English-Thai Dictionary

grad

N ผู้สำเร็จการศึกษา  graduate phu-sam-red-kan-suek-sa

 

gradate

VT ทำให้ เปลี่ยนแปลง อย่าง ค่อยเป็นค่อยไป 

 

gradation

N การเปลี่ยนแปลง ช้าๆ  การเปลี่ยนแปลง แบบ ค่อยเป็นค่อยไป  vairation shade kan-pian-plaeng-cha-cha

 

gradation

VI เปลี่ยนแปลง ช้าๆ  ค่อยเป็นค่อยไป  pian-plaeng-cha-cha

 

gradation

VT เปลี่ยนแปลง ช้าๆ  ค่อยเป็นค่อยไป  pian-plaeng-cha-cha

 

gradational

ADJ ซึ่ง เปลี่ยนแปลง อย่าง ช้าๆ  ซึ่ง แบ่ง เป็น ระดับ  graded sueng-pian-plaeng-cha-cha

 

grade

N ชนชั้น  นักเรียน ใน ชั้น  chon-chan

 

grade

N ระดับ  ระดับ คะแนน  เกรด  class category rank standard ra-dub

 

grade

VT ทำ ทางลาด  ทำ ถนน  tan-tang-lad

 

grade

VT แบ่งระดับ  แบ่ง ชั้น  ทำ เป็น ชั้นๆ  ให้คะแนน  ให้ ตำแหน่ง  rate mark score bang-ra-dub

 

grade down

PHRV ลดลง (ระดับ  ตำแหน่ง  ประเภท  grade up lod-long

 

grade point average

N คะแนนเฉลี่ย (คำย่อ คือ  GPA grade point index ka-naen-cha-lia

 

grade school

N โรงเรียนประถม ศึกษา  elementary school rong-rian-pra-tom-suek-sa

 

grade up

PHRV ปรับปรุง คุณ ภาพ ของ  prab-prung-kun-na-phab-kong

 

grade up

PHRV ยกขึ้น (ระดับ  ตำแหน่ง  ประเภท  grade down yok-kuan

 

grader

N ผู้ ให้คะแนน ใน การ สอบ  phu-hai-ka-naen-nai-kan-sob

 

gradient

N ความลาด ชัน  kwam-lad-chan

 

gradient

N เนิน ลาด  ทางลาด  ผิวหน้า ลาด  slope plane nuan-lad

 

gradine

N ระดับ ขั้น 

 

grading

N ระดับ ขั้น 

 

gradino

N ระดับ ขั้น 

 

gradual

ADJ ซึ่ง เกิดขึ้น ช้าๆ  ทีละน้อย  ค่อยๆ  ทยอย  continuous creeping sueng-koed-kuen-cha-cha

 

gradual

N บท เพลงสวด ใน ศาสนาคริสต์  หนังสือ เพลงสวด  bod-pleng-suad-nai-sad-sa-na-krid

 

gradualism

N การเปลี่ยนแปลง ทางการเมือง แบบ ค่อยเป็นค่อยไป  kan-pian-plaeng-tang-kan-mueang-baeb-koi-pen-koi-pai

 

gradually

ADV อย่าง ทีละน้อย  yang-te-la-noi

 

graduate

ADJ เกี่ยวกับ นักศึกษา ที่ เรียน ปี สุดท้าย  senior upper-level kiao-kab-nak-suek-sa-ti-rian-pe-sud-tai

 

graduate

N ผู้สำเร็จการศึกษา  บัณ ฑิต  ผู้ รับปริญญา  degree-holder qualified person phu-sam-red-kan-suek-sa

 

graduate

SL เปลี่ยน จาก ใช้ ยา ธรรมดา เป็น ยาเสพติด  pian-jak-chai-ya-tam-ma-da-pen-ya-seb-tid

 

graduate

VI เรียนจบ  จบ การศึกษา  ได้ รับปริญญา  rian-job

 

graduate from

PHRV จบ การศึกษา จาก มหาวิทยาลัย  job-kan-suek-sa-jak-ma-ha-wid-ta-ya-lai

 

graduate from

PHRV จบ การศึกษา จาก โรงเรียน  วิทยาลัย  มหาวิทยาลัย  job-kan-suek-sa-jak-rong-rian-wid-ta-ya-lai-ma-ha-wid-ta-ya-lai

 

graduate in

PHRV จบ (การศึกษา  สาขา  job

 

graduate in

PHRV วัด เป็น (หน่วย  wad-pen

 

graduate school

N บัณ ฑิต วิทยาลัย  ban-did-wig-ta-ya-lai

 

graduate with

PHRV จบ การศึกษา พร้อมกับ  job-kan-suek-sa-prom-kab

 

graduate with

PHRV ได้ รับปริญญา พร้อมกับ หรือ ด้วย (เกียรตินิยม  คะแนน  รางวัล  dai-rab-pa-rin-ya-prom-kab-rue-duai

 

graduated

ADJ ซึ่ง แบ่ง ตาม ระดับ  sueng-baeng-tam-ra-dab

 

graduation

N การ สำเร็จการศึกษา  commencement convocation kan-sam-red-kan-suek-sa

 

graduator

N ผู้ แบ่งระดับ 

 

gradus

N พจนานุกรม เสียง สัมผัส ของ บทกวี ขอ  พจนานุกรม เสียง สัมผัส ของ บทกวี กรีก และ ละติน 

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

GRADATION

n.[L. gradatio.] 1. A series of ascending steps or degrees, or a proceeding step by step; hence, progress from one degree or state to another; a regular advance from step to step. We observe a gradation in the progress of society from a rude to civilized life. Men may arrive by several gradations to the most horrid impiety.
2. A degree in any order or series; we observe a gradation in the scale of being, from brute to mane, from man to angels.
3. Order; series; regular process by degrees or steps; as a gradation in argument or description.

 

GRADATORY

a.Proceeding step by step.

 

GRADATORY

n.Steps from the cloisters into the church.

 

GRADE

n.[L. gradus, a step. gradior, to step to go, rota. We observe further that the Latin gradior forms gressus, by a common change of d to s; Heb. to descend. ] 1. A degree or rank in order or dignity, civil, military or ecclesiastical.
While questions, periods, and grades and privileges are never once formally discussed.
2. A step or degree in any ascending series; as crimes of every grade.
When we come to examine the intermediate grades.

 

GRADIENT

a.[L. gradiens, gradior.] Moving by steps; walking; as gradient automata.

 

GRADUAL

a.Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing step by step; passing from one step to another; regular and slow; as a gradual increase of knowledge; a gradual increase of light in the morning is favorable to the eyes. 1. Proceeding by degrees in a descending line or progress; as a gradual decline.

 

GRADAUL

n.An order of steps. 1. A grail; an ancient book of hymns and prayers.

 

GRADUALLY

adv. By degrees; step by step; regularly; slowly. At evening the light vanishes gradually. 1. In degree. [Not used. ]
Human reason doth not only gradually, but specifically differ from the fantastic reason of brutes.

 

GRADUATE

v.t.[L. gradus, a degree. ] 1. To honor with a degree or diploma, in a college or university; to confer a degree on; as, to graduate a master of arts.
2. To mark with degrees, regular intervals, or division; as, to graduate a thermometer.
3. To form shades or nice differences.
4. To raise to a higher place in the scale of metals.
5. To advance by degrees; to improve.
Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts.
6. To temper; to prepare.
Diseases originating in the atmosphere act exclusively on bodies graduated to receive their impressions.
7. To mark degrees or differences of any kind; as, to graduate punishment.
8. In chimistry, to bring fluids to a certain degree of consistency.

 

GRADUATE

v.i.To receive a degree from a college or university. 1. To pass by degrees; to change gradually. Sandstone which graduates into gneiss, Carnelian sometimes graduates into quartz.

 

GRADUATE

n.One who has received a degree in a college or university, or from some professional incorporated society.

 

GRADUATED

pp. Honored with a degree or diploma from some learned society or college. 1. Marked with degrees or regular intervals; tempered.

 

GRADUATESHIP

n.The state of a graduate.

 

GRADUATING

ppr. Honoring with a degree; marking with degrees.

 

GRADUATION

n.Regular progression by succession of degrees. 1. Improvement; exaltation of qualities.
2. The act of conferring or receiving academical degrees.
3. The act of marking with degrees.
4. The process of bringing a liquid to a certain consistence by evaporation.

 

GRADUATOR

n.An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into equal parts.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

GRADATE

Gra "date, v. t. Etym: [See Grade. ]

 

1. To grade or arrange (parts in a whole, colors in painting, etc. ), so that they shall harmonize.

 

2. (Chem. )

 

Defn: To bring to a certain strength or grade of concentration; as, to gradate a saline solution.

 

GRADATION

Gra *da "tion, n., Etym: [L. gradatio: cf. F. gradation. See Grade. ]

 

1. The act of progressing by regular steps or orderly arrangement; the state of being graded or arranged in ranks; as, the gradation of castes.

 

2. The act or process of bringing to a certain grade.

 

3. Any degree or relative position in an order or series. The several gradations of the intelligent universe. I. Taylor.

 

4. (Fine Arts )

 

Defn: A gradual passing from one tint to another or from a darker to a lighter shade, as in painting or drawing.

 

6. (Mus. )

 

Defn: A diatonic ascending or descending succession of chords.

 

GRADATION

GRADATION Gra *da "tion, v. t.

 

Defn: To form with gradations. [R.]

 

GRADATIONAL

GRADATIONAL Gra *da "tion *al, a.

 

Defn: By regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining to gradation.

 

GRADATORY

Grad "a *to *ry, a. Etym: [See Grade. ]

 

1. Proceeding step by step, or by gradations; gradual. Could we have seen [Macbeth's ] crimes darkening on their progress. .. could this gradatory apostasy have been shown us. A. Seward.

 

2. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: Suitable for walking; -- said of the limbs of an animal when adapted for walking on land.

 

GRADATORY

Grad "a *to *ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. gradatarium.] (Arch. )

 

Defn: A series of steps from a cloister into a church.

 

GRADE

Grade, n. Etym: [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from gradi to step, go. Cf. Congress, Degree, Gradus. ]

 

1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as, grades of military rank; crimes of every grade; grades of flour. They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure, teachers of every grade. Buckle.

