculer, régresser. : Ils ont rétrogradé dans la hiérarchie. 2 automobile Changer de vitesse. : Avant de freiner, il faudrait rétrograder. aimer

rétroprojecteur

rétroprojecteur n. m. Appareil destiné à projeter sur un écran des textes, des images figurant sur un transparent.

rétrospectif

rétrospectif , ive adj. adjectif Qui concerne le passé. : Une étude rétrospective. ANTONYME prospectif .

rétrospection

rétrospection n. f. nom féminin Action de remonter dans le passé.

rétrospective

rétrospective n. f. nom féminin 1 Exposition récapitulative des œuvres d ’un peintre, d ’un auteur, etc. : Une magnifique rétrospective des impressionnistes. 2 Présentation de l ’ensemble des films d ’un cinéaste. : Une rétrospective de Walt Disney.

rétrospectivement

rétrospectivement adv. adverbe D ’une manière rétrospective, après coup. : Elle n ’a compris que rétrospectivement, après une nuit de sommeil.

retroussé

retroussé , ée adj. adjectif Dont l ’extrémité est relevée. : Un charmant nez retroussé.

retrousser

retrousser v. tr. verbe transitif Relever vers le haut. : Retrousse ton pantalon pour traverser le ruisseau. LOCUTION Retrousser ses manches. figuré Se mettre résolument au travail. aimer

retrouvailles

retrouvailles n. f. pl. nom féminin pluriel Fait de se retrouver, en parlant de personnes qui étaient séparées. : Les retrouvailles des diplômés M.B.A. des HEC de 1982. Note Technique Ce mot ne s ’emploie qu ’au pluriel.

retrouver

retrouver v. tr. , pronom. verbe transitif Trouver de nouveau ce qui était égaré, oublié. : Il a retrouvé son chapeau. Je n ’arrive pas à retrouver le nom de ce petit restaurant. verbe pronominal Être de nouveau (dans un lieu, parmi des personnes, dans une situation qu ’on avait quittés ). : Qu ’il est agréable de se retrouver chez soi après un long voyage! Elles se sont retrouvées à la campagne avec bonheur. Note Grammaticale À la forme pronominale, le participe passé de ce verbe s ’accorde toujours en genre et en nombre avec son sujet. Les amis se sont retrouvés au café. FORME FAUTIVE retrouver. Impropriété au sens de trouver. : Vous trouverez (et non *retrouverez ) cette explication dans vos notes de cours. aimer

rétroviral

rétroviral , ale , aux adj. médecine Relatif à un rétrovirus. : Des infections rétrovirales humaines.

rétrovirus

rétrovirus n. m. médecine Virus dont une forme, le VIH, provoque le sida.

rétroviseur

rétroviseur n. m. nom masculin Miroir permettant au conducteur d ’un véhicule de voir en arrière.

Spanish Dictionary

retro

retro adjetivo coloquial Que imita o evoca el gusto o la moda de un tiempo pasado o anticuado :música retro; cine retro; moda retro . VÉASE pacto de retro .

retro-

retro- Prefijo de origen latino que entra en la formación de nombres, adjetivos y verbos con el significado de ‘hacia atrás ’:retrovisor, retroactivo, retrotraer .

retroacción

retroacción nombre femenino 1 Efecto retroactivo .2 En un sistema o proceso que se regula a sí mismo, acción por la que cada resultado del proceso incide en el conjunto del proceso integrándolo y modificándolo .SINÓNIMO realimentación, retroalimentación .3 En cibernética, característica de un sistema que consiste en el hecho de que parte de la señal de salida vuelve a entrar en el sistema como parte de la señal de entrada, a menudo con un retraso temporal, y constituye un bucle cerrado; permite que el sistema tenga capacidad de control y autocorrección .SINÓNIMO realimentación, retroalimentación .

retroactividad

retroactividad nombre femenino Cualidad de retroactivo .

retroactivo, -va

retroactivo, -va adjetivo Que tiene aplicación o validez a partir de un tiempo pasado determinado :una ley votada ahora pero con efecto retroactivo .

retroalimentación

retroalimentación nombre femenino Realimentación :terminales de retroalimentación .

