English-Thai Dictionary

Protestant

ADJ เกี่ยวกับ นิกาย โปรเตสแตนต์  kiao-kab-ni-kai-po-tes-tean

 

Protestant

N นิกาย โปรเตสแตนต์  ผู้ นับถือ นิกาย โปรเตสแตนต์  Evangelist Baptist ni-kai-po-tes-tean

 

prot-

PRF ก่อน  ไป ข้างหน้า  kon

 

protagonist

N ตัวเอก  ตัวนำ  ผู้แสดงนำ  ตัว ชูโรง  hero heroine warrior tus-aek

 

protagonist

N ผู้แข่งขัน สำคัญ  phu-kang-kan-sam-kan

 

protasis

N บท เบิกโรง 

 

protean

ADJ ซึ่ง เปลี่ยนแปลง ได้มา ก  ซึ่ง เปลี่ยนรูป หลากหลาย  mutable variable changeable sueng-pian-plang-dai-mak

 

protease

N น้ำย่อย โปรตีน  เช่น  pepsin trypsin nam-yoi-po-tin

 

protect

VT ตั้ง ภาษี สินค้านำเข้า เพื่อ คุ้มครอง สินค้า ในประเทศ  tang-pa-se-sin-ka-nam-kao

 

protect

VT ป้องกัน  ปกป้อง  คุ้มครอง  อารักขา  guard shield pong-kan

 

protect against / from

PHRV ป้องกัน จาก  guard against guard from pong-kan-jak

 

protectant

N สาร เคลือบ ป้องกัน สนิม  san-klub-pong-kan-sa-nim

 

protecting

ADJ ซึ่ง ปกป้อง  ซึ่ง ป้องกัน  protective sueng-pok-pong

 

protection

N การปกป้อง  การป้องกัน  assurance safeguard safekeeping insecurity kan-pok-pong

 

protection

N คน หรือ สิ่ง ที่ คุ้มครอง  kon-rue-siang-ti-klum-krong

 

protection

N ค่าคุ้มครอง  ka-klum-krong

 

protection

N ระบบ การปกป้อง สินค้าพื้นเมือง โดย การ จัดเก็บ ภาษีนำเข้า สูง  ra-bob-kan-pok-pong-sin-ka-puean-muang

 

protectionism

N ระบบ การ คุ้มครอง อุตสาหกรรม ภายใน พระ เทศ โดย การ จัด เก็บภาษี อากรขาเข้า 

 

protective

ADJ ซึ่ง ปกป้อง  protecting shielding sueng-pok-pong

 

protective tariff

N ภาษี สินค้านำเข้า  pa-se-sin-ka-nam-kao

 

protector

N ผู้ ปกป้อง  ผู้คุ้มครอง  ผู้ อารักขา  ผู้พิทักษ์  defender guardian sponsor safeguard phu-pok-pong

 

protectoral

ADJ ซึ่ง ปกป้อง  sueng-pok-pong

 

protectorate

N ดินแดน ใน อารักขา  colony dominion mandate din-dan-nai-ar-rak-ka

 

protectorate

N ผู้ อารักขา  ดินแดน ใน ปกครอง  phu-ar-rak-ka

 

protectory

N โรง เลี้ยงเด็ก กำพร้า  rong-liang-dek-kam-pa

 

protectress

N ผู้ ปกป้อง ที่ เป็น ผู้หญิง  phu-pok-pong-ti-pen-phu-ying

 

protege

N ผู้ อยู่ ใน ความ คุ้มครอง  phu-yu-nai-kwam-klum-krong

 

protegee

N ผู้ ได้รับ การอุปถัมภ์ ที่ เป็น หญิง  phu-dai-rab-kan-u-pa-tam-ti-pen-phu-ying

 

proteid

N โปรตีน  protein po-tin

 

proteiform

A ซึ่ง เปลี่ยนรูป ง่าย 

 

protein

N โปรตีน  proteid amino acid po-tin

 

proteo-

PRF ก่อน สระ  โปรตีน  kon-sa-ra

 

proteolysis

N การ แตกตัว ของ โปรตีน เป็น สารประกอบ ที่ ซับซ้อน น้อยลง 

 

proteose

N สารประกอบ จำพวก หนึ่ง ได้ จาก โปรตีน โดย ฤทธิ์ ของ น้ำย่อย กระเพาะอาหาร 

 

protest

N การ คัดค้าน  การ ประท้วง  denial compliant agreement kan-kad-kan

 

protest

N คำ คัดค้าน  denial compliant agreement kam-kad-kan

 

protest

VI คัดค้าน  ทักท้วง  ขัดขวาง  ประท้วง  kad-kan

 

protest

VI ยืนยัน  ประกาศ ยืนยัน  declare yuan-yan

 

protest

VT คัดค้าน  ทักท้วง  ขัดขวาง  ประท้วง  disagree object agree kad-kan

 

protest

VT ยืนยัน  ประกาศ ยืนยัน  declare yuan-yan

 

protest against

PHRV คัดค้าน  ประท้วง  demur at object to kad-kan

 

protestant

ADJ เกี่ยวกับ นิกาย โปรเตสแตนต์  evangelical reformed kiao-kab-ni-kai-po-tes-tean

 

protestant

N ผู้คัดค้าน  protester phu-kad-kan

 

protestant

N ผู้คัดค้าน  คน ทักท้วง  phu-kad-kan

 

protestantism

N นิกาย โปร เตส แตน ด์ ของ ศาสนาคริสต์ 

 

protestation

N การ ประท้วง  การ ต่อต้าน  kan-pra-tuang

 

protestation

N คำ คัดค้าน  kam-kad-kan

 

protester

N ผู้ ต่อต้าน  ผู้ประท้วง  rebel dissident phu-tor-tan

 

proteus

N เทพเจ้า สมุทร 

 

prothalamium

N เพลง สมรส  prothalamion

 

prothallium

N ระยะ เพศ ของ ต้น เฟิร์น 

 

prothallus

N ระยะ เพศ ของ ต้น เฟิร์น  prothallium

 

prothesis

N การ เพิ่ม เสียง หรือ พยางค์ ที่ หน้า คำ  อุปสรรค 

 

prothorax

N ส่วนหน้า ของ ทรวงอก ของ แมลง เป็น ตำแหน่ง ที่อยู่ ของ ขา คู่ หน้า 

 

protist

N สมาชิก ของ  Protista

 

protista

N อาณาจักร ที่ ประกอบด้วย พืช และ สัตว์ ง่ายๆ ที่ ไร้ เซลล์ หรือ เซลล์ เดียว 

 

proto-

PRF ก่อน  ไป ข้างหน้า  kon

 

proto-

PRF ดั้งเดิม  แต่เดิม  ก่อน  dang-doem

 

protocol

N ระเบียบการ  obligation treaty ra-biab-kan

 

protohuman

ADJ เกี่ยวกับ คน สูญพันธุ์ ไป แล้ว  มี รูปร่าง เหมือน คน ยุคปัจจุบัน  kiao-kab-kon-suan-pan-pai-leo

 

protolanguage

N ภาษา ต้นกำเนิด ภาษา อื่น  ภาษา ต้นตระกูล  pa-sa-ton-kam-noed-pa-sa-uen

 

protomartyr

N คน แรก ใน เรื่อง หนึ่งๆ  martyr

 

proton

N โปรตอน  pro-ton

 

protonema

N ส่วน งอก ของ สปอร์ ของ  Moss และ พืช บางอย่าง ที่ ใช้ กำเนิด ส่วน ที่ เป็น อวัยวะ สืบพันธุ์ 

 

protoplasm

N ของเหลว ที่ เป็น องค์ประกอบ ของ เซลล์ สิ่งมีชีวิต  โปร โต ปลาส ซึม  kong-leo-ti-pen-ong-pra-kob

 

protoplast

N บุคคล หรือ สิ่ง แรกเริ่ม  protoplasm

 

protopodite

N ส่วน ฐาน ของ ขา ของ สัตว์ จำพวก กุ้ง หรือ ปู  ขา แรกเริ่ม 

 

prototype

N สิ่ง ที่ เป็นต้นแบบ  model ideal archetype sieng-ti-pen-ton-beab

 

prototypical

ADJ ธรรมดา  ทั่วไป  typical tam-ma-da

 

protoxide

N ออกไซด์ ที่ มี ออกซิเจน น้อยที่สุด 

 

protozoa

N ไฟลัม ของ โปร โต ซัว 

 

protozoan

N สัตว์ เซลล์ เดียว  protozoon sad-sel-diao

 

protozoology

N การศึกษา เกี่ยวกับ โปร โต ซัว  kan-suek-sa-kiao-kab-po-to-sue

 

protozoon

N สัตว์ เซลล์ เดียว  protozoan sad-sel-diao

 

protract

VT ยืด ออก ไป  ยืด ให้ นาน ขึ้น  ถ่วง ให้ ช้า ลง  เลื่อน ออก ไป  extend procrastinate delay postpone yud-ook-pai

 

protracted

ADJ ซึ่ง ยืดเยื้อ  chronic extensive sueng-yud-yuai

 

protractile

ADJ ซึ่ง ยืด ออก ไป อีก  sueng-yud-ook-pai-eak

 

protraction

N การ ยืด ออก  kan-yued-ook

 

protractor

N คน หรือ สิ่ง ที่ ยืด ออก ไป  สิ่ง ยืดเยื้อ  kon-rue-siang-ti-yued-ook-pai

 

protractor

N ไม้ โปร แทรคเตอ ร์  สำหรับ วัด มุม ทาง เรขาค ณิต  mai-pro-teak-tor

 

protrude

VI ยื่น  โผล่ ออกมา  stick out obstrude project yuen

 

protrude

VT ทำให้ ยื่น ออกมา  stick out obstrude project tam-hai-yuen-ook-ma

 

protrude from

PHRV ยื่น ออก  โผล่  แลบ  jut out poke out yuan-ook

 

protruding

ADJ ซึ่ง ยื่น ออกมา  projecting sueng-yuen-ook-ma

 

protrusile

ADJ ซึ่ง ยื่น ออก  protrusible sueng-yuen-ook

 

protrusion

N ส่วน ที่ ยื่น ออกมา  projection suan-ti-yuan-ook-ma

 

protrusive

ADJ ที่ ยื่น ออกมา  ti-yuan-ook-ma

 

protuberance

N ส่วน ที่ ยื่น ออกมา  jutting knob suen-ti-yuen-ook-ma

 

protuberancy

N การ ยื่น ออก  การ โผล่ ออก  protuberance

 

protuberant

ADJ ที่ เห็น เด่นชัด  projecting prominent ti-hen-den-chad

 

protuberate

VI ยื่น ออกมา  บวม  พอง  yuen-ook-ma

 

protyle

N สาร แรกเริ่ม 

 

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

PROTASIS

n.[Gr. to present. ] 1. A proposition; a maxim.
2. In the ancient drama, the first part of a comic or tragic piece, in which the several persons are shown, their characters intimated, and the subject proposed and entered on. The protasis might extend to two acts, where it ended, and the epitasis commenced.

 

PROTATIC

a.[Gr. ] Being placed in the beginning; previous.

 

PROTEAN

a.Pertaining to Proteus; readily assuming different shapes. [See Proteus. ]

 

PROTECT

v.t.[L. protectus, protego; pro and tego; to cover; Gr. with a prefix; Eng. deck. See Deck. ] To cover or shield from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; a word of general import both in a literal and figurative sense. Walls protect a city or garrison; clothing is designed to protect the body from cold; arms may protect one from an assault; our houses protect us from the inclemencies of the weather; the law protects our persons and property; the father protects his children, and the guardian his ward; a shade protects us from extreme heat; a navy protects our commerce and our shores; embassadors are protected from arrest.

 

PROTECTED

pp. Covered or defended from injury; preserved in safety.

 

PROTECTING

ppr. Shielding from injury; defending; preserving in safety.

 

PROTECTION

n.The act of protecting; defense; shelter from evil; preservation from loss, injury or annoyance. We find protection under good laws and an upright administration. How little are men disposed to acknowledge divine protection! 1. That which protects or preserves from injury.
Let them rise up and help you, and be your protection. Deuteronomy 32:38.
2. A writing that protects; a passport or other writing which secures from molestation.
3. Exemption. Embassadors at foreign courts are entitled to protection from arrest. Members of parliament, representatives and senators, are entitled to protection from arrest during their attendance on the legislature, as are suitors and witnesses attending a court.
Writ of protection, a writ by which the king or Great Britain exempts a person from arrest.

 

PROTECTIVE

a.Affording protection; sheltering; defensive.

 

PROTECTOR

n.One that defends or shields from injury, evil or oppression; a defender; a guardian. The king or sovereign is, or ought to be, the protector of the nation; the husband is the protector of his wife, and the father of his children. 1. In England, one who formerly had the care of the kingdom during the king's minority; a regent. Cromwell assumed the title of lord Protector.
2. In catholic countries, every nation and every religious order has a protector residing at Rome. He is a cardinal, and called cardinal protector.

 

PROTECTORATE

n.Government by a protector.

 

PROTECTORSHIP

n.The office of a protector or regent.

 

PROTECTRESS

n.A woman or female that protects.

 

PROTEND

v.t.[L. protendo; pro and tendo, to stretch. ] To hold out; to stretch forth.
With his protended lance he makes defense.

 

PROTENDED

pp. Reached or stretched forth.

 

PROTENDING

ppr. Stretching forth.

 

PROTENSE

n.protens'. Extension. [Not used. ]

 

PROTERVITY

n.[L. protervitas, from protervus; pro and torvus, crabbed. ] Peevishness; petulance. [Little used. ]

 

PROTEST

v.i.[L. protestor; pro and testor, to affirm it. ] 1. To affirm with solemnity; to make a solemn declaration of a fact or opinion; as, I protest to you, I have no knowledge of the transaction.
2. To make a solemn declaration expressive of opposition; with against; as, he protests against your votes.
The conscience has power to protest against the exorbitancies of the passions.
3. To make a formal declaration in writing against a public law or measure. It is the privilege of any lord in parliament to protest against a law or resolution.

 

PROTEST

v.t.To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation. Fiercely they oppos'd
My journey strange, with clamorous uproar
Protesting fate supreme.
1. To prove; to show; to give evidence of. [Not in use. ]
2. In commerce, to protest a bill of exchange, is for a notary public, at the request of the payee, to make a formal declaration under hand and seal, against the drawer of the bill, on account of non-acceptance or non-payment, for exchange, cost, commissions, damages and interest; of which act the indorser must be notified within such time as the law or custom prescribes. In like manner, notes of hand given to a banking corporation are protested for non-payment.

 

PROTEST

n.A solemn declaration of opinion, commonly against some act; appropriately, a formal and solemn declaration in writing of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as the protest of lords in parliament, or a like declaration of dissent of any minority against the proceedings of a majority of a body of men. 1. In commerce, a formal declaration made by a notary public, under hand and seal, at the request of the payee or holder of a bill of exchange, for non-acceptance or non-payment of the same, protesting against the drawer and others concerned, for the exchange, charges, damages and interest. This protest is written on a copy of the bill, and notice given to the indorser of the same, by which he becomes liable to pay the amount of the bill, with charges, damages and interest; also, a like declaration against the drawer of a note of hand for non-payment to a banking corporation, and of the master of a vessel against seizure, etc. A protest is also a writing attested by a justice of the peace or consul, drawn by the master of a vessel, stating the severity of the voyage by which the ship has suffered, and showing that the damage suffered was not owing to the neglect or misconduct of the master.

 

PROTESTANT

a.Pertaining to those who, at the reformation of religion, protested against a decree of Charles V. and the diet of Spires; pertaining to the adherents of Luther, or others of the reformed churches; as the protestant religion.

 

PROTESTANT

n.One of the party who adhered to Luther at the reformation in 1529, and protested, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from a decree of the emperor Charles V. and the diet of Spires, and appealed to a general council. This name was afterwards extended to the followers of Calvin, and Protestants is the denomination now given to all who belong to the reformed churches. The king of Prussia has, however, interdicted the use of this name in his dominions.

 

PROTESTANTISM

n.The protestant religion.

 

PROTESTANTLY

adv. In conformity to the protestants. [A very bad word and not used. ]

 

PROTESTATION

n. 1. A solemn declaration of a fact, opinion or resolution.
2. A solemn declaration of dissent; a protest; as the protestation of certain noblemen against an order of council.
3. In law, a declaration in pleading, by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not exist. The lord may allege the villenage of the plaintiff by way of protestation, and thus deny the demand.

 

PROTESTED

pp. Solemnly declared or alleged; declared against for non-acceptance or non-payment.

 

PROTESTER

n.One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration. 1. One who protests a bill of exchange.

 

PROTESTING

ppr. Solemnly declaring or affirming; declaring against for non-acceptance or non-payment.

 

PROTEUS

n.[L.] In mythology, a marine deity, the son of Oceanus and Tethys, whose distinguishing characteristic was the faculty of assuming different shapes. Hence we denominate one who easily changes his form or principles, a Proteus.

 

PROTHONOTARISHIP

n.The office of a prothonotary. [An awkward, harsh word and little used. ]

 

PROTHONOTARY

n.[Low L. protonotarius; Gr. first, and L. notarius, a scribe. ] 1. Originally, the chief notary; and anciently, the title of the principal notaries of the emperors of Constantinople. Hence,
2. In England, an officer in the court of king's bench and common pleas. The prothonotary of the king's bench records all civil actions. In the common pleas, the prothonotaries, of which there are three, enter and enroll all declarations, pleadings, judgments, etc. , make out judicial writs and exemplifications of records, enter recognizances, etc.
3. In the United States, a register or clerk of a court. The word however is not applied to any officer, except in particular states.
Apostolical prothonotaries, in the court of Rome, are twelve persons constituting a college, who receive the last wills of cardinals, make informations and proceedings necessary for the canonization of saints, etc.

 

PROTOCOL

n.[Low L. protocollum; Gr. first, and glue; so called perhaps from the gluing together of pieces of paper, or from the spreading of it on tablets. It was formerly the upper part of a leaf of a book on which the title or name was written. ] 1. The original copy of any writing. [Not now used. ]
2. A record or registry.

 

PROTOCOLIST

n.In Russia, a register or clerk.

 

PROTOMARTYR

n.[Gr. first, and martyr. ] 1. The first martyr; a term applied to Stephen, the first christian martyr.
2. The first who suffers or is sacrificed in any cause.

 

PROTOPLAST

n.[Gr. first and formed. ] The original; the thing first formed, as a copy to be imitated. Thus Adam has been called our protoplast.

 

PROTOPLASTIC

a.First formed.

 

PROTOPOPE

n.[Gr. first, and pope. ] Chief pope or imperial confessor, an officer of the holy directing synod, the supreme spiritual court of the Greek church in Russia.

 

PROTOSULPHATE

n.In chimistry, the combination of sulphuric acid with a protoxyd.

 

PROTOTYPE

n.[Gr. first, and type, form, model. ] An original or model after which any thing is formed; the pattern of any thing to be engraved, cast, etc. ; exemplar; archetype.

 

PROTOXYD

n.[Gr. first, and acid. ] A substance combined with oxygen in the first degree, or any oxyd formed by the first degree of oxydizement.

 

PROTOXYDIZE

v.t.To oxydize in the first degree.

 

PROTRACT

v.t.[L. protractus, from pro and traho, to draw. ] 1. To draw out or lengthen in time; to continue; to prolong; as, to protract an argument; to protract a discussion; to protract a war or a negotiation.
2. To delay; to defer; to put off to a distant time; as, to protract the decision of a question; to protract the final issue.

 

PROTRACT

n.Tedious continuance. [Not used. ]

 

PROTRACTED

pp. Drawn out in time; delayed.

 

PROTRACTER

n.One who protracts or lengthens in time.

 

PROTRACTING

ppr. Drawing out or continuing in time; delaying.

 

PROTRACTION

n.The act of drawing out or continuing in time; the act of delaying the termination of a thing; as the protraction of a debate.

 

PROTRACTIVE

a.Drawing out or lengthening in time; prolonging; continuing; delaying. He suffered their protractive arts.

 

PROTRACTOR

n.An instrument for laying down and measuring angles on paper with accuracy and dispatch, and by which the use of the line of chords is superseded. It is of various forms, semicircular, rectangular or circular.

 

PROTREPTICAL

a.[Gr. to exhort; and to turn. ] Hortatory; suasory; intended or adapted to persuade. [Little used. ]

 

PROTRUDE

v.t.[L. protrudo; pro and trudo, to thrust. See Thrust. ] 1. To thrust forward; to drive or force along; as food protruded from the stomach into the intestine.
2. To thrust out, as from confinement. The contents of the abdomen are protruded in hernia.

 

PROTRUDE

v.i.To shoot forward; to be thrust forward. The parts protrude beyond the skin.

 

PROTRUDED

pp. Thrust forward or out.

 

PROTRUDING

ppr. Thrusting forward or out.

 

PROTRUSION

n.s as z. The act of thrusting forward or beyond the usual limit; a thrusting or driving; a push.

 

PROTRUSIVE

a.Thrusting or impelling forward; as protrusive motion.

 

PROTUBERANCE

n.[L. protuberans, protubero; pro and tuber, a puff, bunch or knob. ] A swelling or tumor on the body; a prominence; a bunch or knob; any thing swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; on the surface on the earth, a hill, knoll or other elevation. Protuberance differs from projection, being applied to parts that rise from the surface with a gradual ascent or small angle; whereas a projection may be at a right angle with the surface.

 

PROTUBERANT

a.Swelling; prominent beyond the surrounding surface; as a protuberant joint; a protuberant eye.

 

PROTUBERATE

v.i.[L. protubero, supra. To swell or be prominent beyond the adjacent surface; to bulge out. ] If the navel protuberates, make a small puncture with a lancet through the skin.

 

PROTUBERATION

n.The act of swelling beyond the surrounding surface.

 

PROTUBEROUS

a.Protuberant.

 

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

PROTACTIC

Pro *tac "tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

 

Defn: Giving a previous narrative or explanation, as of the plot or personages of a play; introductory. = 32,5 yrs. ) Also called brevium, Uranium X2 and UX2.

 

PROTAGON

Pro "ta *gon, n. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. Protagonist. So called because it was the first definitely ascertained principle of the brain. ] (Physiol. Chem. )

 

Defn: A nitrogenous phosphorized principle found in brain tissue. By decomposition it yields neurine, fatty acids, and other bodies.

 

PROTAGONIST

Pro *tag "o *nist, n. Etym: [Gr.

 

Defn: One who takes the leading part in a drama; hence, one who takes lead in some great scene, enterprise, conflict, or the like. Shakespeare, the protagonist on the great of modern poetry. De Quincey.

 

PROTAMIN

Pro "ta *min, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem. )

 

Defn: An amorphous nitrogenous substance found in the spermatic fluid of salmon. It is soluble in water, which an alkaline reaction, and unites with acids and metallic bases.

 

PROTANDRIC

Pro *tan "dric, a. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: Having male sexual organs while young, and female organs later in life. -- Pro *tan "trism, n.

 

PROTANDROUS

PROTANDROUS Pro *tan "drous, a. (Bot. )

 

Defn: Proterandrous.

 

PROTASIS

Prot "a *sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

 

1. A proposition; a maxim. Johnson.

 

2. (Gram. )

 

Defn: The introductory or subordinate member of a sentence, generally of a conditional sentence; -- opposed to apodosis. See Apodosis.

 

3. The first part of a drama, of a poem, or the like; the introduction; opposed to epitasis. B. Jonson.

 

PROTATIC

Pro *tat "ic, a. Etym: [Gr. protaticus, F. protatique.]

 

Defn: Of or pertaining to the protasis of an ancient play; introductory.

 

PROTEACEOUS

Pro `te *a "ceous, a. Etym: [From Proteus. ] (Bot. )

 

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Proteaceæ, an order of apetalous evergreen shrubs, mostly natives of the Cape of Good Hope or of Australia.

 

PROTEAN

PROTEAN Pro "te *an, a.

 

1. Of or pertaining to Proteus; characteristic of Proteus. " Protean transformations." Cudworth.

 

2. Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms; as, an amoeba is a protean animalcule.

 

PROTEANLY

PROTEANLY Pro "te *an *ly, adv.

 

Defn: In a protean manner. Cudworth.

 

PROTECT

Pro *tect ", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protected; p. pr. & vb. n.Protecting. ] Etym: [L. protectus, p. p. of protegere, literally, to cover in front; pro before + tegere to cover. See Tegument. ]

 

Defn: To cover or shield from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; as, a father protects his children. The gods of Greece protect you! Shak.

 

Syn. -- To guard; shield; preserve. See Defend.

 

PROTECTINGLY

PROTECTINGLY Pro *tect "ing *ly, adv.

 

Defn: By way of protection; in a protective manner.

 

PROTECTION

Pro *tec "tion, n. Etym: [L. protectio: cf. F. protection. ]

 

1. The act of protecting, or the state of being protected; preservation from loss, injury, or annoyance; defense; shelter; as, the weak need protection. To your protection I commend me, gods. Shak.

 

2. That which protects or preserves from injury; a defense; a shield; a refuge. Let them rise up. .. and be your protection. Deut. xxxii. 38.

 

3. A writing that protects or secures from molestation or arrest; a pass; a safe-conduct; a passport. He. .. gave them protections under his hand. Macaulay.

 

4. (Polit. Econ.)

 

Defn: A theory, or a policy, of protecting the producers in a country from foreign competition in the home market by the imposition of such discriminating duties on goods of foreign production as will restrict or prevent their importation; -- opposed to free trade. Writ of protection. (Law ) (a ) A writ by which the king formerly exempted a person from arrest; -- now disused. [Eng. ] Blackstone. (b ) A judicial writ issued to a person required to attend court, as party, juror, etc. , intended to secure him from arrest in coming, staying, and returning.

 

Syn. -- Preservation; defense; guard; shelter; refuge; security; safety.

 

PROTECTIONISM

Pro *tec "tion *ism, n. (Polit. Econ.)

 

Defn: The doctrine or policy of protectionists. See Protection, 4.

