English-Thai Dictionary
ground
N ก้น ทะเล แม่น้ำ ทะเลสาบ kon-ta-le mae-nam ta-le-sab
ground
N ผิว ดิน ผิว โลก พื้นดิน พื้น sand soil pil-din
ground
N พื้น หลัง ภูมิหลัง background puean-lang
ground
N สนาม field territory sa-na
ground
N หัวเรื่อง เรื่อง hua-ruang
ground
N เหตุผล สาเหตุ reason rationale hed-pon
ground
VI กระทบ พื้น ถึง พื้น kra-tob-puean
ground
VI ี่ กริยา ช่อง ที่ 2 และ 3 ของ grind ี kri-ya-chong-lea-kong
ground
VT ต่อ สายดิน ต่อ สาย ลงพื้น tor-sai
ground
VT วาง ที่ พื้น วาง พื้น floor wang-ti-puean
ground
VT สร้าง ก่อตั้ง establish found sang
ground
VT ี่ กริยา ช่อง ที่ 2 และ 3 ของ grind ี kri-ya-chong-lea-kong
ground
VT ให้ พื้นฐาน ฝึกสอน พื้นฐาน ให้ educate train hai-puen-tan
ground
VT ให้ ร่อนลง (เครื่องบิน ลง จอด ลง สู่ พื้น strand ha-ron-long
ground crew
N พนักงาน สายการบิน ที่ทำงาน ภาคพื้นดิน ground staff pa-nak-ngan-sai-kan-bin-ti-tam-ngan-pak-puen-din
ground glass
N กระจกฝ้า kra-jok-fa
ground in
PHRV มีความรู้ ดี ใน เรื่อง รอบรู้ ใน เรื่อง me-kwam-ru-de-nai-rueang
ground on
PHRV ตั้งอยู่ บน มี พื้นฐาน อยู่ บน base on found on tang-yu-bon
ground rule
N หลักเกณ ฑ์ พื้นฐาน กฎ เบื้องต้น lak-ken-puen-tan
ground staff
N พนักงาน สายการบิน ที่ทำงาน ภาคพื้นดิน ground crew pa-nak-ngan-sai-kan-bin-ti-tam-ngan-pak-puen-din
ground wire
N สายดิน sai-din
groundcover
N พืช ที่ ปลูก ปกคลุม ดิน ทั่ว สนาม หรือ ป่า
groundhog
N สัตว์ พวก ตัว อ้น หรือ หนู ยักษ์ woodchuck
groundless
ADJ ซึ่ง ไม่มีเหตุผล ลอยๆ หลักลอย ไม่น่าเชื่อ ถือ baseless causeless sueng-mai-me-hed-pon
groundling
N ปลาน้ำจืด แถบ น้ำ ลึก pla-nam-jued-taeb-nam-luek
groundnut
N พืช ที่ มีส่วน ใต้ดิน กิน ได้
grounds
N ตะกอน กาก dregs leavings lot ta-kon
groundsel
N ต้นไม้ ป่า มีด อก สีเหลือง ton-mai-pa-me-dok-se-lueang
groundsheet
N ผ้า ปู พื้นที่ กันน้ำ ได้
groundsman
N ผู้ดูแล สนามกีฬา หรือ สวน ขนาดใหญ่ phu-du-lae-sa-nam-ki-la-rue-suan-ka-nad-yai
groundswell
N คลื่น ทะเล ลูก ใหญ่ และ สูง จาก พายุ
groundwater
N น้ำใต้ดิน nam-tai-din
groundwell
N ความรู้สึก บางอย่าง เพิ่มขึ้น อย่ง กะทันหัน kwam-ru-suek-bang-yang-poem-kuen-yang-ka-tan-han
groundwork
N พื้นฐาน รากฐาน ฐาน base basis bottom foundation puean-tan
Webster's 1828 Dictionary
GROUND
n. 1. The surface of land or upper part of the earth, without reference to the materials which compose it. We apply ground to soil, sand or gravel indifferently, but never apply it to the whole mass of the earth or globe, nor to any portion of it when removed. We never say a shovel full or a load of ground. We say under ground, but not under earth; and we speak of the globe as divided into land and water, not into ground and water. Yet ground, earth and land are often used synonymously. We say, the produce or fruits of the ground, of the earth, or of land. The water overflows the low ground, or the low land.
There was not a man to till the ground. Genesis 2:5.
The ground shall give its increase. Zechariah 8:12.
The fire ran along on the ground. Exodus 9:23.
2. Region; territory; as Egyptian ground; British ground; heavenly ground.
3. Land; estate; possession.
Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds.
4. The surface of the earth, or a floor or pavement.
Dagon had fallen on his face to the ground. 1 Samuel 5:4.
5. Foundation; that which supports any thing. This argument stands on defensible ground. Hence,
6. Fundamental cause; primary reason or original principle. He stated the grounds of his complaint.
Making happiness the ground of his unhappiness.
7. First principles; as the grounds of religion.
8. In painting, the surface on which a figure or object is represented; that surface or substance which retains the original color, and to which the other colors are applied to make the representation; as crimson on a white ground.
9. In manufactures, the principal color, to which others are considered as ornamental.
1 . Grounds, plural, the bottom of liquors; dregs; lees; feces; as coffee grounds; the grounds of strong beer.
11. The plain song; the tune on which descants are raised.
On that ground, I'll build a holy descant.
12. In etching, a gummous composition spread over the surface of the metal to be etched, to prevent the nitric acid from eating, except where the ground is opened with the point of a needle.
13. Field or place of action. He fought with fury, and would not quit the ground.
14. In music, the name given to a composition in which the base, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a continually varying melody.
15. The foil to set a thing off.
16. Formerly, the pit of a play house.
To gain ground, to advance; to proceed forward in conflict; as, an army in battle gains ground. Hence, to obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. Hence,
1. To gain credit; to prevail; to become more general or extensive; as, the opinion gains ground.
To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken. Hence, to lose advantage. Hence,
1. To lose credit; to decline; to become less in force or extent.
To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage.
Get ground, and to gather ground, are seldom used.
GROUND
v.t.To lay or set on the ground. 1. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, cause, reason or principle; as arguments grounded on reason; faith grounded on scriptural evidence.
2. To settle in first principles; to fix firmly.
Being rooted and grounded in love Ephesians 3:17.
GROUND
v.i.To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded in two fathoms of water.
GROUND
pret. and pp. of grind.
GROUNDAGE
n.A tax paid by a ship for standing in port.
GROUND-ANGLING
n.Fishing without a float, with a bullet placed a few inches from the hook.
GROUND-ASH
n.A sapling of ash; a young shoot from the stump of an ash.
GROUND-BAIT
n.Bait for fish which sinks to the bottom of the water.
GROUND-FLOOR
n.The first or lower floor of a house. But the English call the second floor from the ground the first floor.
GROUND-IVY
n.A well known plant, the Glechoma hederacea; called also alehoof and gill.
GROUNDLESS
a.Wanting ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; as groundless fear. 1. Not authorized; false; as a groundless report or assertion.
GROUNDLESSLY
a.Without reason or cause; without authority for support.
GROUNDLESSNESS
n.Want of just cause, reason or authority for support.
GROUNDLING
n.A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water; hence, a low vulgar person.
GROUNDLY
adv. Upon principles; solidly. [A bad word and not used. ]
GROUND-NUT
n.A plant, the Arachis, a native of South America.
GROUND-OAK
n.A sapling of oak.
GROUND-PINE
n.A plant, a species of Teucrium or germander; said to be so called from its resinous smell.
GROUND-PLATE
n.In architecture, the ground-plates are the outermost pieces of timber lying on or near the ground, framed into one another with mortises and tenons.
GROUND-PLOT
n.The ground on which a building is placed. 1. The ichnography of a building.
GROUND-RENT
n.Rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land.
GROUND-ROOM
n.A room on the ground; a lower room.
GROUNDSEL
n.A plant of the genus Senecio, of several species.
GROUNDSEL, GROUND-SILL
n.[L. sella, that which is set. ] The timber of a building which lies next to the ground; commonly called a sill.
GROUND-TACKLE
n.In ships, the ropes and furniture belonging to anchors.
GROUNDWORK
n.The work which forms the foundation or support of any thing; the basis; the fundamentals. 1. The ground; that to which the rest are additional.
2. First principle; original reason.
Webster's 1913 Dictionary
GROUND
Ground, n. Etym: [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond, OS. , G., Sw. , & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in composition ); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. grind. ]
1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it. There was not a man to till the ground. Gen. ii. 5. The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23.Hence:
Defn: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth.
2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground. From. .. old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian ground. Milton.
3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl. ), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc. , belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate are well kept. Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds. Dryden. 4.
4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope.
5. (Paint. & Decorative Art ) (a ) That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See Background, Foreground, and Middle-ground. (b ) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief. (c ) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels.
6. (Etching )
Defn: A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.