 

2. In a railroad or highway: (a ) The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation from a level surface to an inclined plane; -- usually stated as so many feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall in so many of horizontal distance; as, a heavy grade; a grade of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264. (b ) A graded ascending, descending, or level portion of a road; a gradient.

 

3. (Stock Breeding )

 

Defn: The result of crossing a native stock with some better breed. If the crossbreed have more than three fourths of the better blood, it is called high grade. At grade, on the same level; -- said of the crossing of a railroad with another railroad or a highway, when they are on the same level at the point of crossing. -- Down grade, a descent, as on a graded railroad. -- Up grade, an ascent, as on a graded railroad. -- Equating for grades. See under Equate. -- Grade crossing, a crossing at grade.

 

GRADE

Grade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grading. ]

 

1. To arrange in order, steps, or degrees, according to size, quality, rank, etc.

 

2. To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive ascent, as the line of a canal or road.

 

3. (Stock Breeding )

 

Defn: To cross with some better breed; to improve the blood of.

 

GRADELY

Grade "ly, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. grad grade, step, order, fr. L. gradus. See Grade. ]

 

Defn: Decent; orderly. [Prov. Eng. ] Halliwell. -- adv.

 

Defn: Decently; in order. [Prov. Eng. ]

 

GRADER

GRADER Grad "er, n.

 

Defn: 1. One who grades, or that by means of which grading is done or facilitate.

 

Defn: 2. A vehicle used for levelling earth, esp. one with a plow blade suspended from the center, used specifically for grading roads.

 

GRADIENT

Gra "di *ent, a. Etym: [L. gradiens, p. pr. of gradi to step, to go. See Grade. ]

 

1. Moving by steps; walking; as, gradient automata. Wilkins.

 

2. Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination; as, the gradient line of a railroad.

 

3. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birsds.

 

GRADIENT

GRADIENT Gra "di *ent, n.

 

1. The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade.

 

2. A part of a road which slopes upward or downward; a portion of a way not level; a grade.

 

3. The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the curve which represents it; as, a thermometric gradient. Gradient post, a post or stake indicating by its height or by marks on it the grade of a railroad, highway, or embankment, etc. , at that spot.

 

GRADIN; GRADINE

Gra "din, Gra *dine ", n. Etym: [F. gradin, dim. of grade. See Grade. ](Arch. )

 

Defn: Any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the like; a set raised over another. "The gradines of the amphitheeater." Layard.

 

GRADINE

Gra *dine ", n. Etym: [F. gradine. ]

 

Defn: A toothed chised by sculptors.

 

GRADING

GRADING Grad "ing, n.

 

Defn: The act or method of arranging in or by grade, or of bringing, as the surface of land or a road, to the desired level or grade.

 

GRADINO

Gra *di "no, n.; pl. Gradinos. Etym: [It. ] (Arch. )

 

Defn: A step or raised shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf. Superaltar, and Gradin.

 

GRADUAL

Grad "u *al "; a. Etym: [Cf; F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Gradual, n.]

 

Defn: Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in ascent or descent or from one state to another; regularly progressive; slow; as, a gradual increase of knowledge; a gradual decline. Creatures animate with gradual life Of growth, sense, reason, all summed up in man. Milton.

 

GRADUAL

Grad "u *al, n. Etym: [LL. graduale a gradual (in sense 1 ), fr. L.gradus step: cf. F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Grail a gradual. ]

 

1. (R. C. Ch. ) (a ) An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass, which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the steps. (b ) A service book containing the musical portions of the Mass.

 

2. A series of steps. [Obs. ] Dryden.

 

GRADUALITY

GRADUALITY Grad "u *al "i *ty, n.

 

Defn: The state of being gradual; gradualness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

 

GRADUALLY

GRADUALLY Grad "u *al *ly, adv.

 

1. In a gradual manner.

 

2. In degree. [Obs. ] Human reason doth not only gradually, but specifically, differ from the fantastic reason of brutes. Grew.

 

GRADUALNESS

GRADUALNESS Grad "u *al *ness, n.

 

Defn: The quality or state of being gradual; regular progression or gradation; slowness. The gradualness of this movement. M. Arnold. The gradualness of growth is a characteristic which strikes the simplest observer. H. Drummond.

 

GRADUATE

Grad "u *ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graduated p. pr. & vb. n. Graduating (.] Etym: [Cf. F. graduer. See Graduate, n., Grade. ]

 

1. To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.

 

2. To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp. , in a college or university, to admit, at the close of the course, to an honorable standing defined by a diploma; as, he was graduated at Yale College.

 

3. To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of; as, to graduate the heat of an oven. Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts. Browne.

 

4. (Chem. )

 

Defn: To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by evaporation, as a fluid. Graduating engine, a dividing engine. See Dividing engine, under Dividing.

 

GRADUATE

GRADUATE Grad "u *ate, v. i.

 

1. To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; as, sandstone which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes graduates into quartz.

 

2. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: To taper, as the tail of certain birds.

 

3. To take a degree in a college or university; to become a graduate; to receive a diploma. He graduated at Oxford. Latham. He was brought to their bar and asked where he had graduated. Macaulay.

 

GRADUATE

Grad "u *ate, n. Etym: [LL. graduatus, p. p. of graduare to admit to a degree, fr. L. gradus grade. See Grade, n.]

 

1. One who has received an academical or professional degree; one who has completed the prescribed course of study in any school or institution of learning.

 

2. A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by apothecaries and chemists. See under Graduated.

 

GRADUATE

Grad "u *ate, a. Etym: [See Graduate, n. & v.]

 

Defn: Arrangei by successive steps or degrees; graduated. Beginning with the genus, passing through all the graduate and subordinate stages. Tatham.

 

GRADUATED

GRADUATED Grad "u *a "ted, a.

 

1. Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into grades.

 

2. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: Tapered; -- said of a bird's tail when the outer feathers are shortest, and the others successively longer. Graduated tube, bottle, cap, or glass, a vessel, usually of glass, having horizontal marks upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the amount of the contents at the several levels. -- Graduated spring (Railroads ), a combination of metallic and rubber springs.

 

GRADUATESHIP

GRADUATESHIP Grad "u *ate *ship, n.

 

Defn: State of being a graduate. Milton.

 

GRADUATION

Grad "u *a "tion, n. Etym: [LL. graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F.graduation division into degrees.]

 

1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as, graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color; graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc.

 

2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or quantity; a scale.

 

3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to hasten its evaporation.

 

GRADUATOR

GRADUATOR Grad "u *a "tor, n.

 

1. One who determines or indicates graduation; as, a graduator of instruments.

 

2. An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into small, regular intervals.

 

3. An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine or vinegar, over a large surface, for exposure to the air.

 

GRADUS

Gra "dus, n. Etym: [From L. gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus. ]

 

Defn: A dictionary of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or Latin poetry. He set to work. .. without gradus or other help. T. Hughes.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

grad

grad |grad ɡræd | ▶noun informal term for graduate.

 

grad.

grad. ▶abbreviation • gradient. • graduate. • graduated.

 

gradable

grad a ble |ˈgrādəbəl ˈɡreɪdəbəl | ▶adjective Grammar denoting an adjective that can be used in the comparative and superlative and take a submodifier. Contrasted with classifying. DERIVATIVES grad a bil i ty |ˌgrādəˈbilitē |noun

 

gradate

gra date |ˈgrādāt ˈɡreɪdeɪt | ▶verb pass or cause to pass by gradations from one shade of color to another: [ no obj. ] : the black background gradated toward a dark purple. • [ with obj. ] arrange in steps or grades of size, amount, or quality: (as adj. gradated ) : the Temple compound became a series of concentric circles of gradated purity. ORIGIN mid 18th cent.: back-formation from gradation .

 

gradation

gra da tion |grāˈdāSHən ɡrəˈdeɪʃn | ▶noun a scale or a series of successive changes, stages, or degrees: within the woodpecker family, there is a gradation of drilling ability. • a stage or change in such a scale or series: minute gradations of distance. • a minute change from one shade, tone, or color to another: amorphous shapes in subtle gradations of green and blue. • (in historical linguistics ) another term for ablaut. DERIVATIVES gra da tion al |-SHənl |adjective, gra da tion al ly |-SHənl -ē |adverb ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from Latin gradatio (n- ), based on gradus ‘step. ’

 

grade

grade |grād ɡreɪd | ▶noun 1 a particular level of rank, quality, proficiency, intensity, or value: sea salt is usually available in coarse or fine grades | grade AA butter. • a level in a salary or employment structure. • a mark indicating the quality of a student's work: I got good grades last semester. • Brit. an examination, esp. in music: I took grade five and got a distinction. • (with specifying ordinal number ) those students in a school or school system who are grouped by age or ability for teaching at a particular level for a year: she teaches first grade. • (in historical linguistics ) one in a series of related root forms exhibiting ablaut. • Zoology a group of animals at a similar evolutionary level. 2 a gradient or slope: just over the crest of a long seven percent grade. 3 [ usu. as modifier ] a variety of cattle produced by crossing with a superior breed: grade stock. ▶verb [ with obj. ] (usu. be graded ) 1 arrange in or allocate to grades; class or sort: they are graded according to thickness | (as adj. graded ) : carefully graded exercises. • give a mark to (a student or a piece of work ). 2 [ no obj. ] pass gradually from one level, esp. a shade of color, into another: the sky graded from blue to white on the horizon. 3 reduce (a road ) to an easy gradient. 4 cross (livestock ) with a superior breed. PHRASES at grade on the same level: the crossing at grade of two streets. make the grade informal succeed; reach the desired standard. ORIGIN early 16th cent.: from French, or from Latin gradus ‘step. ’ Originally used as a unit of measurement of angles (a degree of arc ), the term later referred to degrees of merit or quality.

 

Grade, Lew

Grade |greɪd |, Baron Grade of Elstree (1906 –98 ), British television producer and executive, born in Russia; born Louis Winogradsky. A pioneer of British commercial television, he served as president of ATV (Associated Television ) from 1977 to 1982.