 

PROTECTIONIST

Pro *tec "tion *ist, n. (Polit. Econ.)

 

Defn: One who favors protection. See Protection, 4.

 

PROTECTIVE

Pro *tect "ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. protectif.]

 

Defn: Affording protection; sheltering; defensive. " The favor of a protective Providence. " Feltham. Protective coloring (Zoöl.), coloring which serves for the concealment and preservation of a living organism. Cf. Mimicry. Wallace. -- Protective tariff (Polit. Econ.), a tariff designed to secure protection (see Protection, 4.), as distinguished from a tariff designed to raise revenue. See Tariff, and Protection, 4.

 

PROTECTIVENESS

PROTECTIVENESS Pro *tect "ive *ness, n.

 

Defn: The quality or state of being protective. W. Pater.

 

PROTECTOR

Pro *tect "or, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. protecteur. ]

 

1. One who, or that which, defends or shields from injury, evil, oppression, etc. ; a defender; a guardian; a patron. For the world's protector shall be known. Waller.

 

2. (Eng. Hist. )

 

Defn: One having the care of the kingdom during the king's minority; a regent. Is it concluded he shall be protector! Shak.

 

3. (R. C. Ch. )

 

Defn: A cardinal, from one of the more considerable Roman Catholic nations, who looks after the interests of his people at Rome; also, a cardinal who has the same relation to a college, religious order, etc. Lord Protector (Eng. Hist. ), the title of Oliver Cromwell as supreme governor of the British Commonwealth (1653 -1658 ).

 

PROTECTORAL

PROTECTORAL Pro *tect "or *al, a.

 

Defn: Of or pertaining to a protector; protectorial; as, protectoral power.

 

PROTECTORATE

Pro *tect "or *ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. protectorat.]

 

1. Government by a protector; -- applied especially to the government of England by Oliver Cromwell.

 

2. The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs.

 

PROTECTORIAL

Pro `tec *to "ri *al, a. Etym: [Cf. L. protectorius.]

 

Defn: Same as Protectoral.

 

PROTECTORLESS

PROTECTORLESS Pro *tect "or *less, a.

 

Defn: Having no protector; unprotected.

 

PROTECTORSHIP

PROTECTORSHIP Pro *tect "or *ship

 

Defn:, The office of a protector or regent; protectorate.

 

PROTECTRESS; PROTECTRIX

Pro *tect "ress, Pro *tect "rix, n. Etym: [NL. protectrix.]

 

Defn: A woman who protects.

 

PROTEGE; PROTEGEE

Pro `té `gé ", n. m. Pro `té `gée ", n. f. Etym: [F., p. p. of protéger. See Protect. ]

 

Defn: One under the care and protection of another.

 

PROTEID

Pro "te *id, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem. )

 

Defn: One of a class of amorphous nitrogenous principles, containing, as a rule, a small amount of sulphur; an albuminoid, as blood fibrin, casein of milk, etc. Proteids are present in nearly all animal fluids and make up the greater part of animal tissues and organs. They are also important constituents of vegetable tissues. See 2d Note under Food. -- Pro "te *id, a.

 

PROTEIDEA

Pro `te *id "e *a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Proteus, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: An order of aquatic amphibians having prominent external gills and four legs. It includes Proteus and Menobranchus (Necturus ). Called also Proteoidea, and Proteida.

 

PROTEIFORM

PROTEIFORM Pro *te "i *form, a. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: Changeable in form; resembling a Proteus, or an amoeba.

 

PROTEIN

Pro "te *in, n. Etym: [Gr. prw

 

PROTEINACEOUS

Pro `te *i *na "*ceous, a. (Physiol. Chem. )

 

Defn: Of or related to protein; albuminous; proteid.

 

PROTEINOUS

PROTEINOUS Pro *te "i *nous, a.

 

Defn: Proteinaceuos.

 

PROTELES

Pro "te *les, n. Etym: [NL. ] (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: A South Africa genus of Carnivora, allied to the hyenas, but smaller and having weaker jaws and teeth. It includes the aard-wolf.

 

PROTEND

Pro *tend " v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protended; p. pr. & vb. n. Protending. ]Etym: [L. protendere, protensum; pro before, forth + tendere to stretch. ]

 

Defn: To hold out; to stretch forth. [Obs. ] With his protended lance he makes defence. Dryden.

 

PROTENSE

Pro *tense ", n. Etym: [See Protend. ]

 

Defn: Extension. [Obs. ] " By due degrees and long protense. " Spenser.

 

PROTENSION

Pro *ten "sion, n. Etym: [L. protensio.]

 

Defn: A drawing out; extension. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

 

PROTENSIVE

PROTENSIVE Pro *ten "sive, a.

 

Defn: Drawn out; extended. [R.] Time is a protensive quantity. Sir W. Hamilton.

 

PROTEOLYSIS

Pro `te *ol "y *sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Proteolytic. ] (Physiol. Chem. )

 

Defn: The digestion or dissolving of proteid matter by proteolytic ferments.

 

PROTEOLYTIC

Pro `te *o *lyt "ic, a. Etym: [Proteid + Gr. (Physiol.)

 

Defn: Converting proteid or albuminous matter into soluble and diffusible products, as peptones. " The proteolytic ferment of the pancreas. " Foster.

 

PROTEOSE

Pro "te *ose `, n. [Proteid + -ose.] (Physiol. Chem. )

 

Defn: One of a class of soluble products formed in the digestion of proteids with gastric and pancreatic juice, and also by the hydrolytic action of boiling dilute acids on proteids. Proteoses are divided into the two groups, the primary and secondary proteoses.

 

PROTERANDROUS

Pro `ter *an "drous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot. )

 

Defn: Having the stamens come to maturity before the pistil; -- opposed to proterogynous.

 

PROTERANDRY

PROTERANDRY Pro `ter *an "dry, n. (Bot. )

 

Defn: The condition of being proterandrous.

 

PROTERANTHOUS

Pro `ter *an "thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot. )

 

Defn: Having flowers appearing before the leaves; -- said of certain plants. Gray.

 

PROTEROGLYPHA

Pro `te *rog "ly *pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL. , fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: A suborder of serpents including those that have permanently erect grooved poison fangs, with ordinary teeth behind them in the jaws. It includes the cobras, the asps, and the sea snakes. Called also Proteroglyphia.

 

PROTEROGYNOUS

Pro `ter *og "y *nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot. )

 

Defn: Having the pistil come to maturity before the stamens; protogynous; -- opposed to proterandrous.

 

PROTEROSAURUS

Pro `te *ro *sau "rus, n. Etym: [NL. , from Gr. (Paleon.)

 

Defn: An extinct genus of reptiles of the Permian period. Called also Protosaurus.

 

PROTERVITY

Pro *ter "vi *ty, n. Etym: [L. protervitas, from protervus violent. ]

 

Defn: Peevishness; petulance. [Obs. ] Fuller.

 

PROTEST

Pro *test ", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Protested; p. pr. & vb. n.Protesting. ] Etym: [F. protester, L. protestari, pro before + testari to be a witness, testis a witness. See Testify. ]

 

1. To affirm in a public or formal manner; to bear witness; to declare solemnly; to avow. He protest that his measures are pacific. Landor. The lady doth protest too much, methinks. Shak.

 

2. To make a solemn declaration (often a written one ) expressive of opposition; -- with against; as, he protest against your votes. Denham. The conscience has power. .. to protest againts the exorbitancies of the passions. Shak.

 

Syn. -- To affirm; asseverate; assert; aver; attest; testify; declare; profess. See Affirm.

 

PROTEST

PROTEST Pro *test ", v. t.

 

1. To make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to proclaim; to display; as, to protest one's loyalty. I will protest your cowardice. Shak.

 

2. To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to. Fiercely [they ] opposed My journey strange, with clamorous uproar Protesting fate supreme. Milton. To protest a bill or note (Law ), to make a solemn written declaration, in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for any loss or damage to be sustained by the nonacceptance or the nonpayment of the bill or note, as the case may be. This should be made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix. Kent. Story.

 

PROTEST

Pro "test, n. Etym: [Cf. F. protêt, It. protesto. See Protest, v.]

 

1. A solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection against some act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in writing, of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as, the protest of lords in Parliament.

 

2. (Law ) (a ) A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a notary public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the holder of a bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for any loss or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or by the nonpayment of the note, as the case may be. (b ) A declaration made by the master of a vessel before a notary, consul, or other authorized officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating the particulars of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained was not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to the perils of the sea, etc. , ads the case may be, and protesting against them. (c ) A declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax, duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in order to show that the payment was not voluntary. Story. Kent.

 

PROTESTANCY

PROTESTANCY Prot "es *tan *cy, n.

 

Defn: Protestantism. [R.]

 

PROTESTANT

Prot "es *tant, n. Etym: [F. protestant, fr. L. protestans, -antis, p.pr. of protestare. See Protest, v.]

 

Defn: One who protests; -- originally applied to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles V. and the Diet of Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and appealed to a general council; -- now used in a popular sense to designate any Christian who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or the Greek Church.

 

PROTESTANT

Prot "es *tant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. protestant. ]

 

1. Making a protest; protesting.

 

2. Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church; as, Protestant writers.

 

PROTESTANTICAL

PROTESTANTICAL Prot `es *tant "ic *al, a.

 

Defn: Protestant. [Obs. ]

 

PROTESTANTISM

Prot "es *tant *ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. protestantisme. ]

 

Defn: The quality or state of being protestant, especially against the Roman Catholic Church; the principles or religion of the Protestants.

 

PROTESTANTLY

PROTESTANTLY Prot "es *tant *ly, adv.

 

Defn: Like a Protestant; in conformity with Protestantism. [R.] Milton.

 

PROTESTATION

Prot `es *ta "tion, n. Etym: [L. protestatio: cf. F. protestation. See Protest. ]

 

1. The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn declaration, especially of dissent. " The protestation of our faith. " Latimer.

 

2. (Law )

 

Defn: Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.

 

PROTESTATOR

Prot "es *ta `tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. protestateur.]

 

Defn: One who makes protestation; a protester.

 

PROTESTER

PROTESTER Pro *test "er, n.

 

1. One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration. Shak.

 

2. (Law )

 

Defn: One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.

 

PROTESTINGLY

PROTESTINGLY Pro *test "ing *ly, adv.

 

Defn: By way of protesting.

 

PROTEUS

Pro "te *us, n. Etym: [L., Gr.

 

1. (Class. Myth. )

 

Defn: A sea god in the service of Neptune who assumed different shapes at will. Hence, one who easily changes his appearance or principles.

 

2. (Zoöl.) (a ) A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians found in caves in Austria. They have permanent external gills as well as lungs. The eyes are small and the legs are weak. (b ) A changeable protozoan; an amoeba.

 

PROTHALAMION; PROTHALAMIUM

Pro `tha *la "mi *on, Pro `tha *la "mi *um, n. Etym: [NL. , fr. Gr.

 

Defn: A song in celebration of a marriage. Drayton.

 

PROTHALLIUM

Pro *thal "li *um, n.; pl. Prothallia. Etym: [NL. ] (Bot. )

 

Defn: Same as Prothallus.

 

PROTHALLUS

Pro *thal "lus, n.; pl. Prothalli. Etym: [NL. , fr. Gr. (Bot. )

 

Defn: The minute primary growth from the spore of ferns and other Pteridophyta, which bears the true sexual organs; the oöphoric generation of ferns, etc.

 

PROTHESIS

Proth "e *sis, n. Etym: [NL. , fr. Gr.

 

1. (Eccl.)

 

Defn: A credence table; -- so called by the Eastern or Greek Church.

 

2. (Med. )

 

Defn: See Prosthesis. Dunglison.

 

PROTHETIC

Pro *thet "ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

 

Defn: Of or pertaining to prothesis; as, a prothetic apparatus.

 

PROTHONOTARY; PROTONOTARY

Pro *thon "o *ta *ry, or; Pro *ton "o *ta *ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [LL. protonotarius, fr. Gr. prw

 

PROTHONOTARYSHIP

PROTHONOTARYSHIP Pro *thon "o *ta *ry *ship, n.

 

Defn: Office of a prothonotary.

 

PROTHORACIC

PROTHORACIC Pro `tho *rac "ic, a. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: Of or pertaining to the prothorax.

 

PROTHORAX

Pro *tho "rax, n. Etym: [Pref. pro- + thorax. ] (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: The first or anterior segment of the thorax in insects. See Illusts. of Butterfly and Coleoptera.

 

PROTHYALOSOME

PROTHYALOSOME Pro *thy "a *lo *some, n. (Biol.)

 

Defn: Same as Prothyalosoma.

 

PROTIST

PROTIST Pro "tist, n. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: One of the Protista.

 

PROTISTA

Pro *tis "ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. , fr. Gr. prw `tistos first. ] (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: A provisional group in which are placed a number of low microscopic organisms of doubtful nature. Some are probably plants, others animals.

 

PROTISTON

Pro *tis "ton, n.; pl. Protista. Etym: [NL. ] (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: One of the Protista.

 

PROTO-

Pro "to-. Etym: [Gr. prw

 

PROTOCANONICAL

PROTOCANONICAL Pro `to *ca *non "ic *al, a.

 

Defn: Of or pertaining to the first canon, or that which contains the authorized collection of the books of Scripture; -- opposed to deutero-canonical.

 

PROTOCATECHUIC

PROTOCATECHUIC Pro `to *cat `e *chu "ic, a. (Chem. )

 

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline substance from catechin, asafetida, oil of cloves, etc. , and by distillation itself yields pyrocatechin.

 

PROTOCERCAL

Pro `to *cer "cal, a. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: Having a caudal fin extending around the end of the vertebral column, like that which is first formed in the embryo of fishes; diphycercal.

 

PROTOCOCCUS

Pro `to *coc "cus, n. Etym: [NL. See Proto-, and Coccus. ] (Bot. )

 

Defn: A genus of minute unicellular algæ including the red snow plant (Protococcus nivalis ).

 

PROTOCOL

Pro "to *col, n. Etym: [F. protocole, LL. protocollum, fr. Gr. prw

 

PROTOCOL

PROTOCOL Pro "to *col, v. t.

 

Defn: To make a protocol of.

 

PROTOCOL

PROTOCOL Pro "to *col, v. i.

 

Defn: To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue protocols. Carlyle.

 

PROTOCOLIST

PROTOCOLIST Pro "to *col `ist, n.

 

Defn: One who draughts protocols.

 

PROTOCONCH

Pro "to *conch, n. Etym: [Proto- + conch. ] (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: The embryonic shell, or first chamber, of ammonites and other cephalopods.

 

PROTO-DORIC

Pro `to-Dor *ic, a. Etym: [Proto- + Doric. ] (Arch. )

 

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, architecture, in which the beginnings of the Doric style are supposed to be found.

 

PROTOGINE

Pro "to *gine, n. Etym: [Proto- + root of Gr. protogyne.] (Min. )

 

Defn: A kind of granite or gneiss containing a silvery talcose mineral.

 

PROTOGYNOUS

Pro *tog "y *nous, a. Etym: [Proto + Gr. gynh ` a woman. ] (Bot. )

 

Defn: Same as Proterogynous.

 

PROTOHIPPUS

Pro `to *hip "pus, n. Etym: [NL. , from Gr. (Paleon.)

 

Defn: A genus of fossil horses from the Lower Pliocene. They had three toes on each foot, the lateral ones being small.

 

PROTOMARTYR

Pro "to *mar `tyr, n. Etym: [LL. , fr. Gr. protomartyr. See Proto-, and Martyr. ]

 

Defn: The first martyr; the first who suffers, or is sacrificed, in any cause; -- applied esp. to Stephen, the first Christian martyr.

 

PROTOMERITE

Pro `to *mer "ite, n. Etym: [Proto- + -mere + -ite.] (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: The second segment of one of the Gregarinæ.

 

PROTOMETALS

PROTOMETALS Pro `to *met "als, n. pl.

 

Defn: A finer form of metals, indicated by enhanced lines in their spark spectra (which are also observed in the spectra of some stars ), obtained at the highest available laboratory temperatures (Lockyer ); as protocalcium, protochromium, protocopper, protonickel,protosilicon, protostrontium, prototitanium, protovanadium. -- Pro `to *me *tal "ic (#), a.

 

PROTOMORPHIC

Pro `to *mor "phic, a. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Biol.)

 

Defn: Having the most primitive character; in the earliest form; as, a protomorphic layer of tissue. H. Spencer.

 

PROTONEMA

Pro `to *ne "ma, n.; pl. Protonemata. Etym: [NL. , fr. Gr. (Bot. )

 

Defn: The primary growth from the spore of a moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed.

 

PROTONOTARY

PROTONOTARY Pro *ton "o *ta *ry, n.

 

Defn: Same as Prothonotary.

 

PROTOORGANISM; PROTOOERGANISM

Pro `to *ör "gan *ism, n. Etym: [Proto- + organism. ] (Biol.)

 

Defn: An organism whose nature is so difficult to determine that it might be referred to either the animal or the vegetable kingdom.

 

PROTOPAPAS

Pro `to *pap "as (, n. Etym: [NL. , from Gr. (Gr. Ch. )

 

Defn: A protopope.

 

PROTOPHYTE

Pro "to *phyte, n. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Bot. )

 

Defn: Any unicellular plant, or plant forming only a plasmodium, having reproduction only by fission, gemmation, or cell division.

 

Note: The protophytes (Protophyta ) are by some botanists considered an independent branch or class of the vegetable kingdom, and made to include the lowest forms of both fungi and algæ, as slime molds, Bacteria, the nostocs, etc. Cf. Carpophyte, and Oöphyte.

 

PROTOPHYTOLOGY

Pro `to *phy *tol "o *gy, n. Etym: [Proto- + phytology. ]

 

Defn: Paleobotany.

 

PROTOPINE

Pro "to *pine, n. Etym: [Proto- + opium. ] (Chem. )

 

Defn: An alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

 

PROTOPLASM

Pro "to *plasm, n. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Biol.)

 

Defn: The viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and animal cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so-called " physical basis of life; " the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, bioplasm sarcode, etc.

 

Note: The lowest forms of animal and vegetable life (unicellular organisms ) consist of simple or unaltered protoplasm; the tissues of the higher organisms, of differentiated protoplasm.

 

PROTOPLASMATIC

PROTOPLASMATIC Pro `to *plas *mat "ic, a.

 

Defn: Protoplasmic.

 

PROTOPLASMIC

PROTOPLASMIC Pro `to *plas "mic, a.

 

1. Of or pertaining to the first formation of living bodies.

 

2. (Biol.)

 

Defn: Of or pertaining to protoplasm; consisting of, or resembling, protoplasm.

 

PROTOPLAST

Pro "to *plast, n. Etym: [L. protoplastus the first man, Gr.

 

1. The thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies or reproductions; the original.

 

2. (Biol.)

 

Defn: A first-formed organized body; the first individual, or pair of individuals, of a species. A species is a class of individuals, each of which is hypothetically considered to be the descendant of the same protoplast, or of the same pair of protoplasts. Latham.

 

PROTOPLASTA

Pro `to *plas "ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. ] (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: A division of fresh-water rhizopods including those that have a soft body and delicate branched pseudopodia. The genus Gromia is one of the best-known.

 

PROTOPLASTIC

PROTOPLASTIC Pro `to *plas "tic, a.

 

Defn: First-formed. Howell.

 

PROTOPODITE

Pro *top "o *dite, n. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: The basal portion, or two proximal and more or less consolidated segments, of an appendage of a crustacean.

 

PROTOPOPE

Pro "to *pope, n. Etym: [Proto- + pope: cf. F. protopope, Russ. protopop'.] (Gr. Ch. )

 

Defn: One of the clergy of first rank in the lower order of secular clergy; an archpriest; -- called also protopapas.

 

PROTOPTERUS

Pro *top "te *rus, n. Etym: [NL. , from Gr. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: See Komtok.

 

PROTOSALT

Pro "to *salt, n. Etym: [Proto- + salt. ] (Chem. )

 

Defn: A salt derived from a protoxide base. [Obs. ]

 

PROTOSILICATE

Pro `to *sil "i *cate, n. Etym: [Proto- + silicate. ] (Chem. )

 

Defn: A silicate formed with the lowest proportion of silicic acid, or having but one atom of silicon in the molecule.

 

PROTOSOMITE

Pro `to *so "mite, n. Etym: [Proto- + somite. ] (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: One of the primitive segments, or metameres, of an animal.

 

PROTOSULPHIDE

Pro `to *sul "phide, n. Etym: [Proto- + sulphide. ] (Chem. )

 

Defn: That one of a series of sulphides of any element which has the lowest proportion of sulphur; a sulphide with but one atom of sulphur in the molecule.

 

PROTOSULPHURET

Pro `to *sul "phu *ret, n. Etym: [Proto- + sulphuret. ] (Chem. )

 

Defn: A protosulphide. [Obs. ]

 

PROTOTHERIA

Pro `to *the "ri *a n. pl. Etym: [NL. , from Gr. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: Same as Monotremata.

 

PROTOTRACHEATA

Pro `to *tra `che *a "ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Proto-, and Trachea. ](Zoöl.)

 

Defn: Same as Malacopoda.

 

PROTOTYPE

Pro "to *type, n. Etym: [F., from L. prototypus original, primitive, Gr. Proto-, and Type ]

 

Defn: An original or model after which anything is copied; the pattern of anything to be engraved, or otherwise copied, cast, or the like; a primary form; exemplar; archetype. They will turn their backs on it, like their great precursor and prototype. Burke.

 

PROTOVERTEBRA

Pro `to *ver "te *bra, n.; pl. Protovertebræ. Etym: [Proto- + vertebra. ](Anat. )

 

Defn: One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side of the anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or protovertebral, somite. See Illust. of Ectoderm.

 

Note: The protovertebræ were long regarded as rudiments of the permanent vertebræ, but they are now known to give rise to the dorsal muscles and other structures as well as the vertebral column. See Myotome.

 

PROTOVERTEBRAL

PROTOVERTEBRAL Pro `to *ver "te *bral, a. (Anat. )

 

Defn: Of or pertaining to the protovertebræ.

 

PROTOXIDE

Pro *tox "ide, n. Etym: [Proto- + oxide: cf. F. protoxide. ] (Chem. )

 

Defn: That one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion of oxygen. See Proto-, 2 (b ). protoxide of nitrogen, laughing gas, now called hyponitrous oxideNO. See under Laughing.

 

PROTOXIDIZE

PROTOXIDIZE Pro *tox "i *dize, v. t. (Chem. )

 

Defn: To combine with oxygen, as any elementary substance, in such proportion as to form a protoxide.

 

PROTOZOA

Pro `to *zo "a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. , fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: The lowest of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.

 

Note: The entire animal consists of a single cell which is variously modified; but in many species a number of these simple zooids are united together so as to form a compound body or organism, as in the Foraminifera and Vorticellæ. The reproduction takes place by fission, or by the breaking up of the contents of the body after encystment, each portion becoming a distinct animal, or in other ways, but never by true eggs. The principal divisions are Rhizopoda, Gregarinæ, and Infusoria. See also Foraminifera, Heliozoa, Protoplasta, Radiolaria, Flagellata, Ciliata.

 

PROTOZOAN

PROTOZOAN Pro `to *zo "an, a. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Protozoa. -- n.

 

Defn: One of the Protozoa.

 

PROTOZOIC

PROTOZOIC Pro `to *zo "ic, a.

 

1. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Protozoa.

 

2. (Geol.)

 

Defn: Containing remains of the earliest discovered life of the globe, which included mollusks, radiates and protozoans.

 

PROTOZOON; PROTOZOOEN

Pro `to *zo "ön (-ôn ), n.; pl. Protozoa. Etym: [NL. ] (Zoöl.)(a ) One of the Protozoa. (b ) A single zooid of a compound protozoan.

 

PROTOZOONITE; PROTOZOOENITE

PROTOZOONITE; PROTOZOOENITE Pro `to *zo "ö *nite, n. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: One of the primary, or first-formed, segments of an embryonic arthropod.

 

PROTRACHEATA

Pro *tra `che *a "ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pro-, and Trachea. ] (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: Same as Malacopoda.

 

PROTRACT

Pro *tract ", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protracted; p. pr. vb. n.Protracting. ] Etym: [L. protractus, p. p. of protrahere to forth, protract; pro forward + trahere to draw. See Portrait, Portray. ]

 

1. To draw out or lengthen in time or (rarely ) in space; to continue; to prolong; as, to protract an argument; to protract a war.

 

2. To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; as, to protract a decision or duty. Shak.

 

3. (Surv.)

 

Defn: To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, with scale and protractor; to plot.

 

4. (Zoöl.)

 

Defn: To extend; to protrude; as, the cat can protract its claws; -- opposed to retract.

 

PROTRACT

Pro *tract ", n. Etym: [L. protractus.]

 

Defn: Tedious continuance or delay. [Obs. ] Spenser.

 

PROTRACTED

PROTRACTED Pro *tract `ed, a.

 

Defn: Prolonged; continued. Protracted meeting, a religious meeting continued for many successive days. [U. S.] -- Pro *tract "ed *ly, adv. -- Pro *tract "ed *ness, n.

 

PROTRACTER

PROTRACTER Pro *tract "er, n.

 

Defn: A protractor.

 

PROTRACTILE

PROTRACTILE Pro *tract "ile, a.

 

Defn: Capable of being protracted, or protruded; protrusile.

 

PROTRACTION

Pro *trac "tion, n. Etym: [L. protractio.]

 

1. A drawing out, or continuing; the act of delaying the termination of a thing; prolongation; continuance; delay; as, the protraction of a debate. A protraction only of what is worst in life. Mallock.

 

2. (Surv.) (a ) The act or process of making a plot on paper. (b ) A plot on paper.

 

PROTRACTIVE

PROTRACTIVE Pro *tract "ive, a.

 

Defn: Drawing out or lengthening in time; prolonging; continuing; delaying. He suffered their protractive arts. Dryden.

 

PROTRACTOR

PROTRACTOR Pro *tract "or, n.