7. (Arch. )
Defn: One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc. , are attached; -- usually in the plural.
Note: Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.
8. (Mus. ) (a ) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody. (b ) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song. Moore (Encyc.). On that ground I'll build a holy descant. Shak.
9. (Elec.)
Defn: A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit.
1 . pl.
Defn: Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds.
11. The pit of a theater. [Obs. ] B. Jonson. Ground angling, angling with a weighted line without a float. -- Ground annual (Scots Law ), an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. -- Ground ash. (Bot. ) See Groutweed. -- Ground bailiff (Mining ), a superintendent of mines. Simmonds. -- Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc. , thrown into the water to collect the fish, Wallon. -- Ground bass or base (Mus. ), fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody. -- Ground beetle (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family Carabidæ, living mostly in burrows or under stones, etc. -- Ground chamber, a room on the ground floor. -- Ground cherry. (Bot. ) (a ) A genus (Physalis ) of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp. , the strawberry tomato (P. Alkekengi ). See Alkekengl. (b ) A European shrub (Prunus Chamæcerasus ), with small, very acid fruit. -- Ground cuckoo. (Zoöl.) See Chaparral cock. -- Ground cypress. (Bot. ) See Lavender cotton. -- Ground dove (Zoöl.), one of several small American pigeons of the genus Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground. -- Ground fish (Zoöl.), any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut. -- Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in England, the first floor. -- Ground form (Gram. ), the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root. -- Ground furze (Bot. ), a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis ) of Europe and Central Asia, ; -- called also rest- harrow. -- Ground game, hares, rabbits, etc. , as distinguished from winged game. -- Ground hele (Bot. ), a perennial herb (Veronica officinalis ) with small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative properties. -- Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected. -- Ground hemlock (Bot. ), the yew (Taxus baccata var. Canadensisi ) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems. -- Ground hog. (Zoöl.) (a ) The woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax ). See Woodchuck. (b ) The aardvark. -- Ground hold (Naut. ), ground tackle. [Obs. ] Spenser. -- Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface. -- Ground ivy. (Bot. ) A trailing plant; alehoof. See Gill. -- Ground joist, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper. -- Ground lark (Zoöl.), the European pipit. See Pipit. -- Ground laurel (Bot. ). See Trailing arbutus, under Arbutus. -- Ground line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection. -- Ground liverwort (Bot. ), a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia polymorpha ). -- Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard. -- Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded. -- Ground parrakeet (Zoöl.), one of several Australian parrakeets,of the genera Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon the ground. -- Ground pearl (Zoöl.), an insect of the family Coccidæ (Margarodes formicarum ), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the natives. -- Ground pig (Zoöl.), a large, burrowing, African rodent (Aulacodus Swinderianus ) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; -- called also ground rat. -- Ground pigeon (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris ), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above ). -- Ground pine. (Bot. ) (a ) A blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga (A. Chamæpitys ), formerly included in the genus Teucrium or germander, and named from its resinous smell. Sir L. Hill. (b ) A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium (L. clavatum ); -- called also club moss. (c ) A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (L. dendroideum ) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States. Gray. -- Ground plan (Arch. ), a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section. -- Ground plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing. -- Ground plate. (a ) (Arch. ) One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b ) (Railroads ) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c ) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. Knight. -- Ground plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan. -- Ground plum (Bot. ), a leguminous plant (Astragalus caryocarpus ) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod. -- Ground rat. (Zoöl.) See Ground pig (above ). -- Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land. -- Ground robin. (Zoöl.) See Chewink. -- Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. Tatler. -- Ground sea, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called also rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea. -- Ground sill. See Ground plate (a ) (above ). -- Ground snake (Zoöl.), a small burrowing American snake (Celuta amoena ). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail. -- Ground squirrel. (Zoöl.) (a ) One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b ) Any species of the African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. -- Ground story. Same as Ground floor (above ). -- Ground substance (Anat. ), the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues. -- Ground swell. (a ) (Bot. ) The plant groundsel. [Obs. ] Holland. (b )A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased. -- Ground table. (Arch. ) See Earth table, under Earth. -- Ground tackle (Naut. ), the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. Totten. -- Ground thrush (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family Pittidæ. See Pitta. -- Ground tier. (a ) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. Totten. (b ) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold. (c ) The lowest range of boxes in a theater. -- Ground timbers (Shipbuilding ) the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. Knight. -- Ground tit. (Zoöl.) See Ground wren (below ). -- Ground wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc. , which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism. -- Ground wren (Zoöl.), a small California bird (Chamæa fasciata ) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhibits the arid plains. Called also gronnd tit, and wren lit. -- To bite the ground, To break ground. See under Bite, Break. -- To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. -- To gain ground. (a ) To advance; to proceed forward in confict; as, an army in battle gains ground. (b ) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. (c ) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential. -- To get, or To gather, ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist. .. gathers ground fast. " Milton. There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by bidding higher. South. -- To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage. These nine. .. began to give me ground. Shak. --To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline. -- To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment. Atterbury. -- To take the ground to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of a ship.
GROUND
Ground, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grounding. ]
1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground.
2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly. Being rooted and grounded in love. Eph. iii. 17. So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation. Sir W. Hamilton
3. To instruct in elements or first principles.
4. (Elec.)
Defn: To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.
5. (Fine Arts )
Defn: To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see Ground, n., 5 ); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.
GROUND
GROUND Ground, v. i.
Defn: To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded on the bar.
GROUND
GROUND Ground,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Grind. Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock. Knight. -- Ground glass, glass the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding. -- Ground joint, a close joint made by grinding together two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water.
GROUNDAGE
GROUNDAGE Ground "age, n.
Defn: A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in port. Bouvier.
GROUNDEDLY
GROUNDEDLY Ground "ed *ly, adv.
Defn: In a grounded or firmly established manner. Glanvill.
GROUNDEN
GROUNDEN Ground "en, obs.
Defn: p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.
GROUNDING
GROUNDING Ground "ing, n.
Defn: The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc. ; a basis.
GROUNDLESS
Ground "less, a. Etym: [AS. grundleás bottomless. ]
Defn: Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized; false; as, groundless fear; a groundless report or assertion. -- Ground "less *ly, adv. -- Ground "less *ness, n.
GROUNDLING
Ground "ling, n. Etym: [Ground + -ling. ]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.
2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches. No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh. Coleridge.
GROUNDLY
GROUNDLY Ground "ly, adv.
Defn: Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs. ] Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them provide to die as sure us fate. Marston.
GROUNDNUT
GROUNDNUT Ground "nut `, n. (Bot. )(a ) The fruit of the Arachis hypogæa (native country uncertain ); the peanut; the earthnut. (b ) A leguminous, twining plant (Apios tuberosa ), producing clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. (c ) The dwarf ginseng (Aralia trifolia ). [U. S.] Gray. (d ) A European plant of the genus Bunium (B. flexuosum ) having an edible root of a globular shape aud sweet, aromatic taste; -- called also earthnut, earth chestnut, hawknut, and pignut.
GROUNDSEL
Ground "sel, n. Etym: [OE. grundswilie, AS. gpundeswylige,grundeswelge, earlier gundiswilge; gund matter, pus + swelgan to swallow. So named as being good for a running from the eye. See Swallow, v.] (Bot. )
Defn: An annual composite plant (Senecio vulgaris ) one of the most common, and widely distributed weeds on the globe.
GROUNDSEL
Ground "sel, n. Etym: [Ground + sill. ]
Defn: See Ground
GROUNDSILL
GROUNDSILL Ground "sill `
Defn:
GROUNDWORK
GROUNDWORK Ground "work `, n.
Defn: That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle. Dryden.