 

grade crossing

grade cross ing ▶noun a place where a railroad and a road, or two railroad lines, cross at the same level.

 

gradely

grade ¦ly |ˈgreɪdli | ▶adjective N. English fine, decent, or respectable: she were a gradely lass. ORIGIN Middle English (originally in the sense ‘excellent, noble ’): from Old Norse greithligr, from greithr ‘ready ’.

 

grade point

grade point ▶noun a numerical value assigned to a letter grade received in a course at a college or university, multiplied by the number of credits awarded for the course.

 

grade point average

grade point av er age (abbr.: GPA ) ▶noun an indication of a student's academic achievement at a college or university, calculated as the total number of grade points received over a given period divided by the total number of credits awarded.

 

grader

grad er |ˈgrādər ˈɡreɪdər | ▶noun 1 a person or thing that grades. • a wheeled machine for leveling the ground, esp. in making roads. 2 [ in combination ] a student of a specified grade in a school: first-grader.

 

grade school

grade school |ˈɡreɪd ˌskul | ▶noun an elementary school. DERIVATIVES grade school er noun

 

gradience

gra di ence |ˈgrādēəns ˈɡreɪdiəns | ▶noun Linguistics the absence of a clear-cut boundary between one category and another, for example between cup and mug in semantics.

 

gradient

gra di ent |ˈgrādēənt ˈɡreɪdiənt | ▶noun 1 an inclined part of a road or railway; a slope: fail-safe brakes for use on steep gradients. • the degree of such a slope: the path becomes very rough as the gradient increases. • Mathematics the degree of steepness of a graph at any point. 2 Physics an increase or decrease in the magnitude of a property (e.g., temperature, pressure, or concentration ) observed in passing from one point or moment to another. • the rate of such a change. • Mathematics the vector formed by the operator ∇ acting on a scalar function at a given point in a scalar field. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from grade, on the pattern of salient .

 

gradine

gra dine |grəˈdēn ˈɡreɪdin |(also gradin |ˈgrādin |) ▶noun archaic a low step or ledge, esp. one at the back of an altar. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from Italian gradino, diminutive of grado ‘step. ’

 

gradiometer

gra di om e ter |ˌgrādēˈämitər ɡreɪdiˈɑːmɪtər | ▶noun a surveying instrument used for setting out or measuring the gradient of a slope. • Physics an instrument for measuring the gradient of an energy field, esp. the horizontal gradient of the earth's gravitational or magnetic field.

 

gradual

grad u al |ˈgrajo͞oəl ˈɡræʤəl | ▶adjective taking place or progressing slowly or by degrees: the gradual introduction of new methods. • (of a slope ) not steep or abrupt. ▶noun ( Gradual ) (in the Western Christian Church ) a response sung or recited between the Epistle and Gospel in the Mass. • a book of plainsong for the Mass. DERIVATIVES grad u al ness noun ORIGIN late Middle English: from medieval Latin gradualis, from Latin gradus ‘step. ’ The original sense of the adjective was ‘arranged in degrees ’; the noun refers to the altar steps in a church, from which the antiphons were sung.

 

gradualism

grad u al ism |ˈgrajo͞oəˌlizəm ˈɡræʤ (əw )əˌlɪzəm | ▶noun a policy of gradual reform rather than sudden change or revolution. • Biology the hypothesis that evolution proceeds chiefly by the accumulation of gradual changes (in contrast to the punctuationist model ). DERIVATIVES grad u al ist noun, grad u al is tic |ˌgrajəwəˈlistik |adjective

 

gradually

grad u al ly |ˈgrajo͞oəlē ˈɡræʤuəli | ▶adverb in a gradual way; slowly; by degrees: the situation gradually improved. gradually, his powers of speech returned.

 

graduand

graduand |ˈgradʒʊand, -dj-, -ənd | ▶noun Brit. a person who is about to receive an academic degree. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from medieval Latin graduandus, gerundive of graduare ‘take a degree ’ (see graduate ).

 

graduate

grad u ate ▶noun |ˈgrajo͞oit ˈɡrædjuət | 1 a person who has successfully completed a course of study or training, esp. a person who has been awarded an undergraduate academic degree. • a person who has received a high school diploma: she is 19, a graduate of Lincoln High. 2 a graduated cup, tube, flask, or measuring glass, used esp. by chemists and pharmacists. ▶verb |ˈgrajo͞oˌāt ˈɡrædjueɪt | 1 [ no obj. ] successfully complete an academic degree, course of training, or high school: I graduated from West Point in 1965. • [ with obj. ] informal receive an academic degree from: she graduated college in 1970. • [ with obj. ] confer a degree or other academic qualification on: the school graduated more than one hundred arts majors in its first year. • (graduate to ) move up to (a more advanced level or position ): he started with motorbikes but now he's graduated to his first car. 2 [ with obj. ] arrange in a series or according to a scale: (as adj. graduated ) : a graduated tax. • mark out (an instrument or container ) in degrees or other proportionate divisions: the stem was graduated with marks for each hour | [ as adj. ] : graduated cylinders. 3 [ with obj. ] change (something, typically color or shade ) gradually or step by step: the color is graduated from the middle of the frame to the top. ▶adjective |ˈgrajo͞oit ˈɡrædjuət | [ attrib. ] relating to graduate school education: the graduate faculty. • having graduated from a school or academic program: a graduate electrical engineer. ORIGIN late Middle English: from medieval Latin graduat- ‘graduated, ’ from graduare ‘take a degree, ’ from Latin gradus ‘degree, step. ’ usage: The traditional use is “be graduated from ”: she will be graduated from medical school in June. However, it is now more common to say “graduate from ”: she will graduate from medical school in June. The use of graduate as a transitive verb, as in he graduated high school last week, is increasingly common, especially in speech, but is considered incorrect by most traditionalists.

 

graduated pension

gradu |ated pen |sion ▶noun (in the UK ) a state pension paid under a system (in operation 1961 –75 ) in which both contributions and payments were in proportion to wages or salary.

 

graduate school

grad u ate school |ˈɡræʤəˌweɪt skul | ▶noun a division of a university offering advanced programs beyond the bachelor's degree.

 

graduation

grad u a tion |ˌgrajo͞oˈāSHən ɡræuˈeɪʃn | ▶noun 1 the receiving or conferring of an academic degree or diploma. • the ceremony at which degrees are conferred. 2 the action of dividing into degrees or other proportionate divisions on a graduated scale. • a mark on a container or instrument indicating a degree of quantity.

 

gradus

gra dus |ˈgrādəs ˈɡreɪdəs | ▶noun ( pl. graduses ) historical a manual of classical prosody formerly used in schools to help in writing Greek and Latin verse. ORIGIN mid 18th cent.: Latin, from Gradus ad Parnassum ‘Step (s ) to Parnassus, ’ the title of one such manual.

 

Oxford Dictionary

grad

grad 1 |grad | ▶noun informal term for graduate.

 

grad

grad 2 |grad | ▶abbreviation gradient.

 

gradable

grad |able |ˈgreɪdəb (ə )l | ▶adjective Grammar denoting an adjective that can be used in the comparative and superlative and take a submodifier. Contrasted with classifying. DERIVATIVES gradability noun

 

gradate

grad |ate |grəˈdeɪt | ▶verb pass or cause to pass by gradations from one shade of colour to another: [ no obj. ] : the black background gradated towards a dark purple. • [ with obj. ] arrange in steps or grades of size, amount, or quality: (as adj. gradated ) : the Temple compound became a series of concentric circles of gradated purity. ORIGIN mid 18th cent.: back-formation from gradation .

 

gradation

grad |ation |grəˈdeɪʃ (ə )n | ▶noun 1 a scale or series of successive changes, stages, or degrees: the Act fails to provide both a clear and defensible gradation of offences. • an individual stage within a succession of changes, stages, or degrees: gradations of size. • a minute variation in shade, tone, or colour: amorphous shapes in subtle gradations of green and blue. 2 (in historical linguistics ) another term for ablaut. DERIVATIVES gradational adjective, gradationally adverb ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from Latin gradatio (n- ), based on gradus ‘step ’.

 

grade

grade |greɪd | ▶noun 1 a particular level of rank, quality, proficiency, or value: sea salt is usually available in coarse or fine grades | [ in combination ] : high-grade steel. • a level in a salary or employment structure: clerical and secretarial grades. • Brit. a level of importance allocated to a listed building: [ as modifier ] : a Grade I listed building. • (in historical linguistics ) a relative position in a series of forms involving ablaut. • Zoology a group of animals at a similar evolutionary level. 2 chiefly N. Amer. a mark indicating the quality of a student's work: I got good grades last semester. • (with specifying ordinal number ) those pupils in a school or school system who are grouped by age or ability for teaching at a particular level for a year: she teaches first grade. • Brit. an examination, especially in music: I took grade five and got a distinction. 3 chiefly N. Amer. a gradient or slope: just over the crest of a long seven per cent grade. 4 [ usu. as modifier ] a variety of cattle produced by crossing with a superior breed: grade stock. ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 arrange in or allocate to grades; classify or sort: the timber is graded according to its thickness. 2 chiefly N. Amer. give a mark to (a student or a piece of work ). 3 [ no obj. ] pass gradually from one level, especially a shade of colour, into another: the sky graded from blue at the top of the shot to white on the horizon. 4 reduce (a road ) to an easy gradient. 5 cross (livestock ) with a superior breed. PHRASES at grade N. Amer. on the same level: the crossing at grade of two streets. make the grade informal succeed; reach the desired standard. ORIGIN early 16th cent.: from French, or from Latin gradus ‘step ’. Originally used as a unit of measurement of angles (a degree of arc ), the term later referred to degrees of merit or quality.

 

Grade, Lew

Grade |greɪd |, Baron Grade of Elstree (1906 –98 ), British television producer and executive, born in Russia; born Louis Winogradsky. A pioneer of British commercial television, he served as president of ATV (Associated Television ) from 1977 to 1982.

 

grade crossing

grade cross |ing ▶noun North American term for level crossing.

 

gradely

grade ¦ly |ˈgreɪdli | ▶adjective N. English fine, decent, or respectable: she were a gradely lass. ORIGIN Middle English (originally in the sense ‘excellent, noble ’): from Old Norse greithligr, from greithr ‘ready ’.