 

1. One who, or that which, protracts, or causes protraction.

 

2. A mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on paper, used in drawing or in plotting. It is of various forms, semicircular, rectangular, or circular.

 

3. (Surg.)

 

Defn: An instrument formerly used in extracting foreign or offensive matter from a wound.

 

4. (Anat. )

 

Defn: A muscle which extends an organ or part; -- opposed to retractor.

 

5. An adjustable pattern used by tailors. Knight.

 

PROTREPTICAL

Pro *trep "tic *al, a. Etym: [Gr.

 

Defn: Adapted to persuade; hortatory; persuasive. [Obs. ] Bp. Ward.

 

PROTRUDABLE

PROTRUDABLE Pro *trud "a *ble, a.

 

Defn: That may be protruded; protrusile. Darwin.

 

PROTRUDE

Pro *trude ", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protruded; p. pr. & vb. n.Protruding. ] Etym: [L. protrudere, protrusum; pro forward + trudere to thrust. See Threat. ]

 

1. To thrust forward; to drive or force along. Locke.

 

2. To thrust out, as through a narrow orifice or from confinement; to cause to come forth. When. .. Spring protrudes the bursting gems. Thomson.

 

PROTRUDE

PROTRUDE Pro *trude ", v. i.

 

Defn: To shoot out or forth; to be thrust forward; to extend beyond a limit; to project. The parts protrude beyond the skin. Bacon.

 

PROTRUSILE

PROTRUSILE Pro *tru "sile, a.

 

Defn: Capable of being protruded or thrust out; protractile; protrusive.

 

PROTRUSION

PROTRUSION Pro *tru "sion, n.

 

1. The act of protruding or thrusting forward, or beyond the usual limit.

 

2. The state of being protruded, or thrust forward.

 

PROTRUSIVE

PROTRUSIVE Pro *tru "sive, a.

 

1. Thrusting or impelling forward; as, protrusive motion. E. Darwin.

 

2. Capable of being protruded; protrusile.

 

PROTRUSIVELY

PROTRUSIVELY Pro *tru "sive *ly, adv.

 

Defn: In a protrusive manner.

 

PROTUBERANCE

Pro *tu "ber *ance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. protubérance. See Protuberant. ]

 

Defn: That which is protuberant swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; a swelling or tumor on the body; a prominence; a bunch or knob; an elevation. Solar protuberances (Astron.), certain rose-colored masses on the limb of the sun which are seen to extend beyond the edge of the moon at the time of a solar eclipse. They may be discovered with the spectroscope on any clear day. Called also solar prominences. See Illust. in Append.

 

Syn. -- Projection, Protuberance. protuberance differs from projection, being applied to parts that rise from the surface with a gradual ascent or small angle; whereas a projection may be at a right angle with the surface.

 

PROTUBERANCY

PROTUBERANCY Pro *tu "ber *an *cy, n.

 

Defn: The quality or state of being protuberant; protuberance; prominence.

 

PROTUBERANT

Pro *tu "ber *ant, a. Etym: [L. protuberans, -antis, p. pr. of protuberare. See Protuberate. ]

 

Defn: Prominent, or excessively prominent; bulging beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; swelling; as, a protuberant joint; a protuberant eye. -- Pro *tu "ber *ant *ly, adv.

 

PROTUBERATE

Pro *tu "ber *ate, v. i. Etym: [L. protuberare; pro forward + tuber a hump, protuberance. See Tuber. ]

 

Defn: To swell, or be prominent, beyond the adjacent surface; to bulge out. S. Sharp.

 

PROTUBERATION

PROTUBERATION Pro *tu `ber *a "tion, n.

 

Defn: The act of swelling beyond the surrounding surface. Cooke (1615 ).

 

PROTUBEROUS

PROTUBEROUS Pro *tu "ber *ous, a.

 

Defn: Protuberant. [R.]

 

PROTURETER

Pro `tu *re "ter, n. Etym: [NL. See Proto-, Ureter. ] (Anat. )

 

Defn: The duct of a pronephros. Haeckel.

 

PROTYLE

Pro "tyle, n. Etym: [Proto- + Gr. (Chem. & Astron.)

 

Defn: The hypothetical homogeneous cosmic material of the original universe, supposed to have been differentiated into what are recognized as distinct chemical elements.

 

New American Oxford Dictionary

prot-

prot- ▶comb. form variant spelling of proto- before a vowel (as in protamine ).

 

protactinium

prot ac tin i um |ˌprōˌtakˈtinēəm ˌproʊˌtækˈtiniəm | ▶noun the chemical element of atomic number 91, a radioactive metal of the actinide series, occurring in small amounts as a product of the natural decay of uranium. (Symbol: Pa ) ORIGIN early 20th cent.: from proto- ‘original, earlier ’ + actinium, so named because one of its isotopes decays to form actinium.

 

protagonist

pro tag o nist |prōˈtagənist, prō -prəˈtæɡənəst | ▶noun the leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text. • the main figure or one of the most prominent figures in a real situation: in this colonial struggle, the main protagonists were Great Britain and France. • an advocate or champion of a particular cause or idea: a strenuous protagonist of the new agricultural policy. ORIGIN late 17th cent.: from Greek prōtagōnistēs, from prōtos ‘first in importance ’ + agōnistēs ‘actor. ’ usage: The first sense of protagonist, as originally used in connection with ancient Greek drama, is ‘the main character in a play. ’ In the early 20th century, a new sense arose meaning ‘a supporter of a cause ’: a strenuous protagonist of the new agricultural policy. This new sense probably arose by analogy with antagonist, the pro- in protagonist being interpreted as meaning ‘in favor of. ’ In fact, the prot- in protagonist derives from the Greek root meaning ‘first. ’ Protagonist is best used in its original dramatic, theatrical sense, not as a synonym for supporter or proponent. Further, because of its basic meaning of ‘leading character, ’ such usage as the play's half-dozen protagonists were well cast blurs the word's distinctiveness; characters, instead of protagonists, would be more precise.

 

protamine

prot a mine |ˈprōtəˌmēn ˈproʊdəˌmin | ▶noun Biochemistry any of a group of simple proteins found combined with nucleic acids, esp. in fish sperm. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from proto- ‘original ’ + amine .

 

protandrous

prot an drous |prōtˈandrəs proʊˈtændrəs | ▶adjective Botany & Zoology (of a hermaphrodite flower or animal ) having the male reproductive organs come to maturity before the female. The opposite of protogynous. DERIVATIVES prot an dry |-ˈandrē |noun

 

protanope

pro ta nope |ˈprōtəˌnōp ˈproʊdəˌnoʊp | ▶noun a person suffering from protanopia.

 

protanopia

pro ta no pi a |ˌprōtəˈnōpēə ˌproʊdəˈnoʊpiə | ▶noun color-blindness resulting from insensitivity to red light, causing confusion of greens, reds, and yellows. It is hereditary and is the most common form of color-blindness. Also called daltonism. Compare with deuteranopia, tritanopia. ORIGIN early 20th cent.: from proto- ‘original ’ (red being regarded as the first component of color vision ) + an- 1 ‘lacking ’ + -opia .

 

protasis

prot a sis |ˈprätəsəs ˈprɑdəsəs | ▶noun ( pl. protases |-ˌsēz | ) Grammar the clause expressing the condition in a conditional sentence (e.g., if you asked me in if you asked me I would agree ). Often contrasted with apodosis. ORIGIN late 16th cent.: via Latin from Greek protasis ‘proposition, ’ from pro ‘before ’ + teinein ‘to stretch. ’

 

protea

pro te a |ˈprōtēə ˈproʊdiə | ▶noun an evergreen shrub or small tree with large nectar-rich conelike flower heads surrounded by brightly colored bracts, chiefly native to South Africa. [Genus Protea, family Proteaceae: many species, including P. repens, which was formerly used as a source of sweet syrup. ] ORIGIN modern Latin, from Proteus, with reference to the many species of the genus.

 

protean

pro te an |ˈprōtēən, prōˈtēən ˈproʊdiən proʊˈtiən | ▶adjective tending or able to change frequently or easily: it is difficult to comprehend the whole of this protean subject. • able to do many different things; versatile: Shostakovich was a remarkably protean composer, one at home in a wide range of styles. DERIVATIVES pro te an ism |-ˌnizəm |noun ORIGIN late 16th cent.: from Proteus + -an .

 

protease

pro te ase |ˈprōtēˌāz, -ˌās ˈproʊdiˌeɪz | ▶noun Biochemistry an enzyme that breaks down proteins and peptides. ORIGIN early 20th cent.: from protein + -ase .

 

protease inhibitor

pro te ase in hib i tor ▶noun a substance that breaks down protease, thereby inhibiting the replication of certain cells and viruses, including HIV.

 

proteasome

pro te a some |ˈprōtēəˌsōm ˈproʊtiəsoʊm | ▶noun a protein complex in cells containing proteases; it breaks down proteins that have been tagged by ubiquitin.

 

protec.

protec. ▶abbreviation protectorate.

 

protect

pro tect |prəˈtekt prəˈtɛkt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] keep safe from harm or injury: he tried to protect Kelly from the attack | [ no obj. ] : certain vitamins may protect against heart disease. • (often as adj. protected ) aim to preserve (a threatened plant or animal species ) by legislating against collecting or hunting. • (often as adj. protected ) restrict by law access to or development of (land ) so as to preserve its natural state: logging is continuing in protected areas in violation of an international agreement. • (of an insurance policy ) promise to pay (someone ) an agreed amount in the event of loss, injury, fire, theft, or other misfortune: in the event of your death, your family will be protected against any financial problems that may arise. • Economics shield (a domestic industry ) from competition by imposing import duties on foreign goods. • Computing restrict access to or use of (data or a memory location ): security products are designed to protect information from unauthorized access. DERIVATIVES pro tect a ble adjective ORIGIN late Middle English: from Latin protect- ‘covered in front, ’ from the verb protegere, from pro- ‘in front ’ + tegere ‘to cover. ’

 

protectant

pro tect ant |prəˈtektənt prəˈtɛktənt | ▶noun a substance that provides protection, e.g., against disease or ultraviolet radiation.

 

protection

pro tec tion |prəˈtekSHən prəˈtɛkʃən | ▶noun the action of protecting someone or something, or the state of being protected: the B vitamins give protection against infection | his son was put under police protection. • a person or thing that prevents someone or something from suffering harm or injury: the castle was built as protection against the Saxons | [ in sing. ] : a protection against the evil eye. • (usu. protections ) a legal or other formal measure intended to preserve civil liberties and rights. • a document guaranteeing immunity from harm to the person specified in it. • the practice of paying money to criminals so as to prevent them from attacking oneself or one's property: [ as modifier ] : a protection racket | protection money. • money paid to criminals on this basis, esp. on a regular basis. • archaic used euphemistically to refer to the keeping of a mistress by her lover in a separate establishment: she was living under his lordship's protection at Gloucester Gate. ORIGIN Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin protectio (n- ), from protegere ‘cover in front ’ (see protect ).

 

protectionism

pro tec tion ism |prəˈtekSHəˌnizəm prəˈtɛkʃəˌnɪzəm | ▶noun Economics the theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports. DERIVATIVES pro tec tion ist noun & adjective

 

protective

pro tec tive |prəˈtektiv prəˈtɛktɪv | ▶adjective capable of or intended to protect someone or something: protective gloves are worn to minimize injury. • having or showing a strong wish to keep someone or something safe from harm: I felt protective toward her | Marco wrapped a protective arm around her shoulder. • Economics of or relating to the protection of domestic industries from foreign competition: protective tariffs. DERIVATIVES pro tec tive ly adverb, pro tec tive ness noun

 

protective coloration

pro tec tive col or a tion (also protective coloring ) ▶noun coloring that disguises or camouflages a plant or animal.

 

protective custody

pro tec tive cus to dy |prəˈtɛktɪv ˈkəstədi | ▶noun the detention of a person for their own protection: they were being held in protective custody during the trial.

 

protective order

pro tec tive or der ▶noun a court order instructing a person to desist from abusing or harassing the petitioner (usu. a related person ) for a fixed period: a protective order against the man accused of setting his wife on fire.

 

protector

pro tec tor |prəˈtektər prəˈtɛktər | ▶noun 1 a person or thing that protects someone or something: ear protectors | a passionate protector of animal rights. 2 (chiefly Protector ) historical a person in charge of a kingdom during the minority, absence, or incapacity of the sovereign. • (also Lord Protector ) the title of the head of state in England during the later period of the Commonwealth between 1653 and 1659, first Oliver Cromwell (1653 –58 ), then his son Richard (1658 –59 ). DERIVATIVES pro tec tor al |-rəl |adjective, pro tec tor ship |-ˌSHip |noun

 

protectorate

pro tec tor ate |prəˈtektərət prəˈtɛkt (ə )rət | ▶noun 1 a state that is controlled and protected by another. • the relationship between a state of this kind and the one that controls it: a French protectorate had been established over Tunis. 2 (usu. Protectorate ) historical the position or period of office of a Protector, esp. that in England of Oliver and Richard Cromwell.

 

protectress

pro tect ress |prəˈtektris prəˈtɛktrɪs | ▶noun a female protector.

 

protégé

pro té gé |ˈprōtəˌZHā, ˌprōtəˈZHā ˈproʊdəˌʒeɪ |(also protege ) ▶noun a person who is guided and supported by an older and more experienced or influential person: he was an aide and protégé of the former Tennessee senator. ORIGIN late 18th cent.: French, literally ‘protected, ’ past participle of protéger, from Latin protegere ‘cover in front ’ (see protect ).

 

protégée

pro té gée |ˈprōtəˌZHā, ˌprōtəˈZHā ˈproʊdəˌʒeɪ |(also protegee ) ▶noun a female protégé.

 

protein

pro tein |ˈprōˌtē (ə )n ˈproʊˌtin | ▶noun any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, esp. as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc. , and as enzymes and antibodies. • such substances collectively, esp. as a dietary component: a diet high in protein. DERIVATIVES pro tein a ceous |ˌprōˌtē (ə )ˈnāSHəs, ˌprōtnˈā - |adjective ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from French protéine, German Protein, from Greek prōteios ‘primary, ’ from prōtos ‘first. ’

 

proteinase

pro tein ase |ˈprōtnˌās, ˈprōˌtēn -, -ˌāz ˈproʊdiˌneɪs | ▶noun another term for endopeptidase.

 

protein engineering

pro |tein en ¦gin |eer |ing ▶noun [ mass noun ] the manipulation of the structures of proteins so as to produce desired properties, or the synthesis of proteins with particular structures.

 

proteinoid

pro tein oid |ˈprōtnˌoid, ˈprōˌtēn -ˈproʊdiˌnɔɪd | ▶noun Biochemistry a polypeptide or mixture of polypeptides obtained by heating a mixture of amino acids.

 

proteinuria

pro tein u ri a |ˌprōtnˈ (y )o͝orēə, ˌprōˌtēn -ˌproʊdiˈnjʊriə | ▶noun Medicine the presence of abnormal quantities of protein in the urine, which may indicate damage to the kidneys.

 

proteoglycan

pro te o gly can |ˌprōtēəˈglīˌkan ˌproʊdiəˈɡlaɪkæn | ▶noun Biochemistry a compound consisting of a protein bonded to glycosaminoglycan groups, present esp. in connective tissue.

 

proteolysis

pro te ol y sis |ˌprōtēˈäləsəs ˌproʊdiˈɑləsəs | ▶noun Biochemistry the breakdown of proteins or peptides into amino acids by the action of enzymes. DERIVATIVES pro te o lyt ic |-əˈlitik |adjective, pro te o lyt i cal ly |-əˈlitik (ə )lē |adverb ORIGIN late 19th cent.: modern Latin, from protein + -lysis .

 

proteome

pro te ome |ˈprōtēˌōm ˈproʊtɪoʊm | ▶noun Genetics the entire complement of proteins that is or can be expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism: now that the human genome has been deciphered, much of the fanfare surrounding it has transferred to the proteome. ORIGIN 1990s: a blend of protein and genome .

 

proteomics

pro te om ics |ˌprōtēˈämiks ˌproʊtɪˈɔmɪks | ▶plural noun [ treated as singular ] the branch of molecular biology concerned with determining the proteome. DERIVATIVES pro te om ic adjective

 

Proterozoic

Prot er o zo ic |ˌprōtərəˈzōik ˌproʊtərəˈzoʊɪk | ▶adjective Geology of, relating to, or denoting the eon that constitutes the later part of the Precambrian, between the Archean eon and the Cambrian period, in which the earliest forms of life evolved. • (as noun the Proterozoic ) the Proterozoic eon or the system of rocks deposited during it. The Proterozoic lasted from about 2,500 million to 570 million years ago. For millions of years only bacteria, algae, and other simple organisms existed, and the early invertebrates that followed were soft-bodied and rarely left any trace in the form of fossils. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from Greek proteros ‘former ’ + zōē ‘life, ’ zōos ‘living ’ + -ic .

 

protest

pro test ▶noun |ˈprōˌtest ˈproʊˌtɛst | 1 a statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something: the Hungarian team lodged an official protest | two senior scientists resigned in protest . • an organized public demonstration expressing strong objection to a policy or course of action adopted by those in authority: [ as modifier ] : a protest march. 2 Law a written declaration, typically by a notary public, that a bill has been presented and payment or acceptance refused. ▶verb |prəˈtest, prōˈtest prəˈtɛst, ˈprōˌtest | 1 [ no obj. ] express an objection to what someone has said or done: she wouldn't let him pay, and he didn't protest. • publicly demonstrate strong objection to a policy or course of action adopted by those in authority: doctors and patients protested against plans to cut services at the hospital. • [ with obj. ] publicly demonstrate such objection to (a policy or course of action ): the workers were protesting economic measures enacted a week earlier. 2 [ reporting verb ] declare (something ) firmly and emphatically in the face of stated or implied doubt or in response to an accusation: [ with direct speech ] : “I'm not being coy! ” Lucy protested | [ with obj. ] : she has always protested her innocence. 3 [ with obj. ] Law write or obtain a protest in regard to (a bill ). PHRASES under protest after expressing one's objection or reluctance; unwillingly: “I'm only here under protest, ” Jenna said shortly. DERIVATIVES pro test ing ly adverb ORIGIN late Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘make a solemn declaration ’): from Old French protester, from Latin protestari, from pro- ‘forth, publicly ’ + testari ‘assert ’ (from testis ‘witness ’).

 

Protestant

Prot es tant |ˈprätəstənt ˈprɑdəstənt | ▶noun a member or follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches. Protestants are so called after the declaration ( protestatio ) of Martin Luther and his supporters dissenting from the decision of the Diet of Spires (1529 ), which reaffirmed the edict of the Diet of Worms against the Reformation. All Protestants reject the authority of the papacy, both religious and political, and find authority in the text of the Bible. ▶adjective of, relating to, or belonging to any of the Protestant churches. DERIVATIVES Prot es tant i za tion |ˌprätəstəntəˈzāSHən |noun, Prot es tant ize |-īz |verb ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: via German or French from Latin protestant- ‘protesting, ’ from protestari (see protest ).

 

Protestant ascendancy

Prot |est |ant as ¦cend |ancy ▶noun historical the domination of the Anglo-Irish Protestant minority in Ireland, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries. • the members of the landed aristocracy comprising the Anglo-Irish Protestant minority in Ireland.

 

Protestant ethic

Prot es tant eth ic |ˈprɑdəstənt ˈɛθɪk |(also Protestant work ethic ) ▶noun the view that a person's duty is to achieve success through hard work and thrift, such success being a sign that one is saved. ORIGIN translating German die protestantische Ethik, coined (1904 ) by the economist Max Weber in his thesis on the relationship between the teachings of Calvin and the rise of capitalism.

 

Protestantism

Prot es tant ism |ˈprätəstəntˌizəm ˈprɑdəstənˌtɪzəm | ▶noun the faith, practice, and church order of the Protestant churches. • adherence to the forms of Christian doctrine that are generally regarded as Protestant rather than Catholic or Eastern Orthodox.

 

protestation

prot es ta tion |ˌprätəˈstāSHən, ˌprōˌtesˈtā -ˌprɑdəˈsteɪʃən | ▶noun an emphatic declaration that something is or is not the case: her protestations of innocence were in vain | no amount of protestation to the contrary made any difference. • an objection or protest: he was warned by the referee for his loud protestations. ORIGIN Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin protestatio (n- ), from protestari ‘to protest ’ (see protest ).

 

protester

pro test er |ˈprōˌtestər, prəˈtes -prəˈtestər |(also protestor ) ▶noun a person who publicly demonstrates strong objection to something; a demonstrator: the decision was hailed by protesters against the closure as a triumph.

 

Proteus

Pro te us |ˈprōtēəs, ˈprōˌt (y )o͞os ˈproʊdiəs | 1 Greek Mythology a minor sea god who had the power of prophecy but who would assume different shapes to avoid answering questions. 2 Astronomy a satellite of Neptune, the sixth closest to the planet, discovered by the Voyager 2 space probe in 1989, and having a diameter of 261 miles (420 km ).

 

proteus

pro te us |ˈprōteəs ˈproʊdiəs | ▶noun a bacterium found in the intestines of animals and in the soil. [Genus Proteus; motile Gram-negative rods. ] ORIGIN early 19th cent.: from Proteus .

 

prothalamion

pro tha la mi on |ˌprōTHəˈlāmēən ˌproʊθəˈleɪmiən |(also prothalamium |-mēəm |) ▶noun ( pl. prothalamia |-mēə | ) literary a song or poem celebrating an upcoming wedding. ORIGIN late 16th cent.: from Prothalamion, the title of a poem by Spenser, on the pattern of epithalamium .

 

prothallus

pro thal lus |prōˈTHaləs proʊˈθæləs | ▶noun ( pl. prothalli |-ˈTHalē, ˈTHalˌī | ) Botany the gametophyte of ferns and other primitive plants. DERIVATIVES pro thal li al |-ˈTHalēəl |adjective ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: modern Latin, from pro- 2 ‘before, earlier ’ + Greek thallos ‘green shoot. ’

 

prothesis

proth e sis |ˈpräTHəsəs ˈprɑθəsəs | ▶noun ( pl. protheses |-ˌsēz | ) 1 Christian Church (esp. in the Orthodox Church ) the action of placing the Eucharistic elements on the credence table. • a credence table. • the part of a church where the credence table stands. 2 another term for prosthesis ( sense 2 ). DERIVATIVES pro thet ic |prəˈTHetik |adjective ORIGIN late 16th cent. ( sense 2 ): from Greek, ‘placing before or in public view, ’ from pro ‘before ’ + thesis ‘placing. ’

 

prothonotary

pro thon o tar y |prōˈTHänəˌterē, ˌprōTHəˈnōtərē | ▶noun variant spelling of protonotary.

 

prothonotary warbler

pro thon o tar y war bler ▶noun a North American warbler, the male of which has a golden-yellow head, breast, and underparts. [Protonotaria citrea, subfamily Parulinae, family Emberizidae. ] ORIGIN late 18th cent.: named with reference to the saffron color of the robes worn by clerks to the pope (see Protonotary Apostolic ).

 

prothorax

pro tho rax |prōˈTHôrˌaks proʊˈθɔræks | ▶noun ( pl. prothoraxes or prothoraces |-ˈTHôrəˌsēz | ) Entomology the anterior segment of the thorax of an insect, not bearing any wings. DERIVATIVES pro tho rac ic |ˌprōTHəˈrasik |adjective

 

prothrombin

pro throm bin |prōˈTHrämbən proʊˈθrɑmbən | ▶noun Biochemistry a protein present in blood plasma that is converted into active thrombin during coagulation.

 

Protista

Pro tis ta |prōˈtistə proʊˈtɪstə |Biology a kingdom or large grouping that comprises mostly single-celled organisms such as the protozoa, simple algae and fungi, slime molds, and (formerly ) the bacteria. They are now divided among up to thirty phyla, and some have both plant and animal characteristics. DERIVATIVES pro tist |ˈprōtəst, ˈprōˌtist |noun, pro tis tan |prōˈtistən |adjective & noun, pro tis tol o gy |ˌprōtəˈstäləjē, ˌprōˌtisˈtäl - |noun ORIGIN modern Latin (plural ), from Greek prōtista, neuter plural of prōtistos ‘very first, ’ superlative of prōtos ‘first. ’

 

protium

pro ti um |ˈprōtēəm, ˈprōSH (ē )əm ˈproʊdiəm | ▶noun Chemistry the common, stable isotope of hydrogen, as distinct from deuterium and tritium. ORIGIN 1930s: modern Latin, from Greek prōtos ‘first. ’

 

proto-

proto- |ˈproʊdoʊ |(usu. prot- before a vowel ) ▶comb. form original; primitive: prototherian | prototype. • first; anterior; relating to a precursor: protomartyr | protozoan. ORIGIN from Greek prōtos ‘first. ’

 

protoceratops

pro to cer a tops |ˌprōtəˈserəˌtäps ˌproʊtəˈsɛrətɑps | ▶noun a small quadrupedal dinosaur of the late Cretaceous period, having a bony frill above the neck and probably ancestral to triceratops. The fossilized remains of many individuals and their eggs have been found in Mongolia. [Genus Protoceratops, infraorder Ceratopsia, order Ornithischia. ]

 

protocol

pro to col |ˈprōtəˌkôl, -ˌkäl ˈproʊdəˌkɔl ˈproʊdəˌkɑl | ▶noun 1 the official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or diplomatic occasions: protocol forbids the prince from making any public statement in his defense. • the accepted or established code of procedure or behavior in any group, organization, or situation: what is the protocol at a conference if one's neighbor dozes off during the speeches? • Computing a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices. 2 the original draft of a diplomatic document, esp. of the terms of a treaty agreed to in conference and signed by the parties. • an amendment or addition to a treaty or convention: a protocol to the treaty allowed for this Danish referendum. 3 a formal or official record of scientific experimental observations. • a procedure for carrying out a scientific experiment or a course of medical treatment. ORIGIN late Middle English (denoting the original record of an agreement, forming the legal authority for future dealings relating to it ): from Old French prothocole, via medieval Latin from Greek prōtokollon ‘first page, flyleaf, ’ from prōtos ‘first ’ + kolla ‘glue. ’ Sense 1 derives from French protocole, the collection of set forms of etiquette to be observed by the French head of state, and the name of the government department responsible for this (in the 19th cent ).