New American Oxford Dictionary
ground
ground 1 |ground ɡraʊnd | ▶noun 1 [ in sing. ] the solid surface of the earth: he lay on the ground. • a limited or defined extent of the earth's surface; land: an adjoining area of ground had been purchased. • land of a specified kind: my feet squelched over marshy ground. • an area of land or sea used for a specified purpose: shore dumping can pollute fishing grounds and beaches. • (grounds ) an area of enclosed land surrounding a large house or other building: the house stands in seven acres of grounds. • [ as modifier ] (in aviation ) of or relating to the ground rather than the air (with particular reference to the maintenance and servicing of an aircraft on the ground ): ground staff | ground crew. • [ as modifier ] (of an animal ) living on or in the ground. • [ as modifier ] (of a fish ) bottom-dwelling. • [ as modifier ] (of a plant ) low-growing, esp. in relation to similar plants. 2 an area of knowledge or subject of discussion or thought: third-year courses typically cover less ground and go into more depth | he shifted the argument onto theoretical grounds of his own choosing. 3 (grounds ) factors forming a basis for action or the justification for a belief: there are some grounds for optimism | they called for a retrial on the grounds of the new evidence. 4 chiefly Art a prepared surface to which paint is applied. • a substance used to prepare a surface for painting. • (in embroidery or ceramics ) a plain surface to which decoration is applied. • a piece of wood fixed to a wall as a base for boards, plaster, or woodwork. 5 Music short for ground bass. 6 (grounds ) solid particles, esp. of ground coffee, that form a residue; sediment. 7 electrical connection of a circuit or conductor to the earth. ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 prohibit or prevent (a pilot or an aircraft ) from flying: a bitter wind blew from the northeast, and the bombers were grounded. • informal (of a parent ) refuse to allow (a child ) to go out socially as a punishment: he was grounded for hitting her on the head. 2 • (with reference to a ship ) run or go aground: the larger ships grounded on the riverbed at low tide | rather than be blown up, Muller grounded his ship on a coral reef and surrendered. 3 (usu. be grounded in ) give (something abstract ) a firm theoretical or practical basis: the study of history must be grounded in a thorough knowledge of the past. • instruct (someone ) thoroughly in a subject: they were grounded in the classics, in history, and in literature. 4 place or lay (something ) on the ground or hit the ground with it: he was penalized two strokes for grounding his club in a bunker. 5 connect (an electrical device ) with the ground. 6 [ no obj. ] Baseball (of a batter ) hit a pitched ball so that it bounces on the ground: he grounded to second. • (ground out ) (of a batter ) be put out by hitting a ball on the ground to a fielder who throws it to or touches first base before the batter touches that base: he grounded out to shortstop. PHRASES be thick (or thin ) on the ground existing (or not existing ) in large numbers or amounts: new textbooks on particle physics are thin on the ground. break ground 1 do preparatory digging or other work prior to building or planting something. 2 another term for break new ground below. break new (or fresh ) ground do something innovative that is considered an advance or positive benefit. cut the ground from under someone's feet do something that leaves someone without a reason or justification for their actions or opinions. from the ground up informal completely or complete: they needed to learn the business from the ground up. gain ground become more popular or accepted: new moral attitudes are gaining ground. gain ground on get closer to someone or something one is pursuing or with whom one is competing: the dollar gained ground on all other major currencies. get off the ground (or get something off the ground ) start or cause to start happening or functioning successfully: he doesn't appreciate the steps he must take to get the negotiations off the ground. give (or lose ) ground retreat or lose one's advantage during a conflict or competition: he refused to give ground on this issue. go to ground (of a fox or other animal ) enter its earth or burrow. • (of a person ) hide or become inaccessible, esp. for a long time: he had gone to ground following the presidential coup. hold (or stand ) one's ground not retreat or lose one's advantage during a conflict or competition: you will be able to hold your ground and resist the enemy's attack. make up ground get closer to someone ahead in a race or competition. on the ground in a place where real, practical work is done: the troops on the ground are cynical. on one's own ground in one's own territory or concerning one's own range of knowledge or experience: I feel reasonably relaxed if I'm interviewed on my own ground. prepare the ground make it easier for something to occur or be developed: congress approved a series of measures intended to prepare the ground for the new economic structure. run someone /something to ground see run. work (or run ) oneself into the ground exhaust oneself by working (or running ) very hard. ORIGIN Old English grund, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch grond and German Grund .
ground
ground 2 |ɡraʊnd ground | past and past participle of grind. ▶adjective [ attrib. ] reduced to fine particles by crushing or mincing: ground cumin. • shaped, roughened, or polished by grinding: the thick opaque ground perimeter of the lenses. PHRASES ground down exhausted or worn down.
groundbait
ground |bait |ˈgraʊn (d )beɪt | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Brit. bait thrown into the water while fishing (as distinct from hookbait ). DERIVATIVES groundbaiting noun
ground ball
ground ball |ɡraʊnd bɔl | ▶noun Baseball a ball hit along the ground.
ground bass
ground bass |bās ˌɡraʊnd ˈbeɪs | ▶noun Music a short theme, usually in the bass, that is constantly repeated as the other parts of the music vary.
ground beef
ground beef ▶noun beef that is cut up into very small pieces in a meat grinder or other machine.
ground beetle
ground bee tle ▶noun any of a number of beetles that live mainly on or near the ground, in particular a fast-running predatory beetle of the family Carabidae.
groundbreaking
ground break ing |ˈgroundˌbrākiNG ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ | ▶adjective breaking new ground; innovative; pioneering. DERIVATIVES ground break er |-ˌbrākər |noun
ground cherry
ground cher ry ▶noun an American plant of the nightshade family that resembles the cape gooseberry. [Genus Physalis, family Solanaceae: several species, in particular P. pruinosa, which yields edible fruit. ]
ground cloth
ground cloth |ɡraʊnd klɔθ |(also groundcloth ) ▶noun a waterproof cloth spread under a sleeping bag, directly on the ground or inside a tent. Also called groundsheet.
ground clutter
ground clut ter ▶noun noise in a radar echo caused by untargeted built or natural landscape features.
ground control
ground con trol |ɡraʊnd kənˈtroʊl | ▶noun [ treated as sing. or pl. ] the ground-based personnel and equipment that monitor and direct the flight and landing of aircraft or spacecraft. DERIVATIVES ground con trol ler noun
ground cover
ground cov er |ˈɡraʊnd ˈˌkəvər | ▶noun low-growing, spreading plants that help to stop weeds from growing.
ground crew
ground crew |ˈɡraʊnd ˌkru | ▶noun [ treated as sing. or pl. ] a team of people who maintain and service an aircraft on the ground.
ground dove
ground dove |dəv ˈɡraʊnd dəv | ▶noun a small dove that spends much of its time on the ground, feeding and frequently nesting there. [Columbina, Gallicolumba, and related genera, family Columbidae: several species, including the common ground dove (C. passerina ) of North and Central America. ]
grounded
ground ed |ˈgroundid ˌɡraʊndɪd | ▶adjective 1 well balanced and sensible: the kids have money and a rock-star dad, but they seem grounded. 2 (of a pilot or an aircraft ) prohibited or prevented from flying: you don't taunt a grounded flier, especially after he's had a few beers. • informal (of a child being punished ) not allowed to participate in social or recreational activities: the problem is, I've got more grounded friends than available friends.
ground effect
ground ef fect ▶noun the effect of added aerodynamic buoyancy produced by a cushion of air below a vehicle moving close to the ground.
ground elder
ground el der ▶noun a common weed of the parsley family, native to Europe, with leaves that resemble those of the elder and spreading, underground stems. [Aegopodium podagraria, family Umbelliferae: a variegated cultivar is sometimes grown as ground cover. ]
grounder
ground er |ˈgroundər ˈɡraʊndər | ▶noun Baseball a ground ball.
ground floor
ground floor |ˈˌɡraʊn (d ) ˈˌflɔ (ə )r | ▶noun Brit. the floor of a building at ground level. PHRASES get in on the ground floor informal become part of an enterprise in its early stages.
ground frost
ground frost ▶noun [ mass noun ] Brit. frost formed on the surface of the ground or in the top layer of soil.
ground game
ground game ▶noun Football play consisting of running from scrimmage to advance the ball.
ground glass
ground glass ▶noun 1 glass with a smooth ground surface that renders it nontransparent while retaining its translucency. 2 glass ground into an abrasive powder.
groundhog
ground hog |ˈgroundˌhäg, -ˌhôg ˈɡraʊndˌhɑɡ ˈɡraʊndˌhɔɡ | ▶noun another term for woodchuck.
Groundhog Day
Ground hog Day |ˈɡraʊndˌhɑɡ | ▶noun February 2, when the groundhog is said to come out of its hole at the end of hibernation. If the animal sees its shadow —i.e., if the weather is sunny —it is said to portend six weeks more of winter weather.
groundhopper
ground hop per |ˈgroundˌhäpər ˈɡraʊndˌhɑpər | ▶noun a small, predominantly brown insect that resembles a grasshopper and has well-developed wings. [Family Tetrigidae, order Orthoptera: several species. ]
grounding
ground ing |ˈgroundiNG ˈɡraʊndɪŋ | ▶noun [ in sing. ] basic training or instruction in a subject: every child needs a good grounding in science and technology.
ground ivy
ground i vy ▶noun a creeping plant of the mint family, with bluish-purple flowers. Native to Europe, it has become established in eastern North America. Also called gill-over-the-ground, creeping Charlie. [Glechoma hederacea, family Labiatae. ]
groundless
ground less |ˈground-lis ˈɡraʊn (d )ləs | ▶adjective not based on any good reason: your fears are quite groundless. DERIVATIVES ground less ly adverb, ground less ness noun ORIGIN Old English grundlēas (see ground 1, -less ).
ground level
ground lev el ▶noun 1 the level of the ground: [ as modifier ] : ground-level ozone pollution. • the ground floor of a building. 2 Physics another term for ground state.
