The Wordsmith Dictionary

Ap *proach ", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Approached; p. pr. & vb. n.Approaching. ] Etym: [OE. approchen, aprochen, OF. approcher, LL. appropriare, fr. L. ad + propiare to draw near, prope near. ]

1. To come or go near, in place or time; to draw nigh; to advance nearer. Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city 2 Sam. xi. 2 . But exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching. Heb. x. 25.

2. To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make advances; to approximate; as, he approaches to the character of the ablest statesman.

APPROACH

APPROACH Ap *proach ", v. t.

1. To bring near; to cause to draw near; to advance. [Archaic ] Boyle.

2. To come near to in place, time, or character; to draw nearer to; as, to approach the city; to approach my cabin; he approached the age of manhood. He was an admirable poet, and thought even to have approached Homer. Temple.

3. (Mil. )

Defn: To take approaches to.

APPROACH

Ap *proach ", n. Etym: [Cf. F. approche. See Approach, v. i.]

1. The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near. "The approach of summer. " Horsley. A nearer approach to the human type. Owen.

2. A access, or opportunity of drawing near. The approach to kings and principal persons. Bacon.

3. pl.

Defn: Movements to gain favor; advances.

4. A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or buildings can be approached; an access. Macaulay.

5. pl. (Fort. )

Defn: The advanced works, trenches, or covered roads made by besiegers in their advances toward a fortress or military post.

6. (Hort. )

Defn: See Approaching.

APPROACHABILITY

APPROACHABILITY Ap *proach `a *bil "i *ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being approachable; approachableness.

APPROACHABLE

APPROACHABLE Ap *proach "a *ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being approached; accessible; as, approachable virtue.

APPROACHABLENESS

APPROACHABLENESS Ap *proach "a *ble *ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being approachable; accessibility.

APPROACHER

APPROACHER Ap *proach "er, n.

Defn: One who approaches.

APPROACHING

APPROACHING Ap *proach "ing, n. (Hort. )

Defn: The act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock; -- called, also, inarching and grafting by approach.

APPROACHLESS

APPROACHLESS Ap *proach "less, a.

Defn: Impossible to be approached.

APPROACHMENT

Ap *proach "ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. approachement.]

Defn: Approach. [Archaic ] Holland.

APPROBATE

Ap "pro *bate, a. Etym: [L. approbatus, p. p. of approbare to approve. ]

Defn: Approved. [Obs. ] Elyot.

APPROBATE

APPROBATE Ap "pro *bate, v. t.

Defn: To express approbation of; to approve; to sanction officially. I approbate the one, I reprobate the other. Sir W. Hamilton.

Note: This word is obsolete in England, but is occasionally heard in the United States, chiefly in a technical sense for license; as, a person is approbated to preach; approbated to keep a public house. Pickering (1816 ).

APPROBATION

Ap `pro *ba "tion, n. Etym: [L. approbatio: cf. F. approbation. See Approve to prove. ]

1. Proof; attestation. [Obs. ] Shak.

2. The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval; sanction; commendation. Many. .. joined in a loud hum of approbation. Macaulay. The silent approbation of one's own breast. Melmoth. Animals... love approbation or praise. Darwin.

3. Probation or novitiate. [Obs. ] This day my sister should the cloister enter, And there receive her approbation. Shak.

Syn. -- Approval; liking; sanction; consent; concurrence. -- Approbation, Approval. Approbation and approval have the same general meaning, assenting to or declaring as good, sanction, commendation; but approbation is stronger and more positive. "We may be anxious for the approbation of our friends; but we should be still more anxious for the approval of our own consciences." "He who is desirous to obtain universal approbation will learn a good lesson from the fable of the old man and his ass. " "The work has been examined by several excellent judges, who have expressed their unqualified approval of its plan and execution. "

APPROBATIVE

Ap "pro *ba *tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. approbatif. ]

Defn: Approving, or implying approbation. Milner.

APPROBATIVENESS

APPROBATIVENESS Ap "pro *ba *tive *ness, n.

1. The quality of being approbative.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: Love of approbation.

APPROBATOR

Ap "pro *ba `tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who approves. [R.]

APPROBATORY

APPROBATORY Ap "pro *ba `to *ry, a.

Defn: Containing or expressing approbation; commendatory. Sheldon.

APPROMT

Ap *promt ", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + promt.]

Defn: To quicken; to prompt. [Obs. ] To appromt our invention. Bacon.

APPROOF

Ap *proof ", n. Etym: [See Approve, and Proof. ]

1. Trial; proof. [Archaic ] Shak.

2. Approval; commendation. Shak.

APPROPINQUATE

Ap `pro *pin "quate, v. i. Etym: [L. appropinquatus, p. p. of appropinquare; ad + prope near. ]

Defn: To approach. [Archaic ] Ld. Lytton.

APPROPINQUATION

Ap `pro *pin *qua "tion, n. Etym: [L. appropinquatio.]

Defn: A drawing nigh; approach. [R.] Bp. Hall.

APPROPINQUITY

Ap `pro *pin "qui *ty, n. Etym: [Pref. ad- + propinquity. ]

Defn: Nearness; propinquity. [R.] J. Gregory.

APPROPRE

Ap *pro "pre, v. t. Etym: [OE. appropren, apropren, OF. approprier, fr. L. appropriare. See Appropriate. ]

Defn: To appropriate. [Obs. ] Fuller.

APPROPRIABLE

Ap *pro "pri *a *ble, a. Etym: [See Appropriate. ]

Defn: Capable of being appropriated, set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular use. Sir T. Browne.

APPROPRIAMENT

APPROPRIAMENT Ap *pro "pri *a *ment, n.

Defn: What is peculiarly one's own; peculiar qualification. [Obs. ] If you can neglect Your own appropriaments. Ford.

APPROPRIATE

Ap *pro "pri *ate, a. Etym: [L. appropriatus, p. p. of appropriare; ad +propriare to appropriate, fr. proprius one's own, proper. See Proper. ]

Defn: Set apart for a particular use or person. Hence: Belonging peculiarly; peculiar; suitable; fit; proper. In its strict and appropriate meaning. Porteus. Appropriate acts of divine worship. Stillingfleet.It is not at all times easy to find words appropriate to express our ideas. Locke.

APPROPRIATE

Ap *pro "pri *ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appropriated; p. pr. & vb. n.Appropriating. ]

1. To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right; as, let no man appropriate the use of a common benefit.

2. To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use, in exclusion of all others; -- with to or for; as, a spot of ground is appropriated for a garden; to appropriate money for the increase of the navy.

3. To make suitable; to suit. [Archaic ] Paley.

4. (Eng. Eccl. Law )

Defn: To annex, as a benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its property. Blackstone.

APPROPRIATE

APPROPRIATE Ap *pro "pri *ate, n.

Defn: A property; attribute. [Obs. ]

APPROPRIATELY

APPROPRIATELY Ap *pro "pri *ate *ly, adv.

Defn: In an appropriate or proper manner; fitly; properly.

APPROPRIATENESS

APPROPRIATENESS Ap *pro "pri *ate *ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being appropriate; peculiar fitness. Froude.

APPROPRIATION

Ap *pro `pri *a "tion, n. Etym: [L. appropriatio: cf. F. appropriation. ]

1. The act of setting apart or assigning to a particular use or person, or of taking to one's self, in exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose, as of a piece of ground for a park, or of money to carry out some object.