 

grade point

grade point ▶noun a numerical value assigned to a letter grade received in a course at a college or university, multiplied by the number of credits awarded for the course.

 

grade point average

grade point av er age (abbr.: GPA ) ▶noun an indication of a student's academic achievement at a college or university, calculated as the total number of grade points received over a given period divided by the total number of credits awarded.

 

grader

grader |ˈgreɪdə | ▶noun 1 a person or thing that grades. 2 a wheeled machine for levelling the ground, especially in making roads. 3 [ in combination ] N. Amer. a pupil of a specified grade in a school: a first-grader.

 

grade school

grade school ▶noun N. Amer. an elementary school. DERIVATIVES grade schooler noun

 

gradience

gra ¦di |ence ▶noun [ mass noun ] Linguistics the absence of a clear-cut boundary between one category and another, for example between cup and mug in semantics.

 

gradient

gradient |ˈgreɪdɪənt | ▶noun 1 an inclined part of a road or railway; a slope: fail-safe brakes for use on steep gradients. • the degree of a slope: the path becomes very rough as the gradient increases. • Mathematics the degree of steepness of a graph at any point. 2 Physics an increase or decrease in the magnitude of a property (e.g. temperature, pressure, or concentration ) observed in passing from one point or moment to another. • the rate of such a change. • Mathematics the vector formed by the operator ∇ acting on a scalar function at a given point in a scalar field. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from grade, on the pattern of salient .

 

gradine

gradine |grəˈdiːn |(also gradin |ˈgreɪdɪn |) ▶noun archaic a low step or ledge, especially one at the back of an altar. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from Italian gradino, diminutive of grado ‘step ’.

 

gradiometer

gradiometer |ˌgreɪdɪˈɒmɪtə | ▶noun a surveying instrument used for setting out or measuring the gradient of a slope. • Physics an instrument for measuring the gradient of an energy field, especially the horizontal gradient of the earth's gravitational or magnetic field.

 

gradual

gradual |ˈgradʒʊəl | ▶adjective 1 taking place or progressing slowly or by degrees: the gradual introduction of new methods. 2 (of a slope ) not steep or abrupt. ▶noun ( Gradual ) (in the Western Christian Church ) a response sung or recited between the Epistle and Gospel in the Mass. • a book of plainsong for the Mass. DERIVATIVES gradualness noun ORIGIN late Middle English: from medieval Latin gradualis, from Latin gradus ‘step ’. The original sense of the adjective was ‘arranged in degrees ’; the noun refers to the altar steps in a church, from which the antiphons were sung.

 

gradualism

grad ¦ual |ism |ˈgradʒʊəlɪz (ə )m | ▶noun [ mass noun ] a policy of gradual reform rather than sudden change or revolution. • Biology the hypothesis that evolution proceeds chiefly by the accumulation of gradual changes (in contrast to the punctuationist model ). DERIVATIVES gradualist noun, gradualistic |-ˈlɪstɪk |adjective

 

gradually

grad |ual ¦ly |ˈgradʒʊli, ˈgradjʊəli | ▶adverb in a gradual way; slowly; by degrees: the situation gradually improved. gradually, his powers of speech returned.

 

graduand

graduand |ˈgradʒʊand, -dj-, -ənd | ▶noun Brit. a person who is about to receive an academic degree. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from medieval Latin graduandus, gerundive of graduare ‘take a degree ’ (see graduate ).

 

graduate

gradu |ate ▶noun |ˈgradʒʊət, -djʊət |a person who has successfully completed a course of study or training, especially a person who has been awarded an undergraduate or first academic degree. • N. Amer. a person who has received a high-school diploma. ▶verb |ˈgradʒʊeɪt, -djʊeɪt | 1 [ no obj. ] successfully complete an academic degree, course of training, or (N. Amer. ) high school: he graduated from Glasgow University in 1990. • [ with obj. ] N. Amer. confer a degree or other academic qualification on: the school graduated more than one hundred arts majors in its first year. • (graduate to ) move up to (a more advanced level or position ): he started with motorbikes but now he's graduated to his first car. 2 [ with obj. ] arrange in a series or according to a scale: (as adj. graduated ) : a graduated tax. • mark out (an instrument or container ) in degrees or other proportionate gradations: the stem was graduated with marks for each hour. 3 [ with obj. ] change (something, typically colour or shade ) gradually or step by step: the colour is graduated from the middle of the frame to the top. ORIGIN late Middle English: from medieval Latin graduat- ‘graduated ’, from graduare ‘take a degree ’, from Latin gradus ‘degree, step ’.

 

graduated pension

gradu |ated pen |sion ▶noun (in the UK ) a state pension paid under a system (in operation 1961 –75 ) in which both contributions and payments were in proportion to wages or salary.

 

graduate school

gradu |ate school ▶noun N. Amer. a department of a university for advanced work by graduates.

 

graduation

gradu |ation |gradʒʊˈeɪʃ (ə )n, -djʊ -| ▶noun [ mass noun ] 1 the receiving or conferring of an academic degree or diploma. • [ count noun ] the ceremony at which degrees are conferred. 2 the action of dividing into degrees or other proportionate divisions on a graduated scale. • [ count noun ] a mark on a container or instrument indicating a degree of quantity.

 

gradus

gradus |ˈgreɪdəs | ▶noun ( pl. graduses ) historical a manual of classical prosody formerly used in schools to help in writing Greek and Latin verse. ORIGIN mid 18th cent.: Latin, from Gradus ad Parnassum ‘Step (s ) to Parnassus ’, the title of one such manual.

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

gradation

gradation noun 1 a gradation of ability: range, scale, spectrum, span; progression, hierarchy, ladder, pecking order. 2 each of the bands has a number of color gradations within it: level, grade, rank, position, status, stage, standard, echelon, rung, step, notch; class, stratum, group, grouping, set.

 

grade

grade noun 1 a higher grade of steel: category, set, class, classification, grouping, group, bracket. 2 his job is of the lowest grade: rank, level, echelon, standing, position, class, status, order; step, rung, stratum, tier. 3 she got the best grades in the class: mark, score; assessment, evaluation, appraisal. 4 he's in grade 5: year; class. 5 a steep grade. See gradient. ▶verb 1 eggs are graded by size: classify, class, categorize, bracket, sort, group, arrange, pigeonhole; rank, evaluate, rate, value. 2 the essays have been graded: score, mark, assess, judge, evaluate, appraise. 3 the colors grade into one another: blend, shade, merge, pass. PHRASES make the grade informal he lacked the experience to make the grade: qualify, be up to scratch, come up to standard, pass, pass muster, measure up; succeed, win through; informal be up to snuff, cut it, cut the mustard.

 

gradient

gradient noun 1 the gradient of Miller's Hill Road is less steep than it was fifty years ago: slope, incline, hill, rise, ramp, bank; declivity, grade. 2 the gradient of the line: steepness, angle, slant, slope, inclination.

 

gradual

gradual adjective 1 a gradual transition: slow, measured, unhurried, cautious; piecemeal, step-by-step, progressive, continuous, systematic, steady. ANTONYMS abrupt, sudden. 2 a gradual slope: gentle, moderate, slight, easy. ANTONYMS steep.

 

gradually

gradually adverb the icicles gradually got longer throughout the day | gradually add the flour mixture: slowly, slowly but surely, cautiously, gently, gingerly; piecemeal, little by little, bit by bit, inch by inch, by degrees; progressively, systematically; regularly, steadily.

 

graduate

graduate verb 1 he wants to teach when he graduates: get one's diploma, get one's degree, pass one's exams, complete /finish one's studies. 2 she wants to graduate to serious drama: progress, advance, move up. 3 a thermometer graduated in Fahrenheit: calibrate, mark off, measure out, grade.

 

graduation

graduation noun President Carter spoke at our graduation: graduation ceremony, graduation exercises, commencement, convocation.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

gradation

gradation noun 1 within the woodpecker family there is a gradation of drilling ability: range, scale, gamut, spectrum, sweep, compass, span; progression, sequence, succession, series; variety; hierarchy, ladder, ranking, pecking order. 2 each of the bands has a number of gradations within it: level, rank, position, standing, status, station, degree, grade, stage, standard, echelon, rung, point, mark, step, notch; class, stratum, group, grouping, set, classification.

 

grade

grade noun 1 hotels within the same grade: category, class, classification, grouping, group, set, section, bracket, division, type, brand. 2 they appointed him to the lowest grade: rank, level, echelon, standing, station, position, placing, class, status, order; stage, step, rung, rung on the ladder, notch, stratum, tier; degree of proficiency, degree of quality, degree of merit. 3 N. Amer. they got the best grades in the school: mark, score, grading, assessment, evaluation, appraisal. 4 N. Amer. a kid in the fifth grade: class, form, study group, school group, set, stream, band; year. 5 N. Amer. roads on steep grades: slope, gradient, incline, acclivity, declivity, tilt, angle; hill, rise, bank, ramp. PHRASES make the grade informal he lacked the experience to make the grade: come up to standard, come up to scratch, qualify, pass, pass muster, measure up, measure up to expectation; succeed, be successful, come through, come through with flying colours, win through, get through; informal be up to snuff, cut it, cut the mustard, crack it. ANTONYMS fail. ▶verb 1 the weights were graded in the box by size: classify, class, categorize, bracket, sort, group, order, arrange, type, pigeonhole, brand, size; rank, evaluate, rate, value, range, graduate, calibrate. 2 N. Amer. children should be told how they have been graded: assess, mark, score, judge, evaluate, appraise. 3 all these categories grade into one another: pass, shade, change, merge, blend, transmute, turn.

 

gradient

gradient noun 1 the road was on a steep gradient: slope, incline, hill, rise, rising ground, bank, ramp, acclivity; drop, descent, declivity; N. Amer. grade. 2 the gradient of the line: steepness, angle, slant, slope, inclination, leaning.

 

gradual

gradual adjective 1 the gradual transition from military to civilian rule: slow, moderate, measured, unhurried, restrained, cautious, circumspect, unspectacular; piecemeal, step by step, little by little, bit by bit; progressive, successive, continuous, systematic; regular, steady, even, consistent, uniform; informal softly-softly. ANTONYMS sudden; abrupt. 2 a gradual slope: gentle, not steep, moderate, slight, easy, subtle, imperceptible. ANTONYMS steep.