retrocarga

retrocarga Palabra que se utiliza en la locución de retrocarga , que se aplica a las armas de fuego que se cargan por la parte inferior de su mecanismo, y no, como antes, por la boca del cañón .

retroceder

retroceder verbo intransitivo 1 Volver hacia atrás en el tiempo o en el espacio :algunos autores hacen que el lector retroceda en el tiempo para enseñarle costumbres, hechos históricos o leyendas de civilizaciones como la egipcia, la griega o la celta; el automóvil retrocedió para buscar un lugar de estacionamiento .2 Abandonar una acción que se ha empezado o un plan o proyecto que se tiene ante la presencia de un obstáculo o un peligro :se encontró tantos impedimentos que no le quedó más remedio que retroceder en el intento .ETIMOLOGÍA Préstamo (s. xv ) del latín retrocedere formado por retro ‘hacia atrás ’ y cedere ‘ceder ’. De la familia etimológica de ceder (V.).

retroceso

retroceso nombre masculino 1 Acción de retroceder :movimiento de retroceso; el retroceso de las paredes rocosas de fuerte pendiente origina una plataforma de abrasión marina .2 Recrudecimiento de una enfermedad que había empezado a declinar :si el paciente no sufre retroceso en las próximas 24 horas, le daremos el alta .3 Movimiento brusco hacia atrás que da un arma de fuego al dispararla :agarra el arma con las dos manos porque el retroceso puede hacerte caer .4 Lance del juego de billar que consiste en picar la bola en su parte baja para que vuelva hacia el punto de partida después de chocar con otra bola :el retroceso es una de las habilidades con que el famoso billarista deleita al público .

retrocuenta

retrocuenta nombre femenino Acción de contar del número mayor al menor .

retrógrado, -da

retrógrado, -da adjetivo 1 Que retrocede :las armas de fuego realizan un movimiento retrógrado al ser disparadas .2 adjetivo /nombre masculino y femenino [persona ] Que es partidario de ideas o instituciones políticas o sociales propias de tiempos pasados :dice que el presidente “representa el pasado, es un político retrógrado, anticuado y reaccionario ”.3 adjetivo Que es propio de esta persona :su mentalidad retrógrada reprueba ciertas libertades de costumbres .

retronar

retronar verbo intransitivo Producir un estruendo retumbante :los cañones retronaban por todo el campo de batalla . Conjugación [31 ] como contar .

retropié

retropié nombre masculino anat Parte posterior del pie, formada por el astrágalo y el calcáneo :realizamos procedimientos quirúrgicos en el retropié .

retropropulsión

retropropulsión nombre femenino fís Producción de un movimiento por reacción, especialmente en aeronaves :aparato de retropropulsión .

retroproyector

retroproyector nombre masculino Proyector que reproduce una imagen sobre una pantalla colocada generalmente detrás de la persona que lo maneja :el profesor pidió al portero que le dejara el retroproyector en el aula .

retrospección

retrospección nombre femenino Mirada o examen que se hace de un tiempo pasado para evocarlo o recordarlo .

retrospectivo, -va

retrospectivo, -va adjetivo 1 Que hace referencia a un tiempo pasado :imagen retrospectiva; a medida que avanza la película, el espectador se da cuenta de que las escenas iniciales son contadas de forma retrospectiva por el protagonista .2 adjetivo /nombre femenino [exposición, programa ] Que muestra las obras de épocas anteriores de un artista, una escuela o una época :el museo etnográfico acogerá una muestra retrospectiva sobre las fiestas de la capital; la galería abre hoy una retrospectiva de la obra del escultor paraguayo; se ofrecerá una amplia retrospectiva de cine soviético de los años treinta .ETIMOLOGÍA Derivado (s. xix ) del verbo latino retrospicere ‘mirar atrás ’, formado por el adverbio retro ‘hacia atrás ’ y specere ‘mirar ’. De la familia etimológica de aspecto (V.).

