English-Thai Dictionary
Down the hatch!
IDM คำ เปล่ง ออกมา เวลา เมา kam-pleng-ook-ma-we-la-mao
down
ADJ หน้าเศร้า (คำ ไม่เป็นทางการ ไ่ม่ เบิกบาน ซึมเศร้า nar-sao
down
ADV น้อยลง ลดลง noi-long
down
ADV ลง ข้างล่าง ข้างล่าง ด้านล่าง ต่ำ ลง downward below lower upward long-kang-lang
down
ADV ไป ทางใต้ ลง ใต้ pai-tang-tai
down
N การ ลด ต่ำ ลง kan-lod-tam-long
down
N ขนอ่อน ขน ละเอียด kon-on
down
N ทุ่งหญ้า บน เนิน tung-ya-bon-noen
down
PREP ลง ไป ตาม ไป ตาม ทาง long-pai-tam
down
VT ดื่ม รวดเดียว รีบ ดื่ม devour gorge bolt nibble snack on duem-ruad-diao
down
VT ทำให้ ตกลงมา drop knock tam-hai-tok-long-ma
down South
IDM ไป ทางใต้ ของ อังกฤษ pai-tang-tai-kong-ang-krid
down and out
IDM ไม่ มีเงิน ไม่ได้ รับ การ ช่วยเหลือ ไม่ รับ การ สงเคราะห์ mai-mee-ngen
down at heel
IDM แต่งตัว แย่มาก แต่งตัว ปอนๆ taeng-tua-yae-mak
down on one's luck
IDM โชคร้าย โชคไม่ดี ไม่ มีเงิน หมดตัว chok-lai
down the drain
IDM สูญเปล่า (คำ สแลง สูญสิ้น sun-plo
down the tube
IDM พังทลาย (คำ สแลง สูญสลาย pang-ta-lai
down to earth
IDM เป็นจริง ทาง ปฏิบัติ ตาม ความจริง ไม่ เพ้อฝัน pen-jing
down trip
SL ประสบการณ์ เลวร้าย ประสบการณ์ ไม่ดี pra-sob-kan-leo-rai
down under
SL ประเทศ ออสเตรเลีย ดินแดน ในประเทศ ออสเตรเลีย pra-thed-os-tre-lia
down with a disease
IDM ป่วย ไม่สบาย puai
down-and-out
IDM คนยากจน kon-yak-jon
down-to-earth
IDM เป็นจริง ทาง ปฏิบัติ ตาม ความจริง ไม่ เพ้อฝัน pen-jing
downbeat
SL ง่ายๆ สบายๆ ngi-ngi-sa-bai-sa-bai
downbow
N การ ตี ลง
downcast
ADJ ก้ม ต่ำ มอง ต่ำ ลง ด้านล่าง kom-tam
downcast
ADJ หดหู่ใจ โศกเศร้า ซึมเศร้า discouraged unhappy sad desolate hopeful cheerful hod-hu-jai
downcome
N การ ตกลง ต่ำ downcome
downer
N ยากด ประสาท
downfall
N ความหายนะ ความตกต่ำ ความ ล่มสลาย ruin destruction improvement kwam-hai-ya-na
downfallen
A ที่ ตกต่ำ มาก กระ ทัน หัน
downgrade
N ความตกต่ำ kwam-tok-tam
downgrade
VT ลด ความสำคัญ demote upgrade lod-kwam-sam-kan
downhaul
N เชือก ดึง ใบ เรือ
downhearted
ADJ ท้อแท้ หมดหวัง สิ้นหวัง depressed forlorn hopeful cheerful tor-tea
downhill
ADJ ลง เขา long-kao
downhill
ADV ลง เขา uphill long-kao
downhill
N การ แข่ง สกี ภูเขา kan-kaeng-sa-ki-pu-kao
downpour
N ฝน ห่า ใหญ่ ฝน ตกหนัก มาก พายุฝน rain shower rainstorm fon-ha-yai
downright
ADJ ี โดยสิ้นเชิง อย่างชัดแจ้ง เห็นได้ชัด clear distinct vivid visible obvious indistinct invisible unclear doi-sin-chang
downright
ADV โดยสิ้นเชิง อย่าง สิ้นเชิง อย่าง แน่แท้ outright positively doi-sin-chang
downssyndrome
N โรค ปัญญาอ่อน ที่ โครโมโซม ผิดปกติ
downstage
N หน้า เวที
downstairs
ADJ ลง ข้างล่าง ชั้นล่าง underneath long-kang-lang
downstairs
ADV ข้างล่าง ด้านล่าง ชั้นล่าง kang-lang
downstairs
ADV ลง ข้างล่าง ชั้นล่าง long-kang-lang
downstairs
N ชั้นล่าง first floor ground floor chan-lang
downstream
ADJ ตาม กระแสน้ำ tam-kra-sae-nam
downstream
ADV ตาม กระแสน้ำ tam-kra-sae-nam
downthrow
N การขว้าง ลง
downtown
ADJ ตัวเมือง ใจ กลางเมือง ใน เมือง tua-muang
downtown
ADV ตัวเมือง ใจ กลางเมือง ใน เมือง uptown tua-muang
downtown
N ตัวเมือง ใจ กลางเมือง ย่าน ดาวน์ทาวน์ uptown tua-muang
downtrodden
A ที่ ถูก บังคับ กดขี่
downward
ADJ ลด ต่ำ ลง ลง ต่ำ descendent going down ascending rising lod-tam-long
downward
ADV ลด ต่ำ ลง ลง ต่ำ below to the floor upward lod-tam-long
downwards
ADV ลง ข้างล่าง ลง ต่ำ long-kang-lang
downwind
ADV ตาม ทาง ลม
downy
ADJ ที่ ปกคลุม ด้วยข นที่ อ่อนนุ่ม ที่ เต็มไปด้วยข นที่ อ่อนนุ่ม ti-pok-klum-duai-kon-ti-on-num
Webster's 1828 Dictionary
DOWN
n. 1. The fine soft feathers of fowls, particularly of the duck kind. The eider duck yields the best kind. Also, fine hair; as the down of the chin.
2. The pubescence of plants, a fine hairy substance.
3. The pappus or little crown of certain seeds of plants; a fine feathery or hairy substance by which seeds are conveyed to distance by the wind; as in dandelion and thistle.
4. Any thing that soothes or mollifies.
Thou bosom softness; down of all my cares.
DOWN
n.[G.] 1. A bank or elevation of sand, thrown up by the sea.
2. A large open plain, primarily on elevated land. Sheep feeding on the downs.
DOWN
prep. 1. Along a descent; from a higher to a lower place; as, to run down a hill; to fall down a precipice; to go down the stairs.
2. Toward the mouth of a river, or toward the place where water is discharged into the ocean or a lake. We sail or swim down a stream; we sail down the sound from New York to New London. Hence figuratively, we pass down the current of life or of time.
Down the sound, in the direction of the ebb-tide towards of the sea.
Down the country, towards the sea, or towards the part where rivers discharge their waters into the ocean.
DOWN
adv. 1. In a descending direction; tending from a higher to a lower place; as, he is going down.
2. On the ground, or at the bottom; as, he is down; hold him down.
3. Below the horizon; as, the sun is down.
4. In the direction from a higher to a lower condition; as, his reputation is going down.
5. Into disrepute or disgrace. A man may sometimes preach down error; he may write down himself or his character, or run down his rival; but he can neither preach nor write down folly, vice or fashion.
6. Into subjection; into a due consistence; as, to boil down, in decoctions and culinary processes.
7. At length; extended or prostrate, on the ground or on any flat surface; as, to lie down; he is lying down.
Up and down, here and there; in a rambling course.
It is sometimes used without a verb, as down, down; in which cases, the sense is known by the construction.
Down with a building, is a command to pull it down, to demolish it.
Down with him, signifies, throw him.
Down, down, may signify, come down, or go down, or take down, lower.
It is often used by seamen, down with the fore sail, etc.
Locke uses it for go down, or be received; as, any kind of food will down; but the use is not elegant, nor legitimate.
Sidney uses it as a verb, To down proud hearts, to subdue or conquer them; but the use is not legitimate.
DOWN-BED
n.A bed of down.
DOWNCAST
a.Cast downward; directed to the ground; as a downcast eye or look, indicating bashfulness, modesty or dejection of mind.
DOWNCAST
n.Sadness; melancholy look.
DOWNED
a.Covered or stuffed with down.
DOWNFALL
n. 1. A falling, or body of things falling; as the downfall of a flood.
2. Ruin; destruction; a sudden fall; or ruin by violence, in distinction from slow decay or declension; as the downfall of the Roman empire, occasioned by the conquests of the Northern nations; the downfall of a city.
3. The sudden fall, depression or ruin of reputation or estate. We speak of the downfall of pride or glory, and of distinguished characters.
DOWNFALLEN
a.Fallen; ruined.
DOWNGYVED
a.Hanging down like the loose cincture of fetters.
DOWN-HAUL
n.In seamens language, a rope passing along a stay, through the cringles of the stay-sail or jib, and made fast to the upper corner of the sail, to haul it down.
DOWNHEARTED
a.Dejected in spirits.
DOWNHILL
n.Declivity; descent; slope. And though tis downhill all.
DOWNHILL
a.Declivous; descending; sloping. A downhill greensward.
DOWNLOOKED
a.Having a downcast countenance; dejected; gloomy; sullen; as jealousy downlooked.
DOWNLYING
n.The time of retiring to rest; time of repose.
DOWNLYING
a.About to be in travel of childbirth.
DOWNRIGHT
adv. 1. Right down; straight down; perpendicularly.
A giant cleft downright.
2. In plain terms; without ceremony or circumlocution.
We shall chide downright.
3. Completely; without stopping short; as, she fell downright into a fit.
DOWNRIGHT
a. 1. Directly to the point; plain; open; artless; undisguised; as downright madness; downright nonsense; downright wisdom; downright falsehood; downright atheism.
2. Plain; artless; unceremonious; blunt; as, he spoke in his downright way.
DOWNRIGHTLY
adv. Plainly; in plain terms; bluntly.
DOWN-SITTING
n.The act of sitting down; repose; a resting. Thou knowest my down-sitting and my uprising. Psalm 139:2.
DOWNTROD, DOWNTRODDEN
a.Trodden down; trampled down.
DOWNWARD, DOWNWARDS
adv. [See Ward. ] 1. From a higher place to a lower; in a descending course, whether directly toward the center of the earth, or not; as, to tend downward; to move or roll downwards; to look downward; to take root downwards.
2. In a course or direction from a head, spring, origin or source. Water flows downward toward the sea; we sailed downward on the stream.
3. In a course of lineal descent from an ancestor, considered as a head; as, to trace successive generations downward from Adam or Abraham.
4. In the course of falling or descending from elevation or distinction.
DOWNWARD
a. 1. Moving or extending from a higher to a lower place, as on a slope or declivity, or in the open air; tending towards the earth or its center; as a downward course; he took his way with downward force.
2. Declivous; bending; as the downward heaven.
3. Descending from a head, origin or source.
4. Tending to a lower condition or state; depressed; dejected; as downward thoughts.
DOWNWEED
n.Cottonweed, a downy plant.
DOWNY
a.[See Down. ] 1. Covered with down or nap; as a downy feather; downy wings.
2. Covered with pubescence or soft hairs, as a plant.
3. Made of down or soft feathers; as a downy pillow.
4. Soft, calm, soothing; as downy sleep.
5. Resembling down.
Webster's 1913 Dictionary
DOWN
Down, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. dune, dun, Icel. d, Sw. dun, Dan. duun,G. daune, cf. D. dons; perh. akin to E. dust. ]
1. Fine, soft, hairy outgrowth from the skin or surface of animals or plants, not matted and fleecy like wool; esp. : (a ) (Zoöl.) The soft under feathers of birds. They have short stems with soft rachis and bards and long threadlike barbules, without hooklets. (b ) (Bot. ) The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, as of the thistle. (c ) The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear. And the first down begins to shade his face. Dryden.
2. That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords ease and repose, like a bed of down When in the down I sink my head, Sleep, Death's twin brother, times my breath. Tennyson. Thou bosom softness, down of all my cares! Southern.
Down tree (Bot. ), a tree of Central America (Ochroma Lagopus ), the seeds of which are enveloped in vegetable wool.
DOWN
DOWN Down, v. t.
Defn: To cover, ornament, line, or stuff with down. [R.] Young.
DOWN
Down, n. Etym: [OE. dun, doun, AS. d; of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. d hill, fortified hill, Gael. dun heap, hillock, hill, W. din a fortified hill or mount; akin to E. town. See Town, and cf. Down, adv. & prep. , Dune. ]
1. A bank or rounded hillock of sand thrown up by the wind along or near the shore; a flattish-topped hill; -- usually in the plural. Hills afford prospects, as they must needs acknowledge who have been on the downs of Sussex. Ray. She went by dale, and she went by down. Tennyson.
2. A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea, covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep; -- usually in the plural. [Eng. ] Seven thousand broad-tailed sheep grazed on his downs. Sandys.
3. pl.
Defn: A road for shipping in the English Channel or Straits of Dover, near Deal, employed as a naval rendezvous in time of war. On the 11th [June, 1771 ] we run up the channel. .. at noon we were abreast of Dover, and about three came to an anchor in the Downs, and went ashore at Deal. Cook (First Voyage ).
4. pl. Etym: [From the adverb. ]
Defn: A state of depression; low state; abasement. [Colloq. ] It the downs of life too much outnumber the ups. M. Arnold.
DOWN
Down, adv. Etym: [For older adown, AS. ad, ad, prop. , from or off the hill. See 3d Down, and cf. Adown, and cf. Adown. ]
1. In the direction of gravity or toward the center of the earth; toward or in a lower place or position; below; -- the opposite of up.
2. Hence, in many derived uses, as: (a ) From a higher to a lower position, literally or figuratively; in a descending direction; from the top of an ascent; from an upright position; to the ground or floor; to or into a lower or an inferior condition; as, into a state of humility, disgrace, misery, and the like; into a state of rest; -- used with verbs indicating motion. It will be rain to-night. Let it come down. Shak. I sit me down beside the hazel grove. Tennyson. And that drags down his life. Tennyson. There is not a more melancholy object in the learned world than a man who has written himself down. Addison. The French. .. shone down [i. e., outshone ] the English. Shak.
(b ) In a low or the lowest position, literally or figuratively; at the bottom of a decent; below the horizon; of the ground; in a condition of humility, dejection, misery, and the like; in a state of quiet. I was down and out of breath. Shak. The moon is down; I have not heard the clock. Shak. He that is down needs fear no fall. Bunyan.
3. From a remoter or higher antiquity. Venerable men! you have come down to us from a former generation. D. Webster.
4. From a greater to a less bulk, or from a thinner to a thicker consistence; as, to boil down in cookery, or in making decoctions. Arbuthnot.