 

Protoctista

Pro toc tis ta |ˌprōtäkˈtistə ˌproʊtɑkˈtɪstə |Biology a kingdom or large grouping that is either synonymous with the Protista or equivalent to the Protista together with their multicellular descendants. DERIVATIVES pro toc tist |ˈprōtäkˌtist |noun ORIGIN modern Latin (plural ), based on Greek prōtos ‘first. ’

 

protogalaxy

pro to gal ax y |ˌprōtōˈgaləksē ˌproʊdoʊˈɡæləksi | ▶noun ( pl. protogalaxies ) Astronomy a vast mass of gas from which a galaxy is thought to develop. DERIVATIVES pro to ga lac tic |-gəˈlaktik |adjective

 

Proto-Germanic

Pro to-Ger man ic |ˌprōtōjərˈmänik ˌproʊdoʊ ʤərˈmɑnɪk | ▶noun see Germanic.

 

protogynous

pro to gy nous |ˌprōtəˈjīnəs, prōˈtäjənəs proʊˈtɑʤənəs | ▶adjective Botany & Zoology (of a hermaphrodite flower or animal ) having the female reproductive organs come to maturity before the male. The opposite of protandrous. DERIVATIVES pro tog y ny |ˈprōtəˌjīnē, prōˈtäjənē |noun

 

protohuman

pro to hu man |ˌprōtōˈ (h )yo͞omən ˌproʊdoʊˈhjumən |Anthropology ▶noun a hypothetical prehistoric primate, resembling humans and thought to be their ancestor, whose profile has been compiled mainly from fossil evidence. ▶adjective relating to or denoting such a primate.

 

Proto-Indo-European

Pro to-In do-Eu ro pe an |ˈˌproʊdoʊ ˌ (w )ɪndoʊ ˌjurəˈpiən | ▶noun the unrecorded language from which all Indo-European languages are hypothesized to derive. See Indo-European. ▶adjective of or relating to this language.

 

protolanguage

pro to lan guage |ˈprōtōˌlaNG (g )wij ˈproʊtoʊˌlæŋ (ɡ )wɪdʒ | ▶noun a hypothetical undocumented parent language from which actual languages are derived.

 

protomartyr

pro to mar tyr |ˈprōtōˌmärtər ˌproʊdoʊˈmɑrdər | ▶noun the first martyr for a cause, esp. the first Christian martyr, St. Stephen.

 

proton

pro ton |ˈprōˌtän ˈproʊˌtɑn | ▶noun Physics a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign. The mass of the proton is 1,836 times greater than that of the electron. The atoms of each chemical element have a characteristic number of protons in the nucleus; this is known as the atomic number. The common isotope of hydrogen has a nucleus consisting of a single proton. DERIVATIVES pro ton ic |prōˈtänik |adjective ORIGIN 1920s: from Greek, neuter of prōtos ‘first. ’

 

protonate

pro ton ate |ˈprōtnˌāt ˈproʊtneɪt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] Chemistry transfer a proton to (a molecule, group, or atom ), so that a coordinate bond to the proton is formed. DERIVATIVES pro to na tion |ˌprōtnˈāSHən |noun

 

protonotary

pro ton o tar y |prōˈtänəˌterē, ˌprōtəˈnōtərē ˌproʊdəˈnoʊdəri |(also prothonotary ) ▶noun ( pl. protonotaries ) chiefly historical a chief clerk in some courts of law, originally in the Byzantine court. ORIGIN late Middle English: via medieval Latin from late Greek prōtonotarios, from prōtos ‘first ’ + notarios ‘notary. ’

 

Protonotary Apostolic

Pro ton o tar y Ap os tol ic ▶noun ( pl. Protonotaries Apostolic ) a member of the Roman Catholic college of prelates who register papal acts and direct the canonization of saints.

 

protopathic

pro to path ic |ˌprōtəˈpaTHik ˌproʊdəˈpæθɪk | ▶adjective Physiology relating to or denoting those sensory nerve fibers of the skin that are capable of discriminating only among such relatively coarse stimuli as heat, cold, and pain. Often contrasted with epicritic. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from proto- ‘primitive ’ + Greek pathos ‘suffering, feeling ’ + -ic .

 

protoplasm

pro to plasm |ˈprōtəˌplazəm ˈproʊdəˌplæzəm | ▶noun Biology the colorless material comprising the living part of a cell, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles. DERIVATIVES pro to plas mic |ˌprōtəˈplazmik |adjective ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from Greek prōtoplasma (see proto-, plasma ).

 

protoplast

pro to plast |ˈprōtəˌplast ˈproʊdəˌplæst | ▶noun chiefly Botany the protoplasm of a living plant or bacterial cell whose cell wall has been removed. DERIVATIVES pro to plas tic |ˌprōtəˈplastik |adjective ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from Greek prōtoplastos ‘first formed, ’ from prōtos ‘first ’ + plassein ‘to mold. ’

 

protopodite

pro top o dite |prəˈtäpəˌdīt prəˈtɑpədaɪt |(also protopod |ˈprōtəˌpäd |) ▶noun Zoology the basal segments of the biramous limb or appendage of a crustacean. Compare with endopodite, exopodite. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from proto- ‘early, original ’ + Greek pous, pod- ‘foot ’ + -ite 1 .

 

protostar

pro to star |ˈprōtəˌstär ˈproʊdəˌstɑr | ▶noun Astronomy a contracting mass of gas that represents an early stage in the formation of a star, before nucleosynthesis has begun.

 

protostome

pro to stome |ˈprōtəˌstōm ˈproʊdəˌstoʊm | ▶noun Zoology a multicellular organism whose mouth develops from a primary embryonic opening, such as an annelid, mollusk, or arthropod. ORIGIN 1950s: from proto- ‘primitive ’ + Greek stoma ‘mouth. ’

 

Prototheria

Pro to the ri a |ˌprōtəˈTHirēə ˌproʊtəˈθɪriə |Zoology a group of mammals that comprises the monotremes and their extinct relatives. Compare with Theria. [Subclass Prototheria, class Mammalia. ] ORIGIN modern Latin (plural ), from proto- ‘first, original ’ + Greek thēr ‘wild beast. ’

 

prototherian

pro to the ri an |ˌprōtəˈTHirēən ˌproʊtəˈθɪriən |Zoology ▶noun a mammal of the group Prototheria, which comprises the monotremes and their extinct relatives. ▶adjective relating to or denoting prototherians.

 

prototype

pro to type |ˈprōtəˌtīp ˈproʊdəˌtaɪp | ▶noun a first, typical or preliminary model of something, esp. a machine, from which other forms are developed or copied: the firm is testing a prototype of the weapon | the prototype of all careerists is Judas. • the archetypal example of a class of living organisms, astronomical objects, or other items: these objects are the prototypes of a category of rapidly spinning neutron stars. • Electronics a basic filter network with specified cutoff frequencies, from which other networks may be derived to obtain sharper cutoffs, constancy of characteristic impedance with frequency, etc. ▶verb [ with obj. ] make a prototype of (a product ). DERIVATIVES pro to typ al |ˌprōtəˈtīpəl |adjective, pro to typ ic |ˌprōtəˈtipik |adjective, pro to typ i cal |ˌprōtəˈtipikəl |adjective, pro to typ i cal ly |ˌprōtəˈtipik (ə )lē |adverb ORIGIN late 16th cent. (denoting the original of which something else is a copy or derivative ): via French or late Latin from Greek prōtotupos (see proto-, type ).

 

Protozoa

Pro to zo a |ˌprōtəˈzōə ˌproʊtəˈzoʊə |Zoology a phylum or group of phyla that comprises the single-celled microscopic animals, which include amebas, flagellates, ciliates, sporozoans, and many other forms. They are now usually treated as a number of phyla belonging to the kingdom Protista. • (as plural noun protozoa ) organisms of this group. ORIGIN modern Latin (plural ), from proto- ‘first ’ + Greek zōion ‘animal. ’

 

protozoan

pro to zo an |ˌprōtəˈzōən proʊtəˈzoʊən |Zoology ▶noun a single-celled microscopic animal of a group of phyla of the kingdom Protista, such as an ameba, flagellate, ciliate, or sporozoan. ▶adjective relating to or denoting protozoans. DERIVATIVES pro to zo al adjective, pro to zo ic |-ˈzōik |adjective, pro to zo on |-ˈzōˌän |noun

 

protract

pro tract |prəˈtrakt, prō -prəˈtrækt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] 1 prolong: he had certainly taken his time, even protracting the process. 2 draw (a plan, etc. ) to scale. DERIVATIVES pro trac tion |-ˈtrakSHən |noun ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from Latin protract- ‘prolonged, ’ from the verb protrahere, from pro- ‘out ’ + trahere ‘to draw. ’

 

protracted

pro tract ed |prəˈtraktəd, prō -prəˈtræktəd proʊˈtræktəd | ▶adjective lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual: a protracted and bitter dispute. DERIVATIVES pro tract ed ly adverb, pro tract ed ness noun

 

protractile

pro trac tile |prəˈtraktəl, prō -, -ˈtrakˌtīl prəˈtræktəl | ▶adjective another term for protrusible.

 

protractor

pro trac tor |ˌprōˈtraktər proʊˈtræktər | ▶noun 1 an instrument for measuring angles, typically in the form of a flat semicircle marked with degrees along the curved edge. 2 (also protractor muscle ) chiefly Zoology a muscle serving to extend a part of the body. Compare with retractor.

 

protrude

pro trude |prəˈtro͞od, prō -proʊˈtrud | ▶verb [ no obj. ] extend beyond or above a surface: something like a fin protruded from the water. • [ with obj. ] (of an animal ) cause (a body part ) to do this. DERIVATIVES pro tru sive |-ˈtro͞osiv, -ziv |adjective ORIGIN early 17th cent. (in the sense ‘thrust (something ) forward or onward ’): from Latin protrudere, from pro- ‘forward, out ’ + trudere ‘to thrust. ’

 

protruding

pro trud ing |prəˈtro͞odiNG, prō -proʊˈtruːdɪŋ | ▶adjective sticking out; projecting: a stocky guy with a furrowed brow and a protruding bottom lip.

 

protrusible

pro tru si ble |prəˈtro͞osəbəl, prō -, -zəbəl prəˈtrusəbəl | ▶adjective Zoology (of a body part, such as the jaws of a fish ) capable of being protruded or extended. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from Latin protrus- ‘extended or thrust forward ’ (from the verb protrudere ) + -ible .

 

protrusile

pro tru sile |prəˈtro͞osəl, prō -, -zəl prəˈtrusəl | ▶adjective (of a limb or other body part ) able to be thrust forward. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from Latin protrus- ‘extended or thrust forward ’ (from the verb protrudere ), on the pattern of extrusile.

 

protrusion

pro tru sion |prəˈtro͞oZHən, prō -proʊˈtruːʒn | ▶noun something that protrudes; a protuberance: a protrusion of rock jutted from the mountainside.

 

protuberance

pro tu ber ance |prəˈt (y )o͞ob (ə )rəns, prō -proʊˈt (j )ub (ə )rəns | ▶noun a thing that protrudes from something else: some dinosaurs evolved protuberances on top of their heads. • the fact or state of protruding: the large size and protuberance of the incisors.

 

protuberant

pro tu ber ant |prəˈt (y )o͞ob (ə )rənt, prō -proʊˈt (j )ub (ə )rənt | ▶adjective protruding; bulging: his protuberant eyes fluttered open. ORIGIN mid 17th cent.: from late Latin protuberant- ‘swelling out, ’ from the verb protuberare, from pro- ‘forward, out ’ + tuber ‘bump. ’

 

Protura

Pro tu ra |prəˈt (y )o͞orə prəˈtjurə |Entomology an order of minute white wingless insects with slender bodies. They lack eyes and antennae, using the first pair of legs as sensory organs. [Order Protura, subclass Apterygota, class Insecta (or Hexapoda ).] DERIVATIVES pro tu ran noun & adjective ORIGIN modern Latin (plural ), from Greek prōtos ‘first, primitive. ’

 

Oxford Dictionary

prot-

prot- |prəʊt | ▶combining form variant spelling of proto- before a vowel (as in protamine ).

 

protactinium

protactinium |ˌprəʊtakˈtɪnɪəm | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the chemical element of atomic number 91, a radioactive metal of the actinide series, occurring in small amounts as a product of the natural decay of uranium. (Symbol: Pa ) ORIGIN early 20th cent.: from proto- ‘original, earlier ’ + actinium, so named because one of its isotopes decays to form actinium.

 

protagonist

pro |tag ¦on |ist |prəˈtag (ə )nɪst | ▶noun 1 the leading character or one of the major characters in a play, film, novel, etc. • the main figure or one of the most prominent figures in a situation: in this colonial struggle the main protagonists were Great Britain and France. 2 an advocate or champion of a particular cause or idea: he's a strenuous protagonist of the new agricultural policy. ORIGIN late 17th cent.: from Greek prōtagōnistēs, from prōtos ‘first in importance ’ + agōnistēs ‘actor ’. usage: The basic sense of protagonist, as originally used in connection with ancient Greek drama, is ‘the main character in a play ’. Some traditionalists object to the looser use to refer to a number of characters (rather than just the main one ) in a play, film, etc. , as for example the play's half-dozen protagonists were well cast, although this is both common and well established. Traditionalists also dislike the meaning ‘a supporter of a cause ’, as in he's a strenuous protagonist of the new agricultural policy. This sense, recorded from the 19th century, probably arose by analogy with antagonist, the pro- in protagonist being interpreted as meaning ‘in favour of ’. In fact, prot- here derives from the Greek root meaning ‘first ’.

 

protamine

protamine |ˈprəʊtəmiːn | ▶noun Biochemistry any of a group of simple proteins found combined with nucleic acids, especially in fish sperm. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from proto- ‘original ’ + amine .

 

protandrous

protandrous |prəʊˈtandrəs | ▶adjective Botany & Zoology (of a hermaphrodite flower or animal ) having the male reproductive organs come to maturity before the female. The opposite of protogynous. DERIVATIVES protandry noun

 

protanope

protanope |ˈprəʊt (ə )nəʊp | ▶noun a person suffering from protanopia.

 

protanopia

protanopia |ˌprəʊtəˈnəʊpɪə | ▶noun [ mass noun ] colour blindness resulting from insensitivity to red light, causing confusion of greens, reds, and yellows. It is hereditary, and is the commonest form of colour blindness. Also called daltonism. Compare with deuteranopia, tritanopia. ORIGIN early 20th cent.: from proto- ‘original ’ (red being regarded as the first component of colour vision ) + an- 1 ‘lacking ’ + -opia .

 

protasis

protasis |ˈprɒtəsɪs | ▶noun ( pl. protases |-siːz | ) Grammar the clause expressing the condition in a conditional sentence (e.g. if you asked me in if you asked me I would agree ). Often contrasted with apodosis. ORIGIN late 16th cent.: via Latin from Greek protasis ‘proposition ’, from pro ‘before ’ + teinein ‘to stretch ’.

 

protea

protea |ˈprəʊtɪə | ▶noun an evergreen shrub or small tree with large nectar-rich cone-like flower heads surrounded by brightly coloured bracts, chiefly native to South Africa. ●Genus Protea, family Proteaceae: many species, including P. repens, which was formerly used as a source of sweet syrup. ORIGIN modern Latin, from Proteus, with reference to the many species of the genus.

 

protean

protean |ˈprəʊtɪən, prəʊˈtiːən | ▶adjective tending or able to change frequently or easily: it is difficult to comprehend the whole of this protean subject. • able to do many different things; versatile: protean thinkers who scan the horizons of work and society. ORIGIN late 16th cent.: from Proteus + -an .

 

protease

protease |ˈprəʊtɪeɪz | ▶noun Biochemistry an enzyme which breaks down proteins and peptides. ORIGIN early 20th cent.: from protein + -ase .

 

protease inhibitor

pro te ase in hib i tor ▶noun a substance that breaks down protease, thereby inhibiting the replication of certain cells and viruses, including HIV.

 

proteasome

proteasome |ˈprəʊtɪəˌsəʊm | ▶noun Biochemistry a complex of proteinases involved in breaking down selected intracellular proteins. ORIGIN 1980s: from protein + -some 3 .

 

protec.

protec. ▶abbreviation protectorate.

 

protect

pro |tect |prəˈtɛkt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] keep safe from harm or injury: he tried to protect Kelly from the attack | [ no obj. ] : use a sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB. • (often as adj. protected ) aim to preserve (a threatened species or area ) by legislating against collecting, hunting, or development: the natterjack toad is a protected species | logging is continuing in protected areas in violation of an international agreement. • Economics shield (a domestic industry ) from competition by imposing import duties on foreign goods. • Computing restrict access to or use of (data or a memory location ). DERIVATIVES protectable adjective ORIGIN late Middle English: from Latin protect- ‘covered in front ’, from the verb protegere, from pro- ‘in front ’ + tegere ‘to cover ’.

 

protectant

pro ¦tect |ant |prəˈtɛkt (ə )nt | ▶noun a substance that provides protection, e.g. against disease or ultraviolet radiation.

 

protection

pro |tec ¦tion |prəˈtɛkʃ (ə )n | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the action of protecting, or the state of being protected: the B vitamins give protection against infection | his son was put under police protection. • a person or thing that protects someone or something: the castle was built as protection against the Saxons | [ in sing. ] : a protection against the evil eye. • [ count noun ] (usu. protections ) a legal or other formal measure intended to preserve civil liberties and rights. • [ count noun ] a document guaranteeing immunity from harm to the person specified in it. • the practice of paying money to criminals so as to prevent them from attacking oneself or one's property: [ as modifier ] : a protection racket | protection money. • protection money paid to criminals, especially on a regular basis. • Climbing the number and quality of running belays or other equipment employed to safeguard a pitch. ORIGIN Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin protectio (n- ), from protegere ‘cover in front ’ (see protect ).

 

protectionism

pro |tec ¦tion |ism |prəˈtɛkʃənɪzəm | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Economics the theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports. DERIVATIVES protectionist noun & adjective

 

protective

pro ¦tect |ive |prəˈtɛktɪv | ▶adjective intended to protect someone or something: protective gloves are worn to minimize injury. • having or showing a strong wish to protect someone or something: I felt protective towards her | as adults we are naturally protective of children. • Economics relating to the protection of domestic industries from foreign competition: protective tariffs. ▶noun Brit. a thing that protects someone or something: an effectual protective against the midge. • dated a condom. DERIVATIVES protectively adverb, protectiveness noun

 

protective colouring

protective colouring (also protective coloration ) ▶noun [ mass noun ] colouring that disguises or camouflages a plant or animal.

 

protective custody

pro ¦tect |ive cus |tody ▶noun [ mass noun ] the detention of a person for their own protection.

 

protective order

pro tec tive or der ▶noun a court order instructing a person to desist from abusing or harassing the petitioner (usu. a related person ) for a fixed period: a protective order against the man accused of setting his wife on fire.

 

protector

pro |tect ¦or |prəˈtɛktə | ▶noun 1 a person or thing that protects someone or something: a man who became her protector, adviser, and friend | ear protectors. 2 (usu. Protector ) historical a regent in charge of a kingdom during the minority, absence, or incapacity of the sovereign. • (also Lord Protector of the Commonwealth ) the title of the head of state in England during the later period of the Commonwealth between 1653 and 1659, first Oliver Cromwell (1653 –8 ), then his son Richard (1658 –9 ). DERIVATIVES protectoral adjective, protectorship noun

 

protectorate

pro ¦tect ¦or |ate |prəˈtɛkt (ə )rət | ▶noun 1 a state that is controlled and protected by another. • the relationship between a protectorate and the state that controls it: a French protectorate had been established over Tunis. 2 (usu. Protectorate ) historical the position or period of office of a Protector, especially that in England of Oliver and Richard Cromwell.

 

protectress

pro |tec ¦tress ▶noun a female protector.

 

protégé

protégé |ˈprɒtɪʒeɪ, -tɛʒeɪ, ˈprəʊ -| ▶noun ( fem. protégée pronunc. same ) a person who is guided and supported by an older and more experienced or influential person: Ruskin submitted his protégé 's name for election. ORIGIN late 18th cent.: French, literally ‘protected ’, past participle of protéger, from Latin protegere ‘cover in front ’ (see protect ).

 

protégée

pro té gée |ˈprōtəˌZHā, ˌprōtəˈZHā ˈproʊdəˌʒeɪ |(also protegee ) ▶noun a female protégé.

 

protein

pro |tein |ˈprəʊtiːn | ▶noun any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds which have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, etc. , and as enzymes and antibodies. • [ mass noun ] proteins collectively, especially as a dietary component: a diet high in protein. DERIVATIVES proteinaceous |-ˈneɪʃəs |adjective, proteinic |-ˈtiːnɪk |adjective, proteinous |-ˈtiːnəs, -ˈtiːɪnəs |adjective ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from French protéine, German Protein, from Greek prōteios ‘primary ’, from prōtos ‘first ’.

 

proteinase

proteinase |ˈprəʊtiːneɪz | ▶noun another term for endopeptidase.

 

protein engineering

pro |tein en ¦gin |eer |ing ▶noun [ mass noun ] the manipulation of the structures of proteins so as to produce desired properties, or the synthesis of proteins with particular structures.

 

proteinoid

pro tein oid |ˈprōtnˌoid, ˈprōˌtēn -ˈproʊdiˌnɔɪd | ▶noun Biochemistry a polypeptide or mixture of polypeptides obtained by heating a mixture of amino acids.

 

proteinuria

proteinuria |ˌprəʊtiːˈnjʊərɪə | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Medicine the presence of abnormal quantities of protein in the urine, which may indicate damage to the kidneys.

 

proteoglycan

proteoglycan |ˌprəʊtɪəʊˈglʌɪkan | ▶noun Biochemistry a compound consisting of a protein bonded to mucopolysaccharide groups, present especially in connective tissue.

 

proteolysis

proteolysis |ˌprəʊtɪˈɒlɪsɪs | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Biochemistry the breakdown of proteins or peptides into amino acids by the action of enzymes. DERIVATIVES proteolytic |-əˈlɪtɪk |adjective, proteolytically |-əˈlɪtɪk (ə )li |adverb ORIGIN late 19th cent.: modern Latin, from protein + -lysis .

 

proteome

proteome |ˈprəʊtɪəʊm | ▶noun Genetics the entire complement of proteins that is or can be expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism. ORIGIN 1990s: a blend of protein and genome .

 

proteomics

proteomics |ˌprəʊtɪˈɒmɪks | ▶plural noun [ treated as sing. ] the branch of molecular biology concerned with determining the proteome. DERIVATIVES proteomic adjective

 

Proterozoic

Proterozoic |ˌprəʊt (ə )rəˈzəʊɪk | ▶adjective Geology relating to or denoting the aeon that constitutes the later part of the Precambrian, between the Archaean aeon and the Cambrian period, in which the earliest forms of life evolved. • (as noun the Proterozoic ) the Proterozoic aeon or the system of rocks deposited during it. The Proterozoic lasted from about 2,500 to 570 million years ago. For millions of years only bacteria and single-celled organisms existed, and the early invertebrates that followed were soft-bodied and rarely left any trace in the form of fossils. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from Greek proteros ‘former ’ + zōē ‘life ’, zōos ‘living ’ + -ic .

 

protest

pro |test ▶noun |ˈprəʊtɛst | 1 a statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something: the British team lodged an official protest | [ mass noun ] : two senior scientists resigned in protest . • an organized public demonstration expressing strong objection to an official policy or course of action: a protest over planned pit closures | [ as modifier ] : a protest march. 2 Law a written declaration, typically by a notary public, that a bill has been presented and payment or acceptance refused. ▶verb |prəˈtɛst | 1 [ no obj. ] express an objection to what someone has said or done: before Muriel could protest, he had filled both glasses. • publicly demonstrate strong objection to an official policy or course of action: doctors and patients protested against plans to cut services at the hospital | [ with obj. ] N. Amer. : the workers were protesting economic measures enacted a week earlier. 2 [ reporting verb ] declare (something ) firmly and emphatically in response to doubt or accusation: [ with direct speech ] : ‘I'm not being coy! ’ Lucy protested | [ with obj. ] : she has always protested her innocence. 3 [ with obj. ] Law write or obtain a protest in regard to (a bill ). PHRASES under protest after expressing one's objection or reluctance; unwillingly: ‘I'm only here under protest, ’ Jenna said shortly. DERIVATIVES protestingly adverb ORIGIN late Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘make a solemn declaration ’): from Old French protester, from Latin protestari, from pro- ‘forth, publicly ’ + testari ‘assert ’ (from testis ‘witness ’).

 

Protestant

Protestant |ˈprɒtɪst (ə )nt | ▶noun a member or follower of any of the Western Christian Churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church in accordance with the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran Churches. Protestants are so called after the declaration ( protestatio ) of Martin Luther and his supporters dissenting from the decision of the Diet of Spires (1529 ), which reaffirmed the edict of the Diet of Worms against the Reformation. All Protestants reject the authority of the papacy, both religious and political, and find authority in the text of the Bible, made available to all in vernacular translation. ▶adjective relating to or belonging to any of the Protestant Churches. DERIVATIVES Protestantization (also Protestantisation ) noun, Protestantize (also Protestantise ) verb ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: via German or French from Latin protestant- ‘protesting ’, from Latin protestari (see protest ).

 

Protestant ascendancy

Prot |est |ant as ¦cend |ancy ▶noun historical the domination of the Anglo-Irish Protestant minority in Ireland, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries. • the members of the landed aristocracy comprising the Anglo-Irish Protestant minority in Ireland.

 

Protestant ethic

Protestant ethic (also Protestant work ethic ) ▶noun the view that a person's duty and responsibility is to achieve success through hard work and thrift. ORIGIN translating German die protestantische Ethik, coined (1904 ) by the economist Max Weber in his thesis on the relationship between the teachings of Calvin and the rise of capitalism.