 

gradually

gradually adverb you can begin to introduce new ideas gradually: slowly, moderately, unhurriedly, cautiously, gently, gingerly, circumspectly, unspectacularly; piecemeal, step by step, little by little, bit by bit, inch by inch, piece by piece, drop by drop, by degrees; progressively, successively, continuously, systematically, slowly but surely; regularly, steadily, evenly, constantly, consistently, uniformly, at a regular pace; rare inchmeal, gradatim. ANTONYMS suddenly, abruptly.

 

graduate

graduate noun we need to recruit more graduates: degree-holder, person with a degree; Bachelor of Arts, BA, Bachelor of Science, BSc, Master of Arts, MA, Master of Science, MSc, doctor, PhD, DPhil. ▶verb 1 he wants to be a teacher when he graduates: qualify, pass one's exams, pass, be certified, be licensed; take an academic degree, receive /get one's degree, become a graduate, complete one's studies. 2 she wants to graduate to serious emotional drama: progress, advance, move up, go up, proceed, develop; gain promotion, be promoted. ANTONYMS regress; be demoted. 3 a proposal to graduate income tax: arrange in a series, arrange in order, order, group, classify, class, categorize, rank, grade, range. 4 the thermometer was graduated in Fahrenheit: calibrate, mark off, measure off /out, divide into degrees, grade.

 

Duden Dictionary

grad.

grad. Abkürzung graduiert

 

grad

grad umgangssprachlich |gr a d | gerade ; gerade ; gerade

 

Grad

Grad Substantiv, maskulin , der |Gr a d |der Grad; Genitiv: des Grad [e ]s, Plural: die Grade < aber: 30 Grad > lateinisch gradus, eigentlich = Schritt, zu: gradi = (einher )schreiten 1 a [messbare ] Stufe, Abstufung des mehr oder weniger starken Vorhandenseins einer Eigenschaft, eines Zustandes; Stärke, Maß der Grad der Feuchtigkeit, Helligkeit, Härte, Reife | den höchsten Grad der Reinheit, an Reinheit erreichen | einen hohen, geringen Grad von Verschmutzung, Verwahrlosung aufweisen | Chemie den Grad der Konzentration einer Flüssigkeit feststellen | Medizin Verbrennungen ersten, vierten Grades | ein Verwandter zweiten, dritten Grades | das missfällt mir in hohem, in höchstem, im höchsten Grade außerordentlich | miteinander im dritten Grad verwandt sein | gehoben ein Künstler von hohen Graden | diese Schrift ist um einen Grad (Druckwesen ; Schriftgrad ) größer als jene | bis zu einem gewissen Grade (in gewissem Maße ) übereinstimmen | diese Farbe ist [um ] einen Grad (Ton ), um einige Grade dunkler b Rang einen akademischen Grad , den akademischen Grad eines Doktors der Philosophie erwerben | ein Offizier im Grad eines Obersten c Mathematik höchste Potenz, in der eine Unbestimmte (Variable oder Unbekannte ) [in einer Gleichung ] auftritt eine Gleichung zweiten, dritten Grades 2 häufiger, fachsprachlich nur noch: das Grad Maßeinheit einer gleichmäßig eingeteilten Skala für das mehr oder weniger starke Vorhandensein bestimmter Eigenschaften (z. B. Wärme [der Luft ]), besonders Einheit für die Temperaturmessung Zeichen: ° 20 Grad Celsius (20 ° C, fachsprachlich: 20 °C ) | 80 Grad Fahrenheit | es waren 35 Grad [Celsius ] im Schatten | draußen herrschten 25 Grad Wärme, Kälte | gestern war es [um ] einige Grad , Grade kälter | 40 Grad Fieber haben | das Thermometer zeigt minus 5 Grad /5 Grad minus /5 Grad unter null | etwas auf 80 Grad erhitzen | das Thermometer stieg auf 30 Grad , steht auf, bei 30 Grad 3 a Maßeinheit für ebene Winkel (neunzigster Teil eines rechten Winkels )°; vgl. Minute 2 , Sekunde 3 der Winkel hat genau 30 Grad (30 °) | ein Winkel von 32 Grad | um 10 Grad [mehr als etwas anderes ] geneigt sein | sich um 180 Grad drehen eine halbe Drehung machen sich um hundertachtzig Grad drehen zum entgegengesetzten Standpunkt übergehen b Geografie, auch Astronomie Breiten- oder Längengrad °; vgl. Minute 2 , Sekunde 3 der Ort liegt auf dem 51. Grad nördlicher, südlicher Breite, auf dem 15. Grad westlicher, östlicher Länge | der Ort liegt unter 51 Grad (51 °) nördlicher Breite und 15 Grad (15 °) westlicher Länge

 

Gradation

Gra da ti on Substantiv, feminin , die |Gradati o n |a Steigerung, stufenweise Erhöhung; Abstufung b Aneinanderreihung steigernder vgl. (Klimax 1b ) oder abschwächender vgl. (Antiklimax ) Ausdrucksmittel (z. B.: Goethe, groß als Forscher, größer als Dichter, am größten als Mensch )

 

gradaus

grad aus Adverb geradaus

 

Gradbogen

Grad bo gen Substantiv, maskulin , der |Gr a dbogen |

 

grade

gra de Partikel umgangssprachlich gerade |gr a de |Partikel; unbetont zu gerade 1 drückt eine Verstärkung aus, weist mit Nachdruck auf etwas hin 2 drückt Ärger, Verstimmung o. Ä. aus ausgerechnet 3 umgangssprachlich schwächt eine Verneinung ab, mildert einen Tadel o. Ä.

 

grade

gra de Adverb umgangssprachlich gerade |gr a de |vgl. gerade a zeitlich in diesem Augenblick b umgangssprachlich kurz, rasch einmal; für [ganz ] kurze Zeit c in unmittelbarer Nähe, genau da d nur mit Mühe, ganz knapp e umgangssprachlich erst recht

 

Gradeinheit

Grad ein heit Substantiv, feminin , die |Gr a deinheit |in Grad 2 ausgedrückte Maßeinheit

 

Gradeinteilung

Grad ein tei lung Substantiv, feminin , die |Gr a deinteilung |Einteilung in Grade 2 2, 3

 

Gradel

Gra del Substantiv, maskulin süddeutsch, österreichisch , der Gradl |Gr a del |1 besonders für Arbeitskleidung, Säcke o. Ä. verwendetes festes Gewebe aus Leinen und Wolle mit eingewebtem [Fischgrät ]muster 2 Kies, grober Sand

 

gradenwegs

gra den wegs gradeswegs ; gradewegs geradenwegs |gr a denwegs |

 

gradeswegs

gra des wegs Adverb gradenwegs |gr a deswegs |

 

gradewegs

gra de wegs Adverb gradenwegs |gr a dewegs |

 

Gradheit

Grad heit Geradheit |Gr a dheit |

 

Gradient

Gra di ent Substantiv, maskulin Fachsprache , der |Gradi e nt |der Gradient; Genitiv: des Gradienten, Plural: die Gradienten zu lateinisch gradiens (Genitiv: gradientis ), 1. Partizip von: gradi, Grad Gefälle oder Anstieg einer Größe auf einer bestimmten Strecke

 

Gradiente

Gra di en te Substantiv, feminin Fachsprache , die |Gradi e nte |von Gradienten gebildete Neigungslinie

 

Gradientwind

Gra di ent wind Substantiv, maskulin Meteorologie , der |Gradi e ntwind |der Gradientwind; Genitiv: des Gradientwind [e ]s, Plural: die Gradientwinde Wind der freien Atmosphäre, der eigentlich in Richtung des Luftdruckgradienten weht, jedoch infolge der Corioliskraft nahezu parallel zu den Isobaren verläuft

 

gradieren

gra die ren schwaches Verb |grad ie ren |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « mit französierender Endung zu Grad 1 a bildungssprachlich verstärken, auf einen höheren Grad bringen b (besonders Solen in Gradierwerken ) allmählich konzentrieren 2 gradweise abstufen 3 Fachsprache in Grade (besonders 2, 3 ) einteilen

 

Gradierhaus

Gra dier haus Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Grad ie rhaus |Salzgewinnungsanlage

 

Gradierung

Gra die rung Substantiv, feminin , die |Grad ie rung |das Gradieren

 

Gradierwerk

Gra dier werk Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Grad ie rwerk |hohes, mit Reisig belegtes Holzgerüst, über das Sole herabrieselt, die durch erhöhte Verdunstung konzentriert wird früher zur Salzgewinnung, heute noch in Kurorten zur Erzeugung salzhaltiger und heilkräftiger Luft

 

Grädigkeit

Grä dig keit Substantiv, feminin Chemie , die |Gr ä digkeit |

 

Graditz

Gra ditz Eigenname |Gr a ditz |Ort südöstlich von Torgau

 

Graditzer

Gra dit zer Adjektiv |Gr a ditzer | die Graditzer Innenstadt

 

Graditzer

Gra dit zer Substantiv, maskulin , der |Gr a ditzer |Einwohnerbezeichnung

 

Graditzerin

Gra dit ze rin Substantiv, feminin , die |Gr a ditzerin |weibliche Form zu Graditzer

 

Gradl

Gradl Substantiv, maskulin süddeutsch, österreichisch , der Gradel |Gr a dl |der Gradl; Genitiv: des Gradls, Plural: die Gradl 1 besonders für Arbeitskleidung, Säcke o. Ä. verwendetes festes Gewebe aus Leinen und Wolle mit eingewebtem [Fischgrät ]muster 2 Kies, grober Sand

 

gradlinig

grad li nig geradlinig |gr a dlinig |

 

Gradlinigkeit

Grad li nig keit Substantiv, feminin , die |Gr a dlinigkeit | Geradlinigkeit

 

gradmäßig

grad mä ßig Adjektiv |gr a dmäßig |den Grad 1a betreffend eine gradmäßige Veränderung | gradmäßig verschieden

 