Note: Down is sometimes used elliptically, standing for go down, come down, tear down, take down, put down, haul down, pay down, and the like, especially in command or exclamation. Down, therefore, and beg mercy of the duke. Shak. If he be hungry more than wanton, bread alone will down. Locke. Down is also used intensively; as, to be loaded down; to fall down; to hang down; to drop down; to pay down. The temple of Herè at Argos was burnt down. Jowett (Thucyd. ).Down, as well as up, is sometimes used in a conventional sense; as, down East. Persons in London say down to Scotland, etc. , and those in the provinces, up to London. Stormonth.Down helm (Naut. ), an order to the helmsman to put the helm to leeward. -- Down on or upon (joined with a verb indicating motion, as go, come, pounce ), to attack, implying the idea of threatening power. Come down upon us with a mighty power. Shak. -- Down with, take down, throw down, put down; -- used in energetic command. "Down with the palace; fire it. " Dryden. -- To be down on, to dislike and treat harshly. [Slang, U.S.] -- To cry down. See under Cry, v. t. -- To cut down. See under Cut, v. t. -- Up and down, with rising and falling motion; to and fro; hither and thither; everywhere. "Let them wander up and down. " Ps. lix. 15.
DOWN
Down, prep. Etym: [From Down, adv. ]
1. In a descending direction along; from a higher to a lower place upon or within; at a lower place in or on; as, down a hill; down a well.
2. Hence: Towards the mouth of a river; towards the sea; as, to sail or swim down a stream; to sail down the sound. Down the country, toward the sea, or toward the part where rivers discharge their waters into the ocean. -- Down the sound, in the direction of the ebbing tide; toward the sea.
DOWN
Down, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Downed; p. pr. & vb. n. Downing.]
Defn: To cause to go down; to make descend; to put down; to overthrow, as in wrestling; hence, to subdue; to bring down. [Archaic or Colloq. ] "To down proud hearts." Sir P. Sidney. I remember how you downed Beauclerk and Hamilton, the wits, once at our house. Madame D'Arblay.
DOWN
DOWN Down, v. i.
Defn: To go down; to descend. Locke.
DOWN
DOWN Down, a.
1. Downcast; as, a down look. [R.]
2. Downright; absolute; positive; as, a down denial. [Obs. ] Beau. & Fl.
3. Downward; going down; sloping; as, a down stroke; a down grade; a down train on a railway. Down draught, a downward draft, as in a flue, chimney, shaft of a mine, etc. -- Down in the mouth, chopfallen; dejected.
DOWNBEAR
DOWNBEAR Down "bear `, v. t.
Defn: To bear down; to depress.
DOWNCAST
DOWNCAST Down "cast `, a.
Defn: Cast downward; directed to the ground, from bashfulness, modesty, dejection, or guilt. 'T is love, said she; and then my downcast eyes, And guilty dumbness, witnessed my surprise. Dryden. - Down "cast `ly, adv. -- Down "cast `ness, n.
DOWNCAST
DOWNCAST Down "cast `, n.
1. Downcast or melancholy look. That downcast of thine eye. Beau. & Fl.
2. (mining )
Defn: A ventilating shaft down which the air passes in circulating through a mine.
DOWNCOME
DOWNCOME Down "come `, n.
1. Sudden fall; downfall; overthrow. Milton.
2. (Iron Manuf.)
Defn: A pipe for leading combustible gases downward from the top of the blast furnace to the hot-blast stoves, boilers, etc. , where they are burned.
DOWNCOMER
Down "com `er, n. A pipe to conduct something downwards; specif. : (a ) (Iron Manuf.) A pipe for leading the hot gases from the top of a blast furnace downward to the regenerators, boilers, etc. (b ) (Steam Engin. ) In some water-tube boilers, a tube larger in diameter than the water tubes to conduct the water from each top drum to a bottom drum, thus completing the circulation.
DOWNFALL
DOWNFALL Down "fall `, n.
1. A sudden fall; a body of things falling. Those cataracts or downfalls aforesaid. Holland. Each downfall of a flood the mountains pour. Dryden.
2. A sudden descent from rank or state, reputation or happiness; destruction; ruin. Dire were the consequences which would follow the downfall of so important a place. Motley.
DOWNFALLEN
DOWNFALLEN Down "fall `en, a.
Defn: Fallen; ruined. Carew.
DOWNFALLING
DOWNFALLING Down "fall `ing, a.
Defn: Falling down.
DOWNGYVED
DOWNGYVED Down "gyved `, a.
Defn: Hanging down like gyves or fetters. [Poetic & Rare ] Shak.
DOWNHAUL
DOWNHAUL Down "haul `, n. (Naut. )
Defn: A rope to haul down, or to assist in hauling down, a sail; as, a staysail downhaul; a trysail downhaul.
DOWNHEARTED
DOWNHEARTED Down "heart `ed, a.
Defn: Dejected; low-spirited.
DOWNHILL
DOWNHILL Down "hill `, adv.
Defn: Towards the bottom of a hill; as, water runs downhill.
DOWNHILL
DOWNHILL Down "hill `, a.
Defn: Declivous; descending; sloping. "A downhill greensward. " Congrewe.
DOWNHILL
DOWNHILL Down "hill `, n.
Defn: Declivity; descent; slope. On th' icy downhills of this slippery life. Du Bartas (Trans. ).
DOWNINESS
DOWNINESS Down "i *ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being downy.
DOWNLOOKED
DOWNLOOKED Down "looked `, a.
Defn: Having a downcast countenance; dejected; gloomy; sullen. [R.] Dryden.
DOWNLYING
DOWNLYING Down "ly `ing, n.
Defn: The time of retiring to rest; time of repose. Cavendish. At the downlying, at the travail in childbirth. [Scot. ]
DOWNPOUR
DOWNPOUR Down "pour `, n.
Defn: A pouring or streaming downwards; esp. , a heavy or continuous shower.
DOWNRIGHT
DOWNRIGHT Down "right `, adv.
1. Straight down; perpendicularly.
2. In plain terms; without ceremony. We shall chide downright, id I longer stay. Shak.
3. Without delay; at once; completely. [Obs. ] She fell downright into a fit. Arbuthnot.
DOWNRIGHT
DOWNRIGHT Down "right `, a.
1. Plain; direct; unceremonious; blunt; positive; as, he spoke in his downright way. A man of plain, downright character. Sir W. Scott.
2. Open; artless; undisguised; absolute; unmixed; as, downright atheism. The downright impossibilities charged upon it. South. Gloomy fancies which in her amounted to downright insanity. Prescott. -- Down "right `ly, adv. -- Down "right `ness, n.
DOWN-SHARE
DOWN-SHARE Down "-share `, n.
Defn: A breastplow used in paring off turf on downs. [Eng. ] Knight.
DOWNSITTING
DOWNSITTING Down "sit `ting, n.
Defn: The act of sitting down; repose; a resting. Thou knowest my downsitting and my uprising. Ps. cxxxix. 2.
DOWNSTAIRS
DOWNSTAIRS Down "stairs, adv.
Defn: Down the stairs; to a lower floor. -- a.
Defn: Below stairs; as, a downstairs room.
DOWNSTEEPY
DOWNSTEEPY Down "steep `y, a.
Defn: Very steep. [Obs. ] Florio.
DOWNSTREAM
DOWNSTREAM Down "stream `, adv.
Defn: Down the stream; as, floating downstream.
DOWNSTROKE
DOWNSTROKE Down "stroke `, n. (Penmanship )
Defn: A stroke made with a downward motion of the pen or pencil.
DOWNTHROW
DOWNTHROW Down "throw `, n. (Geol.)
Defn: The sudden drop or depression of the strata of rocks on one side of a fault. See Throw, n.
DOWNTROD; DOWNTRODDEN
DOWNTROD; DOWNTRODDEN Down "trod `, Down "trod `den, a.
Defn: Trodden down; trampled down; abused by superior power. Shak.
DOWNWARD; DOWNWARDS
Down "ward, Down "wards, adv. Etym: [AS. ad. See Down, adv. , and -ward. ]
1. From a higher place to a lower; in a descending course; as, to tend, move, roll, look, or take root, downward or downwards. "Looking downwards. " Pope. Their heads they downward bent. Drayton.
2. From a higher to a lower condition; toward misery, humility, disgrace, or ruin. And downward fell into a groveling swine. Milton.
3. From a remote time; from an ancestor or predecessor; from one to another in a descending line. A ring the county wears, That downward hath descended in his house, From son to son, some four or five descents. Shak.
DOWNWARD
DOWNWARD Down "ward, a.
1. Moving or extending from a higher to a lower place; tending toward the earth or its center, or toward a lower level; declivous. With downward force That drove the sand along he took his way. Dryden.
2. Descending from a head, origin, or source; as, a downward line of descent.
3. Tending to a lower condition or state; depressed; dejected; as, downward thoughts. Sir P. Sidney.
DOWNWEED
DOWNWEED Down "weed `, n. (Bot. )
Defn: Cudweed, a species of Gnaphalium.
DOWNWEIGH
DOWNWEIGH Down `weigh ", v. t.
Defn: To weigh or press down. A different sin downweighs them to the bottom. Longfellow.
DOWN-WIND
DOWN-WIND Down "-wind `, adv.
Defn: With the wind.
DOWNY
DOWNY Down "y, a.
1. Covered with down, or with pubescence or soft hairs. "A downy feather. " Shak. Plants that. .. have downy or velvet rind upon their leaves. Bacon.
2. Made of, or resembling, down. Hence, figuratively: Soft; placid; soothing; quiet. "A downy shower. " Keble. "Downy pillow. " Pope. Time steals on with downy feet. Young.
3. Cunning; wary. [Slang, Eng. ] Latham.
New American Oxford Dictionary
Down
Down |doun daʊn | one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, formerly an administrative area; chief town, Downpatrick.
down
down 1 |doun daʊn | ▶adverb 1 toward or in a lower place or position, esp. to or on the ground or another surface: she looked down | the sun started to go down | he put his glass down | she flicked the switch up and down | he swung the ax to chop down the tree. • at or to a specified distance below: you can plainly see the bottom 35 feet down. • downstairs: I went down to put the kettle on. • expressing movement or position away from the north: they're living down south. • to or at a place perceived as lower (often expressing casualness or lack of hurry ): I'd rather be down at the villa | I'm going down to the arcade. • Brit. away from the capital or major city: there are eight trains a day, four up and four down. • Brit. away from a university, esp. Oxford or Cambridge. • (with reference to food or drink swallowed ) in or into the stomach: she couldn't keep anything down. • so as to lie or be fixed flush or flat: she stuck down a Christmas label. • [ as exclamation ] used as a command to a person or animal to sit or lie down: down, boy! • a crossword answer that reads vertically: how many letters in fifteen down? 2 to or at a lower level of intensity, volume, or activity: keep the noise down | the panic was dying down | at night it would cool down. • to or at a lower price, value, or rank: output was down by 20 percent | soup is down from 59 cents to 49 cents. • to a finer consistency, a smaller amount or size, or a simpler or more basic state: I must slim down a bit | a formal statement that can't be edited down | thin down an oil-based paint with spirits. • from an earlier to a later point in time or order: everyone, from the president down to the guy selling hot dogs, is outraged. 3 in or into a weaker or worse position, mood, or condition: the scandal brought down the government | he was down with the flu. • losing or at a disadvantage by a specified amount: the Braves, down 7 –6, rallied for two runs in the sixth inning. • used to express progress through a series of tasks or items: one down and only six more to go. • (of a computer system ) out of action or unavailable for use (esp. temporarily ): the system went down yesterday. • (down with ——) shouted to express strong dislike of a specified person or thing: crowds chanted “Down with bureaucracy! ” 4 in or into writing: I just write down whatever comes into my head | taking down notes. • on or onto a list, schedule, or record: I'll put you down for the evening shift. 5 (with reference to partial payment of a sum of money ) made initially or on the spot: pay $500 down and the rest at the end of the month. 6 (of sailing ) with the current or the wind. • (of a ship's helm ) moved around to leeward so that the rudder is to windward and the vessel swings toward the wind. 7 Football (of the ball or a player in possession ) not in play, typically because forward progress has been stopped. ▶preposition 1 from a higher to a lower point of (something ): up and down the stairs | tears streaming down her face. • at or to a lower part of (a river or stream ); nearer the sea: a dozen miles or so down the Mississippi. • moving or at a point further along the course of (something ): he lived down the street | I wandered down the road. • informal at or to (a place ): tired of going down to the pub every night. 2 throughout (a period of time ): astrologers down the ages. ▶adjective 1 [ attrib. ] directed or moving toward a lower place or position: the down escalator | click on the down arrow. • Physics denoting a flavor of quark having a charge of −1 /3. Protons and neutrons are thought to be composed of combinations of up and down quarks. 2 [ predic. ] unhappy; depressed: he's been so down lately. 3 [ predic. ] (of a computer system ) temporarily out of action or unavailable: sorry, but the computer's down. 4 [ predic. ] chiefly slang supporting or going along with someone or something: “You going to the movies?” “Yo, I'm down. ” | you got to be down with me. • aware of and following the latest fashion: a seriously down, hip-hop homie. ▶verb [ with obj. ] informal 1 knock or bring to the ground: 175 enemy aircraft had been downed | he struck Slater on the face, downing him. 2 consume (something, typically a drink ): he downed a six-pack. • (of a golfer ) sink (a putt ). ▶noun 1 Football a chance for a team to advance the ball, ending when the ball carrier is tackled or the ball becomes out of play. A team must advance at least ten yards in a series of four downs in order to keep possession. 2 (downs ) informal unwelcome experiences or events: there had been more downs than ups during his years at the company. 3 informal a feeling or period of unhappiness or depression: everyone gets their downs, their depressive periods. • informal short for downer ( sense 1 ). PHRASES be down on informal disapprove of; feel hostile or antagonistic toward. be down to 1 be attributable to (a particular factor or circumstance ): he claimed his problems were down to the media. • be the responsibility of (a particular person ): it's down to you to make sure the boiler receives regular servicing. 2 be left with only (the specified amount ): I'm down to my last few dollars. down in the mouth informal (of a person or their expression ) unhappy; dejected. down on one's luck informal experiencing a period of bad luck. down pat (or cold ) memorized or mastered perfectly: she had the baby's medical routine down pat | a guy who has his art history down cold. down to the ground informal completely. have (or put ) someone /something down as judge someone or something to be (a particular type ): I never had Jake down as a ladies' man. ORIGIN Old English dūn, dūne, shortened from adūne ‘downward, ’ from the phrase of dūne ‘off the hill ’ (see down 3 ).
down
down 2 |daʊn doun | ▶noun soft fine fluffy feathers that form the first covering of a young bird or an insulating layer below the contour feathers of an adult bird. • such feathers taken from ducks or their nests and used for stuffing cushions, quilts, etc. ; eiderdown. • fine soft hair on the face or body of a person: the little girl had a covering of golden down on her head. • short soft hairs on some leaves, fruit, or seeds. ORIGIN Middle English: from Old Norse dúnn.
down
down 3 |daʊn doun | ▶noun (usu. downs ) a gently rolling hill: the gentle green contours of the downs. • ( the Downs ) ridges of undulating chalk and limestone hills in southern England, with few trees and used mainly for pasture. ORIGIN Old English dūn ‘hill ’ (related to Dutch duin ‘dune ’), perhaps ultimately of Celtic origin and related to Old Irish dún and obsolete Welsh din ‘fort, ’ which are from an Indo-European root shared by town .