 

Protestantism

Prot |est ¦ant |ism |ˈprɒtɪst (ə )ntɪz (ə )m | ▶noun [ mass noun ] the faith, practice, and Church order of the Protestant Churches. • adherence to the forms of Christian doctrine which are generally regarded as Protestant rather than Catholic or Eastern Orthodox.

 

protestation

protestation |ˌprɒtɪˈsteɪʃ (ə )n | ▶noun 1 an emphatic declaration in response to doubt or accusation: her protestations of innocence were in vain | [ mass noun ] : no amount of protestation made any difference. 2 an objection or protest: he was warned by the referee for his loud protestations. ORIGIN Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin protestatio (n- ), from protestari ‘to protest ’ (see protest ).

 

protester

protester |prəˈtɛstə (r ) |(also protestor ) ▶noun a person who publicly demonstrates opposition to something; a demonstrator: the decision was hailed by protesters against the closure as a triumph.

 

Proteus

Proteus |ˈprəʊtɪəs | 1 Greek Mythology a minor sea god who had the power of prophecy but would assume different shapes to avoid answering questions. 2 Astronomy a satellite of Neptune, the sixth closest to the planet, discovered by the Voyager 2 space probe in 1989 (diameter 400 km ).

 

proteus

proteus |ˈprəʊtɪəs | ▶noun 1 a bacterium found in the intestines of animals and in the soil. ●Genus Proteus; motile Gram-negative rods. 2 another term for olm. ORIGIN early 19th cent.: from Proteus .

 

prothalamium

prothalamium |ˌprəʊθəˈleɪmɪəm | ▶noun ( pl. prothalamia |-mɪə | ) literary a song or poem celebrating a forthcoming wedding. ORIGIN late 16th cent.: from Prothalamion, the title of a poem by Spenser, on the pattern of epithalamium .

 

prothallus

prothallus |prəʊˈθaləs | ▶noun ( pl. prothalli |-lʌɪ, -liː | ) Botany the gametophyte of ferns and related plants. DERIVATIVES prothallial adjective ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: modern Latin, from pro- 2 ‘before, earlier ’ + Greek thallos ‘green shoot ’.

 

prothesis

prothesis |ˈprɒθɪsɪs | ▶noun ( pl. protheses |-siːz | ) 1 [ mass noun ] Christian Church (especially in the Orthodox Church ) the action of placing the Eucharistic elements on the credence table. • [ count noun ] a credence table. • [ count noun ] the part of a church where the credence table stands. 2 Linguistics another term for prosthesis ( sense 2 ). DERIVATIVES prothetic |prəˈθɛtɪk |adjective ORIGIN late 16th cent. (in sense 2 ): from Greek, ‘placing before or in public view ’, from pro ‘before ’ + thesis ‘placing ’.

 

prothonotary

prothonotary |ˌprəʊθəˈnəʊt (ə )ri, prəˈθɒnə -| ▶noun variant spelling of protonotary.

 

prothonotary warbler

pro ¦tho |not ¦ary warb |ler ▶noun a North American warbler, the male of which has a golden-yellow head, breast, and underparts. ●Protonotaria citrea, family Parulidae. ORIGIN late 18th cent.: named with reference to the saffron colour of the robes worn by clerks to the Pope (see Protonotary Apostolic ).

 

prothorax

pro |thorax ▶noun Entomology the anterior segment of the thorax of an insect, not bearing any wings. DERIVATIVES prothoracic adjective

 

prothrombin

prothrombin |prəʊˈθrɒmbɪn | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Biochemistry a protein present in blood plasma which is converted into active thrombin during coagulation.

 

Protista

Protista |prəʊˈtɪstə | ▶plural noun Biology a kingdom or large grouping that comprises mostly single-celled organisms such as the protozoa, simple algae and fungi, slime moulds, and (formerly ) the bacteria. They are now divided among up to thirty phyla, and some have both plant and animal characteristics. DERIVATIVES protist |ˈprəʊtɪst |noun, protistan adjective & noun, protistology |-ˈtɒlədʒi |noun ORIGIN modern Latin (plural ), from Greek prōtista, neuter plural of prōtistos ‘very first ’, superlative of prōtos ‘first ’.

 

protium

protium |ˈprəʊtɪəm | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Chemistry the common, stable isotope of hydrogen, as distinct from deuterium and tritium. ORIGIN 1930s: modern Latin, from Greek prōtos ‘first ’.

 

proto-

proto- |ˈprəʊtəʊ |(usu. prot- before a vowel ) ▶combining form original or primitive: prototherian | prototype. • first or earliest: protomartyr | protozoon. ORIGIN from Greek prōtos ‘first ’.

 

protoceratops

protoceratops |ˌprəʊtə (ʊ )ˈsɛrətɒps | ▶noun a small quadrupedal dinosaur of the late Cretaceous period, having a bony frill above the neck and probably ancestral to triceratops. ●Genus Protoceratops, infraorder Ceratopsia, order Ornithischia.

 

protocol

proto |col |ˈprəʊtəkɒl | ▶noun 1 [ mass noun ] the official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or diplomatic occasions: protocol forbids the prince from making any public statement in his defence. • the accepted or established code of procedure or behaviour in any group, organization, or situation: what is the protocol at a smart lunch if one's neighbour dozes off during the speeches? 2 the original draft of a diplomatic document, especially of the terms of a treaty agreed to in conference and signed by the parties. • an amendment or addition to a treaty or convention: a protocol to the treaty allowed for this Danish referendum. 3 a formal or official record of scientific experimental observations. • a procedure for carrying out a scientific experiment or a course of medical treatment. 4 Computing a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices. ORIGIN late Middle English (denoting the original minute of an agreement, forming the legal authority for future dealings relating to it ): from Old French prothocole, via medieval Latin from Greek prōtokollon ‘first page, flyleaf ’, from prōtos ‘first ’ + kolla ‘glue ’. Sense 1 derives from French protocole, the collection of set forms of etiquette to be observed by the French head of state, and the name of the government department responsible for this (in the 19th cent. ).

 

Protoctista

Protoctista |ˌprəʊtɒkˈtɪstə | ▶plural noun Biology a kingdom or large grouping that is either synonymous with the Protista or equivalent to the Protista together with their multicellular descendants. DERIVATIVES protoctist noun ORIGIN modern Latin (plural ), based on Greek prōtos ‘first ’.

 

protogalaxy

proto |gal ¦axy |ˈprəʊtəʊˌgaləksi | ▶noun ( pl. protogalaxies ) Astronomy a vast mass of gas from which a galaxy is thought to develop. DERIVATIVES protogalactic adjective

 

Proto-Germanic

Proto-German ¦ic ▶noun see Germanic.

 

protogynous

protogynous |prəʊˈtɒdʒɪnəs | ▶adjective Botany & Zoology (of a hermaphrodite flower or animal ) having the female reproductive organs come to maturity before the male. The opposite of protandrous. DERIVATIVES protogyny noun

 

protohuman

protohuman |ˈprəʊtəʊˈhjuːmən |Anthropology ▶noun a hypothetical prehistoric primate, resembling humans and thought to be their ancestor, whose profile has been compiled mainly from fossil evidence. ▶adjective relating to or denoting a protohuman.

 

Proto-Indo-European

Proto-Indo-European ▶noun [ mass noun ] the lost language from which all Indo-European languages derive. See Indo-European. ▶adjective relating to Proto-Indo-European.

 

protolanguage

proto |lan ¦guage |ˈprəʊtəʊˌlaŋgwɪdʒ | ▶noun a hypothetical lost parent language from which actual languages are derived.

 

protomartyr

proto |mar ¦tyr |prəʊtəʊˈmɑːtə | ▶noun the first martyr for a cause, especially the first Christian martyr, St Stephen.

 

proton

proton |ˈprəʊtɒn | ▶noun Physics a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron. The mass of the proton is 1,836 times greater than that of the electron. The atoms of each chemical element have a characteristic number of protons in the nucleus; this is known as the atomic number. The common isotope of hydrogen has a nucleus consisting of a single proton. DERIVATIVES protonic |prə (ʊ )ˈtɒnɪk |adjective ORIGIN 1920s: from Greek, neuter of prōtos ‘first ’.

 

protonate

protonate |ˈprəʊt (ə )neɪt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] Chemistry transfer a proton to (a molecule, group, or atom ) which forms a coordinate bond to the proton. DERIVATIVES protonation noun

 

protonotary

protonotary |ˌprəʊtəˈnəʊt (ə )ri, prəˈtɒnət (ə )ri |(also prothonotary ) ▶noun ( pl. protonotaries ) chiefly historical a chief clerk in some law courts, originally in the Byzantine court. ORIGIN late Middle English: via medieval Latin from late Greek prōtonotarios, from prōtos ‘first ’ + notarios ‘notary ’.

 

Protonotary Apostolic

Protonotary Apostolic (also Protonotary Apostolical ) ▶noun a member of the Roman Catholic college of prelates who register papal acts and direct the canonization of saints.

 

protopathic

protopathic |ˌprəʊtə (ʊ )ˈpaθɪk | ▶adjective Physiology relating to or denoting those sensory nerve fibres of the skin which are capable of discriminating only between relatively coarse stimuli, chiefly heat, cold, and pain. Often contrasted with epicritic. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from proto- ‘primitive ’ + Greek pathos ‘suffering, feeling ’ + -ic .

 

protoplasm

protoplasm |ˈprəʊtə (ʊ )ˌplaz (ə )m | ▶noun [ mass noun ] Biology the colourless material comprising the living part of a cell, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles. DERIVATIVES protoplasmic |-ˈplazmɪk |adjective ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from Greek prōtoplasma (see proto-, plasma ).

 

protoplast

protoplast |ˈprəʊtə (ʊ )plast, -plɑːst | ▶noun chiefly Botany the protoplasm of a living plant or bacterial cell whose cell wall has been removed. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from Greek prōtoplastos ‘first formed ’, from prōtos ‘first ’ + plassein ‘to mould ’.

 

protopodite

protopodite |prəʊˈtɒpədʌɪt |(also protopod |ˈprəʊtə (ʊ )pɒd |) ▶noun Zoology the basal segments of the biramous limb or appendage of a crustacean. Compare with endopodite, exopodite. ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from proto- ‘early, original ’ + Greek pous, pod- ‘foot ’ + -ite 1 .

 

protostar

proto |star |ˈprəʊtəʊstɑː | ▶noun Astronomy a contracting mass of gas which represents an early stage in the formation of a star, before nucleosynthesis has begun.

 

protostome

protostome |ˈprəʊtə (ʊ )stəʊm | ▶noun Zoology a multicellular organism whose mouth develops from a primary embryonic opening, such as an annelid, mollusc, or arthropod. ORIGIN 1950s: from proto- ‘primitive ’ + Greek stoma ‘mouth ’.

 

Prototheria

Prototheria |ˌprəʊtə (ʊ )ˈθɪərɪə | ▶plural noun Zoology a group of mammals that comprises the monotremes and their extinct relatives. Compare with Theria. ●Subclass Prototheria, class Mammalia. ORIGIN modern Latin (plural ), from proto- ‘first, original ’ + Greek thēr ‘wild beast ’.

 

prototherian

prototherian |ˌprəʊtə (ʊ )ˈθɪərɪən |Zoology ▶noun a mammal of the group Prototheria, which comprises the monotremes and their extinct relatives. ▶adjective relating to or denoting prototherians.

 

prototype

proto |type |ˈprəʊtətʌɪp | ▶noun 1 a first or preliminary version of a device or vehicle from which other forms are developed: the firm is testing a prototype of the weapon. • the first, original, or typical form of something; an archetype: these objects are the prototypes of a category of rapidly spinning neutron stars. 2 Electronics a basic filter network with specified cut-off frequencies, from which other networks may be derived to obtain sharper cut-offs, constancy of characteristic impedance with frequency, etc. ▶verb [ with obj. ] make a prototype of (a product ). DERIVATIVES prototypal adjective, prototypic |-ˈtɪpɪk |adjective, prototypical |-ˈtɪpɪk (ə )l |adjective, prototypically |-ˈtɪpɪk (ə )li |adverb ORIGIN late 16th cent. (denoting the original of which something else is a copy or derivative ): via French or late Latin from Greek prōtotupos (see proto-, type ).

 

Protozoa

Protozoa |ˌprəʊtəˈzəʊə | ▶plural noun Zoology a phylum or grouping of phyla which comprises the single-celled microscopic animals, which include amoebas, flagellates, ciliates, sporozoans, and many other forms. They are now usually treated as a number of phyla belonging to the kingdom Protista. • (protozoa ) organisms of the Protozoa group. ORIGIN modern Latin (plural ), from proto- ‘first ’ + Greek zōion ‘animal ’.

 

protozoan

protozoan |ˌprəʊtə (ʊ )ˈzəʊən |Zoology ▶noun a single-celled microscopic animal of a group of phyla of the kingdom Protista, such as an amoeba, flagellate, ciliate, or sporozoan. ▶adjective relating to or denoting protozoans. DERIVATIVES protozoal adjective, protozoic adjective, protozoon |-ˈzəʊɒn |noun

 

protract

pro |tract |prəˈtrakt | ▶verb [ with obj. ] prolong: he had certainly taken his time, even protracting the process. ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from Latin protract- ‘prolonged ’, from the verb protrahere, from pro- ‘out ’ + trahere ‘to draw ’.

 

protracted

pro |tract ¦ed |prəˈtraktɪd | ▶adjective lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual: a protracted and bitter dispute. DERIVATIVES protractedly adverb

 

protractile

protractile |prəˈtraktʌɪl, -tɪl | ▶adjective another term for protrusible.

 

protraction

pro |trac ¦tion |prəˈtrakʃ (ə )n | ▶noun [ mass noun ] 1 the action of prolonging something or the state of being prolonged: the protraction of the war. 2 the action of extending a part of the body. ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from French, or from late Latin protractio (n- ), from protrahere ‘prolong ’ (see protract ).

 

protractor

pro |tract ¦or |prəˈtraktə | ▶noun 1 an instrument for measuring angles, typically in the form of a flat semicircle marked with degrees along the curved edge. 2 (also protractor muscle ) chiefly Zoology a muscle serving to extend a part of the body. Compare with retractor.

 

protrude

pro |trude |prəˈtruːd | ▶verb [ no obj. ] extend beyond or above a surface: something like a fin protruded from the water. • [ with obj. ] (of an animal ) cause (a body part ) to protrude. DERIVATIVES protrusive adjective ORIGIN early 17th cent. (in the sense ‘thrust something forward or onward ’): from Latin protrudere, from pro- ‘forward, out ’ + trudere ‘to thrust ’.

 

protruding

pro |trud ¦ing |prəˈtruːdɪŋ | ▶adjective sticking out; projecting: a stocky guy with a furrowed brow and a protruding bottom lip.

 

protrusible

protrusible (also protrusile ) ▶adjective Zoology (of a body part, such as the jaws of a fish ) capable of being protruded or extended. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from Latin protrus- ‘extended or thrust forward ’ (from the verb protrudere ) + -ible .

 

protrusile

pro tru sile |prəˈtro͞osəl, prō -, -zəl prəˈtrusəl | ▶adjective (of a limb or other body part ) able to be thrust forward. ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from Latin protrus- ‘extended or thrust forward ’ (from the verb protrudere ), on the pattern of extrusile.

 

protrusion

pro |tru ¦sion |prəˈtruːʒn | ▶noun something that protrudes; a protuberance: a protrusion of rock jutted from the mountainside.

 

protuberance

protuberance |prəˈtjuːb (ə )r (ə )ns | ▶noun a thing that protrudes from something else: some dinosaurs evolved protuberances on top of their heads. • [ mass noun ] the fact or state of protruding: the large size and protuberance of the incisors.

 

protuberant

pro |tu ¦ber |ant |prəˈtjuːb (ə )r (ə )nt | ▶adjective protruding; bulging: his protuberant eyes fluttered open. ORIGIN mid 17th cent.: from late Latin protuberant- ‘swelling out ’, from the verb protuberare, from pro- ‘forward, out ’ + tuber ‘bump ’.

 

Protura

Protura |prə (ʊ )ˈtjʊərə | ▶plural noun Entomology an order of minute white wingless insects with slender bodies. They lack eyes and antennae, using the first pair of legs as sensory organs. ●Order Protura, subclass Apterygota, class Insecta (or Hexapoda ). DERIVATIVES proturan noun & adjective ORIGIN modern Latin (plural ), from Greek prōtos ‘first, primitive ’.

 

American Oxford Thesaurus

protagonist

protagonist noun 1 the protagonist in the plot: chief /central /principal /main /leading character, chief /central /principal /main /leading participant, chief /central /principal /main /leading figure, chief /central /principal /main /leading player, principal, hero /heroine, leading man /lady, title role, lead. 2 a protagonist of deregulation: champion, advocate, upholder, supporter, backer, promoter, proponent, exponent, campaigner, fighter, crusader; apostle, apologist, booster. ANTONYMS opponent.

 

protean

protean adjective 1 the protean nature of mental disorders: ever-changing, variable, changeable, mutable, kaleidoscopic, inconstant, inconsistent, unstable, shifting, unsettled, fluctuating, fluid, wavering, vacillating, mercurial, volatile; technical labile. ANTONYMS constant, consistent. 2 a remarkably protean composer: versatile, adaptable, flexible, all-around, multifaceted, multitalented, many-sided. ANTONYMS limited.

 

protect

protect verb they fought to protect their homes and families: keep safe, keep from harm, save, safeguard, preserve, defend, shield, cushion, insulate, hedge, shelter, screen, secure, fortify, guard, watch over, look after, take care of, keep; inoculate. ANTONYMS expose, neglect, attack, harm.

 

protected

protected adjective the nation's largest protected wetland: secured, sheltered, in safe hands, safe, guarded, out of danger, safeguarded, preserved. WORD TOOLKIT

protected	guarded	secure
area	gates	access
species	compound	employment
rights	border	parking
speech	entrance	website
wildlife	house	transaction

Word Toolkits illustrate the difference between close synonyms by means of words typically used with them.

 

protection

protection noun 1 protection against frost: defense, security, shielding, preservation, conservation, safekeeping, safeguarding, safety, sanctuary, shelter, refuge, lee, immunity, insurance, indemnity. 2 under the protection of the Church: safekeeping, care, charge, keeping, protectorship, guidance, aegis, auspices, umbrella, guardianship, support, patronage, championship, providence. 3 good protection against noise: barrier, buffer, shield, screen, hedge, cushion, preventative, armor, refuge, bulwark.

 

protective

protective adjective 1 protective clothing: preservative, protecting, safeguarding, shielding, defensive, safety, precautionary, preventive, preventative. 2 he felt protective toward the dog: solicitous, caring, warm, paternal /maternal, fatherly /motherly, gallant, chivalrous; overprotective, possessive, jealous.

 

protector

protector noun 1 a protector of the environment: defender, preserver, guardian, guard, champion, watchdog, ombudsman, knight in shining armor, guardian angel, patron, chaperone, escort, keeper, custodian, bodyguard, minder; informal hired gun. 2 ear protectors: guard, shield, buffer, cushion, pad, screen.

 

protégé

protégé noun his protégé was a young pianist from Belgium: student, pupil, trainee, apprentice; disciple, follower; discovery, find, ward.

 

protest

protest noun 1 he resigned as a protest: objection, complaint, exception, disapproval, challenge, dissent, demurral, remonstration, fuss, outcry. ANTONYMS support, approval. 2 women staged a protest: demonstration, (protest ) march, rally; sit-in, occupation; work-to-rule, industrial action, (work ) stoppage, strike, walkout, mutiny, picket, boycott. ▶verb 1 I opened my mouth to protest: express opposition, object, dissent, take issue, make /take a stand, put up a fight, kick, take exception, complain, express disapproval, disagree, demur, remonstrate, make a fuss; cry out, speak out, rail, inveigh, fulminate; informal kick up a fuss /stink. 2 people protested outside the cathedral: demonstrate, march, hold a rally, sit in, occupy somewhere; work to rule, take industrial action, stop work, strike, go on strike, walk out, mutiny, picket; boycott something. 3 he protested his innocence: insist on, maintain, assert, affirm, announce, proclaim, declare, profess, contend, argue, claim, vow, swear (to ), stress; formal aver.

 

protestation

protestation noun 1 her protestations of innocence: declaration, announcement, profession, assertion, insistence, claim, affirmation, assurance, oath, vow. 2 we helped him despite his protestations: objection, protest, exception, complaint, disapproval, opposition, challenge, dissent, demurral, remonstration, fuss, outcry; informal stink.

 

protester

protester noun protesters gathered outside the arena: demonstrator, objector, opposer, opponent, complainant, complainer, dissenter, dissident, nonconformist, protest marcher; striker, picket.

 

protocol

protocol noun 1 a stickler for protocol: etiquette, conventions, formalities, customs, rules of conduct, procedure, ritual, accepted behavior, propriety, proprieties, one's Ps and Qs, decorum, good form, the done thing, the thing to do, punctilio. 2 the two countries signed a protocol: agreement, treaty, entente, concordat, convention, deal, pact, contract, compact; formal concord.

 

prototype

prototype noun 1 a prototype of the weapon: original, first example /model, master, mold, template, framework, mock-up, pattern, sample; design, guide, blueprint. 2 the prototype of an ideal wife: paradigm, typical example, archetype, exemplar, essence.

 

protract

protract verb the opposition will try to protract the discussion: prolong, lengthen, extend, draw out, drag out, spin out, stretch out, string out, elongate; carry on, continue, keep up, perpetuate. ANTONYMS curtail, shorten.

 

protracted

protracted adjective weeks of protracted negotiations: prolonged, long-lasting, extended, long-drawn-out, spun out, dragged out, strung out, lengthy, long; informal marathon. ANTONYMS short.

 

protrude

protrude verb the emergency lever protrudes from the left side: stick out, jut (out ), project, extend, stand out, bulge out, poke out, thrust out, cantilever. CHOOSE THE RIGHT WORD See bulge . These notes show fine distinctions in meaning between closely related synonyms to help you find the best word.

 

protruding

protruding adjective protruding teeth: sticking out, protuberant, projecting, prominent, jutting, overhanging, beetling, proud, bulging. ANTONYMS sunken, flush.

 

protrusion

protrusion noun 1 the neck vertebrae have short vertical protrusions: bump, lump, knob; protuberance, projection, prominence, swelling, eminence, outcrop, outgrowth, jut, jag, snag; ledge, shelf, ridge. 2 protrusion of the lips: sticking out, jutting, projection, obtrusion, prominence; swelling, bulging.

 

protuberance

protuberance noun 1 a protuberance can cause drag: bump, lump, knob, projection, protrusion, prominence, swelling, eminence, outcrop, outgrowth, jut, jag, snag; ledge, shelf, ridge. 2 the protuberance of the incisors: sticking out, jutting, projection, obtrusion, prominence; swelling, bulging.

 

protuberant

protuberant adjective his eyes are a little protuberant: sticking out, protruding, projecting, prominent, jutting, overhanging, proud, bulging. ANTONYMS sunken, flush.

 

Oxford Thesaurus

protagonist

protagonist noun 1 the very first line of the play is spoken by the protagonist: chief character, central /principal /main /leading character, chief /central /principal /main /leading participant, principal, hero /heroine, leading man /lady, title role, lead, star, (leading /key ) player, (leading ) figure, leading light. ANTONYMS minor character. 2 the EC is a great protagonist of deregulation: supporter, upholder, adherent, backer, proponent, advocate, promoter, champion, exponent, standard-bearer, torch-bearer, prime mover, moving spirit, mainstay, spokesman /spokeswoman /spokesperson. ANTONYMS opponent.

 

protean

protean adjective 1 the diverse and protean nature of mental disorders: ever-changing, variable, changeable, mutable, kaleidoscopic, erratic, quicksilver, inconstant, inconsistent, unstable, unsteady, shifting, uneven, unsettled, fluctuating, chameleon-like, chameleonic; fluid, wavering, vacillating, mercurial, volatile, unpredictable, wayward, unreliable, undependable; technical labile; rare stayless, changeful. ANTONYMS constant, consistent. 2 Shostakovich was a remarkably protean composer: versatile, adaptable, flexible, all-round, multifaceted, multitalented, many-sided, resourceful, malleable. ANTONYMS limited.

 

protect

protect verb the men fought hand-to-hand to protect their women and children: keep safe, keep from harm, save, safeguard, shield, preserve, defend, cushion, shelter, screen, secure, fortify, guard, mount /stand guard on; watch over, look after, take care of, care for, tend, keep, mind, afford protection to, harbour, house, hedge, inoculate, insulate. ANTONYMS expose, neglect; attack, harm.

 

protected

protected adjective the nation's largest protected wetland: secured, sheltered, in safe hands, safe, guarded, out of danger, safeguarded, preserved. WORD TOOLKIT

protected	guarded	secure
area	gates	access
species	compound	employment
rights	border	parking
speech	entrance	website
wildlife	house	transaction

Word Toolkits illustrate the difference between close synonyms by means of words typically used with them.

 

protection

protection noun 1 physical fitness provides considerable protection against stress: defence, shielding, shelter, preservation, conservation, safe keeping, safeguarding, safety, security, sanctuary, refuge, lee, immunity, insurance, indemnity. 2 he remains in hiding under the protection of the United States: safe keeping, care, charge, keeping, protectorship, guidance, aegis, auspices, umbrella, guardianship, support, patronage, championship, providence. 3 a good education is not a protection against the hazards of life: barrier, buffer, shield, screen, hedge, cushion, preventive, preventative, armour, safeguard; refuge, bulwark, bastion, wall.

 

protective

protective adjective 1 firefighters wear special protective clothing: preservative, protecting, safeguarding, shielding, defensive, safety, precautionary, preventive, preventative, covering; waterproof, fireproof, heatproof, insulating; shatterproof, toughened, armoured. 2 he felt protective towards the girl: solicitous, caring, mindful, careful, wary, watchful, vigilant, warm, paternal /maternal, fatherly /motherly, gallant, chivalrous; overprotective, possessive, jealous, clinging.