2. Anything, especially money, thus set apart. The Commons watched carefully over the appropriation. Macaulay.

3. (Law ) (a ) The severing or sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual corporation. Blackstone. (b ) The application of payment of money by a debtor to his creditor, to one of several debts which are due from the former to the latter. Chitty.

APPROPRIATIVE

APPROPRIATIVE Ap *pro "pri *a *tive, a.

Defn: Appropriating; making, or tending to, appropriation; as, an appropriative act. -- Ap *pro "pri *a *tive *ness, n.

APPROPRIATOR

APPROPRIATOR Ap *pro "pri *a `tor, n.

1. One who appropriates.

2. (Law )

Defn: A spiritual corporation possessed of an appropriated benefice; also, an impropriator.

APPROVABLE

APPROVABLE Ap *prov "a *ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of being approved; meritorious. -- Ap *prov "a *ble *ness, n.

APPROVAL

APPROVAL Ap *prov "al, n.

Defn: Approbation; sanction. A censor. .. without whose approval nTemple.

Syn. -- See Approbation.

APPROVANCE

APPROVANCE Ap *prov "ance, n.

Defn: Approval. [Archaic ] Thomson.

APPROVE

Ap *prove ", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approved; p. pr. & vb. n. Approving. ]Etym: [OE. aproven, appreven, to prove, OF. aprover, F. approuver, to approve, fr. L. approbare; ad + probare to esteem as good, approve, prove. See Prove, and cf. Approbate. ]

1. To show to be real or true; to prove. [Obs. ] Wouldst thou approve thy constancy Approve First thy obedience. Milton.

2. To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show practically. Opportunities to approve. .. worth. Emerson. He had approved himself a great warrior. Macaulay. 'T is an old lesson; Time approves it true. Byron. His account. .. approves him a man of thought. Parkman.

3. To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm; as, to approve the decision of a court-martial.

4. To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased with; to think well of; as, we approve the measured of the administration.

5. To make or show to be worthy of approbation or acceptance. The first care and concern must be to approve himself to God. Rog

Note: This word, when it signifies to be pleased with, to think favorably (of ), is often followed by of. They had not approved of the deposition of James. Macaulay. They approved of the political institutions. W. Black.

APPROVE

Ap *prove ", v. t. Etym: [OF. aprouer; (L. ad ) + a form apparently derived fr. the pro, prod, in L. prodest it is useful or profitable, properly the preposition pro for. Cf. Improve. ] (Eng. Law )

Defn: To make profit of; to convert to one's own profit; said esp. of waste or common land appropriated by the lord of the manor.

APPROVEDLY

APPROVEDLY Ap *prov "ed *ly, adv.

Defn: So as to secure approbation; in an approved manner.

APPROVEMENT

APPROVEMENT Ap *prove "ment, n. [Obs. ]

1. Approbation. I did nothing without your approvement. Hayward.

2. (Eng. Law )

Defn: a confession of guilt by a prisoner charged with treason or felony, together with an accusation of his accomplish and a giving evidence against them in order to obtain his own pardon. The term is no longer in use; it corresponded to what is now known as turning king's (or queen's ) evidence in England, and state's evidence in the United States. Burrill. Bouvier.

APPROVEMENT

Ap *prove "ment, n. (Old Eng. Law )

Defn: Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of the manor. Blackstone.

APPROVER

APPROVER Ap *prov "er, n.

1. One who approves. Formerly, one who made proof or trial.

2. An informer; an accuser. [Obs. ] Chaucer.

3. (Eng. Law )

Defn: One who confesses a crime and accuses another. See 1st Approvement, 2.

APPROVER

Ap *prov "er, n. Etym: [See 2d Approve, v. t.] (Eng. Law )

Defn: A bailiff or steward; an agent. [Obs. ] Jacobs.

APPROVING

APPROVING Ap *prov "ing, a.

Defn: Expressing approbation; commending; as, an approving smile. -- Ap *prov "ing *ly, adv.

APPROXIMATE

Ap *prox "i *mate, a. Etym: [L. approximatus, p. p. of approximare to approach; ad + proximare to come near. See Proximate. ]

1. Approaching; proximate; nearly resembling.

2. Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate; as, approximate results or values. Approximate quantities (Math. ), those which are nearly, but not, equal.

APPROXIMATE

Ap *prox "i *mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approximated; p. pr. & vb. n.Approximating.]

1. To carry or advance near; to cause to approach. To approximate the inequality of riches to the level of nature. Burke.

2. To come near to; to approach. The telescope approximates perfection. J. Morse.

APPROXIMATE

APPROXIMATE Ap *prox "i *mate, v. i.

Defn: To draw; to approach.

APPROXIMATELY

APPROXIMATELY Ap *prox "i *mate *ly, adv.

Defn: With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly.

APPROXIMATION

Ap *prox `i *ma "tion. n. Etym: [Cf. F. approximation, LL. approximatio.]

1. The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing or being near; approach; also, the result of approximating. The largest capacity and the most noble dispositions are but an approximation to the proper standard and true symmetry of human nature. I. Taylor.

2. An approach to a correct estimate, calculation, or conception, or to a given quantity, quality, etc.

3. (Math. ) (a ) A continual approach or coming nearer to a result; as, to solve an equation by approximation. (b ) A value that is nearly but not exactly correct.

APPROXIMATIVE

Ap *prox "i *ma *tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. approximatif. ]

Defn: Approaching; approximate. -- Ap *prox "i *ma *tive *ly, adv. -- Ap *prox "i *ma *tive *ness, n.

APPROXIMATOR

APPROXIMATOR Ap *prox "i *ma `tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, approximates.

New American Oxford Dictionary

appro

appro |ˈaprəʊ | ▶noun (in phrase on appro ) Brit. informal on approval.

approach

ap proach |əˈprōCH əˈproʊtʃ | ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 come near or nearer to (someone or something ) in distance: the train approached the main line | [ no obj. ] : she hadn't heard him approach | (as adj. approaching ) : an approaching car. • come near or nearer to (a future time or event ): he was approaching retirement. • [ no obj. ] (of a future time ) come nearer: the time is approaching when you will be destroyed. • come close to (a number, level, or standard ) in quality or quantity: the population will approach 12 million by the end of the decade. • archaic bring nearer: all those changes shall serve to approach him the faster to the blest mansion. 2 speak to (someone ) for the first time about something, typically with a proposal or request: the department had been approached about funding. 3 start to deal with (something ) in a certain way: one must approach the matter with caution. ▶noun 1 a way of dealing with something: we need a whole new approach to the job. 2 an act of speaking to someone for the first time about something, typically a proposal or request: the landowner made an approach to the developer. • (approaches ) dated behavior intended to propose personal or sexual relations with someone: feminine resistance to his approaches. 3 [ in sing. ] the action of coming near or nearer to someone or something in distance or time: the approach of winter. • (approach to ) an approximation to something: the past is impossible to recall with any approach to accuracy. • the part of an aircraft's flight in which it descends gradually toward an airfield or runway for landing. 4 (usu. approaches ) a road, sea passage, or other way leading to a place: the eastern approach to the town. ORIGIN Middle English: from Old French aprochier, aprocher, from ecclesiastical Latin appropiare ‘draw near, ’ from ad- ‘to ’ + propius (comparative of prope ‘near ’).