Gradmesser

Grad mes ser Substantiv, maskulin , der |Gr a dmesser |Maßstab für den Grad 1a von etwas der Preis ist kein Gradmesser für die Qualität

 

Gradnetz

Grad netz Substantiv, Neutrum besonders Geografie , das |Gr a dnetz |Netz der Längen - und Breitenkreise

 

Gradskala

Grad ska la Substantiv, feminin , die |Gr a dskala |

 

gradual

gra du al Adjektiv |gradu a l |lateinisch-mittellateinisch den Grad, Rang betreffend

 

Graduale

Gra du a le Substantiv, Neutrum katholische Kirche , das |Gradu a le |das Graduale; Genitiv: des Graduales, Plural: die Gradualien mittellateinisch graduale = Stufengebet, da dies meist auf den Stufen des Altars vorgetragen wurde 1 kurzer liturgischer Gesang in der Messe 1 nach der Epistel 2 liturgisches Buch mit den Gesängen der Messe 1

 

Graduallied

Gra du al lied Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Gradu a llied |das Graduallied; Genitiv: des Graduallied [e ]s, Plural: die Graduallieder anbetendes und lobpreisendes Gemeindelied zwischen den Schriftlesungen im evangelischen Gottesdienst

 

Gradualpsalm

Gra du al psalm Substantiv, maskulin , der |Gradu a lpsalm |der Gradualpsalm; Genitiv: des Gradualpsalms, Plural: die Gradualpsalmen Graduale 1

 

Gradualsystem

Gra du al sys tem Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Gradu a lsystem |das Gradualsystem; Genitiv: des Gradualsystems Erbfolge nach dem Grade der Verwandtschaft zum Erblasser durch Eintritt der übrigen Erben der gleichen Ordnung in die Erbfolge eines ausfallenden Erben (gesetzlich geregelt für Erben vierter und höherer Ordnung ); vgl. Parentelsystem

 

Graduation

Gra du a ti on Substantiv, feminin , die |Graduati o n |die Graduation; Genitiv: der Graduation, Plural: die Graduationen Gradeinteilung auf Messgeräten o. Ä.

 

graduell

gra du ell Adjektiv |gradu e ll |französisch graduel 1 dem Grad 1a nach [bestehend ] graduelle Veränderungen | etwas unterscheidet sich nur graduell 2 gradweise, allmählich gradueller Übergang

 

graduieren

gra du ie ren schwaches Verb |gradu ie ren |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « wohl unter Einfluss von französisch graduer < mittellateinisch graduare 1 a Hochschulwesen einen akademischen Grad, Titel verleihen jemanden [zum Ingenieur ] graduieren b Hochschulwesen, selten einen akademischen Grad, Titel erwerben in einem Fach graduieren 2 a Fachsprache gradweise abstufen b Fachsprache mit Gradeinteilung versehen

 

graduiert

gra du iert Adjektiv |gradu ie rt |1 einen akademischen Grad, Titel besitzend Abkürzung: grad. 2 das Abschlusszeugnis einer Fachhochschule besitzend Abkürzung: grad. , z. B. Ingenieur (grad. )

 

Graduierte

Gra du ier te substantiviertes Adjektiv, feminin |Gradu ie rte |die /eine Graduierte; der /einer Graduierten, die Graduierten /zwei Graduierte weibliche Person, die graduiert ist

 

Graduiertenkolleg

Gra du ier ten kol leg Substantiv, Neutrum Hochschulwesen , das |Gradu ie rtenkolleg |Programm für ausgewählte Doktoranden, das mit einem Stipendium und besonderer Förderung verbunden ist

 

Graduiertenschule

Gra du ier ten schu le Substantiv, feminin , die |Gradu ie rtenschule |

 

Graduierter

Gra du ier ter substantiviertes Adjektiv, maskulin |Gradu ie rter |der Graduierte /ein Graduierter; des /eines Graduierten, die Graduierten /zwei Graduierte jemand, der graduiert ist

 

Graduierung

Gra du ie rung Substantiv, feminin , die |Gradu ie rung |das Graduieren 1a 1a, 2

 

Gradunterschied

Grad un ter schied Substantiv, maskulin , der |Gr a dunterschied |Unterschied im Grad 1a

 

Gradus ad Parnassum

Gra dus ad Par nas sum Substantiv, maskulin , der |Gr a dus ad Parn a ssum |der Gradus ad Parnassum; Genitiv: des Gradus ad Parnassum, Plural: die Gradus |[…duːs ] |ad Parnassum lateinisch ; »Stufe zum Parnass « (dem altgriechischen Musenberg und Dichtersitz )a Geschichte Titel von Werken, die in die lateinische oder griechische Verskunst einführen b Musik Titel von Etüdenwerken

 

gradweise

grad wei se Adverb |gr a dweise |in Graden 1a ; Grad für Grad sich gradweise verändern | mit Verbalsubstantiven auch attributiv eine gradweise Veränderung

 

French Dictionary

gradateur (de lumière)

gradateur (de lumière ) n. m. nom masculin Dispositif permettant de réduire le flux lumineux d ’un appareil d ’éclairage. : Une lampe halogène munie d ’un gradateur (et non *dimmer ). SYNONYME variateur .

 

gradation

gradation n. f. nom féminin Accroissement ou décroissement progressif. : La gradation des sons, des couleurs. Note Sémantique Ne pas confondre avec le nom graduation, action de diviser en degrés, et son résultat.

 

grade

grade n. m. nom masculin Échelon de la hiérarchie. LOCUTIONS Grade universitaire. Rang dans la hiérarchie des diplômes universitaires (Recomm. off. ). : Quel est son grade universitaire (et non *académique )? tableau – grades et diplômes universitaires. Note Technique Le terme grade universitaire est un générique. Les termes baccalauréat, maîtrise et doctorat sont des termes spécifiques. Les certificats et les diplômes décernés par un établissement universitaire sont des diplômes, au sens général du terme, au même titre que les baccalauréats, les maîtrises et les doctorats, mais ne sont pas des grades. Monter en grade. figuré Avoir une promotion. SYNONYME prendre du galon . FORMES FAUTIVES grade. Anglicisme au sens de année scolaire. grade. Anglicisme au sens de degré (de malignité ). : Une tumeur de faible degré (et non *grade ) de malignité.

 

gradé

gradé , ée adj. et n. m. adjectif et nom masculin Qui a un grade. : Un militaire gradé. Note Sémantique Ne pas confondre avec les mots suivants: • gradué, divisé en degrés; • graduel, qui évolue par degrés.

 

grader

grader FORME FAUTIVE Anglicisme pour niveleuse.

 

gradin

gradin n. m. nom masculin Chacun des bancs étagés d ’un amphithéâtre. : Les gradins du stade olympique étaient remplis à craquer.

 

graduation

graduation n. f. nom féminin 1 Action de diviser en degrés. : La graduation d ’un instrument de mesure. 2 Ensemble des divisions correspondant à ces degrés. Note Sémantique Ne pas confondre avec le nom gradation, accroissement ou décroissement progressif. FORMES FAUTIVES bal de graduation. Anglicisme au sens de bal de fin d ’études, fête de fin d ’études. graduation. Anglicisme au sens de collation des grades (enseignement universitaire ), (cérémonie de ) remise des diplômes, cérémonie de fin d ’études (enseignement secondaire, enseignement collégial ).

 

gradué

gradué , ée adj. adjectif Divisé en degrés. : Un thermomètre gradué. Note Sémantique Ne pas confondre avec les mots suivants: • gradé, qui a un grade; • graduel, qui évolue par degrés. FORMES FAUTIVES études graduées. Calque de « graduate studies » pour cycles supérieurs. gradué. Anglicisme au sens de diplômé.

 

graduel

graduel , elle adj. adjectif Qui évolue par degrés. : La diminution graduelle du niveau de l ’eau. Note Sémantique Ne pas confondre avec les mots suivants: • gradé, qui a un grade; • gradué, divisé en degrés.

 

graduellement

graduellement adv. adverbe De façon graduelle. SYNONYME peu à peu .

 

graduer

graduer v. tr. verbe transitif 1 Diviser en degrés. : Ce thermomètre est gradué en Celsius. 2 Augmenter graduellement. : Les enseignants ont gradué les exercices en fonction des connaissances des élèves. FORME FAUTIVE graduer. Anglicisme au sens de obtenir un diplôme. aimer

 

Spanish Dictionary

grada

grada 1 nombre femenino 1 Escalón largo y más alto que ancho adecuado para sentarse en él :las gradas de un anfiteatro .2 Graderío :la grada de una plaza de toros; el entrenador sancionado por la federación presenció el partido desde la grada .Se usa también en plural con el mismo significado: el tenista estaba exultante cuando recogió el trofeo delante de las más de 20 000 personas que abarrotaban las gradas del estadio .3 Tarima o plataforma elevada situada al pie de un altar .4 mar Plano inclinado hecho de cantería (piedra labrada ) a orillas de un mar, río, etc. , sobre el cual se construyen o carenan los barcos .5 gradas nombre femenino plural Escalinata o conjunto de escalones amplios en el exterior de ciertos edificios monumentales :las gradas del palacio .ETIMOLOGÍA Derivado de grado ‘peldaño ’ (V.).

 

grada

grada 2 nombre femenino Apero de labranza consistente en una especie de reja o parrilla con púas por la parte inferior que sirve para allanar la tierra después de arada :se aplica el insecticida mediante una labor de grada antes de la siembra .SINÓNIMO rastra .ETIMOLOGÍA Voz patrimonial del latín cratis ‘zarza ’, ‘enrejado ’, ‘rastrillo ’.

 

gradación

gradación nombre femenino 1 Disposición u orden de una cosa en grados sucesivos, ya sea ascendentes o descendentes :la práctica del ejercicio físico requiere una gradación: no se puede empezar el primer día por los más duros; Zurbarán, como los artistas medievales, usaba sus tintas con preferencia en plena intensidad, sin gradaciones .2 Serie de cosas ordenadas gradualmente :la luz y el color tiñen la atmósfera de la ciudad con un tono peculiar en el que se suceden, combinándose caprichosamente, sutiles matices y cautivadoras gradaciones coloristas .3 lit Figura retórica que consiste en acumular palabras o ideas cuyo significado va aumentando o descendiendo por grados, de modo que cada una de ellas expresa algo más o menos que la anterior :las frases ‘sintió un miedo grande, enorme, terrible, sobrecogedor ’ y ‘el caballo camina, trota, galopa ’ son ejemplos de gradación .4 mús Progresión ascendente o descendente de períodos armónicos, relacionados entre sí .