 

protector

protector noun 1 his wife was always his chief protector: defender, preserver, bodyguard, minder, guardian, guard, champion, watchdog, ombudsman, knight in shining armour, guardian angel, patron, chaperone, escort, keeper, custodian; informal hired gun. 2 I encounter men drilling the roads without wearing ear protectors: guard, shield, pad, buffer, cushion, screen; protection.

 

protégé, protégée

protégé, protégée noun pupil, student, trainee, apprentice; disciple, follower, discovery, ward, dependant, charge, mentee; archaic fosterling.

 

protest

protest noun |(stress on the first syllable ) | 1 voters humiliated the government as a protest against high public spending: objection, exception, complaint, disapproval, disagreement, opposition, challenge, dissent, demurral, remonstration, expostulation, fuss, outcry; railing, inveighing, fulmination, protestation. ANTONYMS support, approval. 2 women staged a protest outside the gates: demonstration, march, protest march, peace camp, rally, sit-in, human chain, occupation, sleep-in, dirty protest, write-in, non-cooperation; work-to-rule, industrial action, stoppage, strike, walkout, mutiny, picket, boycott; Indian morcha, gherao, hartal; informal demo. ▶verb |(stress on the second syllable ) | 1 people began to protest at the development of nuclear power: express opposition, raise objections, object, make a protest, dissent, take issue, make /take a stand, put up a fight, kick, take exception, complain, express disapproval, disagree, express disagreement, demur, remonstrate, expostulate, make a fuss; cry out, speak out, rail, inveigh, fulminate; oppose, challenge, denounce; informal kick up a fuss /stink. ANTONYMS acquiesce. 2 two dozen people protested outside the cathedral: demonstrate, march, hold a rally, sit in, form a human chain, occupy somewhere, sleep in, stage a dirty protest, refuse to cooperate; work to rule, take industrial action, stop work, down tools, strike, go on strike, walk out, mutiny, picket somewhere; boycott something. 3 Richardson has always protested his innocence: insist on, claim, maintain, declare, announce, profess, proclaim, assert, affirm, argue, vow, avow, aver, pledge, swear, swear to, testify to; rare asseverate.

 

protestation

protestation noun 1 police poured scorn on the bombers' protestations of regret: declaration, announcement, statement, profession, assertion, insistence, claim, affirmation, assurance, attestation, oath, vow, pledge, avowal; rare maintenance, asseveration. 2 no amount of protestations will make you change your mind: objection, protest, statement of opposition, exception, complaint, disapproval, opposition, challenge, dissent, demurral, remonstration, fuss, outcry; railing, inveighing, fulmination; informal stink.

 

protester

protester noun 1 a spokesman for the council admitted losing protesters' letters: objector, opposer, opponent, complainer, dissenter, dissident, nonconformist; rare dissentient. 2 sixty protesters were arrested for wire cutting: demonstrator, protest marcher, human chain; striker, mutineer, picket.

 

protocol

protocol noun 1 he was always a stickler for protocol: etiquette, conventions, formalities, customs, rules of conduct, procedure, ritual, code of behaviour, accepted behaviour, conventionalities, propriety, proprieties, one's Ps and Qs, decorum, manners, courtesies, civilities, good form, the done thing, the thing to do, punctilio; French politesse. 2 the two countries signed a protocol on defence and security: agreement, treaty, entente, concord, concordat, convention, deal, pact, contract, compact, settlement, arrangement; armistice, truce; rare engagement.

 

prototype

prototype noun he was working on the prototype of an inexpensive but effective ventilator: original, first example, first model, master, mould, template, framework, mock-up, pattern, type; design, guide, blueprint; sample, example, paradigm, archetype, exemplar.

 

protract

protract verb the Opposition will try to protract the discussion. See prolong.

 

protracted

protracted adjective his appointment followed weeks of protracted negotiations. See lengthy (sense 2 ).

 

protrude

protrude verb a handle protrudes from the motor housing: stick out, jut, jut out, poke out, project, stand out, come through, peek, poke, stick up, hang out, loom (out ), extend, obtrude; balloon, bulge (out ), swell (out ), pouch (out ); N. Amer. informal pooch (out ); rare protuberate.

 

protruding

protruding adjective he had protruding teeth: sticking out, jutting, jutting out, standing out, prominent, protuberant, proud, obtrusive; overhanging, projecting; bulging, bulbous, swollen, distended; informal goofy; rare protrusive, outjutting, excrescent, gibbous. ANTONYMS sunken; inconspicuous.

 

protrusion

protrusion noun 1 the neck vertebrae have short vertical protrusions: bump, lump, knob, hump, jut, projection, prominence, protuberance, overhang, eminence, ledge, shelf, ridge; swelling, bulge, excrescence, outgrowth, growth, carbuncle; technical process; rare tumescence, intumescence, tumefaction. 2 a phonetician would comment on protrusion of the lips: sticking out, jutting, projection, projecting, obtrusion, obtruding, prominence, protuberance; swelling, bulging; rare tumescence, tumefaction.

 

protuberance

protuberance noun 1 some of the duck-billed dinosaurs evolved protuberances on top of their heads: bump, lump, knob, hump, jut, projection, prominence, protrusion, overhang, eminence, ledge, shelf, ridge, swelling, bulge, excrescence, outgrowth, growth, carbuncle; rare tumescence, intumescence, tumefaction. 2 the protuberance of the incisors in the species suggests that they were extremely important: sticking out, jutting, projection, projecting, obtrusion, obtruding, prominence, protrusion; swelling, bulging; rare tumescence, tumefaction.

 

protuberant

protuberant adjective his eyes are a little protuberant: bulging, bulbous, popping, swelling, swollen, distended, sticking out, jutting, jutting out, protruding; projecting, prominent, proud, humped, obtrusive; informal goggle; rare protrusive, outjutting, excrescent, gibbous. ANTONYMS sunken.

 

Duden Dictionary

prot.

prot. Abkürzung protestantisch

 

Protactinium

Pro t ac ti ni um , Pro tac ti ni um Substantiv, Neutrum Chemie , das |Protact i nium |zu griechisch prõtos = erster und Actinium beim natürlichen Zerfall von Uran entstehendes radioaktives Metall chemisches Element Pa

 

Protagonist

Pro t a go nist , Pro ta go nist Substantiv, maskulin , der |Protagon i st |der Protagonist; Genitiv: des Protagonisten, Plural: die Protagonisten griechisch prōtagōnistḗs, eigentlich = erster Kämpfer, zu Agonist 1 1 (im altgriechischen Drama ) erster Schauspieler (und Regisseur )2 a bildungssprachlich zentrale Gestalt der Protagonist eines Geschehens, eines Films, des Tennissports b bildungssprachlich Vorkämpfer der Protagonist friedlicher Koexistenz

 

Protagonistin

Pro t a go nis tin , Pro ta go ni stin Substantiv, feminin , die |Protagon i stin |die Protagonistin; Genitiv: der Protagonistin, Plural: die Protagonistinnen weibliche Form zu Protagonist

 

Protaktinium

Pro t ak ti ni um , Pro tak ti ni um , das Protactinium |Protakt i nium |

 

Protamin

Pro t a min , Pro tamin Substantiv, Neutrum Chemie , das |Protam i n |das Protamin; Genitiv: des Protamins, Plural: die Protamine griechisch-neulateinisch einfacher, schwefelfreier Eiweißkörper

 

Protandrie

Pro t an d rie , Pro tan drie Substantiv, feminin Biologie , die |Protandr ie |die Protandrie; Genitiv: der Protandrie das Reifwerden der männlichen Geschlechtsprodukte zwittriger Tiere oder Pflanzen vor den weiblichen (zur Verhinderung von Selbstbefruchtung ); Gegensatz Protogynie

 

protandrisch

pro t an d risch, pro tan drisch Adjektiv Biologie |prot a ndrisch |die Protandrie betreffend

 

Protanopie

Pro t a n o pie , Pro ta no pie Substantiv, feminin Medizin , die |Protanop ie |die Protanopie; Genitiv: der Protanopie, Plural: die Protanopien Form der Farbenblindheit, bei der rote Farben nicht wahrgenommen werden können; Rotblindheit

 

Protasis

Pro ta sis Substantiv, feminin , die |Pr o tasis |die Protasis; Genitiv: der Protasis, Plural: die Protasen griechisch-lateinisch 1 Sprachwissenschaft Vordersatz, besonders bedingender Gliedsatz eines Konditionalsatzes; Gegensatz Apodosis 2 der Epitasis vorangehende Einleitung eines dreiaktigen Dramas

 

Protease

Pro te a se Substantiv, feminin Biochemie , die |Prote a se |die Protease; Genitiv: der Protease zu Protein Eiweiß spaltendes Enzym

 

Protegé

Pro te gé Substantiv, maskulin bildungssprachlich , der |…ˈʒeː |der Protegé; Genitiv: des Protegés, Plural: die Protegés französisch protégé, substantiviertes 2. Partizip von: protéger, protegieren Person, die protegiert wird er, sie gilt als Protegé des Ministers

 

protegieren

pro te gie ren schwaches Verb bildungssprachlich |proteˈʒiːrən |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « französisch protéger < lateinisch protegere = bedecken, beschützen für jemandes berufliches, gesellschaftliches Fortkommen den eigenen Einfluss geltend machen den Sohn eines Freundes protegieren

 

Proteid

Pro te id Substantiv, Neutrum Biochemie , das |Prote i d |zu Protein einen nicht eiweißartigen Bestandteil enthaltender Eiweißkörper

 

Protein

Pro te in Substantiv, Neutrum Biochemie , das |Prote i n |das Protein; Genitiv: des Proteins, Plural: die Proteine zu griechisch prõtos = erster; nach der irrtümlichen Annahme, dass alle Eiweißkörper auf einer Grundsubstanz basieren vorwiegend aus Aminosäuren aufgebauter Eiweißkörper z. B. Globulin

 

Proteinase

Pro te i na se Substantiv, feminin Chemie , die |Protein a se |die Proteinase; Genitiv: der Proteinase, Plural: die Proteinasen im Verdauungstrakt vorkommendes Enzym, das Proteine bis zu Polypeptiden abbaut

 

proteisch

pro te isch Adjektiv bildungssprachlich |prot e isch |in der Art eines Proteus ; wandelbar, unzuverlässig

 

Protektion

Pro tek ti on Substantiv, feminin , die |Protekti o n |die Protektion; Genitiv: der Protektion, Plural: die Protektionen Plural selten französisch protection < spätlateinisch protectio = Bedeckung, Beschützung, zu lateinisch protegere (2. Partizip: protectum ), protegieren 1 das Protegieren; Förderung, Begünstigung in beruflicher, gesellschaftlicher o. ä. Hinsicht jemandes Protektion genießen 2 veraltend Schutz, den man durch jemanden erfährt, der den entsprechenden Einfluss hat

 

Protektionismus

Pro tek ti o nis mus Substantiv, maskulin Wirtschaft , der |Protektion i smus |der Protektionismus; Genitiv: des Protektionismus Außenhandelspolitik, die z. B. durch Schutzzölle, Einfuhrbeschränkungen dem Schutz der inländischen Wirtschaft dient

 

Protektionist

Pro tek ti o nist Substantiv, maskulin Wirtschaft , der |Protektion i st |Vertreter, Anhänger des Protektionismus

 

Protektionistin

Pro tek ti o nis tin Substantiv, feminin , die |Protektion i stin |weibliche Form zu Protektionist

 

protektionistisch

pro tek ti o nis tisch Adjektiv |protektion i stisch |den Protektionismus betreffend protektionistische Tendenzen

 

Protektionswirtschaft

Pro tek ti ons wirt schaft Substantiv, feminin abwertend , die |Protekti o nswirtschaft |die Protektionswirtschaft; Genitiv: der Protektionswirtschaft Bevorzugung von Protegés bei der Besetzung wichtiger Stellen

 

protektiv

pro tek tiv Adjektiv |protekt i v |vgl. englisch protective, französisch protectif schützend, als Schutz (dienend ) ein Mittel protektiv benutzen | eine protektive Maßnahme

 

Protektor

Pro tek tor Substantiv, maskulin , der |Prot e ktor |der Protektor; Genitiv: des Protektors, Plural: die Protektoren 1 a bildungssprachlich jemand, der mit seinem beruflichen, gesellschaftlichen o. ä. Einfluss jemanden, etwas fördert, schützt b bildungssprachlich Schirmherr, Ehrenvorsitzender 2 Völkerrecht Schutzmacht 3 Technik mit Profil versehene Lauffläche des Autoreifens 4 (bei der Ausübung bestimmter Sportarten ) als Schutz vor Verletzungen zu tragendes Schutzpolster beim Inlineskaten sollen ein Helm und Protektoren getragen werden

 

Protektorat

Pro tek to rat Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Protektor a t |das Protektorat; Genitiv: des Protektorat [e ]s, Plural: die Protektorate 1 bildungssprachlich Schirmherrschaft 2 a Völkerrecht Schutzherrschaft eines Staates oder einer Staatengemeinschaft über einen anderen Staat b Völkerrecht unter einem Protektorat 2a stehender Staat

 

Protektorin

Pro tek to rin Substantiv, feminin , die |Protekt o rin |weibliche Form zu Protektor 1

 

Proteohormon

Pro te o hor mon Substantiv, Neutrum Biologie , das |Pr o teohormon |das Proteohormon; Genitiv: des Proteohormons, Plural: die Proteohormone griechisch-neulateinisch Hormon vom Charakter eines Proteins oder Proteids

 

Proteolyse

Pro te o ly se , Pro teo ly se Substantiv, feminin Biochemie , die |Proteol y se |zu Protein und Lyse Aufspaltung von Eiweißkörpern in Aminosäuren

 

proteolytisch

pro te o ly tisch , pro teo ly tisch Adjektiv Biochemie |proteol y tisch |a Eiweiß abbauend b Eiweiß verdauend

 

Proterandrie

Pro te r an d rie , Pro te ran drie , die Protandrie |Proterandr ie |

 

proterogyn

pro te ro gyn protogyn |proterog y n |

 

Proterozoikum

Pro te ro zo i kum Substantiv, Neutrum Geologie , das |Proteroz o ikum |zu griechisch próteros = früher, eher und zōḗ = Leben Algonkium

 

Protest

Pro test Substantiv, maskulin , der |Prot e st |der Protest; Genitiv: des Protest [e ]s, Plural: die Proteste ursprünglich Kaufmannssprache, italienisch protesto = Protest 2 , zu: protestare < lateinisch protestari, protestieren 1 meist spontane und temperamentvolle Bekundung des Missfallens, der Ablehnung ein formeller Protest | [schriftlich ] Protest gegen etwas erheben | gegen etwas Protest anbringen | es hagelte Proteste | unter Protest den Saal verlassen 2 Wirtschaft amtliche Beurkundung der Nichtannahme eines Wechsels, der Nichteinlösung eines Wechsels oder Schecks den Protest auf den Wechsel setzen | einen Wechsel zu Protest gehen lassen (die Nichteinlösung eines Wechsels beurkunden lassen )3 DDR Rechtssprache Rechtsmittel des Staatsanwaltes gegen ein Urteil des Kreisgerichts oder ein durch die erste Instanz ergangenes Urteil des Bezirksgerichts

 

Protestaktion

Pro test ak ti on Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e staktion |[öffentliche ] organisierte Aktion 1 , mit der gegen etwas, jemanden protestiert 1a wird

 

Protestant

Pro tes tant Substantiv, maskulin , der |Protest a nt |der Protestant; Genitiv: des Protestanten, Plural: die Protestanten zu lateinisch protestans (Genitiv: protestantis ), 1. Partizip von: protestari, protestieren 1 Angehöriger einer protestantischen Kirche nach dem feierlichen Protest 1 der evangelischen Reichsstände auf dem Reichstag zu Speyer 1529 2 seltener jemand, der gegen etwas, jemanden protestiert 1a

 

Protestantin

Pro tes tan tin Substantiv, feminin , die |Protest a ntin |die Protestantin; Genitiv: der Protestantin, Plural: die Protestantinnen weibliche Form zu Protestant

 

protestantisch

pro tes tan tisch Adjektiv |protest a ntisch |a zum Protestantismus gehörend, ihn vertretend Abkürzung: prot. die protestantischen Kirchen b für die Protestant [inn ]en charakteristisch

 

Protestantismus

Pro tes tan tis mus Substantiv, maskulin , der |Protestant i smus |der Protestantismus; Genitiv: des Protestantismus a aus der kirchlichen Reformation des 16. Jahrhunderts hervorgegangene Glaubensbewegung, die die verschiedenen evangelischen Kirchengemeinschaften umfasst b Geist und Lehre des protestantischen Glaubens; das Protestantischsein

 

Protestation

Pro tes ta ti on Substantiv, feminin , die |Protestati o n |lateinisch Missfallensbekundung, Protest

 

Protestbewegung

Pro test be we gung Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e stbewegung |gegen bestimmte politische, soziale Verhältnisse o. Ä. protestierende Bewegung 3b

 

Protestbrief

Pro test brief Substantiv, maskulin , der |Prot e stbrief | vgl. Protestschreiben

 

Protestdemonstration

Pro test de mons t ra ti on , Pro test de mons tra ti on Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e stdemonstration | vgl. Protestkundgebung

 

Protestgeschrei

Pro test ge schrei Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Prot e stgeschrei |Protest ausdrückendes Geschrei, lautstarkes Protestieren

 

Protesthaltung

Pro test hal tung Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e sthaltung |

 

protestieren

pro tes tie ren schwaches Verb |protest ie ren |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « spätmittelhochdeutsch protestieren < französisch protester < lateinisch protestari = öffentlich bezeugen, verkünden 1 a Protest 1 erheben, einlegen öffentlich protestieren b eine Behauptung, Forderung, einen Vorschlag o. Ä. zurückweisen 2 Wirtschaft (einen Wechsel ) zu Protest 2 gehen lassen

 

Protestierer

Pro tes tie rer Substantiv, maskulin umgangssprachlich , der |Protest ie rer |der Protestierer; Genitiv: des Protestierers, Plural: die Protestierer jemand, der gegen etwas, jemanden öffentlich protestiert 1a

 

Protestiererin

Pro tes tie re rin Substantiv, feminin , die |Protest ie rerin |die Protestiererin; Genitiv: der Protestiererin, Plural: die Protestiererinnen weibliche Form zu Protestierer

 

Protestkomitee

Pro test ko mi tee Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Prot e stkomitee |

 

Protestkundgebung

Pro test kund ge bung Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e stkundgebung |Protestaktion in Form einer Kundgebung

 

Protestler

Pro test ler Substantiv, maskulin umgangssprachlich, oft abwertend , der |Prot e stler |der Protestler; Genitiv: des Protestlers, Plural: die Protestler jemand, der gegen etwas, jemanden öffentlich protestiert 1a

 

Protestlerin

Pro test le rin Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e stlerin |weibliche Form zu Protestler

 

Protestmarsch

Pro test marsch Substantiv, maskulin , der |Prot e stmarsch | vgl. Protestkundgebung

 

Protestnote

Pro test no te Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e stnote |offizielle Beschwerde, schriftlicher Einspruch einer Regierung bei der Regierung eines anderen Staates gegen einen Übergriff

 

Protestpartei

Pro test par tei Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e stpartei | vgl. Protestbewegung

 

Protestresolution

Pro test re so lu ti on Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e stresolution |Resolution, in der Protest gegen etwas Bestimmtes zum Ausdruck gebracht wird

 

Protestruf

Pro test ruf Substantiv, maskulin , der |Prot e struf |Zwischenruf aus Protest 1

 

Protestsänger

Pro test sän ger Substantiv, maskulin , der |Prot e stsänger |jemand, der Protestsongs vorträgt

 

Protestsängerin

Pro test sän ge rin Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e stsängerin |weibliche Form zu Protestsänger

 

Protestschreiben

Pro test schrei ben Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Prot e stschreiben |Schreiben, mit dem Protest 1 eingelegt wird

 

Protestsong

Pro test song Substantiv, maskulin , der |Prot e stsong | Song 2 , in dem soziale oder politische Verhältnisse kritisiert werden

 

Proteststreik

Pro test streik Substantiv, maskulin , der |Prot e ststreik |

 

Proteststurm

Pro test sturm Substantiv, maskulin , der |Prot e ststurm |stürmischer Protest es erhob sich ein Proteststurm

 

Protesttag

Pro test tag Substantiv, maskulin , der |Prot e sttag |Tag, an dem Protestaktionen stattfinden

 

Protestveranstaltung

Pro test ver an stal tung Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e stveranstaltung |Protestaktion in Form einer Veranstaltung

 

Protestversammlung

Pro test ver samm lung Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e stversammlung | vgl. Protestkundgebung

 

Protestwähler

Pro test wäh ler Substantiv, maskulin , der |Prot e stwähler |Wähler, der aus Protest eine andere (meist eine extremistische ) Partei wählt als sonst

 

Protestwählerin

Pro test wäh le rin Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e stwählerin |weibliche Form zu Protestwähler

 

Protestwelle

Pro test wel le Substantiv, feminin , die |Prot e stwelle |Häufung von Protestaktionen eine Protestwelle auslösen

 

Protestzug

Pro test zug Substantiv, maskulin , der |Prot e stzug |Protestaktion in Form eines Umzuges

 

Proteus

Pro teus Substantiv, maskulin bildungssprachlich , der |Pr o teus |der Proteus; Genitiv: des Proteus, Plural: die Proteus allzu wandlungsfähiger Mensch, der leicht seine Gesinnung ändert

 

Proteus

Pro teus Eigenname griechische Mythologie |Pr o teus |Meeresgott mit der Gabe der Weissagung und Verwandlung

 

proteushaft

pro teus haft Adjektiv |pr o teushaft |allzu wandlungsfähig

 

Protevangelium

Prot evan ge li um Substantiv, Neutrum katholische Theologie , das Protoevangelium |Pr o tevangelium |die als Ankündigung des Messias gedeutete Bibelstelle in der Genesis (1. Mose 3, 15 )

 

Prothallium

Pro thal li um Substantiv, Neutrum Botanik , das |Proth a llium |das Prothallium; Genitiv: des Prothalliums, Plural: die Prothallien griechisch-neulateinisch Vorkeim der Farnpflanzen

 

Prothese

Pro the se Substantiv, feminin , die |Proth e se |die Prothese; Genitiv: der Prothese, Plural: die Prothesen 1 künstlicher Ersatz eines fehlenden, amputierten oder unvollständig ausgebildeten Körperteils, besonders der Gliedmaßen oder der Zähne zu griechisch prósthesis = das Hinzufügen, das Ansetzen, verwechselt mit: próthesis = das Voransetzen; Vorsatz die Prothese drückt | Minenopfer müssen eine Prothese tragen 2 griechisch próthesis Sprachwissenschaft Entwicklung eines neuen Vokals oder einer neuen Silbe am Wortanfang z. B. lateinisch stella: spanisch estella

 

Prothesenträger

Pro the sen trä ger Substantiv, maskulin , der |Proth e senträger |jemand, der eine Prothese 1 trägt

 

Prothesenträgerin

Pro the sen trä ge rin Substantiv, feminin , die |Proth e senträgerin |weibliche Form zu Prothesenträger

 

Prothetik

Pro the tik Substantiv, feminin Medizin , die |Proth e tik |medizinisch-technischer Wissenschaftsbereich, der sich mit der Konstruktion von Prothesen 1 befasst

 

prothetisch

pro the tisch Adjektiv Medizin |proth e tisch |1 die Prothetik betreffend, dazu gehörend 2 eine Prothese 1 betreffend, dazu gehörend 3 Sprachwissenschaft auf Prothese 2 beruhend ein prothetischer Vokal

 

Protist

Pro tist Substantiv, maskulin Biologie , der |Prot i st |der Protist; Genitiv: des Protisten, Plural: die Protisten meist im Plural griechisch-neulateinisch einzelliges Lebewesen

 

Protium

Pro ti um Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Pr o tium |das Protium; Genitiv: des Protiums griechisch-neulateinisch leichter Wasserstoff, Wasserstoffisotop; vgl. Isotop

 

proto-

pro to- , Pro to- , prot- Prot- Präfix Proto- vor Vokalen meist prot- Prot- griechisch prõtos Bestimmungswort in Zusammensetzungen mit der Bedeutung erster, vorderster, wichtigster; Ur- z. B. prototypisch, Protoplasma, Protagonist

 

Protobiont

Pro to bi ont Substantiv, maskulin , der |Protobi o nt |der Protobiont; Genitiv: des Protobionten, Plural: die Protobionten meist im Plural griechisch-neulateinisch erste im Verlauf der Evolution entstandene Zelle mit der Fähigkeit zur Selbstvermehrung

 

Protoevangelium

Pro to evan ge li um Substantiv, Neutrum katholische Theologie , das Protevangelium |Pr o toevangelium |die als Ankündigung des Messias gedeutete Bibelstelle in der Genesis (1. Mose 3, 15 )

 

protogen

pro to gen Adjektiv Geologie |protog e n |griechisch prōtogenḗs = ursprünglich (besonders von Erzlagerstätten ) am Ort des heutigen Vorkommens entstanden

 

protogyn

pro to gyn Adjektiv Biologie |protog y n |die Protogynie betreffend

 

Protogynie

Pro to gy nie Substantiv, feminin Biologie , die |Protogyn ie |die Protogynie; Genitiv: der Protogynie das Reifwerden der weiblichen Geschlechtsprodukte zwittriger Tiere und Pflanzen vor den männlichen Geschlechtsprodukten; Gegensatz Protandrie

 