retrotraer

retrotraer verbo transitivo 1 Hacer que una persona retroceda mentalmente a un tiempo o época pasada :el accidente sufrido ayer en la central nuclear inevitablemente nos retrotrae a los gravísimos sucesos acaecidos hace unos años en Chernóbil; el psicoanalista pidió a la paciente que se retrotrajera a los felices momentos de su infancia ;mediante un flashback, la narración se retrotrae veinte años, cuando, todavía niño, el teniente se dispone a ingresar en la escuela militar .SINÓNIMO retraer .2 Establecer [una ley, decreto, etc. ] que lo que en ella se dispone tenga validez en un período de tiempo determinado, anterior al de su aprobación :aunque el nacimiento determina la personalidad humana, la ley retrotrae en muchos casos a una fecha anterior los derechos del nacido . Conjugación [88 ] como traer .

retroventa

retroventa nombre femenino der Venta que una persona hace de una cosa a la persona que se la había vendido a ella anteriormente, con la cual recupera el precio pagado .

retroversión

retroversión nombre femenino med Desviación hacia atrás de algún órgano del cuerpo .

retrovirus

retrovirus nombre masculino biol Virus de ácido ribonucleico que posee una enzima que convierte su material genético en ácido desoxirribonucleico al penetrar en una célula viva :el virus del sida es un retrovirus .El plural es retrovirus .

retrovisor

retrovisor nombre masculino Espejo pequeño que llevan ciertos vehículos en la parte interior delante del conductor y en la parte exterior en uno o ambos laterales para que el conductor pueda ver lo que hay o pasa detrás .

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

retro

ret ro /rétroʊ /形容詞復古調の, リバイバルの, レトロの .名詞複～s C 1 ＝retrorocket .2 昔風 (のもの ); 回顧展 (retrospective ).

retro-

ret ro- /rétroʊ /複合要素後方へ, 元へ .

retroactive

r è tro á ctive 形容詞｟かたく｠〈法律などが〉制定前にさかのぼって効力のある, 遡（そ）及力のある ▸ a retroactive law 遡及法 ▸ a retroactive pay raise さかのぼっての昇給～ly 副詞

retrofit

r è tro f í t 動詞 (→fit 1 )他動詞〈飛行機建物など〉を (新しい装置設備などを取り付けて )改造する, 改良する .

retroflex(ed)

ret ro flex (ed )/rétrəflèks (t )/形容詞 1 そり返った, 反転した ; 〘医〙後屈した .2 〘音声〙そり舌の, 反転音の .

retrograde

ret ro grade /rétrəɡrèɪd /形容詞｟かたく｠1 後退する, 逆行する, 後ろ向きの ; 退却 [退去 ]する ; 〘天〙〈惑星などが〉逆行する ▸ a retrograde step 後退 2 退化する, 退歩する .動詞自動詞｟かたく｠1 後退する ; 〘天〙逆行する .2 〈生物などが〉退化する ; 衰退する .

retrogress

ret ro gress /rètrəɡrés /動詞自動詞 1 ｟かたく｠後退する ; 退歩する ; 悪化する ; 衰退する .2 〘生物〙退化する .

retrogression

ret ro gres sion /rètrəɡréʃ (ə )n /名詞 U 〖時にa ～〗1 後退, 逆行, 退歩 .2 〘生物〙退化 .3 〘天〙逆行 .

retrogressive

ret ro gres sive /rètrəɡrésɪv /形容詞｟かたく｠後退する, 逆行する ; 退化 [退歩 ]する .～ly 副詞

retrorocket

r é tro r ò cket 名詞 C 逆推進ロケット .

retrospect

ret ro spect /rétrəspèkt /名詞 U ｟かたく｠回顧, 回想, 追憶, 追想 (↔prospect )▸ In retrospect , the meeting was a success .振り返ってみると会は成功だった動詞自動詞他動詞｟古｠(…を )回顧する, 回想する .

retrospection

r è t ro sp é c tion 名詞 U C ｟かたく｠回想, 追想, 思い出 .

retrospective

ret ro spec tive /rètrəspéktɪv , ｟英｠でまた -́--̀ -/形容詞 1 回顧の, 回顧的な ; 回想 [追想 ]する ▸ a retrospective mood 回顧的な気分 2 ＝retroactive .名詞 C (画家彫刻家などの )回顧展 .～ly 副詞

retrovirus

r é tro v ì rus 名詞 C 〘生化〙レトロウイルス〘感染細胞内でDNAを合成するウイルス〙.r é t ro v ì ral 形容詞