approachable

ap proach a ble |əˈprōCHəbəl əˈproʊtʃəbəl | ▶adjective 1 friendly and easy to talk to: managers should be approachable. 2 (of a place ) able to be reached from a particular direction or by a particular means: at night parrotfish are approachable as they sleep in nooks and crannies on the reef. DERIVATIVES ap proach a bil i ty |əˌprōCHəˈbilitē |noun

approach path

ap |proach path ▶noun the path taken by an aircraft coming in to land.

approach road

ap |proach road ▶noun Brit. a road leading up to a particular place or feature.

approach shot

ap proach shot ▶noun Golf a stroke that sends the ball from the fairway onto or nearer to the green.

approbate

ap pro bate |ˈaprəˌbāt ˈæprəbeɪt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] rare approve formally; sanction: a letter approbating the affair. ORIGIN late Middle English: from Latin approbat- ‘approved, ’ from the verb approbare, from ad- ‘to ’ + probare ‘try, test ’ (from probus ‘good ’).

approbation

ap pro ba tion |ˌaprəˈbāSHən ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən | ▶noun formal approval or praise: the opera met with high approbation. DERIVATIVES ap pro ba tive |ˈaprəˌbātiv, əˈprōbətiv |adjective, ap pro ba to ry |əˈprōbəˌtôrē |adjective ORIGIN late Middle English: via Old French from Latin approbatio (n- ), from the verb approbare (see approbate ).

appropriate

ap pro pri ate ▶adjective |əˈprōprē -it əˈproʊpriət |suitable or proper in the circumstances: a measure appropriate to a wartime economy. ▶verb |-ˌāt əˈproʊpriˌeɪt | [ with obj. ] 1 take (something ) for one's own use, typically without the owner's permission: his images have been appropriated by advertisers. 2 devote (money or assets ) to a special purpose: there can be problems in appropriating funds for legal expenses. DERIVATIVES ap pro pri ate ly |-itlē |adverb [ sentence adverb ] : appropriately, the first recital will be given at the festival, ap pro pri ate ness |-itnis |noun, ap pro pri a tor |-ˌātər |noun ORIGIN late Middle English: from late Latin appropriatus, past participle of appropriare ‘make one's own, ’ from ad- ‘to ’ + proprius ‘own, proper. ’

appropriation

ap pro pri a tion |əˌprōprēˈāSHən əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃən | ▶noun 1 the action of taking something for one's own use, typically without the owner's permission: the appropriation of parish funds. • often derogatory the artistic practice or technique of reworking images from well-known paintings, photographs, etc. , in one's own work. 2 a sum of money or total of assets devoted to a special purpose. ORIGIN late Middle English: from late Latin appropriatio (n- ), from appropriare ‘make one's own ’ (see appropriate ).

appropriationist

ap pro pri a tion ist |əˌprōprēˈāSHənist əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃənəst | ▶noun often derogatory an artist whose work contains reworkings of well-known images by other artists: [ as modifier ] : appropriationist art.

approval

ap prov al |əˈpro͞ovəl əˈpruvəl | ▶noun 1 the action of officially agreeing to something or accepting something as satisfactory: the road plans have been given approval | they have delayed the launch to await project approvals. • the belief that someone or something is good or acceptable: step-parents need to win a child's approval. 2 (usu. approvals ) Philately stamps sent by request to a collector or potential customer. PHRASES on approval (of goods ) supplied on condition that they may be returned if not satisfactory. seal (or stamp ) of approval an official statement or indication that something is accepted or regarded favorably.

approve

ap prove |əˈpro͞ov əˈpruv | ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 officially agree to or accept as satisfactory: the budget was approved by Congress | (as adj. approved ) : an approved profit-sharing plan. • [ no obj. ] believe that someone or something is good or acceptable: I don't approve of the way she pampers my father and brothers. 2 archaic prove; show: he approved himself ripe for military command. ORIGIN Middle English: from Old French aprover, from Latin approbare (see approbate ). The original sense was ‘prove, demonstrate, ’ later ‘corroborate, confirm, ’ hence ‘pronounce to be satisfactory ’ (late Middle English ).

approved school

ap |proved school ▶noun Brit. historical a residential institution for young offenders.

approving

ap prov ing |əˈpro͞oviNG əˈpruːvɪŋ | ▶adjective showing or feeling approval of someone or something: the wine drew approving comments from across the table. DERIVATIVES ap prov ing ly adverb

approx.

approx. ▶abbreviation approximate (ly ).

approximant

ap ¦proxi |mant |əˈprɒksɪm (ə )nt | ▶noun 1 Mathematics a function, series, or other expression which is an approximation to the solution of a problem. 2 Phonetics a consonant produced by bringing one articulator (the tongue or lips ) close to another without actually touching it, as in English r and w.

approximate

ap prox i mate ▶adjective |əˈpräksəmit əˈprɑksəmət |close to the actual, but not completely accurate or exact: the calculations are very approximate. ▶verb |-ˌmāt əˈprɑksəˌmeɪt | [ no obj. ] come close or be similar to something in quality, nature, or quantity: a leasing agreement approximating to ownership | [ with obj. ] : reality can be approximated by computational techniques. • [ with obj. ] estimate or calculate (a quantity ) fairly accurately: I had to approximate the weight of my horse. ORIGIN late Middle English (in the adjectival sense ‘close, similar ’): from late Latin approximatus, past participle of approximare, from ad- ‘to ’ + proximus ‘very near. ’ The verb (originally meaning ‘bring close ’) arose in the mid 17th cent. ; the current adjectival sense dates from the early 19th cent.

approximately

ap prox i mate ly |əˈpräksəmətlē əˈprɑːksɪmətli | ▶adverb used to show that something is almost, but not completely, accurate or exact; roughly: a journey of approximately two hours.

approximation

ap prox i ma tion |əˌpräksəˈmāSHən əprɑːksɪˈmeɪʃn | ▶noun a value or quantity that is nearly but not exactly correct: these figures are only approximations. • a thing that is similar to something else, but is not exactly the same: the band smashed up their equipment in an approximation of rock star behavior.

approximative

ap prox i ma tive |əˈpräksəˌmātiv əˈprɑksəmeɪdɪv | ▶adjective (of a method, description, etc. ) giving only an approximation to something: a crudely approximative outline.

Oxford Dictionary

appro

appro |ˈaprəʊ | ▶noun (in phrase on appro ) Brit. informal on approval.

approach

ap |proach |əˈprəʊtʃ | ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 come near or nearer to (someone or something ) in distance or time: the train approached the main line | [ no obj. ] : winter was approaching | (as adj. approaching ) : an approaching car. • come close to (a number, level, or standard ) in quality or quantity: the population will approach 12 million by the end of the decade. • archaic bring nearer: all those changes shall serve to approach him the faster to the blest mansion. 2 speak to (someone ) for the first time about a proposal or request: the department had been approached about funding. 3 start to deal with (a situation or problem ) in a certain way: one must approach the matter with caution. ▶noun 1 a way of dealing with a situation or problem: we need a whole new approach to the job. 2 an initial proposal or request made to someone: the landowner made an approach to the developer. • (approaches ) dated behaviour intended to propose personal or sexual relations with someone: feminine resistance to his approaches. 3 [ in sing. ] the action of coming near or nearer to someone or something in distance or time: the approach of winter. • (approach to ) an approximation to something: the past is impossible to recall with any approach to accuracy. • the part of an aircraft's flight in which it descends gradually towards an airfield or runway for landing. • (usu. approaches ) a road, sea passage, or other way leading to a place: the northern approaches to London. ORIGIN Middle English: from Old French aprochier, aprocher, from ecclesiastical Latin appropiare ‘draw near ’, from ad- ‘to ’ + propius (comparative of prope ‘near ’).