groundling
ground ling |ˈgroundliNG ˈɡraʊndlɪŋ | ▶noun 1 a spectator or reader of inferior taste, such as a member of a theater audience who traditionally stood in the pit below the stage: Dante is not for groundlings. [with reference to Shakespeare's Hamlet iii. ii. 11. ] 2 a person on the ground as opposed to one in a spacecraft or aircraft. 3 a fish that lives at the bottom of lakes and streams, esp. a gudgeon or loach. 4 a creeping or dwarf plant. ORIGIN early 17th cent. (denoting a fish ): from ground 1 + -ling; compare with Dutch grondeling, German Gründling ‘gudgeon. ’
ground loop
ground loop ▶noun 1 a violent, uncontrolled horizontal rotation of an aircraft while landing, taking off, or taxiing. 2 an unwanted electric current path in a circuit resulting in stray signals or interference, occurring, e.g., when two earthed points in the same circuit have different potentials. ▶verb ( ground-loop ) [ no obj. ] (of an aircraft ) make a ground loop.
groundmass
ground mass |ˈgroundˌmas ˈɡraʊndmæs | ▶noun [ in sing. ] Geology the compact, finer-grained material in which the crystals are embedded in a porphyritic rock.
groundnut
ground nut |ˈgroundˌnət ˈɡraʊn (d )ˌnət | ▶noun 1 another term for peanut. 2 a North American twining vine of the pea family, which bears clusters of fragrant brownish or maroon flowers and which yields a sweet edible tuber. [Genus Apios, family Leguminosae: several species, in particular A. americana. ]
groundout
ground out |ˈgroundˌout ˈɡraʊnˌdaʊt | ▶noun Baseball a play in which a batter is put out by hitting a ball on the ground to a fielder who throws it to or touches first base before the batter touches that base.
ground pine
ground pine ▶noun 1 a small, yellow-flowered Eurasian plant of the mint family that resembles a pine seedling in appearance and smell. [Ajuga chamaepitys, family Labiatae. ] 2 a North American club moss with small, shiny leaves, resembling a miniature conifer and growing typically in coniferous woodland. [Genus Lycopodium, family Lycopodiaceae: several species, in particular L. obscurum and L. tristachyum. ]
ground plan
ground plan |ˈɡraʊn (d ) ˈˌplæn | ▶noun the plan of a building at ground level as imagined seen from above. • the general outline or basis of a plan.
ground rent
ground rent ▶noun [ mass noun ] Brit. rent paid under the terms of a lease by the owner of a building to the owner of the land on which it is built.
ground rule
ground rule |ˈɡraʊnd ˈˌrul | ▶noun (usu. ground rules ) a basic principle: some ground rules for assessing new machines. • Baseball a rule pertaining to the limits of play on a particular field.
ground run
ground run ▶noun the movement of an aircraft along the ground just before takeoff or just after landing.
groundsel
ground sel |ˈgroun (d )səl ˈɡraʊn (d )səl | ▶noun 1 a widely distributed plant of the daisy family, with yellow rayless flowers. [Genus Senecio, family Compositae: several species, in particular the common groundsel (S. vulgaris ), which is a common weed. See also giant groundsel . ] 2 variant spelling of groundsill. ORIGIN Old English gundæswelgiæ (later grundeswylige ), probably from gund ‘pus ’ + swelgan ‘to swallow ’ (with reference to its use in poultices ). The later form may be by association with ground 1, and refer to the plant's rapid growth.
groundsheet
ground sheet |ˈgroun (d )ˌSHēt ˈɡraʊn (d )ˌʃit | ▶noun another term for ground cloth.
groundsill
ground sill (also groundsel ) ▶noun the horizontal beam or timber in a building that is secured to the foundation and is the base for the rest of the structure.
groundskeeper
grounds keep er |ˈgroun (d )zˌkēpər ˈɡraʊndzˌkipər | ▶noun a person who maintains an athletic field, a park, or the grounds of a school or other institution.
ground sloth
ground sloth ▶noun an extinct terrestrial edentate mammal of the Cenozoic era in America, typically of very large size. [Order Xenarthra (or Edentata ). See megatherium, mylodon . ]
groundsman
grounds man |ˈgroun (d )zmən ˈɡraʊn (d )zmən | ▶noun ( pl. groundsmen ) British term for groundskeeper.
groundspeed
ground speed |ˈgroundˌspēd ˈɡraʊndspid | ▶noun an aircraft's speed relative to the ground. Compare with airspeed.
ground squirrel
ground squir rel |ˈɡraʊnd ˈˌskwər (ə )l | ▶noun a burrowing squirrel that is typically highly social, found chiefly in North America and northern Eurasia, where it usually hibernates in winter. Also called gopher 1. [Spermophilus and other genera, family Sciuridae: many species, including the sousliks and chipmunks. ]
ground state
ground state ▶noun Physics the lowest energy state of an atom or other particle.
groundstroke
ground stroke |ˈgroundˌstrōk ˈɡraʊndstroʊk | ▶noun Tennis a stroke played after the ball has bounced, as opposed to a volley.
groundswell
ground swell |ˈgroun (d )ˌswel ˈɡraʊn (d )ˌswɛl | ▶noun [ in sing. ] 1 a buildup of opinion or feeling in a large section of the population: an unexpected groundswell of opposition developed. 2 a large or extensive swell in the sea.
ground tackle
ground tack le ▶noun the equipment used to anchor or moor a boat or ship.
groundwater
ground wa ter |ˈgroundˌwôtər, -ˌwätər ˈɡraʊn (d )ˌwɔdər | ▶noun water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.
ground wave
ground wave ▶noun a radio wave that reaches a receiver from a transmitter directly, without reflection from the ionosphere.
groundwork
ground work |ˈgroundˌwərk ˈɡraʊn (d )ˌwərk | ▶noun preliminary or basic work: a manned space station is needed to lay the groundwork for a colony on the moon.
ground zero
ground ze ro |ɡraʊnd ˈzɪroʊ | ▶noun [ in sing. ] 1 the point on the earth's surface directly above or below an exploding nuclear bomb. • the site of the former World Trade Center in New York City in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. 2 a starting point or base for some activity: if you're starting at ground zero in terms of knowledge, go to the library.
Oxford Dictionary
ground
ground 1 |graʊnd | ▶noun 1 [ in sing. ] the solid surface of the earth: he lay on the ground. • [ mass noun ] a limited extent of the earth's surface; land: an adjoining area of ground had been purchased. • [ mass noun ] land of a specified kind: my feet squelched over marshy ground. • Brit. the floor of a room. 2 (also grounds ) an area of land or sea used for a specified purpose: shore dumping can pollute fishing grounds. • (grounds ) an area of enclosed land surrounding a large house or other building: the house stands in seven acres of grounds | the university grounds. • an area of land, often with associated buildings, used for a particular sport: a football ground | Liverpool's new ground is nearing completion . 3 [ mass noun ] an area of knowledge or subject of discussion or thought: third-year courses cover less ground and go into more depth | [ count noun ] : he shifted the argument on to theoretical grounds of his own choosing. 4 (grounds ) factors forming a basis for action or the justification for a belief: there are some grounds for optimism | they called for a retrial on the grounds of the new evidence. 5 chiefly Art a prepared surface to which paint is applied. • a substance used to prepare a surface for painting. • (in embroidery or ceramics ) a plain surface to which decoration is applied. • a piece of wood fixed to a wall as a base for boards, plaster, or joinery. 6 (grounds ) solid particles, especially of coffee, which form a residue; sediment. 7 N. Amer. electrical connection to the earth. 8 Music short for ground bass. ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 prohibit or prevent (a pilot or an aircraft ) from flying: a bitter wind blew from the north-east and the bombers were grounded. • informal (of a parent ) refuse to allow (a child ) to go out socially as a punishment. 2 (with reference to a ship ) run or go aground: [ with obj. ] : rather than be blown up, Muller grounded his ship on a coral reef. 3 (usu. be grounded in ) give (something abstract ) a firm theoretical or practical basis: the study of history must be grounded in a thorough knowledge of the past. • instruct (someone ) thoroughly in a subject: Eva's governess grounded her in Latin and Greek. • (as adj. grounded ) well balanced and sensible: for someone so young, Chris is extremely grounded. 4 place (something ) on the ground or touch the ground with (something ): he was penalized two strokes for grounding his club in a bunker. 5 N. Amer. connect (an electrical device ) with the ground. 6 [ no obj. ] (ground out ) Baseball (of a batter ) be put out because of hitting a ground ball to a fielder who throws it to first base before the batter touches that base: he grounded out to shortstop. ▶adjective [ attrib. ] 1 (of an animal ) living on or in the ground. • (of a fish ) bottom-dwelling. • (of a plant ) low-growing. 2 (in aviation ) relating to the ground rather than the air (with particular reference to the maintenance and servicing of aircraft: ground crew. PHRASES be thick (or thin ) on the ground exist in large (or small ) numbers or amounts: good men are thin on the ground. break ground N. Amer. 1 do preparatory digging or other work prior to building or planting something. 2 another term for break new ground below. break new (or fresh ) ground do something innovative and beneficial. cut the ground from under someone's feet do something which leaves someone without a reason for their actions or opinions. from the ground up informal completely or complete: they needed a rethink of their doctrine from the ground up. gain ground become more popular or accepted: new moral attitudes are gaining ground. gain ground on get closer to someone or something that is ahead in a pursuit or competitive situation: the dollar gained ground on all other major currencies. get off the ground (or get something off the ground ) start or cause to start happening successfully: there'd have to be a public inquiry before the project got off the ground. give (or lose ) ground retreat or lose one's advantage during a conflict or competition: he refused to give ground on this issue. go to ground (of a fox or other animal ) enter its earth or burrow. • (of a person ) hide or become inaccessible, especially for a long time: he went to ground following the presidential coup. hold (or stand ) one's ground not retreat or lose one's advantage during a conflict or competition. make up ground get closer to someone ahead in a race or competition. on the ground in a place where real, practical work is done: the troops on the ground are cynical. on one's own ground in one's own territory or area of knowledge or experience: I feel relaxed if I'm interviewed on my own ground. prepare the ground make it easier for something to occur or be developed: these measures prepared the ground for further reform. run someone /thing to ground see run. work (or run ) oneself into the ground exhaust oneself by working or running very hard. ORIGIN Old English grund, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch grond and German Grund .