Protokoll

Pro to koll Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Protok o ll |das Protokoll; Genitiv: des Protokolls, Plural: die Protokolle mittellateinisch protocollum < mittelgriechisch prōtókollon, eigentlich = (den amtlichen Papyrusrollen ) vorgeleimtes (Blatt ), zu griechisch prõtos ( proto- , Proto- ) und kólla = Leim 1 a wortgetreue oder auf die wesentlichen Punkte beschränkte Niederschrift über eine Sitzung, Verhandlung, ein Verhör o. Ä. ein polizeiliches Protokoll | etwas im Protokoll festhalten [das ] Protokoll führen den Ablauf, Verlauf von etwas schriftlich festhalten etwas zu Protokoll geben etwas äußern, aussagen, damit es protokollarisch 1a festgehalten wird etwas zu Protokoll nehmen etwas protokollarisch 1a festhalten b besonders Fachsprache genauer Bericht über Verlauf und Ergebnis eines Versuchs, Heilverfahrens, einer Operation o. Ä. ein genaues Protokoll einer Sektion | das Protokoll eines physikalischen Versuchs 2 ohne Plural für den diplomatischen Verkehr verbindliche Formen; diplomatisches Zeremoniell ein strenges Protokoll | das Protokoll des Staatsbesuchs ändern 3 a EDV Festlegung von Standards und Konventionen für eine reibungslose Datenübertragung zwischen Computern b EDV Aufzeichnung der auf einem Computer ablaufenden Vorgänge 4 landschaftlich polizeiliches Strafmandat bei Ordnungswidrigkeiten im Straßenverkehr

 

Protokollabteilung

Pro to koll ab tei lung Substantiv, feminin , die |Protok o llabteilung |für das Protokoll 2 zuständige Abteilung im Auswärtigen Amt

 

Protokollant

Pro to kol lant Substantiv, maskulin , der Protokollantin |Protokoll a nt |der Protokollant; Genitiv: des Protokollanten, Plural: die Protokollanten -ant jemand, der etwas protokolliert

 

Protokollantin

Pro to kol lan tin Substantiv, feminin , die |Protokoll a ntin |weibliche Form zu Protokollant

 

protokollarisch

pro to kol la risch Adjektiv |protokoll a risch |1 a in Form eines Protokolls 1 etwas protokollarisch festhalten b im Protokoll 1 festgehalten, aufgrund des Protokolls eine protokollarische Aussage 2 dem Protokoll 2 entsprechend sich den protokollarischen Gepflogenheiten gemäß verhalten

 

Protokollchef

Pro to koll chef Substantiv, maskulin , der |Protok o llchef |Chef des Protokolls 2

 

Protokollchefin

Pro to koll che fin Substantiv, feminin , die |Protok o llchefin |weibliche Form zu Protokollchef

 

Protokolldatei

Pro to koll da tei Substantiv, feminin EDV , die |Protok o lldatei |Logfile

 

Protokollführer

Pro to koll füh rer Substantiv, maskulin , der |Protok o llführer |jemand, der bei Sitzungen, Verhandlungen o. Ä. für das Protokoll beauftragt ist

 

Protokollführerin

Pro to koll füh re rin Substantiv, feminin , die |Protok o llführerin |weibliche Form zu Protokollführer

 

protokollieren

pro to kol lie ren schwaches Verb |protokoll ie ren |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « mittellateinisch protocollare a protokollarisch 1a aufzeichnen eine Vernehmung, Beratung, eine Aussage protokollieren b Protokoll führen er hat sorgfältig, ungenau protokolliert

 

Protokollierung

Pro to kol lie rung Substantiv, feminin , die |Protokoll ie rung |die Protokollierung; Genitiv: der Protokollierung, Plural: die Protokollierungen das Protokollieren

 

Protokollstrecke

Pro to koll stre cke Substantiv, feminin , die |Protok o llstrecke |Wegstrecke, die hochrangige Gäste bei Staatsbesuchen, regierungsamtlichen Empfängen o. Ä. in einer Fahrzeugkolonne befahren

 

Proton

Pro ton Substantiv, Neutrum Kernphysik , das |Pr o ton |das Proton; Genitiv: des Protons, Plural: die Protonen griechisch prõton, substantiviertes Neutrum von: prõtos, proto- , Proto- den Kern des leichten Wasserstoffatoms bildendes, positiv geladenes Elementarteilchen, das zusammen mit dem Neutron Baustein aller zusammengesetzten Atomkerne ist p

 

Protonenbeschleuniger

Pro to nen be schleu ni ger Substantiv, maskulin Kernphysik , der |Prot o nenbeschleuniger |Vorrichtung zur Beschleunigung von Protonen

 

Protonotar

Pro to no tar Substantiv, maskulin , der |Protonot a r |1 (im Mittelalter ) höhergestellter Notar in der Kanzlei eines weltlichen Herrschers oder des Papstes mittellateinisch protonotarius, zu griechisch prõtos ( proto- , Proto- ) und Notar 2 katholische Kirche Prälat der Kurie mit besonderen Funktionen und Privilegien

 

Proton Pseudos

Pro ton Pseu dos Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Pr o ton Ps eu dos |das Proton Pseudos; Genitiv: des Proton Pseudos griechisch ; »die erste Lüge «1 Philosophie erste falsche Prämisse eines Syllogismus , durch die der ganze Schluss falsch wird 2 falsche Voraussetzung, aus der andere Irrtümer gefolgert werden

 

Protophyte

Pro to phy te Substantiv, feminin Biologie , die Protophyton |Protoph y te |zu griechisch phytón = Pflanze einzellige Pflanze

 

Protophyton

Pro to phy ton Substantiv, Neutrum Biologie , das Protophyte |Prot o phyton |das Protophyton; Genitiv: des Protophytons, Plural: die Protophyten zu griechisch phytón = Pflanze einzellige Pflanze

 

Protoplasma

Pro to plas ma Substantiv, Neutrum Biologie , das |Protopl a sma |lebende Substanz aller menschlichen, tierischen und pflanzlichen Zellen, in der sich der Stoff- und Energiewechsel vollzieht Kurzform: Plasma 1

 

protoplasmatisch

pro to plas ma tisch Adjektiv |protoplasm a tisch |aus Protoplasma bestehend, zum Protoplasma gehörend

 

Protoplast

Pro to plast Substantiv, maskulin , der |Protopl a st |der Protoplast; Genitiv: des Protoplasten, Plural: die Protoplasten 1 Biologie aus Zellkern, Zellplasma und Plastiden bestehende Pflanzenzelle ohne Zellwand 2 nur Plural Theologie Adam und Eva als die erstgeschaffenen menschlichen Wesen

 

Protorenaissance

Pro to re nais sance Substantiv, feminin , die |Pr o torenaissance |die Protorenaissance; Genitiv: der Protorenaissance Vorrenaissance in Bezug auf die Übernahme antiker [Bau ]formen im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert in Italien und Südfrankreich

 

Protos

Pro tos Substantiv, maskulin Musik , der |Pr o tos |der Protos; Genitiv: des Protos griechisch erster (dorischer ) Kirchenton

 

Prototyp

Pro to typ Substantiv, maskulin , der |Pr o totyp selten protoˈtyːp |der Prototyp; Genitiv: des Prototyps, Plural: die Prototypen spätlateinisch prototypos < griechisch prōtótypos = ursprünglich 1 bildungssprachlich jemand als Inbegriff dessen, was für eine bestimmte Art von Mensch, für eine berufliche, gesellschaftliche o. ä. Gruppe gewöhnlich als typisch erachtet wird sie ist der Prototyp einer Geschäftsfrau 2 als Vorbild, Muster dienende charakteristische Ur-, Grundform 3 Technik [vor der Serienproduktion ] zur Erprobung und Weiterentwicklung bestimmte erste Ausführung (von Fahrzeugen, Maschinen o. Ä.) neue Prototypen testen 4 Motorsport Rennwagen einer bestimmten Klasse, der nur in Einzelstücken hergestellt wird 5 Fachsprache Normal 1

 

prototypisch

pro to ty pisch Adjektiv |protot y pisch |den Prototyp 1 betreffend, in der Art eines Prototyps

 

Protozoen

Pro to zo en |Protoz o en |Plural von Protozoon

 

Protozoologie

Pro to zo o lo gie Substantiv, feminin , die |Protozoolog ie |die Protozoologie; Genitiv: der Protozoologie Wissenschaft von den Einzellern

 

protozoologisch

pro to zo o lo gisch Adjektiv |protozool o gisch |die Protozoologie betreffend

 

Protozoon

Pro to zo on Substantiv, Neutrum Biologie , das |Protoz o on |das Protozoon; Genitiv: des Protozoons, Plural: die Protozoen meist im Plural zu griechisch zõon = Lebewesen mikroskopisch kleines, aus einer einzigen Zelle bestehendes Tierchen; Urtierchen

 

protrahieren

pro tra hie ren schwaches Verb Medizin |protrah ie ren |lateinisch die Wirkung (z. B. eines Medikaments, einer Bestrahlung ) verzögern oder verlängern z. B. durch geringe Dosierung

 

protrahiert

pro tra hiert Adjektiv Medizin |protrah ie rt |verzögert oder über eine längere Zeit hinweg [wirkend ] z. B. von Medikamenten

 

Protraktion

Pro trak ti on Substantiv, feminin Medizin , die |Protrakti o n |die Protraktion; Genitiv: der Protraktion, Plural: die Protraktionen absichtliche Verzögerung der Wirkung eines Arzneimittels oder einer therapeutischen Maßnahme

 

Protreptik

Pro t rep tik, Pro trep tik Substantiv, feminin , die |Protr e ptik |die Protreptik; Genitiv: der Protreptik griechisch Aufmunterung, Ermahnung [zum Studium der Philosophie ] als Bestandteil antiker didaktischer Schriften

 

protreptisch

pro t rep tisch , pro trep tisch Adjektiv |protr e ptisch |die Protreptik betreffend, ermahnend, aufmunternd

 

Protrusion

Pro t ru si on , Pro tru si on Substantiv, feminin Medizin , die |Protrusi o n |die Protrusion; Genitiv: der Protrusion, Plural: die Protrusionen lateinisch-neulateinisch das Hervortreten, Verlagern nach außen z. B. eines Organs aus seiner normalen Lage

 

Protuberanz

Pro tu be ranz Substantiv, feminin , die |Protuber a nz |zu spätlateinisch protuberare = anschwellen, hervortreten 1 meist im Plural Astronomie aus dem Sonneninneren ausströmende leuchtende Gasmasse 2 Anatomie höckerartige Vorwölbung an Knochen

 

Protz

Protz Substantiv, maskulin umgangssprachlich , der |Pr o tz |der Protz; Genitiv: des Protzes (veraltend : Protzen ), Protze (veraltend : Protzen ) ursprünglich = Kröte, wohl nach dem Bild der sich aufblasenden Kröte; vielleicht zu mundartlich brossen, mittelhochdeutsch broʒʒen in der ursprünglichen Bedeutung »anschwellen «1 jemand, der protzt 2 ohne Plural Protzerei 3

 

Protz

Protz Substantiv, maskulin Forstwirtschaft , der |Pr o tz |der Protz; Genitiv: des Protzen und Protzes, Protze [n ] mittelhochdeutsch broʒ = Knospe, zu: broʒʒen = sprossen (bei jungen Baumbeständen ) Baum von schlechtem Wuchs, der schneller als die anderen gewachsen ist und diese im Wachstum behindert

 

Protze

Prot ze Substantiv, feminin Militär früher , die |Pr o tze |italienisch (mundartlich ) birazzo = Zweiradkarren < spätlateinisch birotium, zu: birotus = zweirädrig zum Transport von Munition benutzter, zweirädriger Wagen, an den das Geschütz angehängt wird

 

protzen

prot zen schwaches Verb umgangssprachlich |pr o tzen |schwaches Verb; Perfektbildung mit »hat « zu Protz a in der Absicht, Neid oder Bewunderung zu erwecken, eigene [vermeintliche ] Vorzüge oder Vorteile in prahlerischer Weise zur Geltung bringen mit seiner Bildung protzen b protzig 1 sagen, äußern c sich protzig 2 zeigen, darbieten

 

protzenhaft

prot zen haft Adjektiv umgangssprachlich |pr o tzenhaft |

 

Protzentum

Prot zen tum Substantiv, Neutrum , das |Pr o tzentum |

 

Protzerei

Prot ze rei Substantiv, feminin umgangssprachlich , die |Protzer ei |1 ohne Plural [dauerndes ] Protzen a 2 protzige 1 Äußerung, Handlung 3 ohne Plural übertriebener Prunk

 

Protzertum

Prot zer tum Substantiv, Neutrum umgangssprachlich , das |Pr o tzertum |Art eines Protzers

 

protzig

prot zig Adjektiv umgangssprachlich |pr o tzig |1 in unangenehmer, herausfordernder Weise seine eigenen [vermeintlichen ] Vorzüge, seinen Besitz, hervorkehrend 2 übertrieben aufwendig; herausfordernd luxuriös ein protziger Wagen

 

Protzigkeit

Prot zig keit Substantiv, feminin , die |Pr o tzigkeit |1 protzige Art 2 etwas protzig Wirkendes

 

Protzwagen

Protz wa gen Substantiv, maskulin Militär früher , der |Pr o tzwagen |

 

French Dictionary

prot(o)-

prot (o )- préf. préfixe Élément du grec signifiant « primitif, premier ». : Prototype.

 

protagoniste

protagoniste n. m. et f. nom masculin et féminin Personne qui joue un rôle important dans une pièce de théâtre et, au figuré, dans une affaire. SYNONYME acteur . Note Sémantique Ne pas confondre avec le nom antagoniste, adversaire, personne en conflit avec une autre.

 

protecteur

protecteur , trice adj. et n. m. et f. adjectif et nom masculin et féminin Qui protège. : Un casque protecteur. Cet abbé est le protecteur des sans-abri. LOCUTION Protecteur du citoyen. Personne indépendante chargée de défendre les droits des particuliers. SYNONYME ombudsman .

 

protection

protection n. f. nom féminin 1 Action de défendre quelqu ’un. : La protection de la jeunesse. SYNONYME aide ; appui ; assistance ; secours ; soutien . 2 Sauvegarde. : La protection de l ’environnement. SYNONYME conservation . LOCUTIONS Par protection Par faveur. : Il a obtenu ce poste par protection. Protection rapprochée. Ensemble des moyens mis en œuvre pour protéger une personnalité (garde du corps, etc. ).

 

protectionnisme

protectionnisme n. m. nom masculin économie Doctrine prônant des mesures qui pénalisent la concurrence étrangère, notamment des tarifs douaniers élevés. ANTONYME libre-échange .

 

protectionniste

protectionniste adj. et n. m. et f. adjectif et nom masculin et féminin Qui favorise le protectionnisme. : Des mesures douanières protectionnistes. Des protectionnistes en désaccord avec l ’ALÉNA. ANTONYME libre-échangiste .

 

protégé

protégé , ée n. m. et f. nom masculin et féminin Personne qui jouit de la protection de quelqu ’un. : Émile est le protégé du président.

 

protège-cahier

protège -cahier n. m. (pl. protège -cahiers ) nom masculin Couverture qui sert à protéger un cahier.

 

protège-dents

protège -dents n. m. inv. (pl. protège -dents ) nom masculin invariable Appareil servant à protéger les dents des boxeurs, de certains sportifs.

 

protéger

protéger v. tr. , pronom. verbe transitif 1 Préserver, aider. : Protéger une enfant. SYNONYME assister ; défendre ; secourir . 2 Garder à l ’abri des inconvénients. : Cet auvent nous protège de la pluie, contre la pluie. SYNONYME préserver . Note Grammaticale À la forme pronominale, le participe passé de ce verbe s ’accorde en genre et en nombre avec le complément direct si celui-ci le précède. Le genou qu ’elle s ’est protégé. Elles se sont protégées du soleil. Le participe passé reste invariable si le complément direct suit le verbe. Ils se sont protégé les yeux. protéger Conjugaison Le é se change en è devant une syllabe contenant un e muet, sauf à l ’indicatif futur et au conditionnel présent. Je protège, mais je protégerai.Le g est suivi d ’un e devant les lettres a et o. Il protégea, nous protégeons.

 

protège-tibia

protège -tibia n. m. (pl. protège -tibias ) nom masculin Appareil servant à protéger les jambes des joueurs de hockey, de football, etc.

 

protéine

protéine n. f. nom féminin Matière qui entre dans la composition des êtres vivants. : Il y a des protéines dans le bœuf et dans les œufs.

 

protéique

protéique adj. adjectif Qui se rapporte aux protéines. : Des substances protéiques.

 

protéome

protéome n. m. nom masculin néologisme Ensemble des protéines contenues dans une cellule, un tissu ou un organisme vivant.

 

protéomique

protéomique n. f. nom féminin néologisme Ensemble des recherches portant sur les protéines (protéome ) contenues dans une cellule, un tissu ou un organisme vivant.

 

protestant

protestant , ante adj. et n. m. et f. adjectif et nom masculin et féminin Qui appartient au protestantisme. : Le culte protestant. Note Typographique L ’adjectif ainsi que le nom s ’écrivent avec une minuscule.

 

protestantisme

protestantisme n. m. nom masculin Doctrine chrétienne qui ne reconnaît pas le pape. Note Typographique Les noms de religions s ’écrivent avec une minuscule.

 

protestataire

protestataire adj. et n. m. et f. adjectif et nom masculin et féminin Qui proteste. : Des étudiants protestataires. Les protestataires occupent les bureaux du doyen.

 

protestation

protestation n. f. nom féminin Témoignage d ’opposition. : Les manifestants faisaient entendre leurs protestations véhémentes.

 

protester

protester v. tr. ind. , intr. verbe transitif indirect Assurer avec force. : Il protesta de son innocence. Note Syntaxique En ce sens, le verbe se construit avec la préposition de. verbe intransitif 1 Prétendre avec vigueur. : Il protesta qu ’il avait été induit en erreur. SYNONYME indigner ; plaindre . Note Syntaxique En ce sens, le verbe se construit avec la conjonction que suivie de l ’indicatif. 2 S ’opposer à. : Ils protestèrent contre ces mesures discriminatoires. SYNONYME contester ; élever contre ; plaindre . Note Syntaxique En ce sens, le verbe se construit avec la préposition contre. aimer

 

prothèse

prothèse n. f. nom féminin Aide technique destinée à remplacer en tout ou en partie un organe ou un membre et à lui restituer sa fonction ou son aspect original (Recomm. off. ). : Un amputé qui porte une prothèse. Note Sémantique Ne pas confondre avec le nom orthèse, aide technique destinée à suppléer ou à corriger une fonction déficiente, à compenser les limitations ou même à accroître le rendement physiologique d ’un organe ou d ’un membre qui a perdu sa fonction, qui ne s ’est jamais pleinement développé ou est atteint d ’anomalies congénitales (Recomm. off. ). LOCUTION Prothèse dentaire. Appareil fixe ou mobile porteur de plusieurs dents (prothèse partielle ) ou remplaçant la totalité des dents (prothèse totale ) (Recomm. off. ). Note Orthographique pro th èse.

 

prothésiste

prothésiste n. m. et f. nom masculin et féminin Personne qui fabrique des prothèses. : Une prothésiste dentaire habile.

 

protocolaire

protocolaire adj. adjectif Conforme aux règles du protocole. : Un accueil protocolaire. Prononciation Les o sont ouverts, [prɔtɔkɔlɛr ] Note Orthographique protocol aire.

 

protocole

protocole n. m. nom masculin 1 Ensemble de règles à observer en matière d ’étiquette. : Le Service du protocole a réglé la cérémonie dans ses moindres détails. 2 informatique Ensemble des conventions qui déterminent le format et la synchronisation d ’un message à échanger entre deux unités d ’un réseau. LOCUTION Protocole opératoire. Ensemble des étapes que doit suivre le chirurgien au cours d ’une intervention chirurgicale (DDFM ). Note Technique À la suite d ’une intervention, le chirurgien doit rédiger le compte rendu (et non *protocole ) opératoire (DDFM ). FORME FAUTIVE protocole opératoire. Impropriété au sens de compte rendu opératoire. Prononciation Les o sont ouverts, [prɔtɔkɔl ] Note Orthographique protoco l e.

 

proton

proton n. m. nom masculin Particule entrant avec le neutron dans la composition du noyau atomique.

 

protonotaire

protonotaire FORME FAUTIVE Impropriété pour secrétaire (à la Cour supérieure ).

 

prototype

prototype n. m. nom masculin 1 Premier exemplaire d ’un modèle (d ’une machine, d ’un véhicule, d ’un logiciel ) construit avant la fabrication en série. 2 Exemple parfait, modèle. : Elle est le prototype de l ’ingéniosité.

 

protubérance

protubérance n. f. nom féminin Saillie. SYNONYME proéminence . ANTONYME cavité . Note Orthographique protubér an ce.

 

protubérant

protubérant , ante adj. adjectif Qui forme une saillie. : Un ventre protubérant. SYNONYME prééminent . ANTONYME creux . Note Orthographique protubér ant.

 

Spanish Dictionary

protactinio

protactinio nombre masculino Elemento químico de número atómico 91, masa atómica 231 y símbolo Pa ; es un metal radiactivo sólido que se encuentra en los minerales de uranio :el protactinio pertenece al grupo de los actínidos .

 

protagonismo

protagonismo nombre masculino 1 Condición o cualidad de protagonista :asumió el protagonismo de la reunión por su facilidad de palabra; ambas partes indicaron que la ONU debe tomar mayor protagonismo en las conversaciones bilaterales .2 Tendencia que tiene una persona a estar siempre en el primer plano de un asunto o a mostrarse como la persona más cualificada .

 

protagonista

protagonista nombre común 1 Personaje principal de una obra literaria, una película u otra creación narrativa .2 Persona o cosa que desempeña el papel principal en una obra, un hecho o un acontecimiento :una joven de Bogotá fue la protagonista de un extraño rapto por amor; en sus esculturas, el protagonista es el tema amoroso .

 

protagonizar

protagonizar verbo transitivo 1 Representar el personaje principal de una obra literaria, una película u otra creación narrativa .2 Desempeñar el papel principal en una obra, un hecho o un acontecimiento :protagonizó la primera película producida por él mismo; (fig ) tras la explosión, algunos vecinos protagonizaban escenas de tensión y nerviosismo . Conjugación [4 ] como realizar .

 

protalo

protalo o prótalo nombre masculino bot Gametofito de las plantas pteridofitas; es una pequeña lámina verde, de forma acorazonada y fijada al suelo por pelos rizoides .

 

prótasis

prótasis nombre femenino ling Parte de la oración condicional que expresa la condición o hipótesis y va introducida por la conjunción si ; es la proposición subordinada :en la oración ‘si vas al mercado, compra verduras y arroz ’, la prótasis es ‘si vas al mercado ’.El plural es prótasis .

 

proteasa

proteasa nombre femenino biol Enzima que rompe los enlaces de las proteínas .

 

protección

protección nombre femenino 1 Acción de proteger o impedir que una persona o una cosa reciba daño o que llegue hasta ella algo que lo produzca :impulsar medidas de protección; la protección del medio ambiente se ha convertido hoy día en una preocupación generalizada y en una exigencia colectiva de las sociedades avanzadas .2 Ayuda para que una persona o una cosa esté en buenas condiciones :buscaba la protección de la aristocracia; la protección que el joven aguerrido prestó a su padre herido fue fundamental para el feliz desenlace .3 Cosa que protege o sirve para proteger :en zonas soleadas el sol provoca la formación de vapor de agua condensado dentro de las protecciones de plástico de los arbustos; existen en el mercado protecciones especiales para hombros, espalda, rodillas, etcétera, que, aunque son algo incómodas, dan mayor seguridad a la hora de salir a la carretera .

 

proteccionismo

proteccionismo nombre masculino 1 Doctrina económica, opuesta al librecambismo, que intenta favorecer la producción nacional frente a la competencia extranjera haciendo pagar impuestos por la importación de productos extranjeros y favoreciendo a los nacionales con medidas especiales .2 Sistema económico basado en esta doctrina :el analista político criticó duramente el proteccionismo del Gobierno, aduciendo que forma parte de una política demagógica que solo se interesa en beneficiar a una minoría; entre 1940 y 1960 la autarquía y el proteccionismo favorecieron la industria y la explotación del carbón .

 

proteccionista

proteccionista adjetivo 1 Del proteccionismo o relacionado con él :aranceles proteccionistas; una política económica proteccionista .ANTÓNIMO librecambista .2 adjetivo /nombre común [persona ] Que es partidario del proteccionismo .

 

protector, -ra

protector, -ra adjetivo /nombre masculino 1 [cosa ] Que sirve para proteger o impedir que una persona o cosa reciba daño :filtro protector; funda protectora; cascos protectores; membrana protectora; un dispositivo protector de precios; lo han operado del tabique nasal y ahora jugará unos días con un protector nasal .2 adjetivo /nombre masculino y femenino [persona ] Que protege, ayuda o favorece con su fuerza o influencia a alguien o algo para que esté en buenas condiciones :protector de causas perdidas; ella siempre fue su protectora .3 adjetivo Que es propio de la persona protectora :sentimientos protectores; en actitud protectora .4 nombre masculino Aparato para proteger los dientes que usan los boxeadores .También protector dental .5 Colomb, Venez Puerta de red que se pone tras la de madera para evitar el paso de insectos .SINÓNIMO mosquitera .

 

protectorado

protectorado nombre masculino 1 Soberanía parcial que un estado ejerce sobre un territorio que no está incorporado por completo a esa nación y que posee autoridades propias :algunos países europeos ejercieron su protectorado sobre la mayoría del territorio africano .2 Territorio en el que se ejerce esa soberanía :la India fue un protectorado inglés .

 

protegedientes

protegedientes nombre masculino Protector dental .El plural es protegedientes .

 

proteger

proteger verbo transitivo 1 Hacer que una persona o una cosa no reciba daño o no llegue hasta ella algo que lo produce :protegerse del frío; la Constitución protege los derechos de los ciudadanos y una vida digna para todos ellos; un seto vegetal de gran altura protege la vivienda de miradas extrañas .2 Ayudar o favorecer, mediante la fuerza o la influencia, a una persona o una cosa para que esté en buenas condiciones :tiene un trabajo en un hotel y parece que el dueño lo protege; estas tasas protegen nuestra producción frente a la extranjera . Conjugación [5 ] .