approachable

ap ¦proach |able |əˈprəʊtʃəb (ə )l | ▶adjective 1 friendly and easy to talk to: managers should be approachable. 2 (of a place ) able to be reached from a particular direction or by a particular means: the site is approachable from the roundabout. DERIVATIVES approachability |-ˈbɪlɪti |noun

approach path

ap |proach path ▶noun the path taken by an aircraft coming in to land.

approach road

ap |proach road ▶noun Brit. a road leading up to a particular place or feature.

approach shot

ap |proach shot ▶noun Golf a stroke which sends the ball from the fairway on to or nearer the green.

approbate

approbate |ˈaprəbeɪt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] US rare approve formally; sanction: a letter approbating the affair. ORIGIN late Middle English: from Latin approbat- ‘approved ’, from the verb approbare, from ad- ‘to ’ + probare ‘try, test ’ (from probus ‘good ’).

approbation

ap ¦pro |ba ¦tion |ˌaprəˈbeɪʃ (ə )n | ▶noun [ mass noun ] formal approval or praise: a term of approbation. DERIVATIVES approbative |ˈaprəbeɪtɪv |adjective, approbatory adjective ORIGIN late Middle English: via Old French from Latin approbatio (n- ), from the verb approbare (see approbate ).

appropriate

ap ¦pro |pri ¦ate ▶adjective |əˈprəʊprɪət |suitable or proper in the circumstances: this isn't the appropriate time or place | a measure appropriate to a wartime economy. ▶verb |əˈprəʊprɪeɪt | [ with obj. ] 1 take (something ) for one's own use, typically without the owner's permission: the accused had appropriated the property. 2 devote (money or assets ) to a special purpose: there can be problems in appropriating funds for legal expenses. DERIVATIVES appropriately adverb [ sentence adverb ] : appropriately, the first recital will be given at the festival, appropriateness noun, appropriator |-eɪtə |noun ORIGIN late Middle English: from late Latin appropriatus, past participle of appropriare ‘make one's own ’, from ad- ‘to ’ + proprius ‘own, proper ’.

appropriation

ap ¦pro |pri ¦ation |əˌprəʊprɪˈeɪʃ (ə )n | ▶noun 1 [ mass noun ] the action of appropriating something: dishonest appropriation of property. • the deliberate reworking of images and styles from earlier, well-known works of art. 2 a sum of money allocated officially for a particular use. ORIGIN late Middle English: from late Latin appropriatio (n- ), from appropriare ‘make one's own ’ (see appropriate ).

appropriationist

ap ¦pro |pri ¦ation |ist ▶noun often derogatory an artist whose work contains reworkings of well-known images by other artists: [ as modifier ] : appropriationist art.

approval

ap |prov ¦al |əˈpruːv (ə )l | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the action of approving something: the road schemes have been given approval | [ count noun ] : they have delayed the launch to await project approvals. • the belief that someone or something is good or acceptable: step-parents need to win a child's approval. PHRASES on approval (of goods ) supplied on condition that they may be returned if not satisfactory. seal (or stamp ) of approval an official statement or indication that something is accepted or regarded favourably.

approve

ap |prove |əˈpruːv | ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 officially agree to or accept as satisfactory: the budget was approved by parliament | (as adj. approved ) : places on approved courses. • [ no obj. ] believe that someone or something is good or acceptable: I don't approve of romance | they would not approve. 2 archaic prove; show: he approved himself ripe for military command. ORIGIN Middle English: from Old French aprover, from Latin approbare (see approbate ). The original sense was ‘prove, demonstrate ’, later ‘corroborate, confirm ’, hence ‘pronounce to be satisfactory ’ (late Middle English ).

approved school

ap |proved school ▶noun Brit. historical a residential institution for young offenders.

approving

ap ¦prov |ing |əˈpruːvɪŋ | ▶adjective showing or feeling approval of someone or something: the wine drew approving comments from across the table. DERIVATIVES approvingly adverb

approx.

approx. ▶abbreviation approximate (ly ).

approximant

approximate

ap ¦proxi |mate ▶adjective |əˈprɒksɪmət |close to the actual, but not completely accurate or exact: the approximate time of death. ▶verb |əˈprɒksɪmeɪt | [ no obj. ] come close or be similar to something in quality, nature, or quantity: a leasing agreement approximating to ownership | [ with obj. ] : reality can be approximated by computational techniques. • [ with obj. ] estimate or calculate (a quantity ) fairly accurately: I had to approximate the weight of my horse. DERIVATIVES approximative adjective ORIGIN late Middle English (in the adjectival sense ‘close, similar ’): from late Latin approximatus, past participle of approximare, from ad- ‘to ’ + proximus ‘very near ’. The verb (originally meaning ‘bring close ’) arose in the mid 17th cent. ; the current adjectival sense dates from the early 19th cent.

approximately

ap ¦proxi |mate ¦ly |əˈprɒksɪmətli | ▶adverb used to show that something is almost, but not completely, accurate or exact; roughly: a journey of approximately two hours.

approximation

ap ¦proxi |ma ¦tion |əˌprɒksɪˈmeɪʃn | ▶noun a value or quantity that is nearly but not exactly correct: these figures are only approximations. • a thing that is similar to something else, but is not exactly the same: the band smashed up their equipment in an approximation of rock star behaviour.

American Oxford Thesaurus

approach

approach verb 1 she approached the altar: move toward, come /go toward, advance toward, inch toward, go /come /draw /move nearer, go /come /draw /move closer, near; close in, gain on; reach, arrive at. ANTONYMS leave. 2 the trade deficit is approaching $20 million: border on, verge on, approximate, touch, nudge, near, come near to, come close to. 3 she approached him about leaving his job: speak to, talk to; make advances to, make overtures to, make a proposal to, sound out, proposition. 4 he approached the problem in the best way: tackle, set about, address oneself to, undertake, get down to, launch into, embark on, go about, come to grips with. ▶noun 1 a typical male approach: method, procedure, technique, modus operandi, MO, style, way, manner; strategy, tactic, system, means. 2 the dog barked at the approach of any intruder: advance, coming, nearing; arrival, appearance; advent. 3 the approach to the castle: driveway, drive, access road, road, avenue; way.

approachable

approachable adjective 1 students found the staff approachable: friendly, welcoming, pleasant, agreeable, congenial, affable, cordial; obliging, communicative, helpful. ANTONYMS aloof. 2 the south landing is approachable by boat: accessible, attainable, reachable; informal get-at-able. ANTONYMS inaccessible.

approbation

approbation noun at age 45, he was still seeking his parents' approbation: approval, acceptance, endorsement, appreciation, respect, admiration, commendation, praise, congratulations, acclaim, esteem, applause; consent; rare laudation. ANTONYMS criticism.

appropriate

appropriate adjective this isn't the appropriate time: suitable, proper, fitting, apt, right; relevant, pertinent, apposite; convenient, opportune; seemly, befitting; formal ad rem; archaic meet. ANTONYMS unsuitable. ▶verb 1 the barons appropriated church lands: seize, commandeer, expropriate, annex, arrogate, sequestrate, sequester, take over, hijack. 2 he had allegedly appropriated company funds: steal, take; informal swipe, nab, bag, pinch. 3 his images have been appropriated by advertisers: plagiarize, copy; poach, steal, borrow; informal rip off. 4 we are appropriating funds for these expenses: allocate, assign, allot, earmark, set aside, devote, apportion.