ground
ground 2 |graʊnd | past and past participle of grind ▶adjective [ attrib. ] reduced to fine particles by crushing or mincing: ground cumin. • shaped, roughened, or polished by grinding: the thick opaque ground perimeter of the lenses. PHRASES ground down exhausted or worn down.
groundbait
ground |bait |ˈgraʊn (d )beɪt | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Brit. bait thrown into the water while fishing (as distinct from hookbait ). DERIVATIVES groundbaiting noun
ground ball
ground ball ▶noun Baseball a ball hit along the ground.
ground bass
ground bass ▶noun Music a short theme, usually in the bass, which is constantly repeated as the other parts of the music vary.
ground beef
ground beef ▶noun [ mass noun ] N. Amer. minced beef.
ground beetle
ground bee ¦tle ▶noun any of a number of beetles that live mainly on or near the ground, in particular: ● a fast-running predatory beetle, typically black in colour (family Carabidae ). ● ( nocturnal ground beetle ) another term for darkling beetle .
groundbreaking
ground |break |ing |ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ | ▶adjective innovative; pioneering: groundbreaking research into fertility problems. DERIVATIVES groundbreaker noun
ground cherry
ground cherry ▶noun an American plant of the nightshade family which resembles the Cape gooseberry. ●Genus Physalis, family Solanaceae: several species, in particular P. pruinosa, which yields edible fruit.
ground cloth
ground cloth |ɡraʊnd klɔθ |(also groundcloth ) ▶noun a waterproof cloth spread under a sleeping bag, directly on the ground or inside a tent. Also called groundsheet.
ground clutter
ground clut ter ▶noun noise in a radar echo caused by untargeted built or natural landscape features.
ground control
ground con |trol ▶noun [ treated as sing. or pl. ] the personnel and equipment that monitor and direct the flight and landing of aircraft or spacecraft. DERIVATIVES ground controller noun
ground cover
ground cover ▶noun [ mass noun ] low-growing, spreading plants that help to stop weeds growing.
ground crew
ground crew |ˈɡraʊnd ˌkru | ▶noun [ treated as sing. or pl. ] a team of people who maintain and service an aircraft on the ground.
ground dove
ground dove ▶noun a small dove that spends much of its time on the ground, feeding and frequently nesting there. ●Columbina, Gallicolumba, and related genera, family Columbidae: several species, including the common ground dove (C. passerina ) of North and Central America.
grounded
ground ed |ˈgroundid ˌɡraʊndɪd | ▶adjective 1 well balanced and sensible: the kids have money and a rock-star dad, but they seem grounded. 2 (of a pilot or an aircraft ) prohibited or prevented from flying: you don't taunt a grounded flier, especially after he's had a few beers. • informal (of a child being punished ) not allowed to participate in social or recreational activities: the problem is, I've got more grounded friends than available friends.
ground effect
ground ef ¦fect ▶noun the effect of added aerodynamic buoyancy produced by a cushion of air below a vehicle moving close to the ground.
ground elder
ground elder ▶noun a common weed of the parsley family, with leaves that resemble those of the elder and spreading underground stems, native to Europe. ●Aegopodium podagraria, family Umbelliferae: a variegated cultivar is sometimes grown as ground cover.
grounder
ground ¦er |ˈgraʊndə | ▶noun Baseball a ground ball.
ground floor
ground floor ▶noun Brit. the floor of a building at ground level. PHRASES get in on the ground floor informal join an enterprise in its early stages.
ground frost
ground frost ▶noun [ mass noun ] Brit. frost formed on the surface of the ground or in the top layer of soil.
ground game
ground game ▶noun [ mass noun ] 1 game animals such as rabbits and hares that live in the ground. 2 American Football play consisting of running to advance the ball.
ground glass
ground glass ▶noun [ mass noun ] 1 glass with a smooth ground surface that renders it non-transparent while retaining its translucency. 2 glass ground into an abrasive powder.
groundhog
ground |hog |ˈgraʊndhɒg | ▶noun North American term for woodchuck.
Groundhog Day
Groundhog Day ▶noun (in North America ) 2 February, when the groundhog is said to come out of its hole at the end of hibernation. If the animal sees its shadow —i.e. if the weather is sunny —it is said to portend six weeks more of winter weather.
groundhopper
ground |hop ¦per ▶noun a small predominantly brown insect that resembles a grasshopper and has well-developed wings. ●Family Tetrigidae, order Orthoptera: several species, including the European common groundhopper (Tetrix undulata ).
grounding
ground |ing |ˈgraʊndɪŋ | ▶noun [ in sing. ] basic training or instruction in a subject: every child needs a good grounding in science and technology.
ground ivy
ground ivy ▶noun a creeping plant of the mint family, with bluish-purple flowers, native to Europe where it commonly grows on hedge banks and in woodland. ●Glechoma hederacea, family Labiatae.
groundless
ground |less |ˈgraʊn (d )lɪs | ▶adjective not based on any good reason: your fears are quite groundless. DERIVATIVES groundlessly adverb, groundlessness noun ORIGIN Old English grundlēas (see ground 1, -less ).
ground level
ground level ▶noun [ mass noun ] 1 the level of the ground. • the ground floor of a building. 2 Physics another term for ground state.
groundling
groundling |ˈgraʊn (d )lɪŋ | ▶noun 1 an unsophisticated or uncritical spectator or reader (originally a member of the part of a theatre audience that stood in the pit below the stage ): Dante is not for groundlings. [with reference to Shakespeare's Hamlet iii. ii. 11. ] 2 a person on the ground as opposed to one in a spacecraft or aircraft. 3 a fish that lives at the bottom of lakes and streams, especially a gudgeon or loach. 4 a creeping or dwarf plant. ORIGIN early 17th cent. (denoting a fish ): from ground 1 + -ling; compare with Dutch grondeling, German Gründling ‘gudgeon ’.
ground loop
ground loop ▶noun 1 a violent, uncontrolled horizontal rotation of an aircraft while landing, taking off, or taxiing. 2 North American term for earth loop. ▶verb ( ground-loop ) [ no obj. ] (of an aircraft ) make a ground loop.
groundmass
ground |mass ▶noun [ in sing. ] Geology the compact, finer-grained material in which the crystals are embedded in a porphyritic rock.
groundnut
ground |nut |ˈgraʊn (d )nʌt | ▶noun 1 another term for peanut. 2 a North American plant of the pea family, which yields a sweet edible tuber. ●Genus Apios, family Leguminosae: several species, in particular A. tuberosa.
groundout
ground |out |ˈɡraʊndaʊt | ▶noun Baseball a play in which a batter is put out by hitting a ground ball to a fielder who throws it to first base before the batter touches that base.
ground pine
ground pine ▶noun 1 a small yellow-flowered Eurasian plant of the mint family, which resembles a pine seedling in appearance and smell. ●Ajuga chamaepitys, family Labiatae. 2 a North American clubmoss with small shiny leaves, resembling a miniature conifer and growing typically in coniferous woodland. ●Genus Lycopodium, family Lycopodiaceae: several species, in particular L. obscurum and L. tristachyum.
ground plan
ground plan ▶noun the plan of a building at ground level. • the general outline or basis of a scheme.
ground rent
ground rent ▶noun [ mass noun ] Brit. rent paid under the terms of a lease by the owner of a building to the owner of the land on which it is built.
ground rule
ground rule ▶noun 1 (usu. ground rules ) a basic principle: some ground rules for assessing new machines. 2 Baseball a rule relating to the limits of play on a particular field.
ground run
ground run ▶noun the movement of an aircraft along the ground just before takeoff or just after landing.