down-and-dirty
down-and-dirt y ▶adjective informal 1 highly competitive or unprincipled: backstabbing slander and electronic harassment are freely employed in down-and-dirty hacker feuds. 2 earthy, direct, and explicit: the down-and-dirty realities about these diseases. • unvarnished; in a raw or prototypical form: they serve up some down-and-dirty Texas blues.
down-and-out
down-and-out |ˈˌdaʊn ən ˈˌaʊt | ▶adjective (of a person ) without money, a job, or a place to live; destitute: a down-and-out homeless vagrant. ▶noun (also down-and-outer ) a person without money, a job, or a place to live.
down-at-the-heels
down-at-the-heels (also down-at-the-heel or down-at-heel ) ▶adjective showing signs of neglect and deterioration; shabby: a down-at-the-heels house.
downbeat
down beat |ˈdounˌbēt ˈdaʊnˌbit | ▶adjective pessimistic; gloomy: the assessment of current economic prospects is downbeat. ▶noun Music an accented beat, usually the first of the bar.
down-bow
down-bow |ˌbō ˈdaʊn boʊ | ▶noun Music (on a stringed instrument ) a stroke in which the bow, from handle to tip, is slid across the strings in a motion of the hand moving away from the strings.
downburst
down burst |ˈdounˌbərst ˈdaʊnbərst | ▶noun a strong downward current of air from a cumulonimbus cloud, usually associated with intense rain or a thunderstorm.
downcase
down |case ▶verb [ with obj. ] change (an upper-case letter ) to a lower-case one.
downcast
down cast |ˈdounˌkast ˈdaʊnˌkæst | ▶adjective 1 (of a person's eyes ) looking downward: her modestly downcast eyes. 2 (of a person ) feeling despondent. ▶noun a shaft dug in a mine for extra ventilation.
downchange
down |change |ˈdaʊntʃeɪndʒ | ▶noun a change to a lower gear in a motor vehicle. ▶verb [ with obj. ] put (a vehicle ) into a lower gear. • [ no obj. ] change to a lower gear.
downcode
down code |ˈdounˌkōd ˈdaʊnkoʊd | ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 designate (a medical procedure or insurance claim ) with a lower value: an insurer who systematically downcodes professional charge submissions for critical care services | [ no obj. ] : we cannot turn to Medicaid to pay if Medicare downcodes. 2 Computing rewrite or convert (programs or software ) into a lower level language: some of the libraries written into C were downcoded into assembly. DERIVATIVES down cod ing noun
downcomer
down com er |ˈdounˌkəmər ˈdaʊnkəmər | ▶noun a pipe for the downward transport of water or gas from the top of a furnace or boiler.
downconverter
down con vert er |ˈdounkənˌvərtər ˈdaʊnkənˌvərtər | ▶noun Electronics a device that converts a signal to a lower frequency, esp. in television reception. DERIVATIVES down con ver sion |-ˌvərZHən |noun
downcountry
down coun try |ˈdounˈkəntrē ˈdaʊnkəntri | ▶adjective & adverb in, into, or relating to the low-lying and generally more densely settled part of a country as opposed to hilly regions: [ as adj. ] : even the downcountry conservatives support this reform | [ as adv. ] : distant summer storms a hundred miles downcountry.
downcourt
down court |ˈdounˈcôrt ˈdaʊnkɔrt | ▶adverb Sports to or into the opposite end of the court, esp. in basketball.
down-curved
down-curved ▶adjective [ attrib. ] curved downward: the slightly down-curved bill of a starling.
downcut
down cut |ˈdounˌkət ˈdaʊnkət | ▶verb ( downcuts, downcutting, past and past participle downcut ) [ no obj. ] Geology (of a river ) erode downward through its bed.
downdraft
down draft |ˈdounˌdraft ˈdaʊndræft |(Brit. downdraught ) ▶noun a downward current or draft of air, esp. one down a chimney into a room.
downdrift
down |drift ▶noun [ mass noun ] a tendency in certain languages or kinds of utterance for pitch to fall near the end of a phrase, clause, or sentence.
Down East
Down East a name for northeastern New England and for the Maritime Provinces that is derived from an old term for sailing downwind, to the east.
downer
down er |ˈdounər ˈdaʊnər | ▶noun informal 1 (usu. downers ) a depressant or tranquilizing drug, esp. a barbiturate. 2 a dispiriting or depressing experience or factor: the thought of the danger his son was in put something of a downer on the situation. • a period of consistent failure: the Red Sox enter the season on a downer . 3 a cow or other animal that is sick or injured and cannot get to its feet unaided.
Downers Grove
Dow ners Grove |ˈdounərz ˌdaʊnərz ˈɡroʊv | a village in northeastern Illinois, west of Chicago; pop. 49,250 (est. 2008 ).
Downey
Dow ney |ˈdounē ˈdaʊni | a city in southwestern California, southeast of Los Angeles; pop. 107,587 (est. 2008 ).
downfall
down fall |ˈdounˌfôl ˈdaʊnˌfɔl | ▶noun a loss of power, prosperity, or status: the crisis led to the downfall of the government. • the cause of such a loss: his intractability will prove to be his downfall.
downfield
down field |ˈdounˈfēld ˈdaʊnfild | ▶adverb adjective Football in or to a position nearer to the opponents' end of a field.
downfold
down |fold |ˈdaʊnfəʊld | ▶noun Geology a syncline.
downforce
down force |ˈdounˌfôrs ˈdaʊnfɔrs | ▶noun a force acting on a moving vehicle having the effect of pressing it down toward the ground, giving it increased stability. Downforce is produced by a combination of air resistance and gravity.
downgrade
down grade |ˈdounˌgrād ˈdaʊnˈˌɡreɪd | ▶verb [ with obj. ] (usu. be downgraded ) reduce to a lower grade, rank, or level of importance: some jobs had gradually been downgraded from skilled to semiskilled. ▶noun 1 an instance of reducing someone or something's rank, status, or level of importance. 2 a downward gradient, typically on a railroad track or road. PHRASES on the downgrade in decline: profits are on the downgrade.
downhaul
down haul |ˈdounˌhôl ˈdaʊnhɔl | ▶noun Nautical a rope used for hauling down a sail, spar, etc. , esp. in order to control a sail's shape.
downhearted
down heart ed |ˈdounˈhärtid ˈˌdaʊnˈˌhɑrdəd | ▶adjective discouraged; in low spirits: fans must not be downhearted even though we lost. DERIVATIVES down heart ed ly adverb, down heart ed ness noun
downhill
down hill |ˈdounˈhil ˈˌdaʊnˈˌhɪl | ▶adverb toward the bottom of a slope: he ran downhill | follow the road downhill. • into a steadily worsening situation: his marriage continued to slide downhill | the business is going downhill fast. ▶adjective leading down toward the bottom of a slope: the route is downhill for part of the way. • of or relating to the sport of skiing or cycling downhill: the world downhill champion. • leading to a steadily worsening situation: the downhill road to delinquency. • without difficulty or challenge: we can take the easy road, the downhill road, or we can put America on the path to greatness again. ▶noun 1 a downward slope. 2 Skiing a downhill race. • the activity of downhill skiing. PHRASES be downhill all the way 1 be easy in comparison with what came before: up by six runs in the eighth inning —it should have been downhill all the way. 2 become worse or less successful: that had been the start of the present trouble —downhill all the way since then.
downhiller
down hill er |ˈdounˈhilər ˈdaʊnhɪlər | ▶noun a skier or cyclist who takes part in downhill races.
down-hole
down-hole (also downhole ) ▶adjective & adverb (in the oil industry ) used, occurring, or performed in a well or borehole.
down-home
down-home |ˈˌdaʊn ˈˌhoʊm | ▶adjective connected with an unpretentious way of life, esp. that of rural peoples or areas: some good down-home cooking.
Downing Street
Down ing Street |ˈdouniNG ˈdaʊnɪŋ ˌstrit | a street in Westminster, London, between Whitehall and St. James's Park. No. 10 is the official residence of the prime minister; No. 11 is the official home of the chancellor of the exchequer. • used allusively for the British government or the prime minister. ORIGIN named after the original developer of the site, Sir George Downing ( c. 1624 –84 ), a diplomat under both Oliver Cromwell and Charles II.
downland
down |land |ˈdaʊnlənd | ▶noun [ mass noun ] (also downlands ) gently rolling hill country, especially in southern England.
downlevel
down lev el |ˈdounˌlevəl ˈdaʊnlɛvəl | ▶adjective using an earlier version of software, hardware, or an operating system: there are still 600 million computers, many of them downlevel, that wouldn't have all of these vulnerabilities fixed.
downlight
down light |ˈdounˌlīt ˈdaʊnlaɪt |(also downlighter ) ▶noun a light placed or designed so as to throw illumination downward. DERIVATIVES down light ing noun
downlink
down link |ˈdounˌliNGk ˈdaʊnlɪŋk | ▶noun a telecommunications link for signals coming to the earth from a satellite, spacecraft, or aircraft. ▶verb [ with obj. ] relay to the earth (a telecommunications signal or the information it conveys ): any TV station can downlink just about any game.
download
down load |ˈdounˌlōd ˈdaʊnˌloʊd |Computing ▶verb [ with obj. ] copy (data ) from one computer system to another or to a disk. Compare with upload. ▶noun the act or process of copying data in such a way: [ as modifier ] : a download and upload routine. • a computer file transferred in such a way: a popular download from bulletin boards. DERIVATIVES down load a ble adjective, down load er noun
down-low
down-low ▶noun (in phrase on the down-low ) chiefly black slang on the quiet; in secret: he kept his status as a Hell's Angel on the down-low. • (of a man ) concealing his homosexual tendencies.
downmarket
down mar ket |ˈdounˌmärkit ˈdaʊnˈˌmɑrkət | ▶adjective & adverb toward or relating to the cheaper or less prestigious sector of the market: [ as adj. ] : an interview for the downmarket tabloids | [ as adv. ] : competition threatens to drive broadcasters further downmarket.
downmost
down |most |ˈdaʊnməʊst | ▶adjective & adverb chiefly Brit. the furthest down; at or towards the bottom.
down payment
down pay ment |ˈˌdaʊn ˈˌpeɪmənt | ▶noun an initial payment made when something is bought on credit.
downpipe
down |pipe |ˈdaʊnpʌɪp | ▶noun Brit. a pipe to carry rainwater from a roof to a drain or to ground level.
downplay
down play |ˈdounˌplā ˈdaʊnˌpleɪ | ▶verb [ with obj. ] make (something ) appear less important than it really is: this report downplays the seriousness of global warming.
downpour
down pour |ˈdounˌpôr ˈdaʊnˌpɔ (ə )r | ▶noun a heavy rainfall: a sudden downpour had filled the gutters and drains.
downrange
down range |ˈdounˌrānj ˌdaʊnˈreɪnʤ | ▶adverb (of a missile, space launch, etc. ) traveling in a specified direction away from the launch site and toward the target: rounds streaked downrange at more than a mile a second.
downrate
down rate |ˈdounˌrāt ˌdaʊnˈreɪt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] make (someone or something ) lower in value, standard, or importance.
downright
down right |ˈdounˌrīt ˈdaʊnˌraɪt | ▶adjective 1 [ attrib. ] (of something bad or unpleasant ) utter; complete (used for emphasis ): it's a downright disgrace. 2 (of a person's manner or behavior ) straightforward; so direct as to be blunt: her common sense and downright attitude to life surprised him. ▶adverb [ as submodifier ] to an extreme degree; thoroughly: he was downright rude. DERIVATIVES down right ness noun
downriver
down riv er |ˈdounˈrivər ˈdaʊnˈˌrɪvər | ▶adverb & adjective |daʊnˈrɪvə |toward or situated at a point nearer the mouth of a river: [ as adv. ] : the cabin cruiser started to drift downriver | [ as adj. ] : the downriver side of the bridge.
downscale
down scale |ˈdounˌskāl ˈdaʊnˌskeɪl | ▶verb [ with obj. ] reduce in size, scale, or extent: he was unable to downscale his strongly unionized workforce. ▶adjective at the lower end of a scale, esp. a social scale; downmarket: these brands appeal to downscale shoppers who are looking for a low price.
downshift
down shift |ˈdounˌSHift ˈdaʊnˌʃɪft | ▶verb [ no obj. ] change to a lower gear in a motor vehicle or bicycle. • slow down; slacken off: well before the country slipped into recession, business was downshifting. • change a financially rewarding but stressful career or lifestyle for a less pressured and less highly paid but more fulfilling one: they want to downshift from full-time work. ▶noun a change to a lower gear in a motor vehicle or bicycle. • a change in quality or quantity to a lesser or lower degree: the downshift of human position from the center of the cosmos. • an instance of changing a financially rewarding but stressful career or lifestyle for a less pressured and less highly paid but more fulfilling one.
downside
down side |ˈdounˌsīd ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd | ▶noun the negative aspect of something, esp. something regarded as in general good or desirable: a magazine feature on the downside of fashion modeling.
downsize
down size |ˈdounˌsīz ˈdaʊnˌsaɪz | ▶verb [ with obj. ] make (something ) smaller: I downsized the rear wheel to 26 inches. • make (a company or organization ) smaller by eliminating staff positions. • [ no obj. ] (of a company ) eliminate staff positions: recession forced many companies to downsize.
downslope
down slope |ˈdounˌslōp ˈdaʊnsloʊp | ▶noun a downward slope. ▶adverb & adjective at or toward a lower point on a slope.
downspout
down spout |ˈdounˌspout ˈdaʊnˌspaʊt | ▶noun a pipe to carry rainwater from a roof to a drain or to ground level.
downstage
down stage |ˈdounˈstāj ˈdaʊnˈˌsteɪʤ | ▶adjective & adverb at or toward the front of a stage: [ as adv. ] : all four run for their lives downstage | [ as adj. ] : a crowd of dancers occupies the downstage area.
downstairs
down stairs |ˈdounˈste (ə )rz ˈdaʊnˈˌstɛrz | ▶adverb down a flight of stairs: I tripped over the cat and fell downstairs. • on or to a lower floor: we were waiting for you downstairs | she called him downstairs. ▶adjective |daʊnˈsterz | [ attrib. ] situated downstairs: the downstairs bathroom. ▶noun the ground floor or lower floors of a building: the downstairs was hardly damaged at all.
downstate
down state |ˈdounˈstāt ˌdaʊnˈsteɪt | ▶adjective & adverb of, in, or to a part of a state remote from its large cities, esp. the southern part. ▶noun such an area. DERIVATIVES down stat er noun
downstream
down stream |ˈdounˈstrēm ˈˌdaʊnˈˌstrim | ▶adverb & adjective situated or moving in the direction in which a stream or river flows: [ as adv. ] : the bridge spanned the river just downstream of the rail line | [ as adj. ] : deforestation could have disastrous consequences for downstream regions. • Biology situated in or toward the part of a sequence of genetic material where transcription takes place later than at a given point: a termination signal was found downstream from the coding region. • at a stage in the process of gas or oil extraction and production after the raw material is ready for refining.
downstroke
down stroke |ˈdounˌstrōk ˈdaʊnstroʊk | ▶noun a stroke made downward: he writes the figure seven with a line through the downstroke | the blade angles back on the downstroke.
downswing
down swing |ˈdounˌswiNG ˈdaʊnˌswɪŋ | ▶noun 1 another term for downturn. 2 Golf the downward movement of a club when the player is about to hit the ball.