approval

approval noun 1 their proposals went to the board for approval: acceptance, agreement, consent, assent, permission, leave; sanction, endorsement, ratification, authorization, validation; support, backing; informal the go-ahead, the green light, the nod, the rubber stamp, the OK, the say-so, the thumbs up. ANTONYMS refusal. 2 Lily looked at him with approval: approbation, appreciation, favor, liking, admiration, regard, esteem, respect, praise. ANTONYMS dislike.

approve

approve verb 1 his boss doesn't approve of his lifestyle: agree with, endorse, support, back, uphold, subscribe to, recommend, advocate, be in favor of, favor, think well of, like, appreciate, go for, hold with, take kindly to; be pleased with, admire, applaud, praise. ANTONYMS condemn, disapprove. 2 the government approved the proposals: accept, agree to, consent to, assent to, give one's blessing to, bless, rubber-stamp; ratify, sanction, endorse, authorize, validate, pass; support, back; informal give the nod to, give the go-ahead to, give the green light to, give the OK to, give the thumbs-up to. ANTONYMS refuse.

approximate

approximate adjective approximate dimensions: estimated, rough, imprecise, inexact, indefinite, broad, loose; informal ballpark. ANTONYMS precise. ▶verb the sound approximates that of a cow: resemble, be similar to, be not unlike; be /come close to, be /come near to, approach, border on, verge on.

approximately

approximately adverb there are approximately 24 children per classroom: roughly, about, around, circa, more or less, in the neighborhood of, in the region of, of /on the order of, something like, around /round about, give or take (a few ); near to, close to, nearly, almost, approaching; informal pushing, in the ballpark of. ANTONYMS precisely.

approximation

approximation noun 1 the figure is only an approximation: estimate, estimation, guess, rough calculation; informal guesstimate, ballpark figure. 2 an approximation to the truth: semblance, resemblance, likeness, similarity, correspondence.

Oxford Thesaurus

approach

approach verb 1 she approached the altar with her head bowed: proceed towards, come /go towards, advance towards, go near /nearer, come near /nearer, draw near /nearer, come close /closer, go close /closer, draw close /closer, move near /nearer, edge near /nearer, near, draw near; close in on, centre on, focus on, converge on; catch up on, gain on; creep up on, loom; reach, arrive at. ANTONYMS leave. 2 the trade deficit is now approaching £20 million: border on, approximate, verge on, resemble; be comparable /similar to, compare with; touch, nudge, get on for; near, come near to, come /be close to; informal be not a million miles away from. 3 the publishing tycoon approached him about leaving his job: speak to, talk to, make conversation with, engage in conversation; take aside, detain; greet, address, salute, hail, initiate a discussion with; broach the matter to, make advances to, make overtures to, make a proposal to, sound out, proposition, solicit, appeal to, apply to; informal buttonhole. 4 he had approached the whole business in the best way: set about, tackle, begin, start, commence, embark on, make a start on, address oneself to, undertake, get down to, launch into, go about, get to grips with; informal get cracking on. ▶noun 1 the traditional British approach to air pollution control: attitude, slant, perspective, point of view, viewpoint, outlook, line of attack, line of action; method, procedure, process, technique, MO, style, strategy, stratagem, way, manner, mode, tactic, tack, path, system, means; Latin modus operandi. 2 doctors are considering an approach to the High Court: proposal, proposition, submission, motion, offer, application, appeal, plea. 3 (approaches ) dated he found all his approaches repulsed: advances, overtures, suggestions, attentions; suit. 4 at the approach of any intruder, she would raise her wings and screech: advance, coming near /nearer, coming, nearing, advent; arrival, entrance, appearance. 5 this department is our nearest approach to a Ministry of Justice: approximation, likeness, semblance, correspondence, parallel. 6 two riders turned in at the approach to the castle: driveway, drive, access road, road, avenue, street, passageway.

approachable

approachable adjective 1 most students said that they found the staff approachable: friendly, welcoming, pleasant, agreeable, congenial, affable, cordial, well disposed, obliging, communicative, open, hospitable, helpful; informal, easy-going, accessible, available, easy to get on /along with; informal unstuffy. ANTONYMS aloof, unapproachable. 2 the south landing is approachable by boat: accessible, attainable, reachable, obtainable; informal get-at-able, come-at-able. ANTONYMS inaccessible.

approbation

approbation noun he yearned for popular approbation: approval, acceptance, assent, endorsement, encouragement, recognition, appreciation, support, respect, admiration, commendation, congratulations; praise, acclamation, adulation, regard, esteem, veneration, kudos, applause, ovation, accolades, salutes, plaudits; rare laudation. ANTONYMS criticism.

appropriate

appropriate adjective refer to the appropriate page of the atlas | this isn't the appropriate time or place: suitable, proper, fitting, apt; relevant, connected, pertinent, apposite, applicable, germane, material, significant, right, congruous, to the point, to the purpose; convenient, expedient, favourable, auspicious, propitious, opportune, felicitous, timely, well judged, well timed; seemly, befitting, deserved; Latin ad rem; formal appurtenant; archaic meet, seasonable. ANTONYMS inappropriate; irrelevant. ▶verb 1 he acquired resources by appropriating local church lands: seize, commandeer, expropriate, annex, arrogate, sequestrate, sequester, take possession of, take over, assume, secure, acquire, wrest, usurp, claim, lay claim to, hijack. 2 allegations that he had appropriated £40,000 had led to his dismissal: steal, take, misappropriate; thieve, pilfer, pocket, purloin, make off with; embezzle; informal swipe, nab, rip off, lift, filch, snaffle, snitch, bag, walk off /away with, ‘abstract ’, ‘borrow ’, ‘liberate ’; Brit. informal pinch, nick, half-inch, whip, knock off; rare peculate, defalcate. 3 there can be constitutional problems in appropriating funds for these expenses: allocate, assign, allot, earmark, set apart /aside, devote, apportion, budget. 4 his images have been appropriated by advertisers: plagiarize, copy, reproduce; poach, steal, ‘borrow ’, bootleg, infringe the copyright of; informal pirate, rip off, crib, lift. CHOOSE THE RIGHT WORD appropriate, suitable, proper, fitting ■ Something that is appropriate suits a particular situation (she searched for an appropriate word | we need care packages appropriate to people's needs ). The word may convey pleasure or satisfaction at the particular relevance of something (it is appropriate that healing should still be important in the village where the Red Cross was born ), or it can be used if you want to persuade others, by slight subterfuge, to agree with you that something is desirable (we consider it is now appropriate to consult interested individuals and agencies ). Appropriate is often used for something that is socially acceptable (society seems to think it is appropriate for little girls to shed tears ). ■ Suitable is a more general word for things that are right for a particular purpose or occasion, and they need not be the only correct or possible ones (he may be able to find suitable alternative work | the site isn't suitable for residential use ). ■ A proper person or thing may well be the only correct person or thing for a purpose or a job (inquiries should be addressed to the proper officer | medium-sized and larger building firms should carry out proper training ). In this sense, proper is always used before the noun it qualifies. Proper is also used to mean ‘socially acceptable ’ (her parents' view of what was proper for a well-bred girl ). ■ Something that is fitting (the least common word of this group ) is particularly apposite, and usually desirable (his election as president of the society was a fitting tribute | it was very fitting that the late Sgt Day's brother and sister were among the guests ).These notes show fine distinctions in meaning between closely related synonyms to help you find the best word.