groundsel
groundsel |ˈgraʊn (d )s (ə )l | ▶noun a widely distributed plant of the daisy family, with yellow rayless flowers. ●Genus Senecio, family Compositae: several species, in particular the common groundsel (S. vulgaris ), which is a common weed. . ORIGIN Old English gundæswelgiæ (later grundeswylige ), probably from gund ‘pus ’ + swelgan ‘to swallow ’ (with reference to its use in poultices ). The later form may be by association with ground 1, and refer to the plant's rapid growth.
groundsheet
ground |sheet |ˈgraʊn (d )ʃiːt | ▶noun Brit. a waterproof sheet spread on the ground inside a tent.
groundsill
ground sill (also groundsel ) ▶noun the horizontal beam or timber in a building that is secured to the foundation and is the base for the rest of the structure.
groundskeeper
grounds |keep ¦er |ˈgraʊn (d )zkiːpə | ▶noun North American term for groundsman.
ground sloth
ground sloth ▶noun an extinct terrestrial edentate mammal of the Cenozoic era in America, typically of very large size. ●Order Xenarthra (or Edentata ). See megatherium, mylodon .
groundsman
grounds |man |ˈgraʊn (d )zmən | ▶noun ( pl. groundsmen ) Brit. a person who maintains a sports ground, a park, or the grounds of a school or other institution.
ground speed
ground speed ▶noun an aircraft's speed relative to the ground. Compare with airspeed.
ground squirrel
ground squir |rel ▶noun a burrowing squirrel that is typically highly social, found chiefly in North America and northern Eurasia, where it usually hibernates in winter. Also called gopher in North America. ●Spermophilus and other genera, family Sciuridae: many species, including the sousliks and chipmunks.
ground state
ground state ▶noun Physics the lowest energy state of an atom or other particle.
groundstroke
groundstroke |ˈɡraʊndstrəʊk | ▶noun Tennis a stroke played after the ball has bounced, as opposed to a volley.
groundswell
groundswell |ˈgraʊn (d )ˌswɛl | ▶noun 1 an increase in a particular opinion among a large section of the population: a groundswell of opposition developed. 2 a large or extensive swell in the sea.
ground tackle
ground tackle ▶noun [ mass noun ] the equipment used to anchor or moor a boat or ship.
groundwater
ground |water |ˈgraʊn (d )wɔːtə | ▶noun [ mass noun ] water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.
ground wave
ground wave ▶noun a radio wave which reaches a receiver from a transmitter directly, without reflection from the ionosphere.
groundwork
ground |work |ˈgraʊn (d )wəːk | ▶noun [ mass noun ] preliminary or basic work: the inquiry's findings are expected to lay the groundwork for a complete overhaul of the system.
ground zero
ground zero ▶noun 1 the point on the earth's surface directly above or below an exploding nuclear bomb. • ( Ground Zero ) the site of the World Trade Center in New York, destroyed by terrorists on 11 September 2001. 2 a starting point or base for an activity: if you're starting at ground zero in terms of knowledge, go to the library.
American Oxford Thesaurus
ground
ground noun 1 she collapsed on the ground: floor, earth, terra firma; flooring; informal deck. 2 the soggy ground: earth, soil, dirt, clay, loam, turf, clod, sod; land, terrain. 3 (grounds ) the mansion's grounds: estate, lawn (s ), yard (s ), gardens, park, parkland, land, acres, property, surroundings, holding, territory; archaic demesne. 4 (grounds ) grounds for dismissal: reason, cause, basis, base, foundation, justification, rationale, argument, premise, occasion, excuse, pretext, motive, motivation. 5 (grounds ) coffee grounds: sediment, precipitate, settlings, dregs, lees, deposit, residue. ▶verb 1 the boat grounded on a sandbar: run aground, run ashore, beach, land. 2 an assertion grounded on results of several studies: base, found, establish, root, build, construct, form. 3 they were grounded in classics and history: instruct, coach, teach, tutor, educate, school, train, drill, prime, prepare; familiarize with, acquaint with. PHRASES hold one's ground he tried to dissuade me with his negative remarks, but I held my ground: stand firm, stand fast, make a stand, stick to one's guns, dig in one's heels. gain ground we failed to gain ground in that last campaign: advance, progress, make headway; catch up, close in.
groundbreaking
groundbreaking they applaud this groundbreaking legislation: innovative, fresh, unusual, unprecedented, inventive; advanced, state-of-the-art, pioneering, revolutionary, radical; important, noteworthy, newsworthy. WORD TOOLKIT Word Toolkits illustrate the difference between close synonyms by means of words typically used with them.
groundless
groundless adjective groundless accusations: baseless, without basis, without foundation, ill-founded, unfounded, unsupported, uncorroborated, unproven, empty, idle, unsubstantiated, unwarranted, unjustified, unjustifiable, without cause, without reason, without justification, unreasonable, irrational, illogical, misguided.
groundswell
groundswell noun a groundswell of activity: upsurge, surge, rise, increase, escalation, outbreak, outburst, wave, upwelling.
groundwork
groundwork noun their predecessors did all the groundwork and got none of the credit: preliminary work, preliminaries, preparations, spadework, legwork, donkey work; planning, arrangements, organization, homework; basics, essentials, fundamentals, underpinning, foundation.
Oxford Thesaurus
ground
ground noun 1 she stumbled and then collapsed on the ground: floor, earth, terra firma; flooring; informal deck. 2 their feet sank into the soggy ground: earth, soil, topsoil, dirt, clay, loam, turf, clod, mould, sod, dust; land, terrain. 3 the team won at their home ground: stadium, pitch, field, arena, park; track, course, racetrack, racecourse, ring, rink; N. Amer. bowl. 4 (grounds ) a balcony overlooking the embassy grounds: estate, gardens, lawns, park, parkland, land, acres, property, surroundings, domain, holding, territory; archaic demesne. 5 (grounds ) his actions constituted grounds for dismissal: reason, cause, basis, base, foundation, justification, rationale, argument, premise, occasion, factor, excuse, pretext, motive, motivation, inducement. 6 (grounds ) there were coffee grounds in the bottom of the cup: sediment, precipitate, settlings, dregs, lees, deposit, residue, sludge; rare grouts. PHRASES get off the ground prefab housing never quite got off the ground: get going, get under way, begin, start, start off, go ahead; informal kick off; formal commence. get something off the ground he thanked the hardworking committee who successfully got the project off the ground: set in motion, get under way, get going, start, begin, activate, institute, initiate, launch, get in operation, get working /functioning; formal commence. go to ground he went to ground when we asked for elaboration: hide, hide out, hide oneself, conceal oneself, secrete oneself, shelter, take cover, lie low, go to earth, go underground; informal hole up; Brit. informal lie doggo. ANTONYMS come out into the open. stand one's ground he looked so sad but I had to stand my ground: stand firm, be firm, make a stand, be resolute, insist, be determined, show determination, hold on, hold out, be emphatic, not take no for an answer, brook no refusal; informal stick to one's guns. ANTONYMS give up. ▶verb 1 a bitter wind blew and the bombers were grounded: prevent from flying, keep on the ground. 2 the boat grounded on a mud bank: run aground, become stranded, run ashore, beach, become beached, land, be high and dry. ANTONYMS float; put to sea. 3 this assertion was grounded on results of several studies: base, found, establish, set, settle, root, build, construct, form. 4 her governess grounded her in Latin and Greek: instruct, coach, tutor, educate, school, train, upskill, drill, prime, prepare; teach, familiarize with, acquaint with, make conversant with, inform about; informal give the gen about, give the low-down on, gen up on, clue up on, clue in on, fill in on, put in the picture about.
groundless
groundless adjective she dismissed their fears as groundless: baseless, without basis, without foundation, foundationless, ill-founded, unfounded, unsupported, uncorroborated, unproven, not backed up, empty, idle, vain, chimerical, imaginary, illusory, false, unsubstantiated, unwarranted, unjustified, unjustifiable, uncalled for, unprovoked, without cause, without reason, without justification, unreasonable, irrational, illogical, unsound, unreliable, questionable, misguided, spurious, specious, fallacious, erroneous.
groundwork
groundwork noun I had to do the groundwork for a revolutionary new project: preliminary work, preliminaries, preparations, preparatory measures, basic work, spadework, legwork, hard work, donkey work, hack work; planning, arrangements, organization, homework; basics, rudiments, essentials, fundamentals, underpinning, footing, foundation, cornerstone; informal nitty-gritty, nuts and bolts, brass tacks.