Down syndrome
Down syn drome |ˈdoun ˈsindrōm ˈdaʊn ˌsɪndroʊm |(also Down's syndrome ) ▶noun Medicine a congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, causing intellectual impairment and physical abnormalities including short stature and a broad facial profile. It arises from a defect involving chromosome 21, usually an extra copy (trisomy-21 ). ORIGIN 1960s: named after John L. H. Down (1828 –96 ), the English physician who first described it. usage: Of relatively recent coinage, Down syndrome is the accepted term in modern use, and former terms such as mongol, Mongoloid, and mongolism, which are likely to cause offense, should be avoided. See also usage at Mongoloid .
downtempo
down tem po |ˈdounˌtempō ˌdaʊnˈtɛmpoʊ | ▶adjective (of music ) having a relatively slower beat. ▶noun a genre of electronic dance music with influences from jazz, bossa nova, and dub reggae.
down-the-line
down-the-line ▶adjective informal thorough and uncompromising: the party avoids down-the-line support of unions.
downthrow
down throw |ˈdounˌTHrō ˈdaʊnθroʊ |Geology ▶verb ( past downthrew; past participle downthrown ) [ with obj. ] displace (a rock formation ) downward. ▶noun a downward displacement of rock strata.
down timber
down tim ber ▶noun fallen trees brought down by wind, storm, or other natural agency.
downtime
down time |ˈdounˌtīm ˈdaʊnˌtaɪm |(also down time ) ▶noun time during which a machine, esp. a computer, is out of action or unavailable for use. • a time of reduced activity or inactivity: everyone needs downtime to unwind | downtimes for real estate and construction.
down-to-earth
down-to-earth ▶adjective with no illusions or pretensions; practical and realistic: a down-to-earth view of marriage. DERIVATIVES down-to-earth ness noun
downtown
down town |ˈdounˈtoun ˈˌdaʊnˈˌtaʊn daʊnˈtaʊn | ▶adjective of, in, or characteristic of the central area or main business and commercial area of a town or city: downtown Chicago | a downtown bar. ▶adverb |daʊnˈtaʊn |in or into such an area: I drove downtown. ▶noun such an area of a town or city: the heart of Pittsburgh's downtown. DERIVATIVES down town er noun
downtrend
down trend |ˈdounˌtrend ˈdaʊntrend | ▶noun a downward trend, tendency, or movement: there is not yet a confirmed downtrend in interest rates.
downtrodden
down trod den |ˈdounˌträdn ˈˌdaʊnˈˌtrɑdn | ▶adjective oppressed or treated badly by people in power: a downtrodden proletarian struggling for social justice.
downturn
down turn |ˈdounˌtərn ˈdaʊnˌtərn | ▶noun a decline in economic, business, or other activity: a downturn in the housing market. ▶verb |ˈdaʊntɜːrn | [ with obj. ] (usu. as adj. downturned ) turn (something ) downward: his downturned mouth.
Down Under
Down Un der (also down under ) informal ▶adverb in or to Australia or New Zealand: selling wines under the name of the grape variety, just as they do Down Under. ▶noun Australia and New Zealand: thousands of men from Down Under. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: with reference to the position of these countries on a globe.
downward
down ward |ˈdounwərd ˈdaʊnwərd | ▶adverb (also downwards ) toward a lower place, point, or level: he was lying face downward. • used to indicate that something applies to everyone in a certain hierarchy or set: new rules on sick leave affect employees of all grades, from managers downward. ▶adjective moving or leading toward a lower place or level: the downward curve of the stairs | a downward trend in inflation. DERIVATIVES down ward ly adverb ORIGIN Middle English: shortening of Old English adūnweard.
downwardly mobile
down ward ly mo bile ▶adjective moving to a lower social class; losing wealth and status. DERIVATIVES down ward mo bil i ty noun
downwarp
down warp |ˈdounˌwôrp ˈdaʊnwɔrp |Geology ▶noun a broad depression of the earth's surface. ▶verb [ with obj. ] displace (a rock formation ) downward so as to form such a depression.
downwash
down wash |ˈdounˌwäSH, -ˌwôSH ˈdaʊnˌwɑʃ | ▶noun the downward deflection of an airstream by an aircraft wing or helicopter rotor blade.
downwelling
down well ing |ˈdounˌweliNG ˈdaʊnˌwɛlɪŋ | ▶noun the downward movement of fluid, esp. in the sea, the atmosphere, or deep in the earth. ▶adjective characterized by or undergoing such movement: downwelling mantle.
downwind
down wind |ˈdounˈwind ˈˌdaʊnˈˌwɪnd | ▶adverb & adjective in the direction in which the wind is blowing: [ as adv. ] : warnings were issued to people living downwind of the fire | [ as adj. ] : downwind landings.
downwinder
down wind er |ˈdounˈwindər ˈdaʊnwɪndər | ▶noun a person living downwind of a nuclear test site or reactor, where the risk from fallout or radiation leaks is greatest.
downy
down y |ˈdounē ˈdaʊni | ▶adjective ( downier, downiest ) covered with fine soft hair or feathers: the baby's downy cheek. • filled with soft feathers: a downy pillow. • soft and fluffy: pale downy hair. DERIVATIVES down i ly |-nəlē |adverb, down i ness noun
downy mildew
down y mil dew ▶noun mildew on a plant that is marked by a whitish down composed of spore-forming hyphae, penetrating more deeply into the plant than powdery mildew. [Family Peronosporaceae, subdivision Mastigomycotina. ]
downy woodpecker
down y wood peck er ▶noun a widespread small North American woodpecker with a short bill, black and white plumage, and (on the male ) a red patch on the back of the head. [Picoides pubescens, family Picidae. ]
downzone
down zone |ˈdounˌzōn ˈdaʊnzoʊn | ▶verb [ with obj. ] assign (land or property ) to a zoning grade under which the permitted density of housing and development is reduced.
Oxford Dictionary
Down
Down |daʊn | one of the Six Counties of Northern Ireland, since 1973 an administrative district; chief town, Downpatrick.
down
down 1 |daʊn | ▶adverb 1 towards or in a lower place or position, especially to or on the ground or another surface: she looked down | the sun started to go down | he put his glass down | he swung the axe to chop down the tree. • at or to a specified distance below: you can plainly see the bottom 35 feet down. • downstairs: I went down to put the kettle on. • expressing movement or position away from the north: they're living down south. • to or at a place perceived as lower (often expressing casualness or lack of hurry ): I'd rather be down at the villa | I'm going down to the pub. • Brit. away from the capital or major city: there are eight trains a day, four up and four down. • Brit. away from a university, especially Oxford or Cambridge. • (with reference to food or drink swallowed ) in or into the stomach: she couldn't keep anything down. • so as to lie or be fixed flush or flat: she stuck down a Christmas label. • [ as exclamation ] used as a command to a person or animal to sit or lie down: down, boy! • referring to a crossword answer which reads vertically: how many letters in fifteen down? 2 to or at a lower level of intensity, volume, or activity: keep the noise down | the panic was dying down | at night it would cool down. • to or at a lower price, value, or rank: output was down by 20 per cent | soup is down from 59p to 49p. • to a finer consistency, a smaller amount or size, or a simpler or more basic state: I must slim down a bit | a formal statement that can't be edited down | thin down an oil-based paint with spirits. • from an earlier to a later point in time or order: buildings in England down to 1540 | everyone, from the President down to the bloke selling hot dogs, wants her dead. 3 in or into a weaker or worse position, mood, or condition: the scandal brought down the government | he was down with the flu. • losing or at a disadvantage by a specified amount: United were 3 –0 down. • used to express progress through a series of tasks or items: one down and only six more to go. • (of a computer system ) out of action or unavailable for use: the system went down yesterday. • (down with ——) shouted to express strong dislike of a specified person or thing: crowds chanted ‘Down with America! ’. 4 in or into writing: Graham noted the numbers down carefully | taking down notes. • on or on to a list, schedule, or record: I'll put you down for the evening shift. 5 (with reference to partial payment of a sum of money ) made initially or on the spot: pay £5 down and the rest at the end of the month. 6 (of sailing ) with the current or the wind. • (of a ship's helm ) moved round to leeward so that the rudder is to windward. 7 American Football (of the ball or a player in possession ) not in play, typically through progress being stopped. ▶preposition 1 from a higher to a lower point of (something ): up and down the stairs | tears streaming down her face. • at or to the part of (a river or stream ) that is nearer the sea: a dozen miles or so down the Thames. • moving or at a point further along the course of (something ): he lived down the street | I wandered down the road. • informal at or to (a place ): she was tired of going down the pub every night. 2 throughout (a period of time ): astrologers down the ages. ▶adjective 1 [ attrib. ] directed or moving towards a lower place or position: the down escalator | click on the down arrow. • relating to or denoting trains travelling away from the main terminus: we travelled on the first down train. • Physics denoting a flavour of quark having a charge of −1 /3. Protons and neutrons are thought to be composed of combinations of up and down quarks. 2 [ predic. ] unhappy; depressed: he's been so down lately. 3 [ predic. ] (of a computer system ) temporarily out of action or unavailable: sorry, but the computer's down. 4 [ predic. ] US black slang supporting or going along with someone or something: you got to be down with me. • aware of and following the latest fashion: a seriously down, hip-hop homie. ▶verb [ with obj. ] informal 1 knock or bring to the ground: 175 enemy aircraft had been downed | he struck Slater on the face, downing him. 2 consume (something, typically a drink ): he downed five pints of cider. • Golf sink (a putt ). ▶noun 1 American Football a chance for a team to advance the ball, ending when the ball carrier is tackled or the ball becomes out of play. A team must advance at least ten yards in a series of four downs in order to keep possession. 2 (downs ) informal unwelcome experiences or events: there had been more downs than ups during his years at Ferrari. 3 informal a feeling or period of unhappiness or depression: everyone gets their downs, their depressive periods. PHRASES be (or have a ) down on Brit. informal feel hostile or antagonistic towards. be down to 1 be attributable to (a particular factor or circumstance ): he claimed his problems were down to the media. • be the responsibility of (a particular person ): it's down to you to make sure the boiler receives regular servicing. 2 be left with only (the specified amount ): I'm down to my last few pounds. down in the mouth informal unhappy; dejected. down on one's luck informal experiencing a period of bad luck. down tools Brit. informal stop work, especially as a form of industrial action: the union instructed its members to down tools. down to the ground informal completely; totally. down town into or in the centre of a town: I went down town to do a few errands. have (or put ) someone /thing down as judge someone or something to be (a particular type ): I never had Jake down as a ladies' man. ORIGIN Old English dūn, dūne, shortened from adūne ‘downward ’, from the phrase of dūne ‘off the hill ’ (see down 3 ).
down
down 2 |daʊn | ▶noun [ mass noun ] soft, fine, fluffy feathers which form the first covering of a young bird or an insulating layer below the contour feathers of an adult bird. • down feathers taken from ducks or their nests and used for stuffing cushions, quilts, etc. • fine, soft hair on the face or body of a person: the little girl had a covering of golden down on her head. • short, soft hairs on some leaves, fruit, or seeds. ORIGIN Middle English: from Old Norse dúnn.
down
down 3 |daʊn | ▶noun 1 (usu. downs ) a gently rolling hill: the gentle green contours of the downs. • ( the Downs ) ridges of undulating chalk and limestone hills in southern England, used mainly for pasture. 2 ( the Downs ) a stretch of sea off the east coast of Kent, sheltered by the Goodwin Sands. ORIGIN Old English dūn ‘hill ’ (related to Dutch duin ‘dune ’), perhaps ultimately of Celtic origin and related to Old Irish dún and obsolete Welsh din ‘fort ’, which are from an Indo-European root shared by town .
down and dirty
down and dirty N. Amer. informal ▶adjective 1 highly competitive or unprincipled: he's willing to get down and dirty, slinging mud at will and knowing that some of it will stick. 2 explicit; direct: I won't bore you with the down-and-dirty details.
down and out
down and out ▶adjective 1 (of a person ) without money, a job, or a place to live; destitute: a novel about being down and out in London. 2 (of a boxer ) knocked down and unable to continue fighting. • (of a competitor ) facing certain defeat. ▶noun ( down-and-out ) a person without money, a job, or a place to live: a hostel for down-and-outs.
down at heel
down at heel ▶adjective 1 (of a shoe ) with the heel worn down. 2 having a poor, shabby appearance: down-at-heel areas.
downbeat
down |beat |ˈdaʊnbiːt | ▶adjective 1 pessimistic or gloomy: the assessment of the UK's economic prospects is downbeat. 2 relaxed and understated: he responds to her enthusiasm with downbeat bemusement. ▶noun Music an accented beat, usually the first of the bar.
down-bow
down-bow |ˌbō ˈdaʊn boʊ | ▶noun Music (on a stringed instrument ) a stroke in which the bow, from handle to tip, is slid across the strings in a motion of the hand moving away from the strings.
downburst
downburst |ˈdaʊnbəːst | ▶noun a strong downward current of air from a cumulonimbus cloud, which is usually accompanied by intense rain or a thunderstorm.
downcase
down |case ▶verb [ with obj. ] change (an upper-case letter ) to a lower-case one.
downcast
down |cast |ˈdaʊnkɑːst | ▶adjective 1 (of a person's eyes ) looking downwards: her modestly downcast eyes. 2 (of a person ) feeling despondent. ▶noun a shaft dug in a mine for extra ventilation.
downchange
down |change |ˈdaʊntʃeɪndʒ | ▶noun a change to a lower gear in a motor vehicle. ▶verb [ with obj. ] put (a vehicle ) into a lower gear. • [ no obj. ] change to a lower gear.
downcode
down code |ˈdounˌkōd ˈdaʊnkoʊd | ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 designate (a medical procedure or insurance claim ) with a lower value: an insurer who systematically downcodes professional charge submissions for critical care services | [ no obj. ] : we cannot turn to Medicaid to pay if Medicare downcodes. 2 Computing rewrite or convert (programs or software ) into a lower level language: some of the libraries written into C were downcoded into assembly. DERIVATIVES down cod ing noun
downcomer
down |comer |ˈdaʊnkʌmə | ▶noun a pipe for the downward transport of water or gas from the top of a furnace or boiler.
downconverter
down |con ¦vert ¦er |ˈdəʊnkənvəːtə | ▶noun Electronics a device that converts a signal to a lower frequency, especially in television reception. DERIVATIVES downconversion noun
downcountry
down |coun ¦try |ˈdəʊnkʌntri | ▶adjective & adverb chiefly N. Amer. in, into, or relating to the low-lying and generally more densely settled part of a country as opposed to hilly regions: [ as adj. ] : a downcountry upstart | [ as adv. ] : the land rolled away a hundred miles downcountry.
downcourt
down court |ˈdounˈcôrt ˈdaʊnkɔrt | ▶adverb Sports to or into the opposite end of the court, esp. in basketball.
downcurved
down |curved ▶adjective curved downwards.
downcut
down |cut ▶verb ( downcuts, downcutting, past and past participle downcut ) [ no obj. ] Geology (of a river ) erode downwards through its bed.
downdraught
downdraught |ˈdaʊndrɑːft |(US downdraft ) ▶noun a downward current or draught of air.
downdrift
down |drift ▶noun [ mass noun ] a tendency in certain languages or kinds of utterance for pitch to fall near the end of a phrase, clause, or sentence.