approval

approval noun 1 proposals for the licensing system will now go forward to the ministry for approval: acceptance, agreement, consent, assent, acquiescence, compliance, concurrence; blessing, imprimatur, seal /stamp of approval, rubber stamp; sanction, endorsement, ratification, authorization, mandate, licence, validation; confirmation, support, backing; permission, leave; informal the go-ahead, the green light, the OK, the thumbs up, the nod, say-so. ANTONYMS refusal. 2 Lily looked at him with approval: approbation, appreciation, favour, liking, encouragement, support, acceptance; admiration, regard, esteem, respect, commendation, applause, acclaim, acclamation, praise. ANTONYMS disapproval. PHRASES on approval we would be happy to send you a selection on approval: on trial, under probation; on sale or return; Brit. informal on appro.

approve

approve verb 1 his boss doesn't approve of his party-boy lifestyle: agree with, hold with, endorse, support, back, uphold, subscribe to, recommend, advocate, second, express one's approval of, be in favour of, favour, think well of, like, look on with favour, give one's blessing to, tolerate, appreciate, countenance, take kindly to; be pleased with, admire, hold in regard /esteem, commend, embrace, applaud, acclaim, praise; informal go along with. ANTONYMS condemn, disapprove. 2 the government has approved proposals for a new waste law: accept, agree to, consent to, assent to, acquiesce in, concur in, accede to, give one's blessing to, bless, give one's seal /stamp of approval to, rubber-stamp, say yes to; ratify, sanction, endorse, authorize, mandate, license, warrant, validate, pass; confirm, support, back; give one's permission /leave; informal give the go-ahead to, give the green light to, give the OK to, OK, give the thumbs up to, give the nod, say the word, buy. ANTONYMS refuse.

approving

approving adjective Gina paused to pass her approving gaze around the rest of the room: admiring, appreciative, appreciating, favourable, respectful, esteeming, commendatory, commending, applauding, acclamatory, acclaiming, praising, flattering, congratulatory, rapturous; formal encomiastic, eulogistic, laudatory, panegyrical. ANTONYMS critical.

approximate

approximate adjective all measurements are approximate and for guidance only: estimated, rough, imprecise, inexact; near, close; indefinite, broad, loose, general, vague, hazy, fuzzy, woolly; N. Amer. informal ballpark. ANTONYMS precise. ▶verb research shows that this scenario probably approximates to the truth: be close to, be near to, come close to, come near to, approach, border on, verge on, equal roughly; be similar to, resemble, correspond to, compare with, be tantamount to, be not dissimilar to, be not unlike; touch, nudge, get on for. ANTONYMS be nothing like.

approximately

approximately adverb approximately £1 million: roughly, about, around, just about, round about, or so, or thereabouts, more or less, in the neighbourhood of, in the region of, in the area of, in the vicinity of, of the order of, something like, or thereabouts, give or take (a few ), in round numbers, rounded up /down; near to, close to, nearly, not far off, almost, approaching; Brit. getting on for; Latin circa; informal pushing, as near as dammit; N. Amer. informal in the ballpark of; archaic nigh. ANTONYMS precisely.

approximation

approximation noun 1 a general approximation is that a ten degree rise in temperature doubles the rate of reaction: estimate, estimation, guess, conjecture, rough calculation, rough idea, surmise; guesswork; informal guesstimate; N. Amer. informal ballpark figure. 2 we can only look for an approximation to the truth about these matters: semblance, outward appearance, likeness, resemblance, similarity, correspondence, comparison.

Duden Dictionary

Approach

Ap proach Substantiv, maskulin , der |əˈproʊt͜ʃ |englisch approach, zu: to approach = sich nähern < französisch approcher < spätlateinisch appropiare 1 Wissenschaft Annäherung an ein wissenschaftliches Problem; Vorgehensweise; Ansatz er hat einen anderen Approach | ein ganz neuer Approach 2 Werbesprache wirkungsvolle Werbezeile (als Annäherung des Werbenden an den Konsumenten ), besonders Anfang eines Werbetextes, der die Aufmerksamkeit des Konsumenten erregen soll 3 Flugwesen Anflug 1b

Approbation

Ap pro ba ti on Substantiv, feminin , die |Approbati o n |die Approbation; Genitiv: der Approbation, Plural: die Approbationen lateinisch approbatio 1 zur Ausübung des Berufs als Arzt oder Apotheker erforderliche staatliche Bestätigung, Zulassung der Zahnärztin wurde die Approbation erteilt 2 österreichisch behördliche Zulassung eines [Schul ]buches o. Ä. als Unterrichtsmittel eine Formelsammlung beim Unterrichtsministerium zur Approbation einreichen

approbatur

ap pro ba tur |approb a tur |es wird gebilligt Formel der kirchlichen Druckerlaubnis

approbiert

ap pro biert Adjektiv |approb ie rt |als Arzt oder Apotheker zur Berufsausübung staatlich zugelassen, anerkannt ein approbierter Tierarzt

Appropriation

Ap pro p ri a ti on , Ap pro pri a ti on Substantiv, feminin , die |Appropriati o n |lateinisch Zu-, Aneignung, Besitzergreifung

Appropriationsklausel

Ap pro p ri a ti ons klau sel , Ap pro pri a ti ons klau sel Substantiv, feminin , die |Appropriati o nsklausel |die Appropriationsklausel; Genitiv: der Appropriationsklausel Klausel, wonach die Regierung Steuergelder nur zu dem vom Parlament gebilligten Zweck verwenden darf

appropriieren

ap pro p ri ie ren , ap pro pri ie ren schwaches Verb |appropri ie ren |in Besitz nehmen

Approximation

Ap pro xi ma ti on Substantiv, feminin , die |Approximati o n |die Approximation; Genitiv: der Approximation, Plural: die Approximationen mittellateinisch approximatio, zu lateinisch approximare = sich nähern 1 bildungssprachlich Annäherung (an einen bestimmten Zielpunkt o. Ä.)2 Mathematik Näherung, Näherungswert

approximativ

ap pro xi ma tiv Adjektiv bildungssprachlich |approximat i v |angenähert; ungefähr approximative Werte, Angaben | die Preise lauten approximativ wie folgt

Approximativ

Ap pro xi ma tiv Substantiv, Neutrum Sprachwissenschaft , das |Approximat i v |das Approximativ; Genitiv: des Approximativs, Plural: die Approximative Formklasse des Adjektivs, die eine Annäherung ausdrückt vergleichbar deutschen Adjektivbildungen wie rötlich zu rot

French Dictionary

approbateur

approbateur , trice adj. et n. m. et f. adjectif Qui approuve. : Un ton approbateur. SYNONYME favorable . nom masculin et féminin Personne qui approuve. : Les approbateurs ne sont pas nombreux.

approbatif

approbatif , ive adj. adjectif Qui marque l ’approbation. : Un air approbatif.

approbation

approbation n. f. nom féminin Accord. : La directrice a donné son approbation au projet. SYNONYME consentement .

approchable

approchable adj. adjectif Dont on peut approcher, accessible. : Il n ’est pas approchable, ce matin. SYNONYME abordable .

approchant

approchant , ante adj. adjectif Analogue, qui se rapproche de. SYNONYME équivalent ; ressemblant .