Duden Dictionary
Groundhostess
Ground hos tess Substantiv, feminin , die |ˈgra͜unt …|die Groundhostess; Genitiv: der Groundhostess, Plural: die Groundhostessen englisch ground hostess, zu: ground = Boden und Hostess Angestellte einer Fluggesellschaft, der die Betreuung der Fluggäste auf dem Flughafen obliegt
Grounding
Groun ding Substantiv, Neutrum Wirtschaft , das |ˈgra͜undɪŋ |das Grounding; Genitiv: des Grounding [s ], Plural: die Groundings englisch grounding = das Am-Boden-Halten von Flugzeugen (wohl ursprünglich mit Bezug auf das Startverbot für Flugzeuge einer insolventen Fluggesellschaft ), zu: ground = Boden [unvorhergesehenes ] vollständiges Einstellen der Leistungen eines Unternehmens, besonders einer Fluglinie die Unterstützung blieb aus, was zum Grounding der Fluggesellschaft führte
Ground Zero
Ground Ze ro Eigenname , der, auch das Ground Zero; Genitiv: des Ground Zeros < meist ohne Artikel > |ˈgraʊnd ˈziəroʊ |der, auch: das Ground Zero; Genitiv: des Ground Zeros englisch ground zero, eigentlich = [Boden ]nullpunkt, aus: ground = Boden und zero = Null; ursprünglich amerikanische Bezeichnung für den Punkt, über dem die erste Atombombe explodierte nach dem Terroranschlag vom 11. September 2001 aufgekommene Bezeichnung für das Gelände in New York, auf dem das zerstörte World Trade Center stand
Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary
ground
ground 1 /ɡraʊnd / (! -ou-は /aʊ /) 〖語源は 「一番低いところ 」〗名詞 複 ～s /-dz /【地面 土 】1 U 〖通例the ～〗地面 , 地表 ; (空中に対する )地上 , 土 , 土壌 (soil )▸ sit on [fall to ] the ground 地面に座る [倒れる ]▸ These creatures live under the ground [underground ].これらの生き物は地中で生活している ▸ fertile ground 肥沃 （ひよく ）な土 ▸ lower the coffin into the ground 棺を地中に降ろす 2 U (建物 樹木などのない )土地 , 空き地 ▸ a bit [patch, small piece ] of ground 狭い土地 (╳ small groundとしない )▸ waste [high ] ground 荒れ果てた [小高い ]土地 3 C a. 〖～s 〗(猟などに使われる広大な )用地 , 場所, 海域 ▸ hunting [fishing, farming ] grounds 狩猟 [漁猟, 農 ]場 b. 〖通例複合語で 〗(各種スポーツ 活動用の )用地 , …場 ; 運動場, グラウンド ;｟ 英 ｠ (サッカーなどの )競技場 (stadium )▸ a training [football ] ground トレーニング [サッカー ]場 4 C 〖～s 〗(重要 [大型 ]建築物周辺の )敷地, 構内 ; 庭園 ▸ the grounds of the college [palace ]大学 [宮殿 ]の敷地 5 U C ｟米 ｠アース, 接地 (｟英 ｠earth ).【底面 】6 U 海底 , 湖底, 浅瀬 ▸ A ship took (the ) ground .船が浅瀬に乗り上げた [座礁した ]7 C ｟英 ｠(部屋の )床, 床面 .8 C 〖通例 ～s 〗(液体の底に沈む )沈殿物, かす, おり ▸ (used ) coffee grounds コーヒーかす .【基礎 基盤 】9 C 〖通例 ～s; 抽象的には U 〗 «…の /…する /…という » 理由 , 根拠 «for /for do ing , to do /of , that 節 » ; 基礎, 基盤 (basis, foundation )▸ The company fired Ken on (the ) grounds of his incompetence [that he was not competent ].無能だという理由で会社はケンを解雇した ▸ have strong [good ] grounds for suing the company その会社を告訴する十分な根拠がある ▸ on moral [legal, health ] grounds 倫理 [法律, 健康 ]上の理由で .10 U C «…という » 意見 , 立場 , 見方 «that 節 » ▸ common ground between A and B [on A ]AとBとの [A 〈問題など 〉における ](議論の )一致点, 共通点 ▸ He is always on shaky ground .彼は常に論拠が不確かである 11 C (塗装 絵付け 刺繍 （ししゆう ）などの )下塗り , (下 )地; (絵画などの )バック, 背景色 (background ); U 〘楽 〙基礎低音 (ground bass )▸ a red painted flower on a black ground 黒地に赤で描かれた花 (の絵 ).【抽象的な場所 】12 U (知識 思想 経験 会話における特定の )領域, 場所, 範囲 ; 主題, 話題 ;C U 【方法 思想などが生み出される 】領域, 状況 «for » ▸ the untouchable ground 触れがたい話題 ▸ a fertile [breeding ] ground for new ideas 新しい発想が次々に生み出される状況 .13 U (状況 活動 研究 議論などにおける )利点, 有利さ, 成功 .above [below ] gr ó und 地上 [地下 ]で ; 〈人が 〉生きて [死んで, 埋葬されて ].be b ù rned [b ù rnt, r à zed ] to the gr ó und 〈建物 町が 〉焼け落ちる, 全焼する .be d à shed to the gr ó und ＝fall to the ground .br è ak gr ó und 1 〈人 掘削機械などが 〉掘る, 耕作する ; (くわ入れして ) «…の » 建築 [事業 ]を始める «for , on » ; 〈建築 事業などが 〉始められる .2 錨 （いかり ）を巻き上げる .br è ak n è w [fr è sh ] gr ó und ｟ほめて ｠新天地 [新領域 ]を開拓する ; 新事業 [企画 ]に乗り出す .ch à nge one's gr ó und ＝shift one's ground .c ò ver a l ò t of [m ù ch ] gr ó und 1 〈人が 〉かなりの距離を移動する ; 〈仕事などが 〉かなりの程度まで進む .2 〈調査 議論などが 〉かなりの範囲に及ぶ ; 〘野球 〙〈捕手が 〉かなりの範囲を守備する .c ò ver old gr ó und ＝go over the same (old )ground .c ù t the gr ó und (out ) from under A [A's f é et ]A 〈人 〉の先手を取る, A 〈人 〉の計画 [主張 ]の裏をかく, 議論でA 〈人 〉をやりこめる .d ò wn to the gr ó und ｟主に英話 ｠すっかり, ちょうど, 十分 [完全 ]に ▸ suit you (right ) down to the ground あなたにぴったりである (!rightは強調表現 ) dr í ve A into the gr ó und ＝run A into the ground .f à ll on st ò ny gr ó und 〈助言 忠告などが 〉むだになる, 役に立たない, 耳に入らない 〘聖書より 〙.f à ll to the gr ó und 〈物 人が 〉地面に落ちる [倒れる ], 〈飛行機が 〉墜落する ; 〈計画などが 〉挫折 [失敗 ]する .from the gr ò und ú p 最初から ; 完全に, 徹底的に ▸ build a new business [company ] from the ground up 新しい事業 [会社 ]を一から立ち上げる g à in gr ó und 1 前進する, (自分の前進によって )相手を後退させる ; «…に » 追いつく «on » ; «…を » 追い越す, 引き離す «against » ▸ The fire gained ground on Steve .火の手が (逃げようとする )スティーブに迫った .2 〈病人が 〉回復する ; 〈計画などが 〉評価 [支持 ]を得る, 成功する ; 〈理論などが 〉影響力 [普及度 ]を増す (!有利な立場を得ること; ↔lose ground ) ▸ Lifetime education has gained ground .生涯学習が一般化してきた get ò ff the gr ó und 〈飛行機などが 〉離陸する ; 〈計画が 〉順調にスタートする .g è t A off the gr ó und A 〈飛行機など 〉を離陸させる ; A 〈計画 〉を順調にスタートさせる .g ì ve gr ó und «…まで » 後退する ; «…に » 譲歩する, 破れる, 引き離される «to » (!