Down East
Down East a name for northeastern New England and for the Maritime Provinces that is derived from an old term for sailing downwind, to the east.
downer
down ¦er |ˈdaʊnə | ▶noun informal 1 (usu. downers ) a depressant or tranquillizing drug, especially a barbiturate. 2 a dispiriting or depressing experience or factor: the thought of the danger his son was in put something of a downer on the situation. 3 a cow or other animal that has fallen down and cannot get to its feet unaided.
Downers Grove
Dow ners Grove |ˈdounərz ˌdaʊnərz ˈɡroʊv | a village in northeastern Illinois, west of Chicago; pop. 49,250 (est. 2008 ).
Downey
Dow ney |ˈdounē ˈdaʊni | a city in southwestern California, southeast of Los Angeles; pop. 107,587 (est. 2008 ).
downfall
down |fall |ˈdaʊnfɔːl | ▶noun 1 a loss of power, prosperity, or status: the crisis led to the downfall of the government. • the cause of a loss of power, prosperity, or status: his intractability will prove to be his downfall. 2 a heavy fall of rain or snow.
downfield
down |field |daʊnˈfiːld | ▶adverb 1 N. Amer. another term for upfield ( sense 1 ). 2 Physics in a direction corresponding to decreasing field strength.
downfold
down |fold |ˈdaʊnfəʊld | ▶noun Geology a syncline.
downforce
down |force |ˈdaʊnfɔːs | ▶noun a force, produced by a combination of air resistance and gravity, that acts on a moving vehicle, having the effect of pressing it down towards the ground and giving it increased stability.
downgrade
down |grade ▶verb |ˈdaʊngreɪd, daʊnˈgreɪd | [ with obj. ] reduce to a lower grade, rank, or level of importance: some jobs had gradually been downgraded from skilled to semi-skilled. ▶noun |ˈdaʊngreɪd | 1 an instance of reducing someone or something's rank, status, or level of importance. 2 N. Amer. a downward gradient on a railway or road. PHRASES on the downgrade N. Amer. in decline: profits are on the downgrade.
downhaul
down |haul ▶noun Nautical a rope used for hauling down a sail, spar, etc.
downhearted
down |heart ¦ed |daʊnˈhɑːtɪd | ▶adjective discouraged; in low spirits: fans must not be downhearted even though we lost. DERIVATIVES downheartedly adverb, downheartedness noun
downhill
down |hill ▶adverb |daʊnˈhɪl |towards the bottom of a slope: he ran downhill | follow the road downhill. • into a steadily worsening situation: her marriage continued to slide downhill | the business is going downhill fast. ▶adjective |ˈdaʊnhɪl |leading down towards the bottom of a slope: the route is downhill for part of the way. • relating to the sport of skiing downhill: the world downhill champion. • leading to a steadily worsening situation: the downhill road to delinquency. • without difficulty or challenge: we can take the easy road, the downhill road, or we can put America on the path to greatness again. ▶noun |ˈdaʊnhɪl | 1 a downward slope. 2 Skiing a downhill race. • [ mass noun ] the activity of downhill skiing. PHRASES be downhill all the way 1 be easy in comparison with what came before: two-nil up —it should have been downhill all the way. 2 become worse or less successful: that had been the start of the present trouble —downhill all the way since then.
downhiller
down |hill ¦er |ˈdaʊnhɪlə | ▶noun a skier or cyclist who takes part in downhill races.
downhole
down |hole ▶adjective & adverb |ˈdaʊnhəʊl |(in the oil industry ) used, occurring, or performed in a well or borehole.
down-home
down-home ▶adjective N. Amer. connected with an unpretentious way of life, especially that of rural peoples or areas: some good down-home cooking.
Downing Street
Down |ing Street |ˈdaʊnɪŋ striːt | a street in Westminster, London, between Whitehall and St James's Park. No. 10 is the official residence of the Prime Minister; No. 11 is the home of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. • used allusively for the British government or the Prime Minister: Downing Street flatly refused to confirm that the summit was off.
downland
down |land |ˈdaʊnlənd | ▶noun [ mass noun ] (also downlands ) gently rolling hill country, especially in southern England.
downlevel
down lev el |ˈdounˌlevəl ˈdaʊnlɛvəl | ▶adjective using an earlier version of software, hardware, or an operating system: there are still 600 million computers, many of them downlevel, that wouldn't have all of these vulnerabilities fixed.
downlighter
downlighter |ˈdaʊnlʌɪtə |(also downlight ) ▶noun a light placed or designed so as to throw illumination downwards. DERIVATIVES downlighting noun
downlink
down |link |ˈdaʊnlɪŋk | ▶noun a telecommunications link for signals coming to the earth from a satellite, spacecraft, or aircraft. ▶verb [ with obj. ] relay to the earth (a telecommunications signal or the information it conveys ): any TV station can downlink just about any game.
download
download Computing ▶verb |daʊnˈləʊd | [ with obj. ] copy (data ) from one computer system to another or to a disk. ▶noun |ˈdaʊnləʊd | [ mass noun ] the act or process of downloading data: [ as modifier ] : a download and upload routine. • [ count noun ] a computer file that has been downloaded: a popular download from bulletin boards. DERIVATIVES downloadable adjective, downloader noun
down-low
down-low ▶noun (in phrase on the down-low ) chiefly black slang on the quiet; in secret: he kept his status as a Hell's Angel on the down-low. • (of a man ) concealing his homosexual tendencies.
downmarket
down |mar ¦ket |daʊnˈmɑːkɪt, ˈdaʊn -| ▶adjective & adverb chiefly Brit. towards or relating to the cheaper or less prestigious sector of the market: [ as adj. ] : an interview for the downmarket tabloids | [ as adv. ] : competition threatens to drive broadcasters further downmarket.
downmost
down |most |ˈdaʊnməʊst | ▶adjective & adverb chiefly Brit. the furthest down; at or towards the bottom.
down payment
down pay |ment ▶noun an initial payment made when something is bought on credit.
downpipe
down |pipe |ˈdaʊnpʌɪp | ▶noun Brit. a pipe to carry rainwater from a roof to a drain or to ground level.
downplay
down |play |daʊnˈpleɪ | ▶verb [ with obj. ] make (something ) appear less important than it really is: this report downplays the seriousness of global warming.
downpour
down |pour |ˈdaʊnpɔː | ▶noun a heavy fall of rain: a sudden downpour had filled the gutters and drains.
downrange
down range |ˈdounˌrānj ˌdaʊnˈreɪnʤ | ▶adverb (of a missile, space launch, etc. ) traveling in a specified direction away from the launch site and toward the target: rounds streaked downrange at more than a mile a second.
downrate
down |rate |daʊnˈreɪt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] make lower in value, standard, or importance: he notched up five kills although Fighter Command downrated them to four probables.
downright
down |right |ˈdaʊnrʌɪt | ▶adjective 1 [ attrib. ] (of something bad or unpleasant ) utter; complete (used for emphasis ): it's a downright disgrace. 2 so direct in manner as to be blunt: her common sense and downright attitude to life surprised him. ▶adverb [ as submodifier ] to an extreme degree; thoroughly: he was downright rude.
downriver
down |river |daʊnˈrɪvə | ▶adverb & adjective towards or situated at a point nearer the mouth of a river: [ as adv. ] : the cabin cruiser started to drift downriver | [ as adj. ] : the downriver side of the bridge.
downscale
downscale |ˈdaʊnskeɪl |N. Amer. ▶verb [ with obj. ] reduce in size, scale, or extent: he was unable to downscale his strongly unionized workforce. ▶adjective at the lower end of a scale, especially a social scale; downmarket: these brands appeal to downscale shoppers who are looking for a low price.
downshift
down |shift |ˈdaʊnʃɪft | ▶verb [ no obj. ] 1 N. Amer. change to a lower gear in a motor vehicle or bicycle. • slow down; slacken off: well before the country slipped into recession, business was downshifting. 2 change a financially rewarding but stressful career or lifestyle for a less pressured and less highly paid but more fulfilling one: increasing numbers of men want to downshift from full-time work. ▶noun 1 N. Amer. a change to a lower gear in a motor vehicle or bicycle. 2 an instance of changing to a less pressured and less highly paid but more fulfilling career or lifestyle.
downside
down |side |ˈdaʊnsʌɪd | ▶noun the negative aspect of something otherwise regarded as good or desirable: a magazine feature on the downside of fashion modelling.
downsize
down |size |ˈdaʊnsʌɪz | ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 N. Amer. make (something ) smaller: I downsized the rear wheel to 26 inches. 2 make (a company or organization ) smaller by shedding staff. • [ no obj. ] (of a company ) shed staff: recession forced many companies to downsize.
downslope
down |slope |ˈdaʊnsləʊp | ▶adverb at or towards a lower point on a slope. ▶adjective caused by, occurring, or acting on a downward slope: they can produce strong downslope winds. ▶noun a downward slope.
downspout
down |spout |ˈdaʊnspaʊt | ▶noun N. Amer. a downpipe.
Down's syndrome
Down's syn |drome |daʊnz | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Medicine a congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, causing intellectual impairment and physical abnormalities including short stature and a broad facial profile. It arises from a defect involving chromosome 21, usually an extra copy (trisomy-21 ). ORIGIN 1960s: named after John L. H. Down (1828 –96 ), the English physician who first described it. usage: Of relatively recent coinage, Down's syndrome is the accepted term in modern use, and former terms such as mongol and mongolism, which are likely to cause offence, should be avoided.
downstage
down |stage |ˈdaʊnsteɪdʒ, -ˈsteɪdʒ | ▶adjective & adverb at or towards the front of a stage: [ as adv. ] : all four run for their lives downstage | [ as adj. ] : the downstage area.
downstairs
down |stairs ▶adverb |daʊnˈstɛːz |down a flight of stairs: I tripped over the cat and fell downstairs. • on or to a lower floor: we were waiting for you downstairs | she called him downstairs. ▶adjective |ˈdaʊnstɛːz | [ attrib. ] situated downstairs: the downstairs loo. ▶noun |ˈdaʊnstɛːz |the ground floor or lower floors of a building: the downstairs was hardly damaged at all.
downstate
downstate |ˈdaʊnsteɪt |US ▶adjective & adverb of, in, or to a part of a state that is remote from its large cities, especially the southern part. ▶noun [ mass noun ] a remote part of a state. DERIVATIVES downstater noun
downstream
down |stream ▶adverb |daʊnˈstriːm | & adjective |ˈdaʊnstriːm | situated or moving in the direction in which a stream or river flows: [ as adv. ] : the bridge spanned the river just downstream of the rail line | [ as adj. ] : deforestation could have disastrous consequences for downstream regions. • Biology situated in or towards the part of a sequence of genetic material where transcription takes place later than at a given point. • at a stage in the process of gas or oil extraction and production after the raw material is ready for refining.
downstroke
down |stroke |ˈdaʊnstrəʊk | ▶noun a stroke made downwards: he writes the figure seven with a line through the downstroke.
downswing
down |swing |ˈdaʊnswɪŋ | ▶noun 1 another term for downturn. 2 Golf the downward movement of a club when the player is about to hit the ball.
downtempo
down |tempo ▶adjective & adverb Music played at a slow tempo.
down-the-line
down-the-line ▶adjective informal thorough and uncompromising: the party avoids down-the-line support of unions.
downthrow
downthrow |ˈdaʊnθrəʊ |Geology ▶verb ( past downthrew; past participle downthrown ) [ with obj. ] displace (a rock formation ) downwards. ▶noun a downward displacement of rock strata.
down timber
down tim ber ▶noun fallen trees brought down by wind, storm, or other natural agency.
downtime
down time ▶noun [ mass noun ] time during which a machine, especially a computer, is out of action or unavailable for use. • N. Amer. time when one is not working or active: everyone needs downtime to unwind.
down to earth
down to earth ▶adjective with no illusions or pretensions; practical and realistic: a down-to-earth view of marriage. DERIVATIVES down-to-earthness noun
downtown
downtown chiefly N. Amer. ▶adjective |ˈdaʊntaʊn |in or relating to the central part or main business and commercial area of a town or city: downtown Chicago | a downtown bar. ▶adverb |daʊnˈtaʊn |in or into a downtown area: I drove downtown. ▶noun |ˈdaʊntaʊn |the downtown area of a town or city: the heart of Pittsburgh's downtown. DERIVATIVES downtowner noun
downtrend
down |trend |ˈdaʊntrɛnd | ▶noun a downward tendency, especially in economic matters.
downtrodden
down |trod ¦den |ˈdaʊntrɒd (ə )n | ▶adjective oppressed or treated badly by people in power: a downtrodden proletarian struggling for social justice.
downturn
down |turn |ˈdaʊntəːn | ▶noun a decline in economic, business, or other activity: a downturn in the housing market. ▶verb |ˈdaʊntəːn | [ with obj. ] (usu. as adj. downturned ) turn (something ) downwards: his downturned mouth.
down under
down under informal ▶adverb in or to Australia or New Zealand: take a flight down under in September. ▶noun (also Down Under ) Australia and New Zealand: a girl from down under. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: with reference to the position of these countries on a globe.
downward
down |ward |ˈdaʊnwəd | ▶adverb (also downwards ) towards a lower place or level: he was lying face downward | the floor sloped downwards. ▶adjective moving or leading towards a lower place or level: a downward trend in inflation. ORIGIN Middle English: shortening of Old English adūnweard.
downwardly
down |ward ¦ly ▶adverb towards a lower level; in a downward direction. PHRASES downwardly mobile see mobile.
downwarp
downwarp |ˈdaʊnwɔːp |Geology ▶noun a broad depression of the earth's surface. ▶verb [ with obj. ] displace (a rock formation ) downwards so as to form a downwarp.
downwash
down |wash |ˈdaʊnwɒʃ | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the downward deflection of an airstream by an aircraft wing or helicopter rotor blade.
downwelling
down |well |ing |ˈdaʊnwɛlɪŋ | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the downward movement of fluid, especially in the sea, the atmosphere, or deep in the earth. ▶adjective characterized by or undergoing downwelling.
downwind
down |wind |daʊnˈwɪnd | ▶adverb & adjective in the direction in which the wind is blowing: [ as adv. ] : warnings were issued to people living downwind of the fire | [ as adj. ] : downwind landings.
downwinder
downwinder |daʊnˈwɪndə | ▶noun chiefly US a person living downwind of a nuclear test site or reactor, where the risk from fallout or radiation leaks is greatest.
downy
downy |ˈdaʊni | ▶adjective ( downier, downiest ) 1 covered with fine, soft hair or feathers: the baby's downy cheek. • soft and fluffy: pale downy hair. • filled with soft feathers: a downy pillow. 2 dated (of a person ) shrewd; sharp: I told you she was a downy one.
downy mildew
downy mil ¦dew ▶noun [ mass noun ] mildew on a plant which is marked by a whitish down composed of spore-forming hyphae, penetrating more deeply into the plant than powdery mildew. ●Family Peronosporaceae, subdivision Mastigomycotina.
downy woodpecker
down y wood peck er ▶noun a widespread small North American woodpecker with a short bill, black and white plumage, and (on the male ) a red patch on the back of the head. [Picoides pubescens, family Picidae. ] downy woodpecker
downzone
down |zone |ˈdaʊnzəʊn | ▶verb [ with obj. ] N. Amer. assign (land or property ) to a zoning grade under which the permitted density of housing and development is reduced.
American Oxford Thesaurus
down
down 1 adverb 1 they went down in the elevator: toward a lower position, downward, downstairs. ANTONYMS up. 2 she fell down: to the ground, to the floor, over. ANTONYMS up. ▶preposition 1 the elevator plunged down the shaft: to a lower position in, to the bottom of. 2 I walked down the street: along, to the other end of, from one end of —— to the other. 3 down the years: throughout, through, during. ▶adjective 1 I'm feeling a bit down: depressed, sad, unhappy, melancholy, miserable, wretched, sorrowful, gloomy, dejected, downhearted, despondent, dispirited, low; informal blue, down in the dumps, down in /at the mouth. ANTONYMS elated. 2 the computer is down: not working, inoperative, malfunctioning, out of order, broken; not in service, out of action, out of commission; informal conked out, bust, busted, (gone ) kaput, on the fritz, on the blink. ANTONYMS working. ▶verb informal 1 antiaircraft missiles downed the fighter jet: knock down /over, knock to the ground, bring down, topple; informal deck, floor, flatten. 2 he downed his beer: drink (up /down ), gulp (down ), guzzle, quaff, drain, chugalug, slug, finish off; informal knock back, put away, scarf (down /up ).▶noun the ups and downs of running a business: setbacks, upsets, reverses, reversals, mishaps, vicissitudes; informal glitches. PHRASES be down on informal why do you have to be down on your parents all the time? disapprove of, be against, feel antagonism to, be hostile to, feel ill will toward; informal have it in for.
down
down 2 noun goose down: soft feathers, fine hair; fluff, fuzz, floss, lint.
down-and-out
down-and-out adjective she had not forgotten what it felt like to be a down-and-out teenager: destitute, poverty-stricken, impoverished, penniless, insolvent, impecunious; needy, in straitened circumstances, distressed, badly off; homeless, on the streets, vagrant, sleeping rough; informal hard up, (flat ) broke, strapped (for cash ), without a red cent, on skid row. ANTONYMS wealthy. ▶noun the down-and-outs crowd the subway stations when the weather is bad: poor person, pauper, indigent; beggar, homeless person, panhandler, vagrant, tramp, drifter, derelict, vagabond, hobo; informal have-not, bag lady, bum.
down-at-heel, down-at-the-heel(s)
down-at-heel, down-at-the-heel (s ) adjective 1 the resort looks down-at-the-heels: run-down, dilapidated, neglected, uncared-for; seedy, insalubrious, squalid, slummy, wretched; informal scruffy, scuzzy, flea-bitten. 2 a down-at-heel laborer: scruffy, shabby, ragged, tattered, mangy, sorry; unkempt, bedraggled, disheveled, ungroomed, seedy, untidy, slovenly; informal tatty, scuzzy, grungy; raggedy. ANTONYMS smart, stylish.
downbeat
downbeat adjective the mood is decidedly downbeat: pessimistic, gloomy, negative, defeatist, cynical, bleak, fatalistic, dark, black; despairing, despondent, depressed, dejected, demoralized, hopeless, melancholy, glum.
downcast
downcast adjective it's too nice a day to be looking so downcast: despondent, disheartened, discouraged, dispirited, downhearted, crestfallen, down, low, disconsolate, despairing; sad, melancholy, gloomy, glum, morose, doleful, dismal, woebegone, miserable, depressed, dejected; informal blue, down in /at the mouth, down in the dumps. ANTONYMS elated.
downfall
downfall noun the downfall of Napoleon III in 1870: undoing, ruin, ruination; defeat, conquest, deposition, overthrow; nemesis, destruction, annihilation, elimination; end, collapse, fall, crash, failure; debasement, degradation, disgrace; Waterloo. ANTONYMS rise.
downgrade
downgrade verb 1 plans to downgrade three workers: demote, lower, reduce /lower in rank; relegate. ANTONYMS promote. 2 I won't downgrade their achievement: disparage, denigrate, detract from, run down, belittle; informal badmouth, dis. ANTONYMS praise.
downhearted
downhearted adjective of the children, little Robbie was the most downhearted: despondent, disheartened, discouraged, dispirited, downcast, crestfallen, down, low, disconsolate, wretched; melancholy, gloomy, glum, morose, doleful, dismal, woebegone, miserable, depressed, dejected, sorrowful, sad; informal blue, down in /at the mouth, down in the dumps. ANTONYMS elated.
download
download verb I downloaded a new version of my browser: load, copy, transfer, upload.
downpour
downpour noun they met when huddled under an awning during a sudden downpour: rainstorm, cloudburst, deluge, shower; thunderstorm, thundershower; torrential /pouring rain.
downright
downright adjective 1 downright lies: complete, total, absolute, utter, thorough, out-and-out, outright, sheer, arrant, pure, real, veritable, categorical, unmitigated, unadulterated, unalloyed, unequivocal. 2 her downright attitude. See forthright. ▶adverb that's downright dangerous: thoroughly, utterly, positively, profoundly, really, completely, totally, entirely; unquestionably, undeniably, in every respect, through and through; informal plain.
downside
downside noun the downside is all the travel, which keeps me from my family: drawback, disadvantage, snag, stumbling block, catch, pitfall, fly in the ointment; handicap, limitation, trouble, difficulty, problem, complication, nuisance; hindrance; weak spot /point; informal minus. ANTONYMS advantage.
down-to-earth
down-to-earth adjective I guess we weren't expecting the son of those weirdos to be so charming and down-to-earth: practical, sensible, realistic, matter-of-fact, responsible, reasonable, rational, logical, balanced, sober, pragmatic, levelheaded, commonsensical, sane. ANTONYMS idealistic.
downtown
downtown noun the tax incentives are designed to bring business back to downtown: city center, (central ) business district, urban core; inner city; informal concrete jungle. ▶adjective downtown shoppers want better parking facilities: central, metropolitan, metro, urban; uptown, midtown.
downtrodden
downtrodden adjective thousands of downtrodden families arrived at the border, only to be turned away: oppressed, subjugated, persecuted, repressed, tyrannized, crushed, enslaved, exploited, victimized, bullied; disadvantaged, underprivileged, powerless, helpless; abused, maltreated.
downward
downward adjective profits are in a downward trend: descending, downhill, falling, sinking, dipping; earthbound, earthward.
downy
downy adjective the downy white fibers of autumn's milkweed: soft, velvety, smooth, fleecy, fluffy, fuzzy, feathery, furry, woolly, silky.
Oxford Thesaurus
down
down 1 adverb 1 they went down in the lift: towards a lower position, downwards, downstairs, towards the bottom, from top to bottom. ANTONYMS up. 2 they're down in the hall: in a lower position, downstairs, at the bottom. 3 she fell down: to the ground, to the floor, over. ▶preposition 1 the lift plunged down the shaft: lower in /on, to the bottom of. ANTONYMS up. 2 I walked down the street: along, throughout the length of, to the other end of, from one end of … to the other, through, across, by way of, via. 3 we have done him many favours down the years: throughout, through, during, in. ▶adjective 1 I'm feeling a bit down: depressed, sad, saddened, unhappy, melancholy, miserable, wretched, sorrowful, gloomy, dejected, downhearted, disheartened, despondent, dispirited, low, in low spirits, low-spirited, heavy-hearted, glum, morose, dismal, downcast, cast down, tearful; informal blue, down in the dumps, down in the mouth, fed up. ANTONYMS elated. 2 the computer is down: not working, not functioning, not functional, not in working order, not in operation, inoperative, malfunctioning, out of order, broken, broken-down, acting up, unserviceable, faulty, defective, in disrepair; not in service, unavailable for use, not in use, out of action, out of commission; informal conked out, bust, (gone ) kaput, gone phut, on the blink, gone haywire, shot; Brit. informal knackered, jiggered, wonky; N. Amer. informal on the fritz, out of whack; Brit. vulgar slang buggered. ANTONYMS working. ▶verb informal 1 he struck Slater on the face, downing him: knock down, knock over, knock to the ground, throw to the ground, bring down, bring to the ground, fell, topple, prostrate, tackle, trip up; informal deck, floor, flatten. 2 he downed his pint of beer: drink (up /down ), gulp (down ), guzzle, quaff, drain, imbibe, sup, slurp, suck, sip, swallow, finish off, polish off; informal sink, swig, swill (down ), toss off, slug, knock back, put away, kill; N. Amer. informal scarf (down /up ), snarf (down /up ); rare ingurgitate. ▶noun 1 (downs ) the ups and downs of running a business: setbacks, upsets, reverses, reversals, reversals of fortune, downturns, mishaps, strokes of ill luck, strokes of bad luck, accidents, shocks, vicissitudes, crises, catastrophes, tragedies, calamities, trials, crosses, knocks, burdens, blows, buffets; informal glitches, (double ) whammies, knock-backs; archaic foils. ANTONYMS ups. 2 he's having a bit of a down at the moment: fit of depression, period of despondency; informal the blues, the dumps, one's black dog, a low; N. Amer. informal the blahs, a funk, a blue funk; informal, dated the mopes; literary dolour; archaic the megrims. ANTONYMS high. PHRASES have a down on informal poor Fairfax, I think they had a down on him: disapprove of, be against, be prejudiced against, be set against, bear a grudge towards, show antagonism to, be hostile to, show /feel ill will towards; persecute, pick on, push around /about, lean on, bully, abuse, discriminate against, ill-treat, mistreat, maltreat, harass, hound, torment, terrorize, torture, punish unfairly; informal get at, have it in for, be down on, give someone a hard time, hassle, needle, get on someone's back, make things hot for someone.
down
down 2 noun the young puffin stopped preening tufts of grey down from its feathers: soft feathers, fluff, fuzz, floss, lint, bloom, fine hair, nap, pile.
down and out
down and out adjective a novel about being down and out on the streets of London: destitute, poverty-stricken, impoverished, indigent, penniless, insolvent, impecunious, ruined, pauperized, without a penny to one's name, without two farthings /pennies to rub together; needy, in need, in want, hard up, on the breadline, hard-pressed, in reduced /straitened circumstances, deprived, disadvantaged, distressed, badly off; beggarly, beggared; homeless, without a roof over one's head, on the streets, of no fixed abode /address, vagrant, sleeping rough, living rough; unemployed, jobless, out of a job, workless, redundant, laid off, idle, between jobs; informal on one's uppers, up against it, broke, flat broke, strapped (for cash ), without a brass farthing, without a bean, without a sou, as poor as a church mouse, on one's beam-ends; Brit. informal stony broke, skint, boracic (lint ), on the dole, signing on, ‘resting ’; N. Amer. informal stone broke, without a red cent, on skid row; Austral. informal on the wallaby track; formal penurious. ANTONYMS wealthy, well heeled. ▶noun (down-and-out ) he gave his packed lunch to a hungry down-and-out: poor person, pauper, indigent, bankrupt, insolvent; beggar, mendicant; homeless person, vagrant, tramp, drifter, derelict, vagabond, person of no fixed address /abode, knight of the road, bird of passage, rolling stone; unemployed person, job-seeker; N. Amer. hobo; Austral. bagman, knockabout, overlander, sundowner, whaler; informal have-not, dosser, bag lady; N. Amer. informal bum, bindlestiff; Austral. /NZ informal derro; S. African informal outie; (down-and-outs ) the poor, the destitute, the needy, the homeless, the unemployed.
down at heel
down at heel adjective 1 the whole resort now looks down at heel: run down, dilapidated, in disrepair, neglected, uncared-for, unmaintained, depressed; seedy, insalubrious, squalid, sleazy, slummy, seamy, sordid, dingy, mean, wretched; informal crummy, scruffy, scuzzy, grungy; Brit. informal grotty; N. Amer. informal shacky, skanky. 2 a down-at-heel English journalist lived nearby: scruffy, shabby, shabbily dressed, poorly dressed, shoddy, ragged, out at elbows, tattered, mangy, sorry, disreputable; unkempt, bedraggled, messy, dishevelled, ungroomed, ill-groomed, sleazy, seedy, slatternly, untidy, slovenly; dirty, squalid, filthy; informal tatty, the worse for wear, scuzzy, grungy, yucky; Brit. informal grotty; N. Amer. informal raggedy. ANTONYMS smart, stylish.
downbeat
downbeat adjective 1 the overall mood is decidedly downbeat: pessimistic, gloomy, negative, defeatist, gloom-ridden, cynical, bleak, fatalistic, dark, black, despairing, despondent, depressed, dejected, demoralized, hopeless, melancholy, glum, lugubrious, suspicious, distrustful, doubting, alarmist; informal given to looking on the black side. ANTONYMS upbeat. 2 the songs are full of downbeat joviality: relaxed, easy-going, equable, free and easy, easy, at ease, casual, informal, nonchalant, insouciant, understated, inconspicuous, low-key, subdued, discreet, muted, subtle, played down, toned down, unostentatious, blasé, cool; informal laid-back, unflappable, together.
downcast
downcast adjective Morgan was understandably downcast following Scotland's defeat: despondent, disheartened, discouraged, dispirited, downhearted, low-spirited, in low spirits, hopeless, cast down, crestfallen, down, low, disconsolate, in despair, despairing, wretched, oppressed; sad, melancholy, gloomy, glum, morose, doleful, dismal, woebegone, miserable, depressed, dejected, distressed, sorrowful; defeatist, pessimistic; informal blue, down in the mouth, down in the dumps, as sick as a parrot. ANTONYMS elated.
downfall
downfall noun the downfall of Napoleon III in 1870: undoing, ruin, ruination, loss of power /prosperity /status; defeat, conquest, vanquishing, toppling, deposition, ousting, unseating, overthrow, nemesis, destruction, annihilation, elimination, end, collapse, fall, crash, failure, debasement, degradation, disgrace; Waterloo; rare labefaction. ANTONYMS rise; salvation; survival.
downgrade
downgrade verb 1 there were plans to make six staff redundant and to downgrade three others: demote, lower, lower in status, reduce /lower in rank, reduce in importance; relegate; N. Amer. informal bust; archaic degrade. ANTONYMS upgrade, promote. 2 I have no wish to downgrade their achievement: disparage, denigrate, detract from, run down, decry, belittle, make light of, minimize, defame; N. Amer. informal bad-mouth. ANTONYMS praise; talk up.