approche

approche n. f. nom féminin 1 Action d ’approcher. : L ’oiseau s ’est enfui à mon approche. 2 au pluriel Abords, parages. : Les approches d ’une grande ville. 3 néologisme Angle sous lequel une question, un problème est abordé. : Il faut adopter une nouvelle approche pour étudier cette question. SYNONYME démarche ; optique ; point . Note Technique Cette dernière acception empruntée à la langue militaire anglaise est critiquée par certains auteurs, admise par d ’autres. Il apparaît difficile de se passer de ce néologisme de plus en plus usité et particulièrement bien adapté à la réalité qu ’il traduit. LOCUTIONS Travaux d ’approche. Démarches préliminaires. À l ’approche de. À l ’arrivée de. : Les écureuils cachent des glands à l ’approche de l ’hiver. Note Technique Le nom s ’emploie également au pluriel dans un style plus soutenu. Aux approches de l ’hiver.

approcher

approcher v. tr. , intr. , pronom. verbe transitif direct 1 Mettre plus près de quelque chose. : Approcher un fauteuil de la cheminée. SYNONYME rapprocher . 2 Avoir accès à (une personne connue difficilement accessible ). : Vous avez pu approcher cette vedette! SYNONYME côtoyer . verbe transitif indirect Être sur le point d ’atteindre. : Le gros lot approche de six millions. Nous approchons du village. Note Syntaxique En ce sens, le verbe se construit avec la préposition de. verbe intransitif Devenir proche. : L ’heure approche, il criera avec nous: surprise! SYNONYME arriver ; venir . verbe pronominal S ’avancer, venir près de quelqu ’un, de quelque chose. : Ils se sont approchés de la fenêtre. SYNONYME rapprocher . Note Grammaticale À la forme pronominale, le participe passé de ce verbe s ’accorde toujours en genre et en nombre avec son sujet. Les enfants s ’étaient approchés silencieusement. FORMES FAUTIVES approcher. Anglicisme au sens de pressentir, sonder. : On l ’a pressenti (et non *approché ) pour la présidence. s ’approcher près de. Pléonasme pour s ’approcher de. aimer

approfondir

approfondir v. tr. verbe transitif 1 Rendre plus profond. : Approfondir une tranchée. SYNONYME creuser . 2 figuré Étudier à fond. : Approfondir une question. SYNONYME analyser ; creuser ; examiner ; explorer ; scruter . finir

approfondissement

approfondissement n. m. nom masculin Action d ’approfondir; résultat de cette action. SYNONYME analyse ; examen .

appropriation

appropriation n. f. nom féminin 1 Action de rendre propre à un usage, d ’adapter à une situation. 2 droit Action de s ’attribuer la propriété de quelque chose. : L ’appropriation d ’un bien. 3 figuré Action de faire sien quelque chose, de se donner des moyens d ’agir. : L ’appropriation d ’un pouvoir.

approprié

approprié , ée adj. adjectif Qui convient, pertinent. : Trouvez des solutions appropriées aux problèmes de sécurité. SYNONYME convenable . Note Orthographique a pp ro p rié.

approprier

approprier v. tr. , pronom. verbe transitif Rendre propre à une destination. : Approprier un traitement à l ’âge du malade. SYNONYME adapter . verbe pronominal 1 S ’emparer de. : Les fillettes se sont approprié le ballon. La balle que les fillettes se sont appropriée. 2 figuré Faire sien. : S ’approprier pleinement sa langue. Note Syntaxique On s ’approprie quelque chose (et non *de quelque chose ). Note Grammaticale À la forme pronominale, le participe passé de ce verbe s ’accorde en genre et en nombre avec le complément direct si celui-ci le précède. Les données que ces experts se sont appropriées. Le participe passé reste invariable si le complément direct suit le verbe. Les avocats se sont approprié le dossier. étudier Conjugaison Redoublement du i à la première et à la deuxième personne du pluriel de l ’indicatif imparfait et du subjonctif présent. (Que ) nous appropriions, (que ) vous appropriiez.

approuvable

approuvable adj. adjectif Qui peut être approuvé.

approuver

approuver v. tr. verbe transitif Juger louable, donner raison à quelqu ’un. : J ’approuve votre décision. SYNONYME d ’accord . ANTONYME désapprouver . LOCUTION Lu et approuvé. Formule d ’approbation inscrite au bas d ’un document approuvé. Note Grammaticale Dans cette expression, les participes passés sont invariables. aimer

approvisionnement

approvisionnement n. m. nom masculin 1 Action d ’approvisionner. : L ’approvisionnement de la ville en eau potable. 2 Action de mettre à la disposition de l ’entreprise toutes les matières premières, les produits semi-finis et les produits nécessaires à son activité. 3 Les provisions, les fournitures. Note Orthographique approvisio nn ement.

approvisionner

approvisionner v. tr. , pronom. verbe transitif 1 Fournir ce qui est nécessaire (eau, énergie, provisions, etc. ). : Approvisionner le village en légumes et en fruits frais. 2 Fournir de matières premières, de produits. Se procurer des provisions. : On peut s ’approvisionner en tout temps dans ce dépanneur. Note Grammaticale À la forme pronominale, le participe passé de ce verbe s ’accorde toujours en genre et en nombre avec son sujet. Ils se sont approvisionnés sans difficulté. aimer Note Orthographique approvisio nn er.

approximatif

approximatif , ive adj. adjectif Estimatif. : Le coût approximatif des travaux s ’élève à 3 000 000 $. Note Orthographique appro x imatif.

approximation

approximation n. f. nom féminin Estimation, évaluation par à-peu-près.

approximativement

approximativement adv. adverbe À peu près. Note Orthographique appro x imativement.

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

approach

ap proach /əpróʊtʃ / (! -oa-は /oʊ /) 〖原義は「近くに引き寄せる」〗動詞～es /-ɪz /; ～ed /-t /; ～ing 他動詞 1 〈人乗り物などが〉〈人場所など〉に近づく , 接近する ▸ Bob approached the door .ボブはドアに近づいた (╳… to the doorとしない )▸ The castle can be approached by boat .その城にはボートで行ける 2 〈人などが〉 «…について /…を求めて /…するように » 〈人など〉に (初めて )頼む, 話をもちかける, 接触する «about /for /to do » (!通例進行形にしない ) ▸ He approached me about writing a book .彼が本を書いてみないかと私に話をもちかけてきた ▸ I was approached to write a book .本を書くように打診された ▸ approach a bank for financing 資金調達を銀行に相談する ▸ Tom is difficult to approach .トムは近よりがたい .3 〈人が〉〈出来事時期など〉に近づく, … を迎える ▸ We are approaching the holiday season [end of the year ].休暇シーズン [年の瀬 ]はすぐそこだ .4 〈物事人が〉〈段階状況など〉に到達しようとする, … の域に近づく, …に匹敵する ;〖否定文で〗…には程遠い ▸ Unemployment approaches 50 percent .失業率が50パーセントに達しようとしている 5 〈人が〉〈問題課題など〉に取りかかる, 着手する (tackle ) (!通例様態方法を表す副詞を伴う ) ▸ approach the problem in a positive manner 問題に前向きに取り組む自動詞 1 〈人などが〉近づく , 接近する; 〈出来事時期などが〉近づく, もうすぐやってくる ▸ A bus was approaching from the rear .後方からバスが近づいてきた ▸ as summer approaches 夏が近づくにつれ .2 «…に » 迫る, ほぼ等しい ; «…の » 域に達する «to » .3 〘ゴルフ〙アプローチする .名詞複～es /-ɪz /1 C 【問題研究などへの】取り組み (方 ), 手法 , 研究方法, アプローチ «to » ▸ new approaches to cancer therapy 癌（がん）治療の新しい取り組み ▸ take [use, try ] a different approach to answering the question その質問に答えるために別の手法を取る [使う, 試みる ]2 U 〖具体例ではan ～〗 «…へ » 近づくこと , «…への » 接近 «to » ▸ feel the approach of winter 冬の訪れを感じる .3 C 【場所へ】近づく [通じる ]道, 入口, 進入路 «to » ▸ the best approach to the town 町へ行く一番の道 4 C «…からの /…への » 依頼, 打診, 申し出 «from /to » ▸ make an approach 依頼する 5 C 〘ゴルフ〙アプローチ (approach shot ).

approachable

ap pr ó ach a ble 形容詞 1 〈人が〉話しやすい ; 気さくな, つき合いやすい (friendly ); 〈考え作品などが〉親しみやすい .2 〈場所が〉接近できる ; 行きやすい .

approaching

ap pr ó ach ing 形容詞〖名詞の前で〗近づいている, やってくる〈乗り物人事など〉.

approbate

ap pro bate /ǽprəbèɪt /動詞他動詞｟米｠…と認可する, …に免許を与える .

approbation

ap pro ba tion /æ̀prəbéɪʃ (ə )n /名詞 U ｟かたく｠賞賛 ; 同意, 許可, 認可 (approval ).ap pro ba tory /əpróʊbətɔ̀ːri |æ̀prə (ʊ )béɪt (ə )ri /形容詞賞賛の .

appropriate

ap pro pri ate (! 強勢は第2音節; 形容詞と動詞で発音が異なるので注意 ) 〖語源は「固有の」〗形容詞 more ～; most ～1 【状況目的人などに】きちんと合った , 適切な, ふさわしい «for , to » (↔inappropriate )▸ a film appropriate for kids under 12 12歳未満の子供に適切な映画 ▸ a gift appropriate to the occasion その場にふさわしい贈り物 ▸ at the appropriate time しかるべき時に ▸ It seems no longer appropriate to have a tan .日焼けをすることは今や適切とは言えないようだ ▸ It is appropriate that she (｟主に英｠should ) contact the lawyer .彼女は弁護士に会った方がよい (→should 7 語法 )▸ delete as appropriate きちんと合うように消す (!選択肢を選ぶ場合など ) .2 «…に » 特有の , 独特の «to » .動詞 /-èɪt /～s /-ts /; ～d /-ɪd /; -ating 他動詞｟かたく｠1 …を私物化する ; 〘法〙〈金品など〉を横領 [着服 ]する ▸ appropriate A's idea A 〈人〉のアイディアを無断で使用する 2 «…のために » 〈金銭など〉を充当する, 使用する «for » ▸ Congress appropriated two million dollars for the purpose .議会はその目的に200万ドルを充てた～ness /-ət- /名詞

appropriately

ap pro pri ate ly /əpróʊpriətli /副詞ふさわしく, 適切に ; 〖文修飾〗適切なことには ▸ dress appropriately ふさわしい服装をする ▸ appropriately enough いみじくも

appropriation

ap pro pri a tion /əpròʊpriéɪʃ (ə )n /名詞｟かたく｠1 U (公金などの )充当, 経費計上 ; C (議会で承認された )充当 [支出 ]金 .2 U 盗用 ; 横領, 着服 ; 私物化 .

approval

ap prov al /əprúːv (ə )l / (! -o-は /uː /) →approve 名詞複～s /-z /1 U «…に対する » 賛成 , 賛同 ; 支持 , 同意 ; 好意 «for » (↔disapproval )▸ win [meet with, get ] A's approval A 〈人〉の同意を得る ▸ nod [smile ] in approval 賛成してうなずく [ほほえむ ]▸ She expressed her approval for the law .彼女はその法律への支持を表明した .2 U «…に対する » (公の )承認 , 是認, 認可, 許可 «for » (!具体例ではan ～/～s; その際しばしば修飾語を伴う ) ▸ The government did not give approval for the research .政府はその研究に対して認可を与えなかった ▸ The deal is subject to the approval of shareholders .その取引には株主の正式な承認が必要だ ▸ for approval 承認を求めて ▸ a seal [stamp ] of approval 承認の証（あかし）, お墨つき on appr ó val 〘商〙(気に入らなければ )返品可能という条件で [の ], 試用売買方式で [の ].～́ r à ting (首相などの )支持率 .

approve

ap prove /əprúːv / (! -o-は /uː /) 〖ap (…に対して )prove (良さを証明する )〗(名 )approval 動詞～s /-z /; ～d /-d /; approving (→分詞 approved , approving )自動詞〖approve (of A )〗〈人が〉(A 〈行動提案など〉に )賛成 [同意 ]する ; (A 〈人物〉について )認める , よしとする (!通例進行形にしない ) (↔disapprove )▸ The manager approved of my plan .支配人は私の計画に賛同した ▸ I don't approve of Tom's behavior .僕にはトムの行動がよいとは思えない .他動詞 1 〈人組織などが〉〈計画考えなど〉を (公に )承認する , 賛成する ▸ approve a bill [budget ]法案 [予算 ]を承認する ▸ The request needs to be approved by a committee .その要求は委員会の承認が必要だ .2 〈公的機関などが〉〈製品人など〉を認可する ; …をよしとする (!しばしば受け身で ) ▸ The new drugs have been approved for use .その新薬に使用認可が下りた .

approved

ap pr ó ved 形容詞〖通例名詞の前で〗公認の, 承認された〈方法行動など〉▸ an approved course 公認コース .～̀ sch ó ol ｟英｠少年院〘18歳未満の犯罪者が入る施設; 1971年に廃止〙.

approving

ap pr ó v ing 形容詞〖通例名詞の前で〗賛成の ; 満足そうな〈反応意見笑顔など〉(↔disapproving ).～ly 副詞

approx

approx .approximately .

approximate

ap prox i mate /əprɑ́ksɪmət |-rɔ́ks -/ (! 強勢は第2音節; 形容詞と動詞で発音が異なるので注意 ) 形容詞 more ～; most ～〈数量値段などが〉おおよその , ほぼ正確な; 〈描写などが〉大体の ▸ approximate cost おおよその費用 ▸ estimate the approximate number of guests 客のおおよその数を見積もる .動詞 /-mèɪt /他動詞｟かたい書｠1 おおよそ …になる ; 〈物などが〉…に似ている, ほぼ相当する (resemble )▸ The cost approximated 1,000 dollars .費用は1,000ドルほどだった 2 «…に » …を近づける «to » .3 〈数量など〉を概算する, 見積もる .自動詞 1 【物などに】似ている, 類似している (resemble ) «to » ▸ a tropical island that approximates to the Garden of Eden エデンの園のような熱帯の島 2 【ある数量に】近い, 近似である «to » .

approximately

ap prox i mate ly /əprɑ́ksɪmətli |-rɔ́ks -/副詞およそ, ほぼ, 約 (｟略｠approx. )(→about 副詞類義 ).

approximation

ap prox i ma tion /əprɑ̀ksɪméɪʃ (ə )n |-rɔ̀ks -/名詞 C «…に » (数量が )近いこと, «…への » 近似 «of , to » ; 概算 ; U 〘数〙近似値 .