有利な立場を相手に与えること ) .g ò over the s à me (old ) gr ó und つまらぬ話を蒸し返す, 以前の議論を繰り返す .g ò to gr ó und 〈キツネなどが 〉地下 [穴 ]に逃げ込む ; ｟主に英 ｠(警察などから )〈犯人が 〉長期にわたって身を隠す .h ì t the gr ó und ｟くだけて ｠(危険を避けて )伏せる .h ì t the gr ò und r ú nning 〈事業などを 〉うまく [すばやく ]立ち上げる, (勢いよく )スタートする .h ò ld [k è ep ] one's gr ó und «…に対して » 自分の立場 [意見 ]を守り抜く, 一歩も引かない «against » ; (厳しい現状を )しっかり直視する .into the gr ó und 最後まで, 徹底的に (!地面にめり込むまで, の意から ) .k ì ss the gr ó und ＝bite the dust .l ò se gr ó und 1 ＝give ground .2 〈人が 〉病気になる ; 〈計画などが 〉評価 [支持 ]を失う, 失敗する ; 〈理論などが 〉影響力を失う, すたれる (↔gain ground ).m à ke up gr ó und «…に » 追いつく «on » ; 勢力 [人気 ]を回復する .ò ff the gr ó und 〈飛行機が 〉飛行中で ; 〈計画などが 〉進行中で .on d à ngerous [s à fe ] gr ó und 他人の感情を害する可能性のある [ない ]話題で ; 危うい立場 [無難な位置 ]に .on one's ò wn [fam ì liar, ｟主に英 ｠h ò me ] gr ó und よく知っている場所で ; 自分の専門領域 [精通した話題 ]で .on the gr ó und 1 現場で (!特に交戦中の戦場をさす ) ; 実地に, 実用的に .2 一般大衆の間 [草の根 ]に .prep à re the gr ó und «…のための » 地ならし [下準備 ]をする «for » ▸ We have so far prepared the ground for the main chapters .以上が本論への導入である (!論文などの表現 ) r ù n A into the gr ó und (倒れる [壊れる ]まで )A 〈人 物 〉を酷使する ; A 〈事 〉を徹底的に実行する ; A 〈人 〉を厳しく攻撃する ▸ He ran himself into the ground .彼はぼろぼろになるまで働いた r ù n to gr ó und ＝go to ground .r ù n A to gr ó und ｟主に英 ｠(長く探し回ったあげくにやっと )A 〈人 物 〉を探し出す, 見つけだす .sh ì ft one's gr ó und (討論などで )自分の立場 [自説の論拠 ]を変える .st à nd one's gr ó und ＝hold one's ground .t ò uch gr ó und 1 (話などが )本題に入る .2 (船が )水底に触れる .w ò rk A into the gr ó und ＝run A into the ground .w ò rship the gr ó und A w á lks [tr é ads ] on A 〈人 〉を熱愛する .動詞 ～s /-z /; ～ed /-ɪd /; ～ing 他動詞 【接地させる 】1 〈物 人 〉を地面に置く, おろす .2 〈飛行機 (の乗員 乗客 )など 〉を離陸させない, 地上にとめておく (!しばしば受け身で ) ; 〈飛行機の乗員など 〉を地上勤務にする ▸ An accident at the airport forced all the planes to be grounded .空港での事故によってすべての旅客機が離陸できなくなった [足止めを食った ]3 ｟主に米 くだけて ｠〈親などが 〉 «…の理由で » 〈子供など 〉に外出禁止の罰を与える, …を罰として遊びに行かせない «for » (!しばしば受け身で ) ▸ You're grounded for a week .1週間遊びに行っちゃだめよ 4 ｟米 ｠〈電気製品など 〉にアース [接地 ]線を付ける, 〈電線など 〉を接地させる (｟英 ｠earth ).5 〈船 〉を座礁させる, 沈没させる ;〘 アメフト 〙〈ボール 〉を地面に付ける .【基礎づける 】6 【根拠などに 】〈議論など 〉を基づかせる (base ) «in , on » (!しばしば受け身で ) ▸ The therapy is grounded in [on ] solid research .その療法はしっかりした研究に基づいている 7 〖～ A in B 〗A 〈人 〉にB 〈学問など 〉の基礎を教え込む (!しばしば受け身で ) ▸ New students were grounded in English conversation .新入生は英会話の基礎を徹底的に指導された 8 〈絵など 〉の下塗りをする , 背景色 [バック ]を塗る .自動詞 1 地面に着く [落ちる ]; (アース線として )接地される ; 座礁する, 沈没する .2 〘野球 〙ゴロを打つ .3 «…に » 基づく «on » .gr ò und ó ut 〘野球 〙ゴロを打ってアウトになる .形容詞 〖名詞 の前で 〗1 地面 [地上 ]の 〈部隊など 〉.2 陸生 [穴居性, 底生 ]の 〈動物 魚など 〉; 地面にはびこる, 地衣性の 〈植物など 〉.3 基礎的な 〈立場など 〉.～́ b à it まき餌 .～́ b à ll 〘野球 〙ゴロ (grounder ).～́ cl ò th ｟米 ｠(テントの中で地面に敷く )防水布 (｟英 ｠groundsheet ).～́ contr ò l (飛行機 宇宙船などの )地上管制 (係員 [装置 ]).～́ c ò ver 下生え, 地面をおおう植物 〘コケ類 下草など; 芝の代わりに植えることも 〙.～́ cr è w 〖集合的に; 単複両扱い 〗(航空会社の )地上勤務係員 .～̀ fl ó or ｟主に英 ｠(建物の )1階 (｟米 ｠first floor )(→floor 事情 ); (優位に立つための )初期参加 ▸ get in on the ground floor (計画などに )当初から参画する ～́ f ò rces 〘軍 〙地上部隊 .～́ fr ò st 地上 (付近 )の霜 (!作物の害となる ) .～́ h ò stess (航空会社の )地上接客係員 (!air hostessと共に女性が意識され最近ではあまり用いない ) .～́ ì vy 〘植 〙カキドオシ .～́ l è vel 1 1階 .2 (会社などの )平社員 .3 ＝ground state .～́ ò perator 地上輸送業者 .～́ pl à n (建築物の )平面図 ; 基礎計画 .～́ r è nt ｟主に英 ｠地代, 借地料 .～́ r ù le 1 〖通例 ～s 〗(将来の行動などを規定する )基本原理 .2 ｟米 ｠〘スポーツ 〙(球場 コートごとに特有の )グラウンドルール .～̀ r ù le d ó uble 〘野球 〙エンタイトルツーベース .～́ sp è ed 〘空 〙対地速度 (↔airspeed ).～́ squ ì rrel 〘動 〙ジリス (gopher ) 〘北米産 〙.～́ st à ff ｟英 ｠グラウンド整備係 ; (航空会社の )地上勤務係員 .～́ st à te 〘物理 〙基底状態 .～́ st à tion (飛行機 船舶の航行を管理する )地上局 .～́ str ò ke 〘テニス 〙グラウンドストローク (↔volley ) 〘ワンバウンドで打つこと 〙.～́ w ì re ｟米 ｠接地 [アース ]線 (grounding wire ).～̀ z é ro 1 (核爆弾の )爆心地 .2 ｟米 ｠〖G- Z- 〗グラウンドゼロ 〘民間反核団体 〙.3 出発 [始発 ]点 .4 〖しばしばG - Z- 〗グラウンドゼロ 〘2001年のアメリカ同時多発テロ事件における世界貿易センタービル崩壊跡地 〙.
ground
ground 2 /ɡraʊnd /動詞 grindの過去形 過去分詞 .形容詞 1 すりつぶした, 粉の ▸ ground beef 牛の挽 （ひ ） き肉 2 すった, 磨いた ; ざらざらの ▸ ground glass すりガラス
groundbreaking
gr ó und br è aking 形容詞 1 革新的な .2 起工 (式 )の .名詞 C 起工式, くわ入れ式 .
grounded
gr ó und ed /-ɪd /形容詞 十分な根拠をもって ; 冷静に事態をとらえて ; 〈子供が 〉罰として外出を禁じられて . k è ep A gr ó unded A 〈有名になった人 〉を天狗 （てんぐ ）にさせないようにする .
grounder
gr ó und er 名詞 C 〘野球 クリケット 〙ゴロ .
groundhog
gr ó und h ò g 名詞 C ｟米 ｠〘動 〙マーモット 〘リス科の動物 〙, ウッドチャック (woodchuck ) 〘マーモット属の代表種 〙.G -́ D à y ｟米 ｠聖燭 （しよく ）節の日 (Candlemas ) 〘2月2日; この日初めてマーモットが冬眠の穴を出るといわれる; 日本の 「啓蟄 （けいちつ ）」に似る 〙.
grounding
gr ó und ing 名詞 U C 1 «…の » 基本教育 ; 基礎知識 «in » .2 接地, アース (をとること ).3 (飛行機の )離陸見合わせ ; 外出禁止 .
groundless
gr ó und less 形容詞 根拠 [理由, 原因, いわれ ]のない .～ly 副詞 ～ness 名詞
groundling
ground ling /ɡráʊn (d )lɪŋ /名詞 C 1 低級な読者 [観客 ] 〘エリザベス朝時代の劇場の土間客から 〙.2 地上勤務者 〘宇宙航空業界用語 〙.3 地面 [中 ]をはう動 [植 ]物 ; 水底魚 〘カレイ ナマズなど 〙.
groundnut
gr ó und n ù t 名詞 C 〘植 〙1 地中に塊茎を持つ植物の総称 〘アメリカホドイモなど 〙.2 ｟主に英 ｠落花生, ピーナッツ .
groundsheet
gr ó und sh è et 名詞 ｟英 ｠＝ground cloth .
groundsman
gr ó unds man 名詞 複 -men C ｟主に英 ｠(競技場 公園などの )管理人 (｟男女共用 ｠ground (s )-keeper ).
groundswell
gr ó und sw è ll 名詞 〖単数形で 〗(世論 支持などの )高まり ; (地震 あらしによる )大波 .
groundwater
gr ó und w à ter 名詞 U 地下水 .
groundwork
gr ó und w ò rk 名詞 U 1 〖the ～〗(抽象的な意味で ) «…の » 基礎, 土台 ; 準備, 根回し ; 根本原理 «for » .2 〘美 〙背景, バック .
The Wordsmith Dictionary