 

gradería

gradería nombre femenino Graderío :los teatros estaban construidos en las laderas de los montes, aprovechando sus pendientes para instalar en ellas las graderías (‘cavea ’) a las que se accedía por pasillos .

 

graderío

graderío nombre masculino 1 Conjunto de gradas que suele haber en teatros, estadios o lugares a los que acude gran cantidad de público .SINÓNIMO grada, gradería .2 Público que ocupa ese conjunto de gradas :el tres a uno de los visitantes llevó el desasosiego al graderío .

 

gradiente

gradiente nombre masculino 1 fís Variación de una magnitud en función de la distancia, a partir de la línea en que esta variación es máxima en las magnitudes cuyo valor es distinto en los diversos puntos de una región del espacio .2 En meteorología, variación de un elemento meteorológico según una dirección determinada :gradiente térmico; la capa más alta de la troposfera se caracteriza por un gradiente térmico vertical que permanece constante, provocando un descenso desde los 3 a los 12 kilómetros de 0,6 grados centígrados por cada 100 metros de altitud .3 nombre femenino Chile, Ecuad, Nicar, Perú Pendiente o declive del terreno .

 

gradilla

gradilla nombre femenino 1 Escalera pequeña portátil .2 Soporte donde se colocan los tubos de ensayo en el laboratorio .ETIMOLOGÍA Derivado de grada ‘escalón adecuado para sentarse en él ’.

 

grado

grado 1 nombre masculino 1 Estado, valor o calidad susceptible de variación dentro de una serie, un proceso o una escala ordenados de forma creciente o decreciente, que se pone en relación con otros estados, valores o calidades de la misma serie, escala o proceso :todos estamos implicados en el caso, pero en diferentes grados; expresaron su satisfacción por el grado de participación popular de la cita; debes incrementar tu grado de comprensión hacia la gente querida .2 Nivel o posición que ocupa una persona dentro de una organización jerárquica, especialmente en el escalafón militar :grado de capitán .3 Unidad de medida de la temperatura en distintas escalas :grado centígrado o grado Celsius; grado Fahrenheit; grado Kelvin; el termómetro marcaba 11 grados bajo cero .4 Unidad de medida de la cantidad de alcohol que contiene un líquido :alcohol de 90 o; algunos licores tienen más de 40 o .5 Parte en que, junto a otras trescientas cincuenta y nueve iguales, se divide la circunferencia; se utiliza como unidad de medida de ángulos y de longitudes y latitudes geográficas :un ángulo recto tiene 90 grados; la mitad de un círculo tiene 180 grados; los husos horarios son 24 zonas de 15 grados de longitud cada una en que se ha dividido la Tierra para poder conocer el cambio de las horas .6 Generación que marca la proximidad en el parentesco entre las personas :son parientes en segundo grado .7 En ciertas escuelas, sección en que los alumnos se agrupan, según su edad y el estado de sus conocimientos .8 Título que se otorga al estudiante que ha superado determinados niveles de estudios, especialmente el que se da al completar los estudios universitarios en una facultad o escuela superior :grado de licenciado; grado de doctor .9 der Tramitación por la que puede pasar sucesivamente un pleito .10 der Parte en que se divide la duración de una pena :se les aplicará la pena inferior en grado; cuando el hecho revistiere suma gravedad o relevante trascendencia, se aplicará la pena superior en grado .11 gram Forma con la que se indica la intensidad del contenido que expresa un adjetivo o un adverbio :el adjetivo tiene tres grados: positivo, comparativo y superlativo; ‘bueno ’ está en grado positivo, frente a ‘buenísimo ’, que está en grado superlativo .12 mat En un polinomio o en una ecuación, exponente del término en que la variable tiene el exponente mayor :el polinomio 4y 5 - 2y 3 + x 2 es de grado 5 .13 mús Posición que ocupa una nota dentro de una escala :en la tonalidad occidental los grados de la escala se numeran normalmente con números romanos .grado centesimal mat Unidad de medida de los ángulos que es igual a la centésima parte de un ángulo recto .grado sexagesimal mat Unidad de medida de los ángulos que corresponde a la noventava parte de un ángulo recto . VÉASE legua de veinte al grado; quemadura de primer grado . ETIMOLOGÍA Voz patrimonial del latín gradus ‘paso, marcha ’, ‘peldaño ’, ‘graduación ’, derivado de gradi ‘andar ’.

 

grado

grado 2 nombre masculino Voluntad o disposición para hacer una cosa :de mal grado; de grado; se aviene de buen grado a la nueva situación .ETIMOLOGÍA Voz patrimonial del latín gratum ‘agradecimiento ’, derivado de gratus ‘agradable ’, ‘agradecido ’. A la misma familia etimológica pertenecen congratular , desgracia , gracia , gratificar , gratis , gratitud , gratuito e ingrato .

 

graduable

graduable adjetivo Que puede graduarse .

 

graduación

graduación nombre femenino 1 Dotación o control de grado, calidad o intensidad determinada de una cosa :el mando a distancia permite controlar en su televisor la graduación del volumen, el brillo, el contraste, etc .2 División, ordenación o disposición de una cosa según diferentes grados o niveles, de modo que crezca o decrezca gradualmente :el nuevo texto legal presenta una tipificación de los supuestos de incapacitación más adecuada a las necesidades actuales, tanto por su amplitud como por sus posibilidades de graduación .3 Medición o determinación de la intensidad, la calidad o el valor de algo en grados :graduación de la vista .4 Marcación de los diferentes grados o divisiones que en un objeto o aparato sirven para medir algo :si no dispones de una jarra graduada deberás realizar la graduación antes de iniciar el experimento .5 Obtención de un grado militar o un título de enseñanza, especialmente un título universitario :el rector entregó los diplomas a los nuevos licenciados en la ceremonia de graduación .6 Grado o categoría militar :un coronel tiene una graduación mucho más alta que un sargento .7 Cantidad proporcional de alcohol de una bebida alcohólica :una cerveza de baja graduación; tiene una producción de vinos blancos, rosados y tintos con graduaciones medias de 12 a 12,5 .

 

graduado, -da

graduado, -da adjetivo 1 Que está dividido en grados :semicírculo graduado; escala graduada .2 adjetivo /nombre masculino y femenino [persona ] Que ha alcanzado algún grado de estudios, especialmente universitarios :graduados en fisioterapia; es un graduado universitario .3 nombre masculino Grado o título académico que se consigue al completar algún ciclo de estudios, especialmente universitarios :para ingresar en el cuerpo se exige el título de graduado en Artes Plásticas .graduado escolar Título oficial que se obtenía en España al completar los estudios primarios :no han alcanzado el graduado escolar ni los conocimientos mínimos que les permiten afrontar con seguridad las exigencias de la vida diaria .

 

gradual

gradual adjetivo 1 Que va, sucede o se desarrolla de forma sucesiva y continua, por grados :escalas graduales; cambio social gradual; una gradual aclimatación al nuevo medio; impuso su voluntad de manera gradual; proceda a realizar reducciones graduales en las ayudas otorgadas .2 nombre masculino relig Canto que en un ritual antiguo de la misa católica sigue a la lectura de la epístola .

 

gradualidad

gradualidad nombre femenino Cualidad de gradual :la gradualidad de un proceso de reforma .

 

graduando, -da

graduando, -da nombre masculino y femenino Persona que está próxima a graduarse en la universidad .

 

graduar

graduar verbo transitivo 1 Dar a una cosa un grado, una calidad o una intensidad determinada :graduar la temperatura del agua .2 Dividir, ordenar o disponer una cosa según diferentes grados o niveles, de modo que crezca o decrezca gradualmente :estos ejercicios se han graduado según su dificultad; gradúan la dificultad de la colaboración ciudadana .3 Medir o determinar la intensidad, la calidad o el valor de algo en grados :gradúan las oscilaciones mediante un contrapeso móvil y una tabla numérica colocada en la parte posterior .4 Marcar en un objeto o aparato los diferentes grados o divisiones que sirven para medir algo :graduar un termómetro; gradúa la línea vertical empezando en el cero y en intervalos de dos en dos .5 Conceder a una persona un título universitario o un grado militar :le han graduado en la academia militar .6 graduarse verbo pronominal Obtener una persona un grado militar o un título de enseñanza, especialmente un título universitario :graduarse en arquitectura; se graduará de médico; graduarse de alférez; cuando me gradué, recibí un diploma de honor . Conjugación [11 ] como actuar .

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

grad

grad /ɡræd /名詞 C ｟くだけて ｠(大学などの )卒業生 (graduate ).～́ sch ò ol ＝graduate school .～́ st ù dent ＝graduate student .

 

gradation

gra da tion /ɡrədéɪʃ (ə )n, ɡreɪ -/名詞 C ｟かたく ｠〖通例 ～s 〗1 (色彩 明暗などの段階的な )変化, 推移, ぼかし .2 (変化の )段階, 等級 .3 〖～(s ) of …〗微妙な ….