downhearted
downhearted adjective Stirling was obviously downhearted, but he did not show it: despondent, disheartened, discouraged, dispirited, downcast, low-spirited, in low spirits, hopeless, cast down, crestfallen, down, low, disconsolate, in despair, despairing, wretched, oppressed; melancholy, gloomy, glum, morose, doleful, dismal, woebegone, miserable, depressed, dejected, distressed, sorrowful, sad; defeatist, pessimistic; informal blue, down in the mouth, down in the dumps, as sick as a parrot. ANTONYMS elated.
downmarket
downmarket adjective the quality papers and the downmarket tabloids: cheap, cheap and nasty, inferior, rubbishy; low-class, lowbrow, uncultured, unsophisticated, rough, poor, insalubrious, unfashionable, disreputable; informal tacky, dumbed down. ANTONYMS upmarket, smart.
downpour
downpour noun the drizzle was becoming a downpour: rainstorm, cloudburst, torrent of rain, deluge; thunderstorm; torrential /pouring rain.
downright
downright adjective 1 smears, half-truths, and downright lies: complete, total, absolute, utter, thorough, perfect, out-and-out, outright, thoroughgoing, all-out, sheer, positive, rank, pure, dyed-in-the-wool, deep-dyed, real, veritable, consummate, categorical, unmitigated, unqualified, unadulterated, unalloyed, unconditional, unequivocal; Brit. informal right, proper; archaic arrant. ANTONYMS partial; anything but. 2 a true downright character who did not care a damn for her: frank, direct, straightforward, straight, straight to the point, blunt, plain-spoken, outspoken, forthright, uninhibited, unreserved, point blank, no-nonsense, matter-of-fact, bluff, undiplomatic, tactless; explicit, clear, plain, unequivocal, unambiguous, unqualified, categorical; honest, candid, open, sincere; not afraid to call a spade a spade, no beating around the bush, speaking as one finds; informal straight from the shoulder, upfront. ANTONYMS devious. ▶adverb suppressing emotions is downright dangerous: thoroughly, utterly, positively, simply, profoundly, really, absolutely, completely, totally, entirely, perfectly, properly, consummately, surpassingly, unconditionally, unreservedly, categorically, incontrovertibly, unquestionably, undeniably, in every respect, through and through, outright; informal plain, clean. ANTONYMS slightly; not at all.
downside
downside noun the downside is that getting a patent costs big money: snag, drawback, disadvantage, stumbling block, catch, pitfall, fly in the ointment; handicap, limitation, trouble, difficulty, problem, complication, liability, nuisance; hindrance, obstacle, impediment; weak spot /point, weakness, flaw, defect, fault; informal minus, flip side, hiccup; Brit. informal spanner in the works; N. Amer. informal monkey wrench in the works. ANTONYMS benefit, advantage.
down-to-earth
down-to-earth adjective she seemed a good, down-to-earth type: practical, sensible, realistic, matter-of-fact, responsible, full of common sense, reasonable, rational, logical, sound, balanced, sober, no-nonsense, pragmatic, level-headed, serious-minded, businesslike, commonsensical, hard-headed, sane, mundane, unromantic, unidealistic. ANTONYMS idealistic; dreamy.
downtrodden
downtrodden adjective they kept alive the spirit of a downtrodden nation during centuries of foreign occupation: oppressed, subjugated, persecuted, subdued, repressed, tyrannized, ground down, crushed, enslaved, burdened, weighed down, exploited, disadvantaged, underprivileged, victimized, bullied, browbeaten, under the heel, powerless, helpless, prostrate; abused, misused, maltreated, ill-treated.
downward
downward adjective the downward flow of water: descending, downhill, falling, sinking, going down, moving down, sliding, slipping, dipping, earthbound, earthward. ANTONYMS upward. WORD LINKS downward cata- related prefix, as in catastrophe, catadromous Word Links sections supply words that are related to the headword but do not normally appear in a thesaurus because they are not actual synonyms.
downy
downy adjective I stroked the downy hair on my tiny son's head: soft, velvety, smooth, fleecy, fluffy, fuzzy, feathery, furry, woolly, silky, silken, satiny. ANTONYMS rough; wiry.
Duden Dictionary
down
down Adjektiv umgangssprachlich |da͜un |indeklinables Adjektiv englisch down, eigentlich = hinunter sich körperlich, psychisch auf einem Tiefstand befindend; zerschlagen, ermattet; niedergeschlagen, bedrückt down sein
Downer
Dow ner Substantiv, maskulin Jargon , der |ˈda͜unɐ |der Downer; Genitiv: des Downers, Plural: die Downer Tranquilizer
Downgrade
Down grade Substantiv, Neutrum Wirtschaft , das |ˈda͜ungreɪd |englisch Verschlechterung des Ratings 2
Downhill
Down hill Substantiv, Neutrum oder Substantiv, maskulin , das oder der |ˈda͜unhɪl |das oder der Downhill; Genitiv: des Downhills, Plural: die Downhills englisch downhill, Substantivierung von: downhill = bergab, aus: down = abwärts und hill = Hügel, Berg reines Abfahrtsrennen mit speziell zu diesem Zweck entwickelten Mountainbikes sie sorgte im Downhill der Damen für eine Überraschung
Downing Street
Dow ning Street Substantiv, feminin , die |ˈdaʊnɪŋ striːt |die Downing Street; Genitiv: der Downing Street nach dem englischen Diplomaten Sir George Downing 1 Straße in London mit dem Amtssitz des britischen Premierministers [im Haus Nr. 10 ] die Downing Street wurde abgeriegelt 2 ohne Artikel die britische Regierung Downing Street hat sich zu dieser Frage noch nicht geäußert
Download
Down load Substantiv, maskulin oder Substantiv, Neutrum EDV , der oder das |ˈda͜unloʊd |der, selten das Download; Genitiv: des Downloads, Plural: die Downloads englisch download, downloaden 1 das Herunterladen 2 Software, Datei o. Ä., die von einem Server heruntergeladen werden kann oder heruntergeladen wurde wo findet man die neuesten Downloads? | geben Sie an, in welchem Verzeichnis Sie Ihre Downloads speichern wollen
downloaden
down loa den schwaches Verb EDV |ˈda͜unloʊdn̩ |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « englisch to download = herunterladen herunterladen hast du das neue Update schon downgeloadet?
Downloadshop
Down load shop , Down load-Shop Substantiv, maskulin EDV , der Download-Shop |ˈda͜unloʊdʃɔp ˈda͜unloʊdʃɔp |Website, über die ein Unternehmen Waren oder Dienstleistungen im Internet zum Download anbietet
Down-Quark
Down-Quark Substantiv, Neutrum Kernphysik , das |ˈda͜unkwɑːk |das Down-Quark; Genitiv: des Down-Quarks, Plural: die Down-Quarks englisch ; vgl. Quark Elementarteilchen, das zusammen mit dem Up-Quark als Bestandteil von Proton und Neutron in der stabilen Materie vorkommt
downshiften
down shif ten schwaches Verb bildungssprachlich |ˈda͜unʃɪftn̩ |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « (besonders im Berufsleben ) sich mäßigen, zur Ruhe kommen, entspannen und dadurch bewusst auf Aufstieg, Konsum und Luxus o. Ä. verzichten
Downshifter
Down shif ter Substantiv, maskulin , der
Downshifterin
Down shif te rin Substantiv, feminin , die
Downshifting
Down shif ting Substantiv, Neutrum bildungssprachlich , das |ˈda͜unʃɪftɪŋ |das Downshifting; Genitiv: des Downshiftings, Plural: die Downshiftings zu amerikanisch to downshift = herunterschalten, zurückschalten, zu: shift = Schaltung das Downshiften
downsizen
down si zen schwaches Verb umgangssprachlich |ˈda͜unsa͜izn̩ |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « englisch to downsize = verschlanken reduzieren, kürzen, verkleinern das Unternehmen wurde downgesizt
Downsizing
Down si zing Substantiv, Neutrum Wirtschaft , das |ˈda͜unsa͜izɪŋ |das Downsizing; Genitiv: des Downsizings englisch downsizing, zu: to downsize = verkleinern, verschlanken, aus: down = hinunter und size = Größe (meist mit [sozial verträglichem ] Arbeitsplatzabbau verbundene ) Verkleinerung eines Unternehmens und Verminderung seiner Aufgabenbereiche durch Gründung von Tochtergesellschaften, durch Outsourcing u. Ä.
Downsyndrom
Down syn drom, Down-Syn drom Substantiv, Neutrum , das Down-Syndrom |ˈda͜un … ˈda͜un …|ohne Plural ohne Plural nach dem britischen Arzt J. L. H. Down (1828 –1896 )Krankheitsbild, das genetisch bedingt und durch teils schwerwiegende Entwicklungshemmungen und Veränderungen des Erscheinungsbildes eines Menschen gekennzeichnet ist
Downtown
Down town Substantiv, feminin , die |ˈda͜unta͜un |die Downtown; Genitiv: der Downtown, Plural: die Downtowns < meist ohne Artikel > englisch-amerikanisch downtown, aus: down = hinunter (nach ) und town = Stadt Stadtzentrum, Innenstadt (besonders von nordamerikanischen Städten )
Down Under
Down Un der |da͜un ˈandɐ |Genitiv: Down Unders englisch, eigentlich = (von, nach ) ganz unten, bezogen auf die Lage Australiens auf dem Globus Australien [und Neuseeland ] Praktikum und Studium in Down Under
French Dictionary
downloader
downloader Anglicisme pour télécharger. : Il est facile de télécharger (et non *downloader ) ce logiciel.
downsizing
downsizing FORME FAUTIVE Anglicisme pour réduction de l ’effectif, rationalisation.
Spanish Dictionary
Down
Down VÉASE síndrome de Down .
Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary
down
down 1 /daʊn /〖語源は 「丘の下へ 」; 古い英語ではdownは 「丘 」の意味 〗副詞 (比較級なし; 最上級は ｟まれ ｠downmost )【低い方へ 】1 下へ , 低い方へ , 降りて, 沈んで; (上から )下 [地面, 階下 ]に (↔up )▸ come [jump ] down off the ladder はしごから降りる [飛び降りる ]▸ look down into the box 箱の中をのぞき込む ▸ step down from the front door 玄関から一歩踏み出す ▸ put a jacket down ジャケットを脱いで置く ▸ The sun [Bob ] is not down yet .まだ太陽は沈んでいない [ボブは (階下に )降りて来ていない ]2 座って , 横になって ; 倒れて, 伏せて ▸ You can sit down over there .そちらにお座りください ▸ Why don't you lie down until you feel better? 気分がよくなるまで寝ていてはどうですか ▸ kneel down on the floor 床にひざまずく ｟作文のポイント ｠彼は私のいすに座った .×He sat down my chair .○He sat down on my chair .❢downは座るという運動の方向を示しているだけで, それを 「(いすの )上で 」することを示すonが必要 (→on 前置詞 1a ).【少ない方へ 】3 〖下落 〗(価格 率 品質などが ) «…から /…まで /…だけ » 下がって , 落ちて «from /to /by » (↔up )▸ The crime rate is down by 4 \%.犯罪率が4 \%下がっている ▸ cut the price down 値下げする ▸ The temperature went down to minus 12 °F .気温は華氏マイナス12度まで下がった 4 〖減少 〗(勢い 数量 力などが )減少して , 落ちて; (健康が )衰えて; (人が )落ちぶれて; (機械 システムなどが )故障して, 運休して ▸ turn the light [volume ] down ライトを暗くする [音量を落とす ]▸ Their friendship has cooled down .彼らの友情は冷めてしまった ▸ be $30 down 30ドル使う ▸ Phone lines are down .電話回線が故障している ▸ They scored while we were a man down .こちらが1人少ない間に相手が得点をあげた .5 〘スポーツ 〙(…点 )負けて ;〘 野球 〙アウトになって (out ); 〘アメフト 〙〈ボールが 〉ダウンになって ▸ fight back from two goals down 2ゴール差から反撃する .【下 (縦 )の方向へ 】6 a. «…に向かって » (北から )南へ [に ] «to » (↔up )▸ fly down to San Diego 飛行機で南のサンディエゴに向かう ▸ move down south 南の方角へ引っ越す .b. (クロスワードパズルで )縦に (↔across )▸ 5 down is easy .縦の5は簡単だ .【離れて 】7 a. 向こうへ [に ], 離れて (!位置の高低には関係なく, 話し手から離れることを示す ) ▸ go [walk ] down to the beach 浜辺の方まで [歩いて ]行く ▸ Your mother's down there .君のお母さんならそこにいる b. ｟英 ｠【中心地から 】地方へ ;【大学を 】離れて, 卒業 [退学 ]して «from » (↔up )▸ drive from London down to Dover ロンドンからドーヴァーに向かって車で行く ▸ go [be sent ] down from Cambridge ケンブリッジ大学を卒業する [退学になる ].【限度まで 】8 (重要性 時代 場所などが )限度まで ; 下って , « …から /…に » 至るまで «from /to » ▸ from the Prime Minister down 総理以下全員 ▸ (from the ancient period ) down to the present (古代から )現在に至るまで .【準備ができて 】9 (予定表 リストなどに )名を連ねて ; « …の » 準備ができて «for » ▸ He's got his name down for Eton .彼はイートン校へ入学する予定だ .10 頭金 [手付金 ]として ▸ pay 100,000 yen down on a car 車の頭金として10万円を支払う ▸ no money down 手付金不要 .【主に句動詞で 】11 〖記録 〗書き留めて, 書面に (して )▸ Write your address down here .ここに住所を書いてください 12 〖強意 完了 〗すっかり, 完全に 〈壊す 止まるなど 〉; 徹底的に 〈洗うなど 〉; 最後まで 〈追うなど 〉▸ knock him [cut the tree ] down 彼をなぐり [木を切り ]倒す ▸ shut down the operation 操業を完全に停止する ▸ brush down the coat コートの汚れをブラシですっかり落とす 13 〖継承 〗【上から /下の 】世代 [時代 ]へ ; 下位の人へ «from /to » ▸ The song has been passed down from generation to generation .その歌は世代から世代へと受け継がれてきた .14 〖抑圧 〗押さえつけて, 抑圧して ▸ crack down on gangs ギャングを取り締まる 15 〖始動 〗本気で, 真剣に 〈取りかかるなど 〉▸ set [settle ] down to work 本気で仕事に取り組む 16 〖固定 〗固く締めて, しっかりと ▸ He was tied down to the chair .彼はいすにきつく縛られていた ▸ screw the lid down ふたをしっかり閉める 17 〖飲み込み 〗(飲んで )腹の中に, 飲み込んで ▸ drink the milk down 牛乳を飲んでしまう ▸ force (the ) food down むりやり食べ物を胃の中におさめる be d ò wn and ó ut 1 落ちぶれる, 一文無しになる .2 (競技などで )負ける ; 〘ボクシング 〙ノックアウトされる .be d ó wn to A A 〈事 物など 〉が原因である ; ｟くだけて ｠A 〈人 〉の責任である, せいである .be d ó wn to one's l á st A A 〈金 量など 〉しか残っていない ▸ I'm down to my last few coins .あと硬貨が少し残っているだけだ be [c ò me, g ò ] d ó wn with A ｟くだけて ｠A 〈病気 〉で倒れる ▸ He is down with the flu .彼はインフルエンザで寝込んでいる Down! ｟話 ｠(犬に向かって )お座り!d ó wn through A ｟書 ｠A 〈長い期間 〉の間, ずっと .d ò wn ú nder ｟くだけて ｠地球の下側で [に ]; オーストラリア [ニュージーランド ]で [に ] (!英国から見て地図上で下の場所をさして; ↓Down Under ) .D ó wn with A! ｟話 ｠Aをやっつけろ [下ろせ ]! (!downの前の 動詞 が省略された命令文で, スローガンなどで用いる ) ▸ Down with bureaucracy! 官僚政治打倒 前置詞 1 …を下って , …の下の方に ; 〈川 〉の下流へ [に ]; (長さ 距離が )…だけ下に (↔up )▸ The car started to roll down the hill .その車は坂を転がり始めた ▸ climb [go ] down the ladder はしごを降りる ▸ Blood was pouring down her face .彼女の顔を血が滴り落ちていた ▸ float five miles down the river 川の5マイル下流まで漂う .2 〈通路など 〉に沿って , …の向こうの方へ (!話し手から離れて行く方向をさし, 位置の高低には関係ない ) ▸ Go down the hallway to the left .廊下をずっと進んで左に曲がってください ▸ He lives just [ten minutes ] down the road from here .彼はここから道をちょっと [10分 ]行った所に住んでいる コーパスの窓 動作の方向を示すdown downはalongと比べるとcome, drive, walk, run, look, moveなどの動作を表す 動詞 と共によく用いられ, ｟主に米 ｠ではその傾向が強い ▸ walk two blocks [halfway ] down the street 道に沿って2ブロック [途中まで ]歩く 3 〈時代 〉を下って, 通じて ▸ down the ages [years ]昔から [長年の間 ] (ずっと )4 ｟英話 非標準 ｠…へ, …で (to, at ).形容詞 比較なし 1 ｟くだけて ｠〖be ～〗(気持ちが )沈んだ , 参って ▸ You're looking down .落ち込んでいるようだね 2 〖名詞 の前で 〗下への , 下方への ; 下降する; 〈列車などが 〉下りの (!｟主に米 ｠では南方面行き, ｟主に英 ｠では都心から地方へ向かう ) ▸ a down escalator [economy ]下りのエスカレーター [下降する経済 ]▸ take a down train 下り列車に乗る .3 〖be ～〗(試合で ) (相手に )負けている ▸ The team was down 3--0 .チームは3対0でリードされていた .4 〖be ～〗 «…に » 書いてある, 記録されている «on » .5 ｟くだけて ｠(リストの …まで )終える, 進んでいる ▸ “How are your exams going? ” “Three down and two to go. ”「試験はどうだい 」「3つ済んで, あと2つだよ 」6 〖名詞 の前で 〗頭金 [現金 ]の .be d ò wn and d í rty ｟主に米話 ｠卑劣である, やり口がきたない .be d ó wn on A ｟くだけた話 ｠A 〈人 物など 〉をよく思わない, 嫌っている ; Aに腹を立てている .be d ó wn with A 1 ｟俗 ｠Aに賛成である, Aを受け入れる .2 ｟米俗 ｠A 〈人 〉と仲がいい .名詞 C 1 下り, 下り坂 ; 下降 .2 不運, 逆境 ▸ ups and downs 浮き沈み 3 〘アメフト 〙ダウン .h à ve a d ó wn on A ｟英 くだけて ｠Aを嫌う, よく思っていない .動詞 他動詞 1 ｟主に報道 ｠〈飛行機など 〉を撃墜する; 〈木など 〉を (地面に )倒す ; …を降ろす ▸ power lines downed by a storm あらしで引き倒された電線 2 ｟くだけて ｠…を (すばやく )飲む, 飲み込む ; … を食べる ▸ He downed a drink during the interval .合間に彼は飲み物をぐいっと飲み干した 3 〘スポーツ 〙〈相手 〉を負かす, やっつける .自動詞 降りる ; 倒れる ; 墜落する .D -̀ É ast ｟米 ｠New England地方 ; (特に )Maine州 .～̀ p á yment (分割払いの )頭金 .～́ t ì me (コンピュータ 機械などの )作業停止時間 .D -̀ Ú nder オーストラリアとニュージーランド .
down
down 2 名詞 U 1 (鳥の )綿毛, 羽毛, ダウン 〘ジャケットなどの詰め物になる 〙▸ as soft as down 綿毛のように柔らかい 2 うぶ毛, (幼児の )髪の毛 .3 〘植 〙(桃などの表面の )毛, (タンポポ アザミなどの )冠毛 .
down
down 3 名詞 C 1 〖通例 ～s 〗(起伏のある広い )丘陵地帯 (→Downs ).2 (海岸の )砂丘 .
down-and-out
d ò wn-and- ó ut 形容詞 まったく金に詰まった, 落ちぶれた ; (ボクシングで )打ち負かされた ; 衰弱した .名詞 C 落ちぶれた [文無しの ]人, 路上生活者 .
down-at-(the-)heel(s)
d ò wn-at- (the- )h é el (s )形容詞 〈靴が 〉かかとのすり減った ; 〈人が 〉みすぼらしい格好の ; ぼろっちい .
downbeat
d ó wn b è at 名詞 C 〘楽 〙下拍, 強拍 (→upbeat ).形容詞 ｟くだけて ｠悲観的な, 暗たんとした .
downcast
d ó wn c à st 形容詞 ｟書 ｠1 がっかりした, ふさぎ込んだ .2 〈顔などが 〉下を向いた, うつむいた .名詞 1 U C 投げ [引っぱり ]落とすこと, 打倒, 転覆 .2 U C 伏し目, うつむきの姿勢 .3 C 〘鉱 〙通風 [気 ]坑 (↔upcast ).
downdraft
d ó wn dr à ft ｟英 ｠-dr à ught 名詞 C 1 下降気流 ; 吹きおろし .2 (景気 株の )退潮, 下降 .
downer
d ó wn er 名詞 C ｟くだけて ｠1 〖通例 ～s 〗鎮静剤 (↔upper ).2 退屈な人 [もの ].3 (BSEのため立つことができない )へたり牛 .
downfall
d ó wn f à ll 名詞 C 1 〖単数形で 〗(権力 繁栄などからの )転落, 零落, 没落 ; 破滅の原因 ▸ the downfall of an empire 帝国の没落 .2 (雨 雪の )どしゃ降り, 大降り ▸ a heavy downfall of rain [snow ]豪雨 [雪 ].3 ｟英 ｠(狩猟用の )落としわな (｟米 ｠deadfall ).
downgrade
down grade /-́-̀, -̀-́ /名詞 C (道 鉄道の )下り坂, 下り 勾配 （こうばい ）; ｟比喩的に ｠下り坂, 左前 (↔upgrade ).形容詞 副詞 下り坂の [に ]; 下向きの [に ].動詞 /-̀-́, -́-̀ /他動詞 1 «…に » …を格下げする, 降格する «to » (↔upgrade ).2 … (の重要性 名声 評価 )を軽視する .on the d ó wngrade 〈道が 〉下り坂になって ; 〈運 権勢 健康などが 〉下り坂になって .
downhearted
d ò wn h é art ed /-ɪd /形容詞 〖be ～〗気落ちした, 落胆した .～ly 副詞 ～ness 名詞
downhill
d ò wn h í ll 副詞 山の下の方に, 下方へ (downward ). g ò downh í ll 山を下る ; 〈運 健康などが 〉下り坂になる, 衰える ; 堕落する .形容詞 〖通例be ～〗1 下り (坂 )の [で ].2 ｟くだけて ｠(前と比べて )やさしい, 楽な (easy ).名詞 1 U 〘スキー 〙滑降 (競技 ).2 C 下り坂 ▸ It's all downhill from here .ここからはずっと下り坂だ [悪くなる一方だ ]
downhome
d ó wn h ò me 形容詞 ｟米 くだけて ｠(米国 )南部の, 南部っぽい ; 質素で家庭的な, 気さくな, いなか風の .
Downing Street
D ó wn ing Str è et /dáʊnɪŋ -/〖政治家Sir George Downingの名より 〗名詞 1 ダウニング街 〘Londonの官庁街; 首相官邸 (No. 10 )を含む 〙.2 英国政府 [内閣 ].
download
down load /-́-̀ |-̀-́ / (!〘コンピュ 〙) 動詞 他動詞 〈データ 〉をダウンロードする, (インターネットやサーバから )取り込む .名詞 U C ダウンロード ; C ダウンロードしたファイル [プログラム ].
downloadable
d ò wn l ó ad a ble 形容詞 〘コンピュ 〙ダウンロード可能な .
down-market
d ò wn-m á rket 形容詞 副詞 ｟英 ｠低所得者向けの [に ]; 安っぽい, 安っぽく (｟米 ｠downscale )(↔upmarket ).
downplay
d ó wn pl à y 動詞 →play 他動詞 …を (実際より )控えめに言う [思わせる ]; …を過少評価する .
downpour
d ó wn p ò ur 名詞 C 〖通例単数形で 〗(突然の )どしゃ降り, 大雨, 豪雨 .
downrange
d ò wn r á nge 形容詞 副詞 (ミサイルなどが )飛行射程の [に沿って ].
downright
d ó wn r ì ght 副詞 まったく, 完全に (!副詞 形容詞 ともに通例悪いことについていう ) ▸ downright rude まったく無礼な 形容詞 〖名詞 の前で 〗1 まったくの, 完全な ▸ a downright lie まっかなうそ 2 率直な .3 ｟古 ｠真下に向いた .
downriver
d ò wn r í ver 副詞 形容詞 ＝downstream .
Downs
Downs /daʊnz /名詞 ｟英 ｠〖時にd -〗1 〖the ～; 複数扱い 〗ダウンズ, 丘陵地帯 〘英国南部 東南部の白亜層の高原地帯 〙.2 ダウンズ 〘Dover海峡沖の停泊地 〙.
downscale
d ó wn sc à le ｟米 ｠形容詞 低価格 (で低品質 )の .動詞 他動詞 〈組織 計画 〉を縮小する ; …をよりぜいたくでなくす .
downshift
d ó wn sh ì ft 動詞 自動詞 1 ｟米 ｠(車のギアを )シフトダウンする .2 仕事を楽にして生活を楽しむ .他動詞 ｟米 ｠〈ギア 〉をシフトダウンする .名詞 C シフトダウン .
downside
d ó wn s ì de 形容詞 〈商売などが 〉下降気味の .名詞 U 〖時にa ～〗下降気味 ; 否定的な側面 (↔upside ).
downsize
d ó wn s ì ze 動詞 他動詞 〈自動車など 〉を小型化する ; 〈人員 企業規模など 〉を削減する .自動詞 小型化する ; 人員を削減する, リストラする .
downsizing
d ó wn s ì z ing 名詞 U 小型化 ; 人員削減, リストラ .
downspout
d ó wn sp ò ut 名詞 ｟米 ｠＝drainpipe .
Down's syndrome
D ò wn's s ý ndrome /dàʊnz -, ｟英 ｠-́ -̀- /名詞 U 〘医 〙ダウン症候群 〘先天性疾患で, 精神薄弱の一種 〙.
downstage
d ó wn st à ge 名詞 C 舞台の前方, 舞台ばな (↔upstage ).形容詞 副詞 舞台前方の [へ, で ].
downstairs
down stairs /dàʊnstéə r z / (! 副詞 名詞 と 形容詞 で強勢が異なるので注意 ) (!(↔upstairs )) 副詞 比較なし 階下へ [に, で ], 1階へ [に, で ]▸ go downstairs 下へ降りる ▸ Richard is waiting downstairs .リチャードは下の階で待っている .k ì ck A downst á irs A 〈人 〉を家から追い出す ; A 〈人 〉をくびにする, 降格させる .形容詞 /-́-̀ /比較なし 〖名詞 の前で 〗階下の, 1階の ▸ a downstairs room 階下の部屋 名詞 /-̀-́ /C 〖the ～; 単数扱い 〗階下 [1階 ](の部屋 ).
downstate
d ó wn st à te 名詞 U 形容詞 副詞 〖通例D -〗(米国の )州の南部 (の [へ ]).
downstream
d ò wn str é am 形容詞 副詞 流れに沿った [沿って ], 下流の [に ](↔upstream ).
downswing
d ó wn sw ì ng 名詞 1 U C 〘ゴルフ 〙ダウンスイング .2 C 〖通例単数形で 〗(景気 出生率などの )下降傾向 .
downtime
d ó wn t ì me 名詞 U (修繕 事故などによる機械 工場などの )作業中止期間 ; ｟米 くだけて ｠休養期間 .
down-to-earth
d ò wn-to- é arth 形容詞 ｟肯定的に ｠実際的な (practical ), 実質的な, 気取らない .
downtown
down town /dàʊntáʊn, -́-̀ / (!｟主に米 ｠) 副詞 比較なし (都市の )中心部へ [に, で ], 繁華街 [商業地区 ]へ [に, で ], ビジネス街へ [に, で ](↔uptown )▸ go downtown 市の中心部へ行く ▸ eat downtown 繁華街で食事をする 名詞 U C (都市の )中心部 , 繁華街, 商業地区 (｟英 ｠city centre )▸ He took a bus from the airport to downtown .彼は空港から市の中心部までバスに乗った 形容詞 比較なし 〖名詞 の前で 〗(都市の )中心部の, 繁華街 [商業地区 ]の ▸ a luxury hotel in downtown Chicago シカゴ市中心部の豪華ホテル ▸ a downtown pub 繁華街のパブ
downtrend
d ó wn tr è nd 名詞 C ｟米 ｠〖単数形で 〗(景気の )下降傾向 .
downtrodden
d ó wn tr ò dden 形容詞 虐げられた, 抑圧された .
downturn
d ó wn t ù rn 名詞 C 〖通例単数形で 〗 «…の » (景気の )下向き, 沈滞 «in » (↔upturn ).
downward
down ward /dáʊnwə r d /副詞 比較なし ｟主に米 ｠ (!｟英 ｠ではdownwardsが普通 ) 1 下の方へ, 下を向いて, 裏向きで [に ]; 下降へ, 減少へ, 落ち目に (↔upward )▸ a road leading downward to the river その川へ下っていく道 ▸ the body lying face downward うつ伏せに横たわる死体 2 ずっと ▸ from the revolution downward その革命以来ずっと 3 (組織の一番上から )下まですべてにわたって ▸ from the company's president downward その会社の社長をはじめ全社員 形容詞 比較なし 〖通例 名詞 の前で 〗下方への ; 下降の, 減少の, 落ち目の ▸ a downward trend [spiral ]下降傾向 [急降下 ]
downwards
d ó wn wards 副詞 ｟主に英 ｠＝downward .
downwind
d ò wn w í nd 副詞 形容詞 風下へ [の ], 順風の (↔upwind ).
downy
down y /dáʊni /形容詞 1 (綿毛 ダウンなどで )満たされた ; 覆われた .2 (柔らかい毛や産毛などで )覆われた .
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