 

protegido, -da

protegido, -da nombre masculino y femenino Persona que recibe la protección, el apoyo y la confianza de otra que tiene más poder social o económico :asistió como médico a varios reyes y papas y fue protegido de Federico III de Sicilia; con ese hombre nadie se mete porque todos saben que es protegido del gobernador .

 

proteico, -ca

proteico, -ca 1 adjetivo formal Que cambia de formas o de ideas :la novela "Tiempo de silencio " se mostró como una novela proteica capaz de conciliar ente sí puntos de vista no solo sociales, sino también psicológicos, antropológicos y metafísicos .

 

proteico, -ca

proteico, -ca 2 adjetivo biol De la naturaleza de las proteínas :las espículas pueden ser calcáreas, silíceas o proteicas según estén formadas por carbonato cálcico, sílice o proteínas .

 

proteiforme

proteiforme adjetivo Que cambia de formas o de ideas :era un pianista proteiforme; la industria turística es proteiforme .SINÓNIMO proteico .

 

proteína

proteína nombre femenino Sustancia química que forma parte de la estructura de las membranas celulares y es el constituyente esencial de las células vivas; sus funciones biológicas principales son la de actuar como biocatalizador del metabolismo y la de actuar como anticuerpo :de la descomposición de las proteínas resultan los aminoácidos; para compensar el desgaste de los tejidos y permitir el crecimiento es necesario tomar alimentos con muchas proteínas .

 

proteínico, -ca

proteínico, -ca adjetivo De las proteínas o relacionado con ellas :compuesto proteínico; aporte proteínico; valor proteínico .

 

proteinuria

proteinuria nombre femenino med Presencia en la orina de proteínas en una cantidad superior a la normal .

 

protervia

protervia nombre femenino formal Obstinación en la maldad, perversidad .

 

protervo, -va

protervo, -va adjetivo /nombre masculino y femenino formal [persona ] Que se obstina en la maldad :un espíritu protervo .

 

protésico, -ca

protésico, -ca adjetivo 1 De la prótesis o que tiene relación con esta pieza artificial .2 nombre masculino y femenino Persona que se dedica a la fabricación de piezas dentales o aparatos artificiales que se colocan en la boca de las personas para sustituir a los dientes o corregir malformaciones dentales .También protésico dental .SINÓNIMO mecánico dentista .

 

prótesis

prótesis nombre femenino 1 Colocación o sustitución de un órgano, una pieza o un miembro del cuerpo por otro o por un aparato especial que reproduce más o menos exactamente la parte que falta :prótesis de rodilla .2 Pieza o aparato artificial que se coloca o se implanta en el cuerpo de un ser vivo para sustituir a otra pieza, a un órgano o a un miembro :prótesis ósea; prótesis dental; en el campo de las prótesis, una mano podía ser reemplazada con un duplicado exacto hecho de un material plástico .3 ling Adición de uno o más sonidos en posición inicial de palabra :decir ‘amoto ’ en lugar de ‘moto ’ es un vulgarismo por prótesis; la prótesis es muy frecuente en la pronunciación de palabras extranjeras que comienzan por ‘s ’ seguida de otra consonante .El plural es prótesis .

 

protesta

protesta nombre femenino 1 Acción de protestar :estamos cansados de protestas injustificadas .2 Documento, acto o conjunto de palabras con que se protesta :la retirada de esas medidas provocó airadas protestas .3 Declaración jurídica que se hace para que no se perjudique y para asegurar el derecho que tiene una persona .4 Promesa solemne de un alto dignatario al tomar posesión de su cargo .

 

protestación

protestación nombre femenino Acción de protestar .SINÓNIMO protesta .

 

protestante

protestante adjetivo 1 Del protestantismo o relacionado con él :tradición protestante; reforma protestante; iglesia protestante .SINÓNIMO evangélico .2 adjetivo /nombre común [persona ] Que profesa el protestantismo .SINÓNIMO reformado .

 

protestantismo

protestantismo nombre masculino 1 Corriente religiosa cristiana que tuvo su origen en las ideas del alemán Martín Lutero en el siglo xvi ; se caracteriza por creer que la salvación no depende de las obras sino de la fe y por considerar la Biblia como la única fuente de todas sus enseñanzas; defiende la igualdad esencial de todos los miembros de la Iglesia y solo tiene dos sacramentos, el bautismo y la eucaristía :las cuatro tradiciones principales del protestantismo que emergieron tras la Reforma fueron la luterana, la calvinista, la anabaptista y la anglicana .2 Conjunto de iglesias cristianas que surgieron a partir de la Reforma o que están influidas por ella .

 

protestar

protestar verbo intransitivo 1 Exponer una persona de forma vehemente su queja, oposición o disconformidad por algo que considera injusto, inadecuado, ilegal, etc. :los obreros de esa fábrica abandonaron momentáneamente el encierro que mantienen desde hace días para sumarse a la multitud que protestaba contra la desaparición de los puestos de trabajo; el muchacho protestaba por una situación que no entendía .2 verbo transitivo Declarar alguien su intención de ejecutar una cosa :protestar deseos de trabajar .3 Confesar alguien públicamente la fe o creencia que profesa :protesto mi cristianismo .4 Hacer el protesto de una letra de cambio . VÉASE protestar una letra .

 

protestatario, -ria

protestatario, -ria adjetivo /nombre masculino y femenino Que se muestra disconforme de una manera vehemente :espíritu protestatario .

 

protesto

protesto nombre masculino 1 Diligencia que, por no ser aceptada o pagada una letra de cambio, se practica bajo fe notarial para que no se perjudiquen los derechos y acciones entre las personas que han intervenido en el giro .2 Escrito en que consta esta diligencia .

 

protestón, -tona

protestón, -tona adjetivo /nombre masculino y femenino coloquial [persona ] Que protesta o se queja mucho, o que lo hace por cualquier cosa .

 

protético, -ca

protético, -ca prostético .

 

prótido

prótido nombre masculino biol Sustancia componente de los seres vivos, que forma la parte fundamental de las células, de los órganos y de los líquidos orgánicos, como la sangre, la leche o los jugos vegetales y cuyas moléculas se componen únicamente de proteínas, o bien de proteína y otro componente que les confiere carácter químico y biológico peculiar, como la hemoglobina .

 

protista

protista nombre masculino 1 biol Antiguo taxón con la categoría de reino al que pertenecían los organismos que no podían englobarse en ninguno de los dos reinos existentes, los animales y las plantas .2 adjetivo /nombre masculino biol [ser vivo ] Que pertenece al reino de los protistas .SINÓNIMO protoctista .3 protistas nombre masculino plural biol Reino al que pertenecen los organismos eucariotas unicelulares o pluricelulares muy sencillos sin tejidos diferenciados :las algas pertenecen al reino de los protistas .SINÓNIMO protoctistas .

 

protisto

protisto nombre masculino biol Ser vivo unicelular de núcleo diferenciado :el paramecio y la ameba son protistos .

 

proto-

proto- Elemento prefijal de origen griego que entra en la formación de nombres y adjetivos con el sentido de ‘primero ’, ‘principal ’, ‘superior ’, ‘preeminente ’:protomártir, protonotario .

 

protocolar

protocolar adjetivo Del protocolo o relacionado con él :para el empirismo lógico el fundamento del saber científico eran las proposiciones protocolares .

 

protocolario, -ria

protocolario, -ria adjetivo 1 Que se hace según un protocolo o se ajusta a él :actos protocolarios .2 Que se hace solamente por cortesía o por cumplir unas determinadas reglas o costumbres :visita protocolaria .

 

protocolización

protocolización nombre femenino Acción de protocolizar :los gastos generados por la protocolización notarial de un testamento .

 

protocolizar

protocolizar verbo transitivo Incorporar a un protocolo una escritura o documento . Conjugación [4 ] como realizar .

 

protocolo

protocolo nombre masculino 1 Conjunto de reglas de formalidad que rigen los actos y ceremonias diplomáticos y oficiales :cumplir con el protocolo .2 Conjunto de reglas de cortesía que se siguen en las relaciones sociales y que han sido establecidas por costumbre :una visita de protocolo; el protocolo dice que la mesa es presidida por la persona más importante .3 Conjunto de escrituras matrices y otros documentos autorizados por un notario que este guarda en su despacho siguiendo ciertas formalidades :el notario entregará el testamento al testador, después de poner en el protocolo corriente copia autorizada del acta de otorgamiento .4 Documento o acta en el que se recoge un acuerdo o las conclusiones extraídas de una reunión o de un trabajo experimental o clínico :el protocolo de este acuerdo fue firmado el pasado mes de marzo por el presidente; el viejo doctor sacó un bloc y empezó a escribir el protocolo de la autopsia .5 inform Conjunto de reglas de comunicación que rigen el intercambio de información entre dos equipos o sistemas conectados entre sí .

 

protoctista

protoctista protista .

 

protoestrella

protoestrella nombre femenino fís Materia interestelar en proceso de condensación para formar una nueva estrella .

 

protófito

protófito nombre masculino bot Organismo vegetal unicelular :flagelados, bacterias, algunas algas unicelulares y ciertas algas azul verdosas son protófitos .

 

protohistoria

protohistoria nombre femenino 1 hist Período de transición entre la prehistoria y la historia del que no se poseen testimonios escritos, pero sí algunas referencias en tradiciones orales :en lo que respecta a Europa, la protohistoria designa un período que comienza en el ii milenio a. C. hasta la generalización de la utilización del hierro en el 700 a. C .2 hist Disciplina histórica que estudia este período .

 

protohistórico, -ca

protohistórico, -ca adjetivo hist De la protohistoria o que tiene relación con este período :pueblos protohistóricos; cultura protohistórica .

 

protomártir

protomártir nombre masculino El primero de los mártires :los protomártires cristianos; san Esteban, protomártir .

 

protomedicato

protomedicato nombre masculino Tribunal que reconocía la suficiencia de los futuros médicos y concedía las licencias necesarias para el ejercicio de dicha facultad .

 

protomédico

protomédico nombre masculino Médico principal que componía, junto a otros, el protomedicato .

 

prótomo

prótomo nombre masculino Busto de hombre o de animal usado como elemento decorativo en la Antigüedad clásica .

 

protón

protón nombre masculino Partícula elemental del núcleo del átomo y que tiene carga eléctrica positiva :los átomos de hidrógeno tienen un solo protón .

 

protonema

protonema nombre masculino bot Órgano filamentoso que nace de las esporas de las plantas briofitas y sobre el cual se desarrolla el gametofito .

 

protónico, -ca

protónico, -ca 1 adjetivo ling Que precede a la sílaba tónica :vocal protónica; en la palabra ‘caracteres ’, la sílaba ‘rac ’ es la protónica .ANTÓNIMO postónico .ETIMOLOGÍA Derivado de tónico .

 

protónico, -ca

protónico, -ca 2 adjetivo Del protón o relacionado con él .ETIMOLOGÍA Derivado de protón .

 

protonotario

protonotario nombre masculino En España, principal de los notarios que despachaba con el príncipe y refrendaba sus despachos, cédulas y privilegios :la obra se conserva en El Escorial copiada por el protonotario de la iglesia de Toledo .protonotario apostólico Dignidad eclesiástica, con honores de prelacía, que el Papa concedía a algunos clérigos .

 

protoplaneta

protoplaneta nombre masculino fís Cuerpo celeste que se considera un embrión planetario .

 

protoplasma

protoplasma nombre masculino biol Parte de la célula que está limitada por la membrana citoplasmática e incluye el citoplasma y el núcleo :el protoplasma es la sustancia fundamental de las células .

 

protoplasmático, -ca

protoplasmático, -ca adjetivo biol Del protoplasma o relacionado con él :flujo protoplasmático .

 

protórax

protórax nombre masculino zool Primer segmento de los tres que forman el tórax de un insecto (situado entre la cabeza y el mesotórax ), en el cual se articula el primer par de patas .El plural es protórax .

 

prototerio

prototerio adjetivo /nombre masculino 1 zool [mamífero ] Que pertenece a la subclase de los prototerios .2 prototerios nombre masculino plural zool Subclase de mamíferos primitivos que presentan ciertos caracteres propios de reptiles o de aves, como el de ser ovíparos y tener cloaca :la subclase de los prototerios incluye un solo orden con representantes actuales: los monotremas (como el ornitorrinco o el equidna ).

 

prototípico, -ca

prototípico, -ca adjetivo Del prototipo o relacionado con él :imágenes prototípicas; características prototípicas; ejemplo prototípico .

 

prototipo

prototipo nombre masculino 1 Primer ejemplar que se fabrica de una figura, un invento u otra cosa, y que sirve de modelo para fabricar otras iguales, o molde original con el que se fabrica :en el salón del automóvil se presentaron varios prototipos de automóviles eléctricos .2 Persona o cosa que reúne en grado máximo las características principales de cierto tipo de cosas y puede representarlas :la modelo es el prototipo de la belleza femenina de esta década; "La Odisea " es para nosotros el prototipo de relato mítico que resume la capacidad imaginativa y la riqueza de aventuras .

 

protovitamina

protovitamina nombre femenino biol Sustancia inactiva que existe en los alimentos y que el organismo transforma en vitamina activa .

 

protozoo

protozoo adjetivo /nombre masculino 1 zool [animal ] Que pertenece al grupo de los protozoos :el paramecio es un protozoo .2 protozoos nombre masculino plural zool Grupo de animales eucariotas formados por una sola célula, o por una colonia de células iguales entre sí, sin diferenciación de tejidos y que vive en medios acuosos o en líquidos internos de organismos superiores :la ameba y el paramecio pertenecen a los protozoos .

 

protráctil

protráctil adjetivo [lengua, boca ] Que se puede proyectar hacia fuera hasta una distancia considerable :el camaleón tiene una lengua protráctil que le sirve para cazar; el arenque y la mojarra tienen la boca protráctil .

 

protrombina

protrombina nombre femenino biol Proteína precursora de la trombina en el proceso de coagulación de la sangre .

 

protuberancia

protuberancia nombre femenino 1 Elevación o bulto redondeado que sobresale de una superficie :llevaba un traje de baño muy ceñido a la protuberancia del vientre .protuberancia anular anat Protuberancia ancha y blanquecina, formada por fibras nerviosas transversales, que conecta el bulbo raquídeo, el cerebro y el cerebelo .También simplemente protuberancia .2 astr Masa de vapores incandescentes que sale del Sol .

 

protuberante

protuberante adjetivo Que sobresale más de lo que se considera normal :pechos protuberantes .

 

protutor, -ra

protutor, -ra nombre masculino y femenino der Persona encargada de representar los intereses de otra sometida a su tutela por orden de un juez .

 

Sanseido Wisdom Dictionary

Prot

Prot .Protestant .

 

prot-

prot- /proʊt /複合要素 〖母音の前で 〗＝proto- .

 

protagonist

pro tag o nist /proʊtǽɡ (ə )nɪst /名詞 C ｟かたく ｠1 主唱者 (↔antagonist ).2 (演劇 小説 映画などの )主役, 主人公 .3 (スポーツ大会などの )競技者 .

 

protean

pro te an /próʊtiən |prə (ʊ )tí (ː )ən /形容詞 ｟かたく 文 ｠変幻自在な .

 

protect

pro tect /prətékt , ｟米 ｠proʊ -/〖pro (前を )tect (覆う )〗(名 )protection, (形 )protective 動詞 ～s /-ts /; ～ed /-ɪd /; ～ing 他動詞 1 a. 〈人 物 法律などが 〉〈人 権利 物 動植物など 〉を保護する ▸ These laws are to protect people's privacy [the environment ].これらの法律は人のプライバシー [環境 ]を守るためのものだ b. 〖protect A from [against ] B 〗〈人 物 事が 〉B 〈被害 病気など 〉からA 〈人 物 事 〉を守る , 保護する , かばう (!againstでは立ち向かう積極的姿勢を強調 ) ▸ protect children from disease 子供を病気から守る ▸ protect oneself against crime 犯罪から身を守る c. 〖protect A from [against ] doing 〗(保護して )A 〈人 物 事 〉に … させないようにする ▸ protect your skin from becoming dry 肌が乾燥しないように守る 2 〘経 〙〈自国の産業 貿易 〉を関税で保護する (→protectionism ).3 〘保険 〙〈保険 契約などが 〉【事故などに対して 】〈人 物 〉を補償して守る «against » .4 〘コンピュ 〙【不正アクセスなどから 】〈情報など 〉を保護する «from » .5 ｟英 ｠〈手形など 〉の支払い準備をする .6 〈機械など 〉に (けが防止用の )安全装置を付ける .自動詞 «…に対する » 保護機能がある , «…を » 防ぐ (働きがある ) «against , from » ; 〘保険 〙〈保険 契約などが 〉 «…に対して » 補償をする «against » ▸ Certain foods can help (to ) protect against cancer .ある種の食べ物は癌 （がん ）の防止に役立つことがある

 

protected

pro t é ct ed /-ɪd /形容詞 保護された ; 〈地域 希少動植物などが 〉 (法律で )保護指定された .～̀ bu í lding ｟米 ｠(正式登録された )重要文化財指定建造物 (｟英 ｠listed building ).

 

protection

pro tec tion /prətékʃ (ə )n /→protect 名詞 複 ～s /-z /1 U «…からの » 保護 , 防御 «against , from » ▸ environmental protection 環境保護 ▸ They live under the protection of the government .彼らは政府の保護の下で生活している ▸ The apparatus offers [gives, provides ] good protection against burglars .その装置は泥棒から十分に守ってくれる 2 U 【病気 災害などからの 】(保険による )保障 «against » .3 C 〖単数形で 〗 «…から » 保護する物 [人 ]; «…を » よける物 «against » ▸ a wall built as a protection against wind 風よけとして作られた壁 4 C 〖通例 ～s 〗【人に対する 】法による保護 (手段 ) «for » ▸ constitutional protections for defendants in criminal trials 刑事裁判における憲法で保証された被告の保護 5 U 〘経 〙保護貿易政策 .6 U ｟くだけて ｠(暴力団に支払う )上納金 , 保護料, 見かじめ料 ; (警察 政治家に払う )目こぼし料 (protection money ).7 C 通行証, (人物の )保護証 .～́ r à cket ｟くだけて ｠暴力団が上納金をたかる行為 .

 

protectionism

pro t é c tion ì sm 名詞 U ｟主に書 ｠保護貿易主義 .

 

protectionist

pro t é c tion ist 形容詞 名詞 C ｟主に書 ｠(外国産品への関税による )保護貿易主義 (の ), 保護貿易主義者 (の ).

 

protective

pro tec tive /prətéktɪv /→protect 形容詞 more ～; most ～1 比較なし 〖通例 名詞 の前で 〗保護 [擁護 ]する , 防護用の ▸ take protective measures 保護対策を講じる 2 «…を » 守る , かばう «of , about , toward » ▸ be too protective of one's children 子供を過保護にする 3 比較なし (貿易に関して )保護主義の .名詞 C 保護 [防御 ]するもの ; ｟やや古 ｠コンドーム .～̀ cl ó thing 防護服 .～̀ c ó loring [color á tion ]〘動 〙保護色 .～̀ c ú stody 保護拘置 〘攻撃からの保護を目的として行う拘束 〙.～̀ g ó ggle 保護めがね .～̀ t á riff 保護関税 .～ly 副詞 保護して, 安全のために .～ness 名詞

 

protector

pro tec tor /prətéktə r /名詞 1 C 保護 [擁護 ]者 ; 後援者 .2 C 保護する物, 安全装置 ; 〘スポーツ 〙プロテクター .3 〘英史 〙〖the P- 〗護国卿 （きよう ）(Lord Protector ) 〘共和政を敷いたOliver Cromwellとその子Richard Cromwellの称号 〙.

 

protectorate

pro tec tor ate /prətékt (ə )rət, proʊ -/名詞 C (強国による )保護国, 保護領 .

 

protege

pro t é g é /próʊtəʒèɪ, -̀--́ |prɔ́t -/〖＜フランス 〗名詞 C 被保護者, 被後見人 (!女性形はprot é g é e ) .

 

protegee

pro t é g é e /próʊtəʒèɪ, -̀--́ |prɔ́t -/〖＜フランス 〗名詞 C (女性の )被保護者, 被後見人 (→prot é g é ).

 

protein

pro tein /próʊtiːn /名詞 U C 蛋白 （たんぱく ）質 ▸ a low protein diet 低蛋白質の食事

 

protest

pro test /próʊtest / (! 動詞 と 名詞 で発音が異なるので注意 ) 〖pro (人前で )test (証言する )〗名詞 複 ～s /-ts /1 a. U 〖具体例では 可算 〗 «…に対する » (言葉 態度による公然の )抗議 ; (強い )不平 , 不満 «against , at , to , about , over » ▸ make [enter, lodge ] a protest against A A 〈人 〉に抗議する ▸ despite A's protest A 〈人 〉の抗議もむなしく ▸ The decision has provoked a storm of protest .その決定は抗議のあらしを引き起こした ▸ conduct a strike in protest against [at ] the wage cut 賃金カットに反対してストライキを行う ▸ without protest 何の不満もなく, おとなしく ▸ a protest song プロテストソング 〘反戦歌など 〙▸ a protest march 抗議行進デモ b. C 抗議集会 .2 C «…という » (強い )主張 , 断言 «that 節 » (!周囲の意見への反対を含意 ) ▸ a loud protest that experiments on animals should be stopped 動物実験はやめるべきだという声高な主張 under pr ó test いやいやながら, 不承不承 .動詞 /prətést /～s /-ts /; ～ed /-ɪd /; ～ing 他動詞 1 ｟米 ｠〈人が 〉…に抗議する , 異議を唱える ▸ strongly protest a decision by the government 政府の決定に強く抗議する 2 〈人が 〉…を主張する ; 〖～ that節 〗…だと (強く )主張する ; ｟書 ｠〖直接話法 〗…と言い張る (!周囲の意見への反対を含意; →say 他動詞 1a 語法 ) ▸ They protested Tom's innocence. ≒They protested that Tom was innocent .彼らはトムが無罪であることを主張した ▸ The man protested , “I don't know. ”その男は 「私は知らない 」と言い張った 自動詞 ｟英 ｠〈人が 〉 «…に » 抗議する , 異議を唱える «against , at , to , about » ▸ The students are protesting against [at ] school uniforms .生徒たちは制服に異議を申し立てている

 

Protestant

Prot es tant /prɑ́tɪst (ə )nt |prɔ́t -; 名詞 2 , 形容詞 2 で ｟米 ｠でまたprətést (ə )nt /名詞 C 1 〘キリスト教 〙プロテスタント ; 新教徒 .2 〖p- 〗抗議者 ; 異議を唱える人 .形容詞 1 新教 (徒 )の .2 〖p- 〗抗議する, 異議を申し立てる .～ì sm 名詞 U 新教 (の教義 ).

 

protestation

pro tes ta tion /prɑ̀təstéɪʃ (ə )n, pròʊ -|prɔ̀ -/名詞 C ｟かたく ｠〖通例 ～s 〗 «…(が本当であると )の /…という » (強い )主張, 断定 «of /that 節 » (!周囲の意見への反対を含意 ) ; «…に対する » 抗議 «against » .

 

protester

pro test er -tes tor /próʊtestə r |prətéstə /名詞 C 抗議 [主張 ]する人, 抗議行動への参加者 .

 

proto-

pro to- /próʊtoʊ /複合要素 〖形容詞 名詞 に付く 〗初期の, 創成期の ; 原始的な ; 主要な (!母音の前ではprot -) .

 

protocol

pro to col /próʊtəkɑ̀l, -kɔ̀ːl |-kɔ̀l /名詞 1 U 外交上の儀礼 ; (正式な )礼儀作法 .2 C ｟かたく ｠(条約 )議定書 .3 C 〘インターネット 〙プロトコル, 通信規約 ▸ Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (Internetのwwwで利用される )通信プロトコル (｟略 ｠http )

 

proton

pro ton /próʊtɑn |-tɔn /名詞 C 〘物理 〙陽子, プロトン (→electron ).

 

protoplasm

pro to plasm /próʊtəplæ̀z (ə )m /名詞 U 〘生物 〙原形質 〘動植物の細胞内にある物質 〙.

 

protoplasmic

pro to plas mic /pròʊtəplǽzmɪk /形容詞 原形質の .

 

prototype

pro to type /próʊtətàɪp /名詞 C «…の » 原型, 典型 ; 手本, 模範 «of , for » ; 試作品 .

 

prototypical

pr ò to t ý pical 形容詞 比較なし 典型的な .

 

protozoa

pro to zo a /pròʊtəzóʊə /名詞 〖the ～; 複数扱い 〗原生動物類 .

 

protozoan

pro to zo an /pròʊtəzóʊən /名詞 複 protozoa, ～s C 形容詞 単細胞生物 (の ), 原生動物 (の ).

 

protract

pro tract /prətrǽkt, proʊ -/動詞 他動詞 1 ｟かたく ｠…を (だらだらと )長引かせる, 引き延ばす .2 〈器官 〉を伸ばす, 突き出す (↔retract ).3 (分度器 比例尺で )…を製図する .

 

protracted

pro tr á ct ed /-ɪd /形容詞 〖名詞 の前で 〗延長された, 長引いた .

 

protraction

pro tr á c tion 名詞 U 長引かすこと, 延長 ; 製図 .

 

protractor

pro trac tor /proʊtrǽktə r |prə -/名詞 C 分度器 .

 

protrude

pro trude /prətrúːd, proʊ -/動詞 ｟かたく ｠自動詞 «…から » 突き出る «from » .他動詞 …を突き出す .

 

protrusion

pro tru sion /prətrúːʒ (ə )n, proʊ -/名詞 1 C 突出 [隆起 ]物 .2 U 突き出ること .

 

protuberance

pro tu ber ance /prət j úːb (ə )r (ə )ns, proʊ -/名詞 C ｟かたく ｠突出 [隆起 ]部 ; U 突出, 隆起 .

 

protuberant

pro tu ber ant /prət j úːb (ə )r (ə )nt, proʊ -/形容詞 ｟かたく ｠突き出た, 盛り上がった .