 

grade

grade /ɡreɪd /(形 )gradual, (副 )gradually, (名 )graduation 名詞 複 ～s /-dz /C 1 a. (生産物 材料などの )等級 , 品質の程度; (進歩 発育 症状などの )段階, 程度, 過程 ▸ premium- [regular- ]grade fuel プレミアム [レギュラー ]ガソリン ▸ a top grade hotel 最高級ホテル ▸ fine grade sandpaper 細目のサンドペーパー ▸ a low- grade fever 軽度の発熱 .b. (社会 組織における人の )階級, 階層 ;｟ 米 ｠ (軍の )階級 ▸ She's still only on a secretarial grade .彼女はまだ秘書の段階だ ▸ all social grades ≒all grades of society すべての社会階層 .c. 〖集合的に 〗同一等級 [階級 ]の物 [人 ].2 ｟主に米 ｠(授業の )成績 , 評価 , 評点 (｟英 ｠mark )▸ She got good grades on ｟米 ｠ [in ｟英 ｠] her exams .彼女は試験でよい成績を収めた [点を取った ] (!～sは複数回または複数科目であることを示す; ｟コーパス ｠ ｟米 ｠で具体的な得点を表すとき, gradeよりもscoreをよく用いる ) ▸ 70 \% of pupils got Grade C or above .7割の生徒がC以上をとった ▸ a failing grade 落第点 事情 米国での成績評価 ｟米 ｠では普通以下の5段階で成績評価を表す ▸ A ＝Excellent 秀 ▸ B ＝Good 優 ▸ C ＝Fair 良 ▸ D ＝Minimum Passing 可 ▸ F ＝Failure 不可 .3 ｟米 ｠〖通例the /one's ＋序数詞 ～〗(小 中 高等学校の )学年 , 年級 (｟英 ｠form ); 〖集合的に 〗同学年の全生徒 ▸ Sam is in (the ) second grade .サムは2年生だ (!この用法ではしばしば無冠詞 ) ▸ a seventh- grade student [teacher ]7年生 [7年生担当教師 ].事情 ｟米 ｠では普通, 6--3 --3制または8 --4制で, 6歳で小学校に入学する. 6--3 --3制の場合, the seventh grade は日本の中学1年に, the tenth grade は高校1年に当たる .4 ｟主に米 ｠(道路 鉄道などの )傾斜度 , 勾配 （こうばい ）(｟英 ｠gradient )▸ by easy grades 緩勾配をたどって .5 ｟英 ｠(音楽技能試験の )等級 , …級 ▸ grade 6 piano ピアノの検定6級 6 ｟米 ｠〖the ～s 〗小学校 (grade school ; elementary school; ｟英 ｠primary school ).7 〘畜産 〙改良雑種 .at gr á de ｟米 ｠同一水平面で, 同じ高さ [傾斜 ]で .Gr à de Á 〖形容詞的に 〗1級品の, 最高級の .m à ke the gr á de ｟くだけて ｠(必要な )基準に達する ; (困難を乗り越えて )成功する .on the d ó wn [ú p ] gr à de 下り [上り ]坂で, 下り [上り ]ぎみで, 低下 [向上 ]して .ù p to gr á de 標準に達して, かなり上等の ; 〈品質などが 〉基準に合格して .動詞 ～s /-dz /; ～d /-ɪd /; grading 他動詞 1 【能力 性質 大きさなどに従って 】…に等級を付ける , …を類別する, 格付けする «by , according to » (!しばしば受け身で ) ▸ The containers are graded according to size .容器は大きさで分けられている ▸ Eggs are graded from small to extra large .卵は小から特大までに選別される ▸ Ten beaches were graded as acceptable .10か所の海岸がまずまずであると判定された 2 ｟主に米 ｠〈生徒 学習結果 〉に成績を付ける, …を採点する ;〖～ A C 〗A 〈生徒 学習結果 〉にC 〈成績 〉を付ける (!Cは 名詞 形容詞 ) (→mark 1 他動詞 6 )▸ The best students are graded A .最も優秀な学生はAの評価を受ける 3 〈色など 〉をぼかす .4 〈道路など 〉の勾配をゆるくする ; …を平らにならす .5 (品種改良のため )…を純血種と交配する (up ).自動詞 1 (…の )等級 [品質 ]である ▸ That beef grades prime .あの牛肉の等級は極上である .2 〈色などが 〉 «…に » 段階的に変化する «into , to » .gr à de ú p 等級が上位である [上がる ].gr à de A ú p [ú p A ]Aを格上げする ; 品種改良する .gr à de ú p with A Aと肩を並べる, Aに匹敵する .～́ cr ò ssing ｟米 ｠(道路 鉄道の )平面交差, 踏み切り (｟英 ｠level crossing ).～́ point à verage ｟米 ｠学業平均値 (｟略 ｠GPA ).～́ separ à tion ｟米 ｠(道路の )立体交差 .～́ t è acher ｟米 ｠小学校の教師 .

 

graded

grad ed /ɡréɪdɪd /形容詞 1 〈学習用教材 読み物などが 〉レベル別の ; 〈薬の投与量が 〉段階的な .2 平らにならされた ; 傾斜をゆるくした .

 

grader

grad er /ɡréɪdə r /名詞 C 1 ｟米 ｠〖序数詞の後で 〗…(学 )年生 (｟英 ｠former )▸ an eighth grader 8年生 .2 等級を付ける人 ; ｟米 ｠採点者 .3 地ならし機 .

 

gradient

gra di ent /ɡréɪdiənt /名詞 C 1 ｟しばしば英 ｠(道路 線路などの )傾斜 (の角度 ), 坂 (｟米 ｠slope ).2 〘理 〙(気温 気圧などの観測数値の )傾き, 変化 (の割合 ), 差異 .

 

gradual

grad u al /ɡrǽdʒu (ə )l, -dju- / (! ｟英 ｠で /-dʒu -/は若者に多い ) 〖grade (段階 )al (の )〗形容詞 more ～; most ～1 〈物事の起こり方などが 〉段々の, 徐々の, 漸次 [漸進 ]的な ▸ a gradual increase in temperature 気温が徐々に上昇すること 2 〈坂 傾きなどが 〉ゆるやかな (↔steep ).名詞 C 〖通例G -〗〘教会 〙(ミサなどで歌う )昇階唱 ; ミサ聖歌集 .～ness 名詞

 

gradually

grad u al ly /ɡrǽdʒu (ə )li /→gradual 副詞 more ～; most ～だんだんと , 徐々に, じわじわと 〈増減する 変化する 気付くなど 〉 (!過程 変化が長期にわたって小刻みにゆっくり起こることをさす ) ▸ gradually increasing chest pain 次第に強くなる胸の痛み ▸ The system has gradually changed over the years .長年かけてシステムは徐々に変化してきた .

 

graduate

grad u ate /ɡrǽdʒuèɪt /〖grade (学位 )ate (を取る )〗(名 )graduation 動詞 ～s /-ts /; ～d /-ɪd /; -ating 自動詞 1 【大学などを 】卒業する «from » ; «…の分野で » 学士号を取る «in » (!｟英 ｠では大学に限定されそれ以外ではleave schoolなどとする; ｟米 ｠では高校以下の学校および各種学校にも用いる ) ▸ He graduated from [at ] Harvard in 1999 with a degree in law .彼は1999年にハーバードを卒業し法学の学位を得た (!｟コーパス ｠ ｟主に英 ｠ではatを用いることもあるが, ごく ｟まれ ｠) ▸ graduate with highest honors 最優秀の成績で卒業する .2 (次第に 段階的に ) «…から /…へ » 進む, 進歩する ; 移る ; 昇進する «from /to » ▸ graduate from idle speculation to working prototypes 空論の域を脱し, 実用的な試作品にまでなる .他動詞 1 ｟主に米 ｠a. …に学位を与える; 〈大学が 〉〈学生 〉を卒業させる ;｟米話 ｠〖通例be ～d 〗 «…を » 卒業する «from » ▸ graduate nearly 2,000 students each year 毎年2,000人近くの卒業生を送り出す ▸ He was graduated from Ohio State .彼はオハイオ州立大学を卒業した (!He graduated from …の方が普通 ) b. ｟非標準 ｠…を卒業する ▸ graduate high school 高校を卒業する .2 (量 大きさなどで )…を段階に分ける ; …に等級を付ける; 〈税 〉を累進制にする .3 〈容器など 〉に目盛りを付ける .名詞 /ɡrǽdʒuət /複 ～s /-ts /C 1 (大学の )卒業生 ; 学士 (!｟米 ｠では大学以外にも用いる; ｟略 ｠grad ) ▸ a graduate of [from ] Columbia University ≒a Columbia graduate コロンビア大学の卒業生 ▸ a graduate in law ≒a law graduate 法学部 [科 ]の卒業生 2 ｟米 ｠大学院生 (graduate student ).3 目盛り付き測定容器 〘メスシリンダーなど 〙.形容詞 /ɡrǽdʒuət /｟米 ｠〖名詞 の前で 〗大学院の, 学士号を持った (｟英 ｠post-graduate )▸ law and medicine, the most popular graduate programs 最も人気のある大学院の課程である法学部と医学部 ▸ get one's graduate degree from Boston University ボストン大学で学士号を取る ～́ c ò urse 大学院課程 .～́ n ù rse ｟米 ｠(養成学校を卒業した )有資格看護師 .～́ sch ò ol ｟米 ｠大学院 .

 

graduated

gr á d u à t ed /-ɪd /形容詞 〖名詞 の前で 〗段階的に増加する, 累進的な ; 段階をつけた ; 目盛り付きの 〈容器など 〉.～̀ p é nsion ｟英 ｠累進年金 .

 

graduation

grad u a tion /ɡræ̀dʒuéɪʃ (ə )n /→graduate 名詞 複 ～s /-z /1 U «…からの » 卒業 «from » (!｟英 ｠では大学卒業を, ｟米 ｠では大学以外にも用いる ) ▸ Congratulations on your graduation .卒業おめでとう 2 U C 卒業 (証書授与 )式 ;｟ 英 ｠学位授与式 (graduation ceremony ) (!Cambridge, Dublin両大学, および ｟米 ｠の大学では通例commencementを用いる ) ▸ at (one's ) graduation 卒業式に ▸ on graduation day 卒業式の日に .3 C (測定器具などの )目盛り, 等級 ;U 目盛り [等級 ]付け (gradation ).4 U 〘化 〙(液体の蒸発による )濃厚 [濃縮 ]化 .関連 コーパス 卒業関連表現 ▸ a ～ cap and gown 卒業式用の角帽とガウン ▸ ～ certificates (各種学校などの )卒業資格 ▸ a ～ party 卒業パーティ 〘｟米 ｠では高校の卒業式の夜にダンスパーティを開き, 男女が正装してカップルで参加する; →prom 〙▸ a ～ picture [portrait ]卒業写真 ▸ ～ rates 卒業率 ▸ ～ requirements 卒業要件 [必須